KR102360573B1 - BIM-based Risk Assessment of Structural Occurrence Disaster for Construction Site Safety Management - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a method for evaluating the risk of a building configuration object based on BIM (Building Information Modeling), (a) generating a building information file 101 using BIM, wherein the building information file includes a building configuration. Each component object includes a corresponding disaster element, wherein the disaster element is classified according to a predetermined criterion, step (S110); (b) step of inputting the building object to the input module (S120); (c) step (S130) of loading the disaster element corresponding to the component object input in step (S120) from the building information file 101 generated in step (a) (S110) to the operation module (S130) ; and (d) in the operation module, evaluating the degree of risk to the constituent object by a predetermined method (S140); Including, the degree of risk for the constituent object in step (S140) of the (d) is, the single risk by the constituent object; and a combination risk resulting from the combination of the constituent object and other constituent objects; It provides a risk assessment method of building components, including:

Description

BIM-based Risk Assessment of Structural Occurrence Disaster for Construction Site Safety Management

The present invention is a risk assessment method for BIM-based construction site safety management.

Recently, the incidence of safety accidents in the domestic construction industry is on the rise. The number of fatalities due to safety accidents in the construction industry was 344, accounting for 47.1% of the total number of fatal accidents caused by industrial accidents, accounting for 47.1%. This means that the severity of disasters occurring at construction sites is higher than those occurring at sites in other fields, and prompt action is considered to be taken.

However, the current research on safety management of domestic construction sites is focused on future safety management by presenting methods to minimize on-site risk factors such as analysis of the current status of construction sites, establishment of management plans, employee awareness of safety, and analysis of disaster factors. It is only at the level of suggesting a direction or a way.

Overseas, concepts such as OSHA in the US, HSE in the UK, ConSASS in Singapore, etc. are established and evaluation measures are established and applied within the actual construction process to ensure site safety management. Among them, a number of studies are being conducted to apply BIM technology and safety management to safety management at construction sites.

Workers at construction sites are exposed to numerous risk factors, and the government also distributes manuals and laws to establish the concept of design for safety and to review design safety in order to achieve a design that considers the safety of the site from the design stage to prevent it. Therefore, efforts are being made to achieve risk management at the construction site.

Although research on this is currently being actively conducted, accurate and rapid evaluation is difficult due to the large amount of information required for direct application to the field and the absence of a consistent review method.

As a related art in this regard, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-2004903 is disclosed. The prior art is a 'method, apparatus, and computer-readable recording medium for evaluating the fire risk of an aged building', and is a technology for evaluating the fire risk through a preset evaluation standard. However, the prior art does not evaluate the degree of risk for each object constituting the building or structure, and does not disclose the content of determining the risk during construction of the building.

(Patent Document 1) Korean Patent No. 10-2004903

The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and it is intended to suggest a risk assessment method through BIM-based risk factor derivation in connection with domestic design safety review with reference to overseas research models based on BIM information.

The present invention collects data on disasters occurring at construction sites, classifies them by disaster/risk factor, and derives evaluation items for them. Based on the derived evaluation items, an evaluation plan in the BIM model is presented and representative disasters are selected Therefore, it is intended to provide a BIM-based risk assessment.

An embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems is a risk assessment method for a building configuration object based on BIM (Building Information Modeling), (a) using BIM to generate a building information file 101 As a step, the building information file includes a disaster element corresponding to each constituent object constituting the building, wherein the disaster element is classified according to a predetermined criterion (S110); (b) step of inputting the building object to the input module (S120); (c) step (S130) of loading the disaster element corresponding to the component object input in step (S120) from the building information file 101 generated in step (a) (S110) to the operation module (S130) ; and (d) in the operation module, evaluating the degree of risk to the constituent object by a predetermined method (S140); Including, the degree of risk for the constituent object in step (S140) of the (d) is, the single risk by the constituent object; and a combination risk resulting from the combination of the constituent object and other constituent objects; It provides a risk assessment method of building components, including:

In addition, in the (b) step (S120), the building constituent object is selected from the Ifc information generated in the building information file 101, and the Ifc information of the building information file 101 is a beam object (IfcBeam). ), column object (IfcColumn), plate object (IfcPlate), wall object (IfcWall), slab object (IfcSlab), lamp object (IfcRamp), floor object (IfcStair), roof object (IfcRoof), curtain wall object (IfcCurtainWall) At least one of the information on the Ifc, each of the information, a corresponding disaster element may be matched.

