KR102264872B1 - Display Panel and Method of Driving the Same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate, and a partition wall defining a unit pixel area formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. Including, wherein the unit pixel area includes a plurality of first particles representing a first color, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a third particle each dispersed in a fluid a plurality of fourth particles having a color of 4, wherein each of the plurality of first particles and the second particles has both a positive charge and a negative charge in one particle, and the amounts of the positive and negative charges are different from each other, and the plurality of Display panel structure and reflection mode made of a composite material, characterized in that the first and second particles of the upper electrode are vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode to realize full color of four colors; It relates to a method for driving the shielding mode or transmission mode conversion possible.

Description

Display panel structure and driving method thereof

The present invention provides a display panel made of a composite material capable of selectively reflecting, shielding, and transmitting light incident from the outside using the structure of particles and electrical behavior characteristics according to the charge of the particles, and capable of implementing various colors, and It relates to a driving method thereof.

1A and 1B are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure of a display panel in which a shielding mode (a) and a transmission mode (b) of a conventional variable transmittance display are implemented, respectively.

A typical example to which a conventional variable transmittance display panel is applied is, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , at least two electrodes 104 and 106 are asymmetrically patterned on the upper 105 and lower substrate 100 to apply an electric field. It has a panel structure in which ink in which positive or negatively charged fine particles 103 are dispersed in a transparent fluid 102 in a unit cell or sub-cell is filled.

When an electric field is generated by a voltage applied from the outside to the two electrodes 104 and 106 in the unit pixel or subcell of FIGS. 1A and 1B, a voltage opposite to the polarity of the charge of the particles 103 is applied. shows the electrophoretic properties of moving to At this time, when the particles 103 are positioned on the upper electrode 104 having a relatively large area, the light 107 incident from the outside is absorbed by the particles 103 as shown in FIG. 1(a). When the particles 103 are shielded (absorbed) and positioned with the patterned electrode 106 in a relatively narrow area, light incident from the outside is transmitted except for the region where the particles 103 are concentrated, as shown in FIG. 1( b ). becomes

The panel structure of FIGS. 1A and 1B enables simple information display when selectively on/off control of subcells, but the difference between the contrast ratio between the shielded state and the transmitted state is not large, and the grayscale range is not wide, so it is useful for displaying clear and complex images or information. Constraints follow.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating a panel structure of a display capable of a conventional shielding mode/reflective mode/transmissive mode.

2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D show that at least three electrodes 204 and 206 are patterned within a unit pixel or subcell and are charged with opposite signs and are dispersed in a transparent fluid 202 with contrasting colors. It is a diagram showing the structure and driving method of a panel capable of performing all of the shielding mode/reflective mode/transmissive mode functions by using the particles 203 and 208 with

In order to perform the shielding mode or absorption mode, as shown in Fig. 2(a), particles 203 having a function of absorbing and blocking the light 207 incident from the outside are positioned as the upper electrode 204 to It performs the function of absorption mode. If the direction of the electric field applied in FIG. 2(a) is changed, the particles 208 having opposite signs of charge are located on the upper electrode 204. At this time, the light 207 incident from the outside is the The function of the reflection mode is performed in a way that absorbs and reflects visible light in a specific wavelength band according to the color that stands out on the surface, and shows the color by the color of the particles 208 as shown in FIG. 2(b).

In addition, referring to FIG. 2D , the particles 208 are not located on the upper substrate 205 and only the two patterned electrodes 206 of the lower substrate 200 are charged with opposite signs of the particles 203 and 208 . ), light is transmitted to areas other than the two electrodes 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200 as shown in FIG. 2(d) to perform the function of the transmission mode. However, in order to implement the transmission mode, as shown in FIG. 2( c ), two types of particles having different polarities are positioned on the upper electrode 204 and then sequentially move to the two electrodes 206 of the lower substrate 200 . Due to this need, it takes a lot of time to update the image or information, and a very complicated driving method is required.

In addition, when the transmission mode is performed according to FIGS. 2C and 2D, the transmittance is relatively lowered as the area occupied by the electrode 206 patterned on the lower substrate 200 is wide compared to the panel structure shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. have the problem of being

In the conventional techniques shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the width of the patterned electrode must be narrowed in order to set the variable transmittance wide and to improve the transmittance. As the width of the electrode decreases, the driving voltage decreases as the resistance increases. It increases, and heat generation and short circuit of the electrode are caused according to the increased applied voltage, so that there are many restrictions in patterning the electrode.

