KR102291220B1 - unified fluidized bed gasification system for biomass - Google Patents

unified fluidized bed gasification system for biomass Download PDF

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KR102291220B1
KR102291220B1 KR1020210080250A KR20210080250A KR102291220B1 KR 102291220 B1 KR102291220 B1 KR 102291220B1 KR 1020210080250 A KR1020210080250 A KR 1020210080250A KR 20210080250 A KR20210080250 A KR 20210080250A KR 102291220 B1 KR102291220 B1 KR 102291220B1
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chamber
fluidized bed
pyrolysis
secondary combustion
biomass
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배영락
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배영락
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/503—Fuel charging devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to an all-in-one fluidized bed gasification system for biomass, comprising: a pyrolysis gasification chamber for primary combustion by forming a fluidized bed at a lower part thereof; and a secondary combustion chamber which communicates by having a division protrusion part on an upper side of the pyrolysis gasification chamber. The pyrolysis gasification chamber forms a lower inclined surface under the upper division protrusion part, forms a perforated plate at a lower part thereof, combines a supply chamber with a lower surface of the perforated plate, forms a fluidized bed on an upper surface of the perforated plate, and supplies high-temperature superheated steam and exhaust gas that maintain the minimum oxygen saturation to the supply chamber. Accordingly, superheated steam and exhaust gas maintain oxygen saturation of less than 3% and at the same time maintain a temperature of 400~500℃. Also, air is sprayed upwards from a discharge end of an air supply pipe, so there is no risk of accidents such as explosion, energy efficiency is maximized, and the configuration and structure is minimized due to a multi-stage combustor. Thus, the installation space and manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced. The present invention relates to an all-in-one fluidized bed gasification system for biomass in which a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a combustion chamber integrally and efficiently perform gasification and at the same time safe secondarily combustion can be performed.

Description

바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템{unified fluidized bed gasification system for biomass}Integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass

본 발명은 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템에 관한 것으로, 상세하게는 바이오매스 또는 폐 플라스틱 등을 안전하고 효율적으로 연소시킬 수 있도록 하되, 열분해 가스화실과 연소실을 일체로 형성하는 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass, and more particularly, an integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass that enables safe and efficient combustion of biomass or waste plastics, and forms a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a combustion chamber integrally is about

가스화란, 고체·액체 연료에 공기·산소·수증기·이산화탄소 등의 가스화제를 단독 또는 서로 배합하여 고온에서 작용시켜 수소·일산화탄소·메테인 등을 주성분으로 하며, 열효율이 높고 취급하기 쉬운 기체연료를 얻는 것을 말하는 것으로, 가스화는 석탄, 폐기물, 바이오매스 등의 연료에서 이루어질 수 있는데, 석탄을 예로 들면, 석탄을 고온, 고압 아래에서 수소와 일산화탄소를 주성분으로 한 합성가스로 전환한 뒤 합성가스 중에 포함된 분진과 황 화합물 등 유해물질을 제거하고 천연가스와 유사한 수준으로 정제하여 사용하게 된다. Gasification is a gaseous fuel with high thermal efficiency and easy handling, which consists of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc. as main components by mixing solid and liquid fuel with gasifiers such as air, oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide alone or by mixing them together and acting at high temperature. Gasification can be made from fuels such as coal, waste, and biomass. For example, coal is converted into syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components under high temperature and high pressure, and then included in syngas It is used after removing harmful substances such as dust and sulfur compounds and refining it to a level similar to that of natural gas.