In addition, in the Ifc information of the building information file 101, when the building constituent object includes an additional reinforcing structure, a disaster element occurring during the construction of the reinforcing structure is stored for each building constituent object according to a preset standard, and , the step (d) includes: (d1) determining whether the configuration object input in the step (b) includes an additional reinforcement structure (S141); may further include.

In addition, in the predetermined method of the (d) step (S140), the risk is evaluated based on the possibility of occurrence of a disaster and the severity of the disaster occurring during the construction of the constituent object, wherein the risk is the product of the probability of occurrence of a disaster and the severity of the disaster. is evaluated, and after (d) step (S140), (e) by the output module, the level of risk evaluated in step (d) (S140) is output as a grade, wherein the grade is divided into preset sections , step (S150); may further include.

In addition, in the (a) step (S110), the disaster factors classified by a predetermined criterion may include a fall risk, a collapse risk, a fall risk, a stenosis risk, a burial risk, and a dropout risk.

In addition, when the beam object is selected in the input module in step (b) (S120), in step (d1) (S141), when the beam object is determined to be a reinforced concrete beam including a reinforcing bar reinforcement structure , to further evaluate the risk generated during assembly between the beam object and the reinforcing bar, and after the (d1) step (S141), (d12) the risk generated when the column object and the beam are combined, and the column related to the beam object Evaluating the degree of risk occurring when the object and the slab object are combined (S142); and (d13) determining the degree of risk occurring during construction using the height value of the beam (S143); may further include.

In addition, when the wall object is selected in the input module in step (b) (S120), in step (d1) (S141), when it is determined that the wall object includes a steel structure, the wall object Further evaluate the risk generated during the rebar assembly of the (d1), after step (S141), (d21) if the wall object has an outer wall and an opening, the height of the outer wall and the opening is greater than or equal to a preset value In this case, the disaster factor is determined as a risk of falling (S151); may further include.

The risk assessment method for a building constituent object according to the present invention can improve the accuracy of risk determination by judging by dividing the risk into individual risk and combined risk when judging the risk for each constituent object unit constituting the building.

In addition, since BIM information is used in the process of judging the degree of risk, the risk management of the construction site can be systematically performed by considering and judging the safety of construction from the design process of the building.

1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 schematically shows the Ifc information classification of the building information file applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a disaster element in the case where the constituent object is an auxiliary object.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a case in which a constituent object is an auxiliary object in one embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a case in which a constituent object is a wall object according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a method for evaluating the risk of a building constituent object according to the present invention will be described.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the method for evaluating the risk of a building component according to the present invention includes steps S110 to S140 .

Step S110 is a step of generating the building information file 101 using BIM. The building information file includes a disaster element corresponding to each constituent object constituting the building, and the disaster element is a predetermined standard. The steps are classified by

Referring to FIG. 2 , the constituent objects constituting the building applied to the present invention are classified, and the constituent objects are created as Ifc information in the building information file 101 . Ifc information is, beam object (IfcBeam), column object (IfcColumn), plate object (IfcPlate), wall object (IfcWall), slab object (IfcSlab), lamp object (IfcRamp), floor object (IfcStair), roof object (IfcRoof) ), and information on the curtain wall object (IfcCurtainWall), and each Ifc information, a corresponding disaster element is matched. That is, the beam object and the column object may have different matching disaster factors.

Here, in order to conduct a safety review using BIM data, disaster factors are collected and analyzed for each disaster scenario, and factors, locations, risks, frequency, and types of disasters (human/physical disasters) that occur within the construction site are collected and analyzed. The data were classified by each disaster factor. In the present invention, the disaster factors classified by a predetermined criterion are divided into a fall risk, a collapse risk, a fall risk, a stenosis risk, a burial risk, and a fall risk.

Step S120 is a step in which the building object is input to the input module. The constituent object of the building input to the input module is selected from the Ifc information of the building information file 101 classified in FIG. 2 . At this time, in the Ifc information of the building information file 101, when the building constituent object includes an additional reinforcing structure, a disaster element generated during the construction of the reinforcing structure is stored for each building constituent object according to a preset standard.

Step S130 is a step in which the disaster element corresponding to the constituent object is loaded from the building information file 101 generated in step S110 to the operation module. That is, not all disaster elements are loaded, but only disaster elements related to the component object selected in the input module are loaded.

Step S140 is a step of evaluating the degree of risk to the constituent object by a predetermined method in the operation module. At this time, the risk to the constituent object in step (S140) includes a single risk by the constituent object and a combination risk resulting from the combination of the constituent object and another constituent object.