3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of a conventional display panel that implements a shielding mode/reflective mode/transmissive mode by using the dielectrophoretic properties of particles and fluids.

3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are views showing the structure and driving method of a display panel using a dielectrophoresis phenomenon in which the dipole is drawn in a strong direction when the dipole is placed in a non-uniform electric field, and FIGS. 1 and 2 It is one of the techniques presented in the prior art in order to solve the problems of the techniques shown in .

The display panel according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D gives at least one type of particle a positive charge and uses particles having a contrasting color, and shows a difference in permittivity from the particles. It has a panel structure in which the unit pixel or subcell is filled by dispersing it in a transparent fluid. In this case, the structure of the electrode in the unit pixel or sub-cell is different from the electrode structure of FIG. 2 , and there is no need to asymmetrically pattern the two electrodes of the upper/lower substrate in the unit pixel or sub-cell.

In the technique shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D, when a sufficient voltage (threshold voltage) for electrophoresis of particles is applied from the outside and an electric field is formed, the charged particles 303 and 308 are shown in FIG. As shown in 3a and 3b, the particles move to the upper 304 to the lower electrode 306 to which the voltage of the opposite sign to the polarity of the particles is applied, and at this time, the shielding mode depends on the color of the particles located on the upper electrode 304. (or absorption mode) and reflection mode.

That is, the shielding mode performs the shielding mode function by absorbing or reflecting the light 307 incident from the outside without passing it through (309), and the reflection mode absorbs and reflects the visible light wavelength band of a specific region according to the color of the particles. It functions as a reflection mode. If a high voltage greater than the threshold voltage at which the particles can undergo electrophoresis is applied at high frequency, the particles move irregularly due to the dielectrophoretic phenomenon caused by the non-uniform electric field and are gradually positioned at the edge of the unit pixel or sub-cell. Light incident from the outside may be transmitted through a region other than a region in which particles are aggregated in the subcell to perform a function of a transmission mode. However, particles or transparent fluids with high dielectric constant used to maximize the dielectrophoretic phenomenon and high voltage and high frequency applied to the panel cause a large amount of current consumed by the panel during operation, and decrease in lifespan due to friction and impact between particles. There are accelerating problems.

In addition, in order to perform the shielding mode and reflection mode functions again, the particles that are agglomerated by being located at the edge of the unit pixel or subcell by high voltage and high frequency are aged to a driving voltage higher than the particle threshold voltage and electrically dispersed again in the fluid. As this is necessary, the reliability and reproducibility of electrical/optical properties are caused along with a decrease in the lifetime of the particles.

In addition, it takes a relatively long time to update an image or information according to a complicated driving method due to the driving characteristics that must be applied by combining the difference between the low frequency and the high frequency with the difference in the applied voltage, and it is not only used in the panel but also in the driving unit such as the driving board. There is a problem in that power consumption increases.

In addition, since a high-performance driving chip is required to generate and control a complex driving waveform as shown in FIG. 3D, manufacturing cost increases.

3E is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a transparent display panel with variable transmittance by using the electrorheological properties of particles.

Referring to FIG. 3E , when an electric field is generated, the particle 302 exhibits a transmission mode by forming a chain by an electric polarization phenomenon.

The property of electrorheology results from the phenomenon of electrical polarization of charged or neutral particles. When an electric field is generated by applying a voltage between two electrodes, positively charged protons are aligned in the direction of the cathode and negatively charged electrons are aligned in the direction of the opposite electrode, and this phenomenon is called polarization. When an electric field is formed, if there are many polarized particles in the electrorheological fluid and the particles have a spherical shape, as shown in FIG. 3E , the following process proceeds. First, when an electric field is generated, positive charges are arranged on the top of the particle and negative charges are arranged on the bottom of the particle. At this time, the two different particles show completely different movements depending on the angle of their approach. If one particle approaches the bottom of another particle and is arranged close to perpendicular to the direction of the dipole, the positive pole of the particle meets the negative pole of the other particle and has an attractive force to attract each other. Conversely, if one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the lower negative pole will be placed side by side with the negative pole of the other particle and the upper positive pole will be placed side by side with the positive electrode of the other particle, and the two particles will have repulsive force, that is, repulsive force. The attraction or repulsive force is determined by the angle at which the particles approach each other. The polarized particles, which were moved by attraction and repulsion in this way, gradually receive the force of attraction and begin to approach, eventually forming a particle chain connected from the end of the electrode plate to the end. After several single chains are formed in this way, the single chain moves to another adjacent chain and is connected to form a thick column, and this process is repeated to form a thicker column. This is called particle aggregation.