가스화 기술은 초기에는 석탄 덩어리를 고정층 가스화기를 이용하여 편리하게 가스연료 또는 합성 가스를 제조하는 목적으로 시작되었고, 근래에는 대부분 유동층 가스화 또는 미분탄에 대한 분류층 가스화 등의 방향으로 발전하고 있으며, 상업적으로는 대부분 분류층 가스화 기술을 적용하고 있다. 최근에는 유동층 가스화 기술의 대형화 및 고정층 가스화 기술에서 문제점으로 지적되는 타르 발생을 최소화하여 청정화하는 방향으로 추진되고 있을 뿐 아니라 최근에 이용되고 있는 가스화 공정은 반응 및 생성물의 목적에 따라 가스화기 및 조업조건이 결정되며 가스화기의 종류에 따라 분류층(Entrained bed), 유동층(Fluidized bed), 이동층/고정층(Moving/Fixed bed)으로 나눌 수 있다.Gasification technology was initially started for the purpose of conveniently manufacturing gas fuel or syngas using a fixed bed gasifier for coal lumps, and in recent years, most have been developed in the direction of fluidized bed gasification or fractionated bed gasification of pulverized coal, etc., and commercially Most of these countries use fractionated bed gasification technology. Recently, the flow of fluidized bed gasification technology has been enlarged and the fixed bed gasification technology has been promoted in the direction of cleaning by minimizing the generation of tar, which is pointed out as a problem. This is determined and can be divided into entrained bed, fluidized bed, and moving/fixed bed depending on the type of gasifier.

종래의 기술로는 종래 기술로는 주로 연소 성능을 향상시키기 위한 공기 제공 및 연소실 설계 방법(대한민국등록특허공보 제10-0955591호, 대한민국 농촌진흥청), 높은 열효율을 갖게 하는 2단 연소방법(대한민국공개특허공보 제10-2006-0044509호, 자이단호징 덴료쿠추오켄큐쇼) 등 이미 다양한 기술이 개발되어 있는 가스화 장치 및 발전장치 뿐만아니라 이를 보다 효율적인 하나의 시스템으로 형성하기 위해서는 에너지 효율이 뛰어나고 안전하며 원활하고 안정적으로 운영할 수 있는 발전한 기술의 개발이 지속적으로 욕구되어 왔다In the prior art, as the prior art, mainly the air supply and combustion chamber design method for improving combustion performance (Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-0955591, Rural Development Administration of the Republic of Korea), a two-stage combustion method with high thermal efficiency (Korea Publication) Patent Publication No. 10-2006-0044509, Zaidan Hojing Denryoku Chuo Kenkyusho), as well as gasifiers and power generation devices that have already been developed in various technologies, as well as in order to form them into a more efficient system, it is highly energy efficient, safe and smooth. There has been a continuous need for the development of advanced technology that can be operated and operated stably.

본 발명의 주 목적은 열분해 가스화실과 연소실을 일체로 효율적으로 연료를 가스화함과 동시에 안전하게 2차 연소할 수 있도록 유도하는 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템을 제공하는 데 있다.A main object of the present invention is to provide an integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass that efficiently gasifies fuel and safely performs secondary combustion by integrating a pyrolysis gasification chamber and a combustion chamber.

본 발명의 따른 목적은 바이오매스 또는 폐 플라스틱 등을 다양한 연료를 효율적으로 가스화하여 연소시킬 수 있도록 하는 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템을 제공하는 데 있다.It is an object of the present invention to provide an integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass that can efficiently gasify and burn various fuels such as biomass or waste plastic.

상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명의 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템은 하부에 유동층을 형성하여 1차 연소하는 열분해 가스화실과, 열분해 가스화실의 상측에 구획돌출부를 돌출시켜 연통시키는 2차 연소실과, 상기 열분해 가스화실에 바이오매스 또는 폐 플라스틱을 공급하는 연료공급부, 및 2차 연소실에 형성하여 열교환 하는 보일러 번들로 구성하되, 열분해 가스화실은 상부 구획돌출부의 하측으로 하부 경사면을 형성하고 하부에 타공플레이트를 형성하며 타공플레이트의 저면에 공급챔버를 결합하되 타공플레이트의 상면에 유동층을 형성하고 공급챔버에는 최소의 산소 포화도를 유지하는 400~500℃의 과열증기와 배기가스를 공급하도록 구성한 것을 그 기술적 구성상 기본 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass of the present invention includes a pyrolysis gasification chamber in which a fluidized bed is formed in the lower portion to perform primary combustion, and a secondary combustion chamber in which a partition protrusion is projected on the upper side of the pyrolysis gasification chamber to communicate; It consists of a fuel supply unit for supplying biomass or waste plastic to the pyrolysis gasification chamber, and a boiler bundle that is formed in the secondary combustion chamber to exchange heat, the pyrolysis gasification chamber forming a lower inclined surface below the upper division protrusion and a perforated plate at the lower portion Forming and combining the supply chamber on the bottom surface of the perforated plate, forming a fluidized bed on the upper surface of the perforated plate, and supplying the supply chamber with superheated steam and exhaust gas at 400~500°C maintaining the minimum oxygen saturation. as a basic feature.

