KR102323800B1 - composition using fertilizer wastes for mortar - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for mortar using a fertilizer by-product.
The composition for mortar using the fertilizer by-product of the present invention, 100 parts by weight of cement; 800 to 1200 parts by weight of filler based on 100 parts by weight of the cement; 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of additives based on 100 parts by weight of the cement; It is obtained by dehydrating the surplus sludge generated in the fertilizer manufacturing process to form a cake and then pulverizing it, and includes a fertilizer by-product of 60 to 250 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the cement.
According to the present invention, in consideration of the fact that the main component of surplus sludge generated in the process of manufacturing fertilizer such as compost using organic waste is inorganic, it is utilized to manufacture or construct road base layers, bicycle roads, bricks, sidewalk blocks, etc. It is possible to provide a composition for mortar used in By properly mixing, the amount of binder such as cement can be minimized.

Description

Composition using fertilizer wastes for mortar

The present invention relates to a composition for mortar used in the manufacture or construction of a road base layer, a bicycle road, a brick, a sidewalk block, and the like, and in particular, a fertilizer obtained by dewatering the surplus sludge generated in the fertilizer manufacturing process to form a cake and then pulverizing it It relates to a composition for mortar using by-products of fertilizers, which enables recycling of resources and exhibits satisfactory structural performance by using by-products as raw materials.

Recently, with industrial development and population increase, the amount of waste generated is increasing day by day. Wastes cause environmental pollution and useful resources contained therein are sometimes discarded, so it is important to efficiently treat and recover them.

Wastes can be broadly classified into household wastes generated in the living environment and industrial wastes generated at industrial sites.

Workplace waste is classified into workplace general waste, workplace emission-based waste, workplace construction waste, and workplace designated waste according to the emission source.

They can be divided into organic wastes and inorganic wastes in terms of the properties of their constituent materials.

Organic wastes are wastes of animal and plant origin derived from living things and can be defined as wastes with an organic waste content of 40% or more.

The types and sources of wastes included in the category of organic wastes are diverse.

In general, organic waste includes food waste, livestock manure, human excreta, waste discharged from agricultural and marine products processing process, waste discharged from food processing process, and waste discharged from slaughterhouse.

These organic wastes have a high moisture content and a high concentration of discharged pollutants, so they are difficult to treat, and are currently being treated by incineration, landfilling, composting, and fodder.

As a technology related to the treatment of organic waste, the organic waste stored in the storage hopper as shown in FIG. After the crushing and sorting treatment, the dehydrator goes through the dehydrator, and the desorbent is stored in an anaerobic digester and then gas and digested sludge are separated. Thereafter, the fermentation process is performed in an aerobic extinction tank to produce fertilizers such as compost.

However, there is a problem in that the process of FIG. 1 does not provide information on the treatment of inorganic substances contained in organic waste.

2 shows an improved organic waste treatment process.

Referring to the drawing, the organic waste stored in the storage hopper is crushed in the crusher, and impurities are sorted, the remaining waste is put into the dehydrator and dehydrated, and the solid material remaining after dehydration is mixed with sawdust in the fermenter and fermented. After ripening at the post-aging unit and then crushing again at the crusher, foreign materials are sorted out, and the remaining raw materials are packaged and shipped.

In addition, the desorption liquid remaining after dehydration treatment in the dehydrator is physicochemically separated from the solid material and the liquid phase after the process water is added, and the liquid phase is treated as sewage, and the remaining solid material is treated in a way such as landfill together with the foreign material generated in the crusher.

Here, the solid component in the desorbent and the foreign material selected by the crusher are defined as “surplus sludge” including inorganic substances.

Here, it may be defined as "surplus sludge" further containing contaminants selected by preferentially crushing organic waste.

In the surplus sludge, surplus sludge containing not only organic components that can be used as fertilizers but also inorganic substances not suitable for use as fertilizers is generated. Organic sludge treatment process and its equipment" (Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-20005-0057735, Patent Document 2), it can be seen that the landfill treatment.

On the other hand, it is a technology related to the treatment of ash, which is an inorganic waste generated in power plants, etc. ), it is explained that the pozzolan reactivity of fly ash can be utilized, that blast furnace slag generated during pig iron smelting increases the long-term strength of concrete, and the process of manufacturing solidified materials using these mixtures is introduced. have.