The aggregation of charged particles in an electric field or chain formation by electric polarization is due to the dipole-dipole interaction of particles having a dipole moment.

The particles 302 shown in FIG. 3E become polarized only when an electric field is applied, and when polarized, they form a chain structure without being biased toward the upper or lower portions of the electrode. behavioral characteristics cannot be exhibited.

In particular, in order to lower the power consumption and improve the lifespan of the electrophoretic display, bistableness of maintaining the position of the final particles even when the voltage is cut off by adjusting the viscosity of the fluid is required. However, if the bistable is given, the polarization It is difficult for the particles to be electrically dispersed in the fluid back to their pre-drive state or to move to the upper or lower electrodes, making it impossible to implement a shielding mode that blocks light incident from the outside.

Even if there is no bis-stability, the time for implementing the shielding mode is not constant, and since it is difficult to electrically control the dispersion state of the particles, the shielding rate is not constant. In addition, due to the polarized particles starting to be polarized from the moment they are exposed to an electric field, the response time and the driving voltage for driving are higher than the physically positively and negatively charged particles applied to the present invention.

US Patent Publication No. 2006-0038772 (2006.02.23) US Patent Publication No. 2017-0097555 (2017.04.06) International Patent Publication No. 2006-015044 (2006. 02. 09)

Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C, 2009, 105, 213-246.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to disperse a plurality of particles that have positive and negative charges in one particle, and have contrasting colors and differences in charge amount, in a transparent fluid, so that the electrodes in the unit pixel or subcell are not patterned. Stable and reproducible shielding mode, reflection mode, or transmission mode can be implemented without complicated driving method by filling An object of the present invention is to provide a structure for a display panel made of a composite material capable of realizing a full color and a method for driving the same.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is a structure of a display panel made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors on the entire surface of a unit pixel without a color filter, and performing a transmission mode function, and a method for controlling the same is to provide

The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

A display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors of full color according to an embodiment of the present invention has an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, and one surface of the lower substrate a partition wall defining a unit pixel region formed between the lower electrode and the upper substrate and the lower substrate, wherein the unit pixel region includes a plurality of first particles and a second color dispersed in a fluid, respectively a plurality of second particles representing a color of , a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles representing a fourth color, wherein each of the plurality of first particles and second particles is one has both positive and negative charges in the particles, the amounts of positive and negative charges are different from each other, and the plurality of first and second particles are vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode 4 A full color of eggplant colors can be implemented.

A display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors of full color according to an embodiment of the present invention has an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate, and one surface of the lower substrate A binder layer comprising a lower electrode and a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, wherein each of the plurality of microcapsules is a plurality of first particles representing a first color dispersed in a fluid , a plurality of second particles exhibiting a second color, a plurality of third particles exhibiting a third color, and a plurality of fourth particles exhibiting a fourth color, wherein the plurality of first particles and second particles are included. Each has both positive and negative charges in one particle, the amounts of the positive and negative charges are different from each other, and the plurality of first and second particles are vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode. to realize the full color of 4 colors.

Each of the plurality of first particles and the second particles may have a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and the shell partially coated on the surface of the core and the core may have charges having opposite polarities.

The core of the first particle and the core of the second particle may have charges of opposite polarities, and the shell of the first particle and the shell of the second particle may have charges of opposite polarities.

In each of the plurality of first particles and second particles, a certain ratio of a cationic ligand and an anionic ligand may be bound to the surface of a polymer particle, a metal particle, or a metal compound particle having a functional group so that the cation and anion charge amounts have a certain ratio. .