따라서 본 발명의 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템은 유동층의 하부로 고온의 과열증기와 배기가스를 공급하여 에너지 효율을 증대시키도록 함과 동시에 산소 포화도를 최소화하므로 안전사고의 발생을 억제하도록 하는 것으로, 특히 과열증기와 배기가스는 3% 미만의 산소포화도를 유지함과 동시에 400~500℃의 온도를 유지함과 동시에 공기 공급관의 토출단에서 공기를 상향으로 분사하므로 폭발 등의 안전사고의 우려가 없고 에너지 효율을 극대화할 뿐만 아니라 다단연소기로 인하여 구성 및 구조의 간단히 함은 물론 크기를 최소로 줄여주므로 설치공간 및 제작비를 현저히 줄일 수 있는 효과가 있다.Therefore, the integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass of the present invention supplies high-temperature superheated steam and exhaust gas to the lower part of the fluidized bed to increase energy efficiency and at the same time minimize oxygen saturation to suppress the occurrence of safety accidents, In particular, the superheated steam and exhaust gas maintain oxygen saturation of less than 3% and at the same time maintain a temperature of 400~500℃, and at the same time spray air upwards from the discharge end of the air supply pipe, so there is no risk of safety accidents such as explosion and energy efficiency. The multi-stage combustor not only maximizes the structure and reduces the size to a minimum, but also has the effect of significantly reducing the installation space and manufacturing cost.

도 1 은 본 발명에 따른 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템 전체를 나타낸 구성도.
도 2 는 본 발명에 따른 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템의 가스화실을 확대하여 나타낸 단면도.1 is a block diagram showing the entire integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass according to the present invention.
2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the gasification chamber of the integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass according to the present invention.

이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하면서 본 발명의 실시 예를 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1 과 도 2 에 나타낸 바와 같이, 본 발명의 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템은 열분해 가스화실(110)의 상부에 2차 연소실(120)을 형성하는 다단 연소기(100)와, 상기 다단연소기(100)의 2차 연소실(120)에 연통시키는 이코노마이저(200)와, 상기 이코노마이저(200)에 연통시키는 반건식 반응탑(300)과, 상기 반건식 반응탑(300)에 연통시키는 여과집진기(400), 및 상기 열분해 가스화기(100)의 열분해 가스화실(110)에 연통시키는 과열증기발생기(500)로 구성한다.1 and 2, the integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass of the present invention includes a multi-stage combustor 100 that forms a secondary combustion chamber 120 on an upper portion of the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110, and the multi-stage combustor ( 100) an economizer 200 communicating with the secondary combustion chamber 120, a semi-dry reaction tower 300 communicating with the economizer 200, and a filter dust collector 400 communicating with the semi-dry reaction tower 300, and a superheated steam generator 500 communicating with the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 of the pyrolysis gasifier 100 .