In addition, in "A fast-diameter mortar composition for compaction grouting method using bottom ash as an aggregate" (Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1600840, Patent Document 4), a technology using bottom ash as an aggregate substitute is also introduced. .

As such, in the case of inorganic wastes generated in industrial sites, technologies for using as a substitute for fillers such as aggregates or manufacturing solidifying agents are introduced as in Patent Documents 3 and 4, but inorganic wastes generated from recycling of organic wastes As for the waste, the composition thereof and the technology for their recycling treatment have not yet been presented.

KR 10-1167500 (2012.07.12) KR 10-2005-0057735 (2005.06.16) KR 10-1889783 (2018.08.13) KR 10-1600840 (2016.03.02)

The composition for mortar using the fertilizer by-product of the present invention is to solve the problems occurring in the prior art as described above, and the main component of the surplus sludge generated in the process of manufacturing fertilizer such as compost using organic waste is inorganic. In view of this, it is intended to make it possible to manufacture a composition for mortar used in the manufacture or construction of a road base layer, a bicycle road, a brick, a sidewalk block, etc.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a composition for mortar that can manufacture products with higher strength by further adding additives of specific components to the surplus sludge.

In addition, it is intended to minimize the amount of binder such as cement by appropriately mixing surplus sludge and additives of specific components.

In order to solve the above problems, the composition for mortar using the fertilizer by-product of the present invention comprises: 100 parts by weight of cement; 800 to 1200 parts by weight of filler based on 100 parts by weight of the cement; 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of additives based on 100 parts by weight of the cement; It is obtained by dehydrating the surplus sludge generated in the fertilizer manufacturing process to make a cake and then pulverizing it, and includes 60 to 250 parts by weight of a fertilizer by-product relative to 100 parts by weight of the cement.

In the above configuration, the fertilizer by-product is characterized in that it contains 18 to 20% by weight of calcium, 2 to 3% by weight of aluminum, 4 to 5% by weight of silicon, and 3 to 5% by weight of iron.

In addition, the composition for mortar is characterized in that it is composed of 5% by weight of fertilizer by-products, 8% by weight of cement, 0.16% by weight of additives, and the remaining amount of filler.

In addition, the additive is composed of 1 to 3% by weight of organic acid, 5 to 10% by weight of sulfate, 3 to 5% by weight of sulfite, 5 to 10% by weight of carbonate, 5 to 10% by weight of phosphate, and the remaining amount of chloride. characterized.

In addition, the mortar is characterized in that for the manufacture of any one of a road base layer, a bicycle road, a brick, and a sidewalk block.

According to the present invention, considering that the main component of surplus sludge generated in the process of manufacturing fertilizer such as compost using organic waste is inorganic, it is utilized to manufacture or construct road base layers, bicycle roads, bricks, sidewalk blocks, etc. It is possible to provide a composition for mortar used in

In addition, there is provided a composition for a mortar capable of manufacturing a product with higher strength by further adding an additive of a specific component to the surplus sludge.

In addition, it is possible to minimize the amount of binder such as cement by appropriately mixing the surplus sludge and additives of specific components.

1 is a process diagram showing an example of a fertilizer manufacturing process using a conventional organic waste.
Figure 2 is a process diagram showing a fertilizer manufacturing process in which excess sludge of the present invention is generated.
3 and 4 are electron micrographs of excess sludge applied to the present invention.
Figure 5 is a graph showing the EDX spectrum of the display point of the surplus sludge of Figure 4.
6 is a photograph showing specimens according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
7 is a graph showing the change in compressive strength according to the cement content in the experiment of the present invention.
8 is a graph showing the change in compressive strength according to whether or not additives are used in the experiment of the present invention.
9 is a graph showing changes in compressive strength depending on whether additives are used and whether fertilizer by-products are used in the experiment of the present invention.
10 is a graph showing the change in compressive strength according to the content of fertilizer by-products in the experiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the composition for mortar using the fertilizer by-product of the present invention will be described in detail.

The composition for mortar using the fertilizer by-product of the present invention,

100 parts by weight of cement;

800 to 1200 parts by weight of filler based on 100 parts by weight of the cement;

1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of additives based on 100 parts by weight of the cement;

It is obtained by dehydrating the surplus sludge generated in the fertilizer manufacturing process to make a cake and then pulverizing it, and includes 60 to 250 parts by weight of a fertilizer by-product relative to 100 parts by weight of the cement.