The plurality of third particles representing the third color and the plurality of fourth particles representing the fourth color may have only one polarity of a positive charge or a negative charge in one particle.

In order to control the mode conversion of the display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode is patterned for each unit pixel on the lower substrate, and a driving voltage is applied. A reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode may be implemented by selectively controlling each unit pixel by adjusting the application time or the intensity of the driving voltage.

In order to control the mode conversion of the display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower electrode is patterned for each one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, , by selectively controlling the application time of the driving voltage or the intensity of the driving voltage for each unit microcapsule, it is possible to implement a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode.

The charge amount of the first and second particles is greater than that of the third and fourth particles, and the first and second particles have the same driving voltage and are relatively higher than the third and fourth particles. can have a low threshold voltage.

A display panel structure made of a composite material according to the present invention and a driving method thereof can implement a shielding mode, a reflective mode, or a transmissive mode, and when the transmittance mode is implemented, the unit pixel to sub-pixel so that the electric field is concentrated on a specific area Microelectrode patterning in the cell is not required, and the panel can be manufactured using the microcapsule method, so that the transmittance can be improved without increasing the driving voltage and lead resistance, and it has the advantage of simplifying the panel manufacturing process and reducing manufacturing cost.

The display panel structure and the driving method thereof according to the present invention can control the shielding mode, the reflection mode, and the transmission mode stably and reproducibly without applying a high voltage by a complex high frequency and a complicated driving waveform, so that a high-spec driving chip is not required. It has the advantage of lowering the strategy consumed on the board and lowering the manufacturing cost.

In the display panel structure and driving method thereof according to the present invention, one particle has both positive and negative charges even in a state where no electric field is applied, so high voltage/high frequency for polarizing the particles is not required. Since the process is simple, it is possible to shorten the update time of images or information without reducing the lifetime of the particles, and has the advantage of being able to expand the variable width of transmittance and the range of grayscales that can be implemented.

The display panel structure and the driving method thereof according to the present invention do not use a color filter that degrades optical properties in order to realize full colors of four colors, and there is no need to independently inject particles of different colors into subcells. have an advantage

The display panel structure and the driving method thereof according to the present invention can produce a panel using a microcapsule method, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process, reducing manufacturing cost, and implementing various colors that can improve color reproducibility without deterioration of optical properties. It has the advantage that it is possible

The display panel structure and the driving method thereof made of a composite material according to the present invention have the advantage that full color can be realized using four kinds of color particles.

According to the present invention, a display panel structure capable of implementing various colors and performing a transmission mode function and a driving method thereof do not use a color filter that degrades optical properties to realize color, and separate particles of different colors independently. Therefore, there is no need to inject into the sub-cell, and the panel can be manufactured using the microcapsule method, so the manufacturing process is simple, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the color reproducibility can be improved without deterioration of the optical properties.

According to the present invention, the display panel structure capable of implementing various colors and performing the transmission mode function and the driving method thereof can also perform the shielding mode function in various colors, and are capable of performing complex and precise image to It has the advantage of being able to display information so that the range of products that can be applied is wide.

1A and 1B are cross-sectional views illustrating a panel structure of a conventional variable transmittance display.
2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating a panel structure of a display capable of a conventional shielding mode/reflective mode/transmissive mode.
3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of a conventional display panel that implements a shielding mode/reflective mode/transmissive mode by using the dielectrophoretic properties of particles and fluids.
Figure 4a, b is a schematic view showing a cross-section of the particle showing the structure of the particle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5A, B, and C are cross-sectional views of a structure of a display panel including two types of color particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views of a structure of a display panel including two types of color particles according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode are implemented.
7a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views of a structure of a display panel including two types of color particles according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode are implemented.
8a, b, and c are diagrams illustrating a shielding mode (8a), a reflection mode (8b), and a transmission mode (8c) using the display panel film manufactured according to the embodiment of FIGS. 6a, b, c, and d. It's a photo.
9a, b, and c are photographs demonstrating a shielding mode, a reflective mode, and a transmissive mode using the display panel film manufactured according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 7a, b, c, and d.
10 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule type panel structure in which a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode are implemented through control of the intensity (pulse magnitude) of the driving voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11A, 11B, and 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a reflective display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a full-color reflective display panel capable of realizing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
13A, B, and C are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a reflective display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
14a, b, c, and d are photographs demonstrating three colors as an experimental result of driving the reflective color display panel film produced in FIG. 13 using three kinds of particles.
15 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a microcapsule type display panel capable of implementing three colors and a schematic diagram showing a driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
16 is a photograph of a display panel in which a microcapsule type film and three colors are implemented according to an embodiment of the present invention.
17a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a display panel capable of implementing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
18a, b, c, d, and e are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a display panel capable of implementing four colors and variable transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
19A and 19B are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure of a display panel capable of implementing three colors and variable transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
20 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a microcapsule type display panel capable of implementing four colors and variable transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Since the present invention can apply various transformations and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. Effects and features of the present invention, and a method of achieving them, will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail in conjunction with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various forms.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and when described with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals, and the overlapping description thereof will be omitted. .