상기 다단연소기(100)는 하부에 유동층(112)을 형성하여 1차 연소하는 열분해 가스화실(110)과, 상기 열분해 가스화실(110)에 상측에 좁은 협로 연통시켜 형성하는 2차 연소실(120)과, 상기 열분해 가스화실(110)에 바이오매스 등을 공급하는 연료공급부(130), 및 2차 연소실(120)에 형성하여 열교환 하는 보일러 번들(140)로 구성한다.The multi-stage combustor 100 includes a pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 for primary combustion by forming a fluidized bed 112 at the lower portion, and a secondary combustion chamber 120 formed by communicating with the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 through a narrow narrow path on the upper side. and a fuel supply unit 130 for supplying biomass, etc. to the pyrolysis and gasification chamber 110, and a boiler bundle 140 formed in the secondary combustion chamber 120 for heat exchange.

상기 열분해 가스화실(110)은 상부에 모래시계 형상으로 구획돌출부(116)를 중심점으로 돌출시켜 하측으로 하부 경사면(117)을 형성하고 중심점으로 가스 통로를 형성시키되 하부에 타공플레이트(111)를 형성하고 타공플레이트(111)의 하부에 공급챔버(114)를 결합한다. The pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 projects the partition protrusion 116 in the shape of an hourglass on the upper part to the central point to form a lower inclined surface 117 to the lower side, and forms a gas passage as the central point, and a perforated plate 111 is formed in the lower part. and the supply chamber 114 is coupled to the lower portion of the perforated plate 111 .

여기서 타공플레이트(111)의 상면에 유동사 등을 적재하여 유동층(112)을 형성하고 공급챔버(114)에는 최소의 산소포화도를 유지하는 400~500℃의 과열증기와 배기가스를 공급하는 유입라인(115)을 연통시키되 유동층(112)의 상부 일측으로 1차 연소용 버너(113)를 설치하여 1차 연소로 바이오매스 등의 연료를 열분해 하여 가스화하도록 함이 이상적이다.Here, a fluidized bed 112 is formed by loading fluidized sand on the upper surface of the perforated plate 111 and the supply chamber 114 is supplied with superheated steam and exhaust gas of 400 to 500° C. that maintains the minimum oxygen saturation. It is ideal to pyrolyze and gasify fuel, such as biomass, in the primary combustion by installing a burner 113 for primary combustion on one side of the upper side of the fluidized bed 112 while communicating 115 .

상기 2차 연소실(120)은 열분해 가스화실(100)의 구획돌출부(116)로 형성한 상부 경사면(121)에 공기 공급관(122)의 토출단을 결합하여 상측으로 2차 연소를 위한 공기를 원활하고 효율적으로 공급할 수 있도록 하되 최상의 위치에 2차 연소용 버너(123)를 설치함이 바람직하다.The secondary combustion chamber 120 combines the discharge end of the air supply pipe 122 to the upper inclined surface 121 formed by the division protrusion 116 of the pyrolysis and gasification chamber 100 to smooth the air for secondary combustion upward. And it is preferable to install the burner 123 for secondary combustion in the best position so that it can be efficiently supplied.

상기 연료공급부(130)는 열분해 가스화실(100)의 구획돌출부(116)로 형성한 하부 경사면(117)에 연료공급관(134)을 경사지게 결합하고 연료공급관(134)에 바이오매스 등의 연료를 공급하는 호퍼(131)를 결합하되 연료공급관(134)에 이송스크루(132)를 삽입하고 이송스크루(132)를 제어하는 구동모터(133)를 구비한다.The fuel supply unit 130 obliquely couples the fuel supply pipe 134 to the lower inclined surface 117 formed by the division protrusion 116 of the pyrolysis gasification chamber 100 and supplies fuel such as biomass to the fuel supply pipe 134 . The hopper 131 is coupled, but a driving motor 133 for inserting the transfer screw 132 into the fuel supply pipe 134 and controlling the transfer screw 132 is provided.

상기 보일러 번들(140)은 2차 연소실(120) 내부 일측에 설치하고 통상의 히터(141)를 구비한다.The boiler bundle 140 is installed on one side inside the secondary combustion chamber 120 and includes a conventional heater 141 .