In addition, when the Ifc information of the building information file 101 includes an additional reinforcing structure, a disaster element occurring during the construction of the reinforcing structure is stored for each building constituent object according to a preset standard, and step S140 ) further includes a step (S141) of determining whether the configuration object input in step (S120) includes an additional reinforcement structure.

3 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a disaster element in the case where the constituent object is an auxiliary object. Referring to FIG. 3 , a state in which two beam objects are coupled between three column objects is shown. In step S120 , when the auxiliary object is selected from the input module, the disaster element caused by the auxiliary object itself is loaded. As described above, the disaster element for each constituent object is in a pre-stored state. Here, the disaster element caused by the constituent object itself is defined as a single risk, and the disaster element generated from the combination of the constituent object and other constituent objects is defined as the combined risk.

In the case of FIG. 3 , the single risk is a disaster element generated from the beam object itself, and the beam object is coupled between the pillar objects at a predetermined height from the ground, meaning a disaster element generated accordingly. In addition, in relation to step S141, if the user selects a reinforced concrete beam, the operator's fall risk, collapse risk, stenosis risk, fall risk, and burial risk that occur during the assembly of reinforcement in the reinforced concrete process are disaster factors. more included.

With respect to the combined risk, after the step (S141), it further includes a step (S142) and a step (S143). Step S142 is a step of evaluating the degree of risk occurring when the object and the beam are combined and the risk generated when the column and slab objects related to the beam are combined, and the step S143 is performed using the height value of the beam. This is the stage of judging the level of risk that may occur during construction. In other words, the combination risk relates to the disaster factors that occur at the binding sites of different constituent objects, so all the disaster factors are considered for each binding site.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in order for a beam object to exist, a column object must be a premise, and the column object must be coupled to a slab object. do. Of course, the risk that may occur at the joint of the beam object and the column object is also evaluated, and specific types of disaster factors are shown in FIG. 3 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , a method of evaluating risk when a secondary object is selected as a constituent object will be described.

If a constituent object is selected as a beam object, it is judged whether or not a reinforcement structure is included. At this time, if the reinforcing structure is included, the degree of risk of the reinforcing assembly including the reinforcing structure is identified. If it does not include a reinforcing structure, check whether it is connected to other constituent objects, and if it is not connected to other constituent objects, check that the vertical height of the selected constituent object is 2 meters or more. Here, '2 meters' is set by the designer and may be changed according to the designer's choice. If it is less than 2 meters, it is considered that there is no risk of falling, and if it is connected to other components, the overall risk is determined after matching the disaster factors for each connection part.

A method of evaluating the risk in step S140 will be described. Risk assessment for safety evaluation calculates the risk grade by estimating the frequency and severity of accidents, and decides whether to allow risk factors according to the standards of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The current risk assessment is classified into a frequency level of 1 to 5 (not likely to frequent) and a severity level of 1 to 4 (no effect to severe). The formula for calculating the risk class based on the frequency and severity of occurrence is the same as Equation 1.

<Equation 1>

<Table 1>

Table 1 is a table showing the value calculated by multiplying the frequency and severity as a risk grade. If the calculated risk is grades 1 to 3, it is a negligible risk, grades 4 to 6 are insignificant risk, and grade 8 is a minor risk. It is within the range that can accommodate abnormally hazardous work. Grades 9 to 12 are significant, and grades 13 to 15 are significant, and depending on the condition, hazardous work is acceptable, and work can be resumed if specific safety measures are taken. However, level 16-20 is a 'dangerous work not allowed' stage, and work must be stopped immediately.

Based on the criteria of Equation 1, the risk grade was calculated based on the risk factors for each disaster extracted from the BIM model. Based on the permissible level of risk class in Table 1, it is possible to calculate the constituent objects required to establish risk measures. By providing quantitative data on the calculated grade, BIM-based quantitative risk assessment is possible.

<Table 2>

Table 2 shows an example in which the type of disaster element and the level of risk are described when the constituent object is selected as the auxiliary object. In the predetermined method of step (S140), the degree of risk is evaluated based on the possibility of occurrence of a disaster and the severity of the disaster occurring during construction of the constituent object, but the degree of risk is evaluated by multiplying the probability of occurrence of a disaster and the severity of the disaster.

In addition, the step S150 performed after the step S140 is a step in which the risk evaluated in the step S140 is output as a grade by the output module, and the grade is divided into preset sections.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a case in which a constituent object is a wall object according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5 , it is preferable that basic information such as the process type, location, spacing, and material of the wall object through the shape, arrangement, and attribute information of each wall object is already stored in the building information file 101 .