In the following embodiments, terms such as first, second, etc. are used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another, not in a limiting sense. Also in the following examples, the singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In the following embodiments, terms such as include or have means that the features or components described in the specification are present, and the possibility of adding one or more other features or components is not excluded in advance.

Figure 4a, b is a schematic view showing a cross-section of the particle showing the structure of the particle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4a, b, the structure of the particle according to the present invention, unlike the particle structure in which the electric polarization of the particle occurs due to electrorheology only when an electric field is applied, even in a state where no electric field is applied, the particle 403 (404) has a structure that maintains a state in which each has both positive and negative charges.

At this time, it is characterized in that the amount of positive and negative charges of one particle 403 and 404 is set to be different from each other.

Referring to FIG. 4A , as a method of forming one particle 403 to have both positive and negative charges, a particle structure having a core-shell structure may be applied. As shown in FIG. 4A, if the particle 403, which becomes the core, is first prepared to have a negative charge, and then partially coated with a shell material having a positive charge on the surface of the particle, one particle 403 will have positive and negative charges. can Also, on the contrary, a shell material having a negative charge may be partially coated on the core of the particles 403 having a positive charge.

In another method, as shown in FIG. 4B , the particle 404 has a certain ratio of cation and anion charges, so that a polymer particle having a functional group or a core particle 404 such as a metal or a metal compound has a certain amount on the surface. A ratio of cationic ligands and anionic ligands can be reacted to bond (ionic, covalent or coordinated).

In this case, the core and shell materials and the ligand may be organic, polymer, inorganic, or metal compounds, and may absorb light or reflect (or scatter) light. In addition, it may be a reflective material such as a metal particle or a color particle, and as long as the particle structure has a cation and an anion at the same time, the shape of the particle, the material material, and the manufacturing method thereof are not limited.

In general, the type of core and shell material and ligand, the coating time of the shell material, the reaction time with the ligand, the ratio of the shell material or ligand to be coated to the core material (mass ratio, volume ratio, surface area ratio, molar ratio, etc.), additives in the fluid , the type and amount of the charge control agent (which may be used as a material for the ligand), and the type and amount of the surfactant (which may also be used as a material for the ligand) in one particle to have a positively charged region and a negatively charged region can be set to be different from each other. That is, the charge amount of the core particle and the charge amount of the material coated on the surface of the core particle may be controlled, or the charge amount of the cationic ligand and the anion ligand on the surface of the core particle may be controlled.

The charge control agent includes at least one of a positive charge control agent and a negative charge control agent. As a positive charge control agent, an azine type, quaternary ammonium salt, and a positively charged plasticizer can be used, and as a negative charge control agent, a tert-butyl zinc sylcylate type (for example, tert-butyl Zinc salicylate (tert-butyl zinc sylcylate), tert-butyl calcium salicylate) and azo-based and negatively charged plasticizers can be used.