상기 이코노마이저(200)는 2차 연소실(120)에 배기 측에 연통시켜 보일러 번들(140)을 통과한 연소 배기가스의 남은 열을 이용하여 급수 등을 가열하도록 하므로 시스템의 효율을 향상시켜 연료를 절약하도록 함이 바람직하다.The economizer 200 communicates with the exhaust side of the secondary combustion chamber 120 to heat feed water using the remaining heat of the combustion exhaust gas that has passed through the boiler bundle 140 to improve the efficiency of the system and save fuel. It is preferable to do so.

상기 반건식 반응탑(300)은 이코노마이저(200)의 배출 측에 연통시켜 연소과정에서 발생하는 유해가스를 중화제 등으로 미세 분무 내지 흡수시켜 유해가스를 제거하도록 한다.The semi-dry reaction tower 300 communicates with the discharge side of the economizer 200 to remove the harmful gas by finely spraying or absorbing the harmful gas generated in the combustion process with a neutralizing agent or the like.

상기 여과집진기(400)는 반건식 반응탑(300)의 배출 측에 연통시켜 배출가스에 포함되는 분진입자를 필터 여과재를 통해서 여과하여 가스와 분진을 분리시키도록 하되 반건식반응탑(300)의 배출측에 연통할 때 리액터(402)를 구비하도록 한다.The filter dust collector 400 communicates with the discharge side of the semi-dry reaction tower 300 to filter the dust particles included in the exhaust gas through a filter medium to separate the gas and dust, but the discharge side of the semi-dry reaction tower 300 When communicating with the reactor 402 is to be provided.

상기 과열증기발생기(500)는 과열증기의 온도를 400~500℃로 생성하여 공급하되 산소포화도를 3%로 미만 상태로 공급함이 바람직하다.The superheated steam generator 500 generates and supplies the temperature of the superheated steam at 400 to 500° C., but it is preferable to supply it with an oxygen saturation of less than 3%.

이러한 본 발명의 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템은 버너(113)를 점화하여 유동사 등으로 이루어진 유동층(112)을 가열하고 열분해 가스화실(110) 내부로 바이오매스 또는 폐 플라스틱 등의 연료를 투입하여 열분해로 가연성 가스를 생성하도록 한다.The integrated fluidized bed gasification system of the present invention ignites the burner 113 to heat the fluidized bed 112 made of fluidized sand, etc., and injects fuel such as biomass or waste plastic into the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 to be combustible by pyrolysis. to generate gas.

이때 타공플레이트(111)의 상면에 유동사 등을 적재한 유동층(112)의 하부로 고온의 과열증기와 배기가스를 공급하는 에너지 효율을 증대시키도록 함과 동시에 산소 포화도를 최소화하므로 안전사고의 발생을 억제하도록 한다.At this time, the energy efficiency of supplying high-temperature superheated steam and exhaust gas to the lower part of the fluidized bed 112 in which fluidized sand is loaded on the upper surface of the perforated plate 111 is increased, and at the same time, the oxygen saturation is minimized, so that a safety accident occurs. to suppress

상기와 같이, 열분해 가스화실(110)에서 바이오매스 또는 폐 플라스틱 등의 열분해로 생성시킨 가연성 가스는 압력 상승 등으로 구획돌출부(116)로 형성한 중앙 통로를 통해 상측의 2차 연소실(120)로 이동함과 동시에 버너(123)를 점화하고 공기 공급관(122)의 토출단에서 공기를 상향으로 분사하므로 안전하고 효율적으로 2차 연소할 수 있도록 한다.As described above, the combustible gas generated by pyrolysis of biomass or waste plastic in the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 is transferred to the upper secondary combustion chamber 120 through the central passage formed by the partition protrusion 116 due to pressure rise, etc. As it moves, the burner 123 is ignited and air is ejected upwardly from the discharge end of the air supply pipe 122, so that secondary combustion can be safely and efficiently performed.