The fertilizer by-products will be described again as follows.

2 shows an improved organic waste treatment process.

Referring to the drawing, the organic waste stored in the storage hopper is crushed in the crusher, and impurities are sorted, the remaining waste is put into the dehydrator and dehydrated, and the solid material remaining after dehydration is mixed with sawdust in the fermenter and fermented. After ripening at the post-aging unit and crushing again at the crusher, foreign materials are sorted out, and the remaining raw materials are packaged and shipped.

In addition, the desorbed liquid remaining after dehydration treatment in the dehydrator is physically and chemically separated into a solid and a liquid after the process water is added, and the liquid is treated with sewage. It may be defined as a "fertilizer by-product", and what further includes contaminants selected by preferentially crushing organic waste here may be defined as a "fertilizer by-product".

That is, the term "fertilizer by-product" used in the present invention means that solid raw materials that have been normally landfilled except for solids used as fertilizer raw materials in the process of fertilizing organic waste are made into cake form and then pulverized. It should be said, and it contains a large amount of minerals.

In order to identify the components of these fertilizer by-products, surplus sludge was supplied from a parent fertilizer manufacturer in Ulsan and the components and particle shapes were analyzed.

3 and 4 are electron micrographs of the surplus sludge at different magnifications, and FIG. 5 shows the EDX spectrum of the surplus sludge.

Elemental components according to the spectrum of FIG. 5 are shown in Table 1.

Elemental analysis result of fertilizer by-products (unit: wt%) ingredient content O 39.53 F 19.25 Na 0.49 Mg 0.89 Al 2.28 Si 4.47 P 9.28 K 0.57 Ca 19.21 Fe 3.98

In the above configuration, it is determined that oxygen and fluorine are bonded to each element, and except for these two, calcium (Ca) is analyzed as having the most component, and in addition, phosphorus (P), silicon, iron, etc. are contained in large amounts. analyzed.

Therefore, in the present invention, the fertilizer by-product is characterized in that it contains 18 to 20% by weight of calcium, 2 to 3% by weight of aluminum, 4 to 5% by weight of silicon, and 3 to 5% by weight of iron.

In addition, after acid treatment of the fertilizer by-products, the presence of heavy metals was analyzed three times using ICP.

The analysis results are shown in Tables 2 to 4 below.

<1st round of heavy metal analysis, sample: 0.1027g> Test Items unit Test result detection limit Lead (Pb)

mg/L not detected 10 Cadmium (Cd) not detected 10 Mercury (Hg) not detected 10 Chromium (Cr) not detected 10 Arsenic (As) not detected 10 Copper (Cu) not detected 10

<2nd round of heavy metal analysis, sample: 0.1004g> Test Items unit Test result detection limit Lead (Pb)

mg/L not detected 10 Cadmium (Cd) not detected 10 Mercury (Hg) not detected 10 Chromium (Cr) not detected 10 Arsenic (As) not detected 10 Copper (Cu) not detected 10

<3rd round of heavy metal analysis, sample: 0.1039g> Test Items unit Test result detection limit Lead (Pb)

mg/L not detected 10 Cadmium (Cd) not detected 10 Mercury (Hg) not detected 10 Chromium (Cr) not detected 10 Arsenic (As) not detected 10 Copper (Cu) not detected 10

As a result of analysis over three times, six heavy metals were not detected, so it will be said that it can be used as a raw material for a composition for mortar.

Additives will be described in detail as follows.

The additive is characterized in that it comprises 1 to 3% by weight of organic acid, 5 to 10% by weight of sulfate, 3 to 5% by weight of sulfite, 5 to 10% by weight of carbonate, 5 to 10% by weight of phosphate, and the remaining amount of chloride. do.

In the above configuration, the organic acid may be made of any one selected from citric acid and malic acid.

The sulfate is composed of any one selected from magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, and the disulfate is composed of tetrasodium hydrogen sulfite.

The carbonate is composed of any one selected from potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate, and the phosphate is composed of sodium triphosphate.

Chloride consists of any one selected from a mixture of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride.

The composition of these additives serves to fill in the components lacking in strength expression and bonding strength among the components contained in the fertilizer by-products, and the mixed component of these two contributes greatly to the role of replacing cement.