In step S120, if a wall object is selected in the input module, and in step S141, if it is determined that the wall object includes a steel structure, the risk level generated during reinforcing bar assembly of the wall object is further evaluated. That is, when the building component includes an additional reinforcement structure, it is to determine the disaster factors that occur during the construction of the reinforcement structure. If it is not a steel structure or reinforced concrete, it is because there is no risk factor that may occur during rebar assembly.

After step S141, when the wall object has an outer wall and an opening, when the height of the outer wall and the opening is greater than or equal to a preset value, the disaster factor further includes a step S151 of determining a fall risk.

That is, it is determined whether there is an outer wall and an opening, and if there is an outer wall or an opening and the height is 1 meter or more, it is determined that there is a risk of falling. At this time, the setting value of 1 meter may be changed according to the designer's selection. On the other hand, if there is no external wall or there is no opening, there is no risk of falling, so disaster factors other than the risk of falling such as general fall and stenosis are derived.

In the above, the present specification has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily understand and reproduce the present invention, but these are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and equivalent other modifications from the embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated that embodiments are possible. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

101: building information file

Claims (7)

As a risk assessment method for building components based on BIM (Building Information Modeling),
(a) as a step of generating the building information file 101 using BIM,
The building information file includes a disaster element corresponding to each constituent object constituting the building, and the disaster element is classified according to a predetermined criterion, a step (S110);
(b) step of inputting the building object to the input module (S120);
(c) step (S130) of loading the disaster element corresponding to the component object input in step (S120) from the building information file 101 generated in step (a) (S110) to the operation module (S130) ; and
(d) in the operation module, evaluating the degree of risk to the constituent object by a predetermined method (S140); includes,
The (d) level of risk to the constituent object in step (S140) is,
the sole risk by the constituent object; and
Combination risk arising from the combination of the constituent object and other constituent objects; including,
In the (b) step (S120), the building construction object,
Doedoe selected from the Ifc information generated in the building information file 101,
Ifc information of the building information file 101 is,
Beam Object (IfcBeam), Column Object (IfcColumn), Plate Object (IfcPlate), Wall Object (IfcWall), Slab Object (IfcSlab), Ramp Object (IfcRamp), Floor Object (IfcStair), Roof Object (IfcRoof), Curtain Wall At least one of information about the object (IfcCurtainWall),
In each of the Ifc information, a corresponding disaster element is matched,
When the building constituent object includes an additional reinforcing structure, the disaster factors occurring during the construction of the reinforcing structure are stored for each building constituent object according to a preset standard,
Step (d) is,
(d1) determining whether the configuration object input in step (b) includes an additional reinforcement structure (S141); further comprising,
Risk assessment method of building components.
delete delete The method of claim 1,
The predetermined method of the (d) step (S140) is,
The degree of risk is evaluated based on the possibility of occurrence of a disaster and the severity of the disaster that occur during the construction of the constituent object, and the risk is evaluated through the product of the probability of occurrence of a disaster and the severity of the disaster,
After the (d) step (S140),
(e) outputting, by the output module, the level of risk evaluated in step (d) (S140), the level being divided into preset sections, step (S150); further comprising,
Risk assessment method of building components.
The method of claim 1,
In the (a) step (S110), the disaster factors classified by a predetermined criterion are,
Including fall hazard, collapse hazard, overturn hazard, entanglement hazard, burial hazard and falling hazard,
Risk assessment method of building components.
The method of claim 1,
In the step (S120) of (b), when an object is selected in the input module,
In the (d1) step (S141),
When the beam object is determined to be a reinforced concrete beam including a reinforcement structure for a reinforcement column, the degree of risk generated during assembly between the beam object and the reinforcement column is further evaluated,
After the (d1) step (S141),
(d12) evaluating the degree of risk generated when the column object and the beam object are combined and the risk level generated when the column object and the slab object related to the beam object are combined (S142); and
(d13) determining the degree of risk occurring during construction using the height value of the beam object (S143); further comprising,
Risk assessment method of building components.
The method of claim 1,
In the step (S120) of (b), when a wall object is selected in the input module,
In the (d1) step (S141),
If it is determined that the wall object includes a steel structure, further evaluating the degree of risk that occurs when assembling the reinforcing bars of the wall object,
After the (d1) step (S141),
(d21) when an outer wall and an opening exist in the wall object, and when the height of the outer wall and the opening is greater than or equal to a preset value, determining that the disaster element is a fall risk (S151); further comprising,
Risk assessment method of building components.

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