따라서 2차 연소에 따른 열에너지는 보일러 번들(140)에 전도되고 상수를 히팅하여 다양한 용도로 에너지원으로 사용할 수 있는 것이다.Therefore, the thermal energy according to the secondary combustion is conducted to the boiler bundle 140 and can be used as an energy source for various purposes by heating the constant.

특히 본 발명은 과열증기와 배기가스는 3% 미만의 산소포화도를 유지함과 동시에 400~500℃의 온도를 유지함과 동시에 공기 공급관(122)의 토출단에서 공기를 상향으로 분사하므로 폭발 등의 안전사고의 우려가 없고 에너지 효율을 극대화할 뿐만 아니라 다단연소기(100)로 인하여 구성 및 구조의 간단히 함은 물론 최소화하므로 설치공간 및 제작비를 현저히 줄일 수 있는 것이다.In particular, in the present invention, the superheated steam and exhaust gas maintain oxygen saturation of less than 3% and at the same time maintain a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C. At the same time, air is sprayed upward from the discharge end of the air supply pipe 122, so safety accidents such as explosion There is no concern of not only maximizing energy efficiency, but also simplifying and minimizing the configuration and structure due to the multi-stage combustor 100, so that the installation space and manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced.

이상의 설명은 본 발명을 예시적으로 설명한 것이고, 명세서에 게시된 실시 예는 본 발명의 기술사상을 한정하기 위한 것이 아니라 설명하기 위한 것이므로 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 본 발명의 기술사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위에서 다양한 수정과 변형 또는 단계의 치환 등이 가능할 것이다. 그러므로 본 발명의 보호범위는 청구범위에 기재된 사항에 의해 해석되고, 그와 균등한 범위 내에 있는 기술적 사항도 본 발명의 권리범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 할 것이다.The above description is illustrative of the present invention, and the embodiments published in the specification are intended to explain, not to limit the technical idea of the present invention, so those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Various modifications, transformations, or substitutions of steps will be possible within the scope not departing from the technical idea of Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is to be interpreted by the matters described in the claims, and technical matters within the scope equivalent thereto should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

1 : 유동화시스템 100 : 다단연소기
110 : 열분해 가스화실 111 : 타공플레이트
112 : 유동층 113 : 버너
114 : 공급챔버 115 : 유입라인
116 : 구획 돌출부 117 : 경사면
120 : 2차 연소실 121 : 경사면
122 : 공기공급관 123 : 버너
130 : 연료공급부 131 : 호퍼
132 : 공급스크루 133 : 구동모터
140 : 보일러 번들 141 : 히터
200 : 이코노마이저(economizer)300 : 반건식 반응탑(SDR:Semi-Dry Reactor)
400 : 여과집진기 401 : 배기가스관
402 : 리액터(reactor) 500 : 과열증기발생기
501 : 과열증기관1: fluidization system 100: multi-stage combustor
110: pyrolysis gasification chamber 111: perforated plate
112: fluidized bed 113: burner
114: supply chamber 115: inlet line
116: division protrusion 117: inclined surface
120: secondary combustion chamber 121: inclined surface
122: air supply pipe 123: burner
130: fuel supply 131: hopper
132: supply screw 133: drive motor
140: boiler bundle 141: heater
200: economizer 300: semi-dry reaction tower (SDR: Semi-Dry Reactor)
400: filter dust collector 401: exhaust gas pipe
402: reactor 500: superheated steam generator
501: superheated steam engine

Claims (4)