The most preferred composition for mortar in the above configuration is characterized in that it consists of 5% by weight of fertilizer by-products, 8% by weight of cement, 0.16% by weight of additives, and the remaining amount of filler.

In this case, the mortar is applied for the manufacture of any one of a road base layer, a bicycle path, a brick, and a sidewalk block.

Hereinafter, Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention will be described.

Fertilizer by-products were prepared according to the composition of Table 1, and the additives were citric acid 2% by weight, magnesium sulfate 7% by weight, sodium hydrogen sulfite 3% by weight, potassium carbonate 6% by weight, sodium triphosphate 6% by weight, and the remaining amount of calcium chloride. composed.

As the filler, the soil excavated at a civil engineering site in Ulsan was collected and filtered, and those with a particle size of 1 to 4 mm were selected and used.

Table 5 below shows the compounding ratio of the compositions according to Examples and Comparative Examples.

<Combination ratio of Examples and Comparative Examples> Classification (Psalm number) Fertilizer by-product filler cement additive Sum Comparative Example 1 (1) - 92.00 8.00 - 100.00 Comparative Example 2 (2) - 85.00 15.00 - 100.00 Comparative Example 3 (3) - 91.84 8.00 0.16 100.00 Comparative Example 4 (4) - 84.84 15.00 0.16 100.00 Comparative Example 5 (5) - 94.84 5.00 0.16 100.00 Example 1 (6) 5.00 86.84 8.00 0.16 100.00 Example 2(7) 10.00 81.84 8.00 0.16 100.00 Example 3 (8) 15.00 76.84 8.00 0.16 100.00 Example 4(9) 20.00 71.84 8.00 0.16 100.00

After uniformly adding water to the compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples, stirring to prepare a mortar, and then injecting and curing the mortar into a cylindrical formwork to prepare a cylindrical specimen (diameter 30mm, height 65mm).

As shown in FIG. 6, three specimens were prepared for each of the comparative examples and examples.

The uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens was measured and the average value was calculated.

Table 6 below shows the uniaxial compressive strength and average value for each specimen.

<Result of uniaxial compressive strength test> Classification (Psalm number) unit One 2 3 Average value (MPa) Comparative Example 1 (1) Mpa 1.98 2.28 2.45 2.24 Comparative Example 2 (2) 6.13 4.12 5.28 5.17 Comparative Example 3 (3) 2.75 2.68 2.55 2.66 Comparative Example 4 (4) 5.30 5.06 6.30 5.55 Comparative Example 5 (5) 2.54 2.29 1.80 2.21 Example 1 (6) 3.77 3.49 4.72 3.99 Example 2(7) 2.86 2.88 2.80 2.85 Example 3 (8) 2.96 3.99 3.46 3.47 Example 4(9) 2.86 3.66 3.13 3.22

<Comparison of uniaxial compressive strength according to the amount of cement>

Uniaxial compressive strength data of Specimen 1 (Comparative Example 1) and Specimen 2 (Comparative Example 2) (only the amount of cement differed by 8% and 15%, respectively, without additives) and Specimen 3 (Comparative Example 3) and Specimen 4 (Comparative Example) As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 7 when comparing the uniaxial compressive strength data of 4) (additive 0.16% is the same and only the amount of cement is 8% and 15%, respectively), the strength of 2 is higher than that of specimen 1, It can be seen that the strength of , 57% and 52% higher, respectively.

Therefore, it can be seen that the uniaxial compressive strength also increases as the content of cement increases.

<Comparison of uniaxial compressive strength with or without additives>

Uniaxial compressive strength data of Specimen 1 (Comparative Example 1) and Specimen 3 (Comparative Example 3) (the amount of cement is the same as 8%, and Specimen 1 without additives and Specimen 3 with additives) and Specimen 2 (Comparative Example 2) ) and the uniaxial compressive strength data of Specimen 4 (Comparative Example 4) (the amount of cement is the same as 15%, and Specimen 2 without additives and Specimen 4 with additives), as shown in FIG. As it can be seen that the strength of specimen 4 is 16% and 7% higher than that of specimen 2, respectively, it can be seen that the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen with the addition of additives is increased under the condition of the same cement content.

However, it is judged that the effect of the use of additives in enhancing the compressive strength is rather insignificant compared to the change in the cement content.

<Comparison of uniaxial compressive strength according to whether additives are used and whether or not fertilizer by-products are used>

Uniaxial compressive strength data (the amount of cement is the same as 8%) of Specimen 1 (Comparative Example 1), Specimen 3 (Comparative Example 3), and Specimens 6 to 9 (Examples 1 to 4), Specimen 1 without additives and additives (content When comparing specimen 3 (comparative example 3) with 0.16%) and specimens 6 to 9 with additives (content 0.16%) and fertilizer by-products (contents of fertilizer by-products are 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively) It can be seen that the strengths of Specimens 6 to 9 are 44%, 21%, 36%, 30%, respectively, 33%, 7%, 23%, and 17% higher than that of Specimen 3, respectively, compared to Specimen 1 and 3, respectively.

That is, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens added with fertilizer by-products tends to increase under the same conditions as the cement content and the additive content.

Compared with the sample without the additive (Specimen 1) , the sample with the fertilizer by-product and the additive showed an increase in strength of about 33% , and compared with the sample with the additive (Specimen 3) , as the fertilizer by-product was added, There was a 20% increase in strength.

The above results show that it can be applied to general arterial and branch roads in Europe and Asia as seen in the specification standards for soil cement for overseas road paving.

<Based on the specification of soil cement for overseas road pavement) By country　 Red 　 Use 　 Gi 　 Jun uniaxial compressive strength standard note England arterial 　 road 2.75 Mpa Frostbite Concern Area
3.15±0.35 MPa General　road 2.40 Mpa branch line 　 road 1.71 Mpa Australia General　road 2.40 Mpa Japan Less than 2000 units/day 1.96 Mpa Based on 1 day 　 traffic volume 　 2000-7500 units/day 2.45 Mpa 7500 units/day 　 or more 2.94 Mpa US Army Corps of Engineers
(7 days compressive strength) Flexible 　 Packaging 5.17 MPa the auxiliary layer
1.72 MPa Stiffness　Packing 3.45 MPa United States　California General　road 5.17 MPa 7 days 　 intensity

<Comparison of uniaxial compressive strength according to the content of fertilizer by-products>

Uniaxial compressive strength data of specimens 6 to 9 (Examples 1 to 4) (the contents of cement and additives are the same as 8% and 0.16%, respectively, and only the content of fertilizer by-products is 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. different) In comparison, it can be seen that the strength of specimen 6 (Example 1) is 29%, 13%, and 19% higher than that of specimens 7, 8, and 9, respectively, so when the content of cement and additives is the same, the content of fertilizer by-products is 5% It can be seen that the uniaxial compressive strength of the phosphorus specimen is the greatest.

Looking at the above results, in terms of strength, the system of soil + cement (15%) + additives shows the best strength, but this may indicate concerns that the surrounding environment may be polluted due to the high content of cement.

However, it has been shown that the system with fertilizer by-products maintains sufficient strength even when the amount of cement is only 8%, and this strength shows that it can be used as a base layer for bricks, sidewalk blocks and roads, not for general high strength. .

In addition, it will prove that the fertilizer by-products can be utilized for the manufacture of mortar for this purpose.

The composition for mortar using the fertilizer by-product according to the present invention can be used for various civil and construction purposes that satisfy the strength standards according to Table 6 in addition to the above-described road base layer, bicycle road, brick, and sidewalk block.

Claims (2)

In the composition for mortar,
100 parts by weight of cement;
800 to 1200 parts by weight of filler based on 100 parts by weight of the cement;
1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of additives based on 100 parts by weight of the cement;
It is obtained by dewatering the surplus sludge generated in the fertilizer manufacturing process to make a cake and then pulverizing it, and is composed of 60 to 250 parts by weight of a fertilizer by-product relative to 100 parts by weight of the cement;
The additive is characterized in that it consists of citric acid 2% by weight, magnesium sulfate 7% by weight, sodium hydrogen sulfite 3% by weight, potassium carbonate 6% by weight, sodium triphosphate 6% by weight, and the balance of calcium chloride,
A composition for mortar using a fertilizer by-product.
The method of claim 1,
The fertilizer by-product is characterized in that it contains 18 to 20% by weight of calcium, 2 to 3% by weight of aluminum, 4 to 5% by weight of silicon, and 3 to 5% by weight of iron,
A composition for mortar using a fertilizer by-product.

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