열분해 가스화실(110)의 상부에 2차 연소실(120)을 형성하는 다단 연소기(100)와, 상기 다단연소기(100)의 2차 연소실(120)에 연통시키는 이코노마이저(200)와, 상기 이코노마이저(200)에 연통시키는 반건식 반응탑(300)과, 상기 반건식 반응탑(300)에 연통시키는 여과집진기(400), 및 상기 열분해 가스화기(100)의 열분해 가스화실(110)에 연통시키고 공급되는 과열증기의 산소포화도를 3% 미만으로 유지하는 과열증기발생기(500)로 구성하되,
상기 다단연소기(100)는 하부에 유동층(112)을 형성하여 1차 연소하는 열분해 가스화실(110)과, 상기 열분해 가스화실(110)에 상측에 구획돌출부(116)를 중심점으로 돌출시켜 중심부를 상하로 연통시키는 2차 연소실(120)과, 상기 열분해 가스화실(110)에 연료를 주입하는 연료공급부(130), 및 상기 2차 연소실(120)에 형성하여 열교환 하는 보일러 번들(140)로 구성하고,
상기 2차 연소실(120)은 열분해 가스화실(100)의 구획돌출부(116)로 형성한 상부 경사면(121)에 공기 공급관(122)의 토출단을 결합하여 중심부 상향으로 공기를 분사하도록 하고 2차 연소용 버너(123)를 구비하여 구성하며, 상기 연료공급부(130)는 열분해 가스화실(100)의 구획돌출부(116)로 형성한 하부 경사면(117)에 연료공급관(134)을 경사지게 결합하고 연료공급관(134)에 이송스크루(132)를 삽입하며, 상기 보일러 번들(140)은 2차 연소실(120)의 내부에 설치하되 히터(141)를 구비하여 구성한 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템.
A multi-stage combustor 100 forming a secondary combustion chamber 120 in the upper portion of the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110, and an economizer 200 communicating with the secondary combustion chamber 120 of the multi-stage combustor 100, and the economizer ( 200), the semi-dry reaction tower 300 communicates with the semi-dry reaction tower 300, the filter dust filter 400 communicates with the semi-dry reaction tower 300, and the pyrolysis gasifier 100 communicates with the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 and the superheat supplied It consists of a superheated steam generator 500 that maintains the oxygen saturation of the steam at less than 3%,
The multi-stage combustor 100 includes a pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 for primary combustion by forming a fluidized bed 112 at the lower portion, and a partition protrusion 116 on the upper side of the pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 to protrude as a central point to form a central point. A secondary combustion chamber 120 communicating vertically, a fuel supply unit 130 for injecting fuel into the pyrolysis and gasification chamber 110, and a boiler bundle 140 for heat exchange formed in the secondary combustion chamber 120 do,
The secondary combustion chamber 120 combines the discharge end of the air supply pipe 122 to the upper inclined surface 121 formed by the partition protrusion 116 of the pyrolysis and gasification chamber 100 to inject air toward the center of the secondary combustion chamber. The combustion burner 123 is provided, and the fuel supply unit 130 is inclinedly coupled to the fuel supply pipe 134 to the lower inclined surface 117 formed by the division protrusion 116 of the pyrolysis and gasification chamber 100, and the fuel Inserting a transfer screw 132 into the supply pipe 134, the boiler bundle 140 is installed in the secondary combustion chamber 120, but equipped with a heater 141 for biomass, characterized in that the integrated fluidized bed gasification system.
 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 열분해 가스화실(110)은 상부 구획돌출부(116)의 하측으로 하부 경사면(117)을 형성하고, 하부에 타공플레이트(111)를 형성하며 타공플레이트(111)의 하부에 공급챔버(114)를 결합하되 타공플레이트(111)의 상면에 유동층(112)을 형성하고 공급챔버(114)에는 최소의 산소포화도를 유지하는 400~500℃의 과열증기와 배기가스를 공급하는 유입라인(115)을 연통시켜 구성한 것을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스용 일체형 유동층 가스화 시스템.
The method of claim 1,
The pyrolysis gasification chamber 110 forms a lower inclined surface 117 to the lower side of the upper division protrusion 116, a perforated plate 111 is formed at the lower portion, and a supply chamber 114 is provided at the lower portion of the perforated plate 111. Combined but forming a fluidized bed 112 on the upper surface of the perforated plate 111, and in the supply chamber 114, the inlet line 115 for supplying superheated steam and exhaust gas of 400 to 500 ° C that maintains a minimum oxygen saturation is communicated. An integrated fluidized bed gasification system for biomass, characterized in that it is constructed by
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