As the surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant or an amphoteric surfactant can be used. The hydrophilic group of the anionic surfactant includes carboxylic acid (-COOH), sulfuric ester (-O?SO3H), and sulfonic acid (-SO3H), and includes an alkyl group or a hydrocarbon group such as an isoalkyl group, benzene ring, and naphthalene ring as a hydrophobic group do. Medialan A, naphthenic acid soap, rosin, CMC, Emulphor STH, Mersolate, Aerosol, Igepon T, ABS, Nekal A, BX, Gardinol, Turkey red oil, Arctic Syntex, Vel, Igepon B, Gardinol GY, Tergitol P, etc. can

Most of the hydrophilic groups of cationic surfactants are simple amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts containing primary to tertiary amines obtained by salt formation, and very few phosphonium salts and sulfonium salts are included. have. Among these, quaternary ammonium salts are the most important, and as the five N types, not only those bonded to chain alkyls, but also cyclic nitrogen compounds, such as pyridinium salts or quinolinium salts, especially heterocyclic compounds such as imidazolinium salts. do. Primary, secondary, tertiary amine salts, Sapamin CH, Aquard, Decamine, Sapamin MS, Benzalkonium chloride, Hyamine, Repellat, Emcol E-607, Zelan A, Velan PF, Isotan Q-16, Myxal, etc. may be used. .

The amphoteric surfactant contains -COOH group, -SO3H group, -OSO3H group as an anion in a molecule|numerator, and the type soap containing only an amine, especially a quaternary ammonium type nitrogen group as a cation can be used.

5a, b, and c are display panels showing the electrical behavior characteristics of particles having positive and negative charges in one particle according to the intensity of the voltage applied to the voltage application time in a transparent fluid, according to an embodiment of the present invention; It is a cross-sectional view of the structure.

6a, b, c, and d show a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode through control of an application time (pulse width) of a driving voltage using the electrical behavior characteristics of the particles shown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention; It is a cross-sectional view of a display panel structure.

7a, b, c, and d are displays in which a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode are implemented through the intensity (pulse magnitude) of the driving voltage using the electrical behavior characteristics of the particles shown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention; It is a cross-sectional view of the panel structure.

5, 6 and 7, the first particles 503, 603, 703 and the second particles 508, 608, 708 have contrasting colors and the core particle and shell material of the two particles are They have opposite polarities.

The lower electrode is patterned for each unit pixel on the lower substrate, and is selectively controlled for each unit pixel through adjustment of the driving voltage application time (pulse width) or the driving voltage intensity (pulse size) to form a reflective mode, a transmissive mode, and Implement the shielding mode.

In FIG. 5 , a particle serving as a core of the first particle (white) 503 has a negative charge, and a material coated on the core particle has a positive charge. At this time, the negative charge value of the core particle was set to be greater than the positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle. In the second particle (black) 508, the core particle is positively charged and the coating material is negatively charged. In this case, the positive charge value of the core particle is set to be larger than the positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle.

In FIG. 5A , if the charge amounts of the core particles of the first particle (white) 503 and the core particles of the second particle (black) 508 are similar, the two core particles having opposite polarities have the same threshold voltage. In addition, since the charge value of the materials coated on the core particles is lower than that of the core particles, the threshold voltage of the coating materials is higher than the threshold voltage of the core particles. Therefore, when a voltage corresponding to the threshold voltage of the two core particles is applied from the outside to form an electric field, the core particles first affect the charge, and the two particles are electrically charged by the polarity of the charge of the core particles as shown in FIG. 5B. It shows the behavioral characteristics by the migration phenomenon. That is, the two first and second particles move toward the electrode to which a voltage of a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge of the core particle is applied.

By exhibiting such electrophoretic behavior characteristics, it is possible to implement a shielding mode (or absorption mode) as shown in FIGS. 6A and 7A and a reflection mode as shown in FIGS. 6B and 7B according to the color of the particles located on the display unit.

Referring to FIGS. 6C and 7C , if the charge amount of the coating materials is greater than the charge amount of the core particles, the coating materials have a lower threshold voltage than the core particles, and an electric field is formed by applying the threshold voltage of the coating materials When it is done, the first and second particles exhibit an electrophoresis phenomenon due to the polarity of the charge that the coating material stands out.

If the applied time is longer than the applied voltage application time (FIG. 6c) or the driving voltage is higher than the applied threshold voltage (FIG. 7c) to implement the shielding mode or the absorption mode by the electrophoresis phenomenon, the two core particles In addition, the electric field affects the charge of the coating materials, and at the moment when the strength of the electric field sufficiently affects the charge of the coating material, as shown in FIG. The coating material tends to move toward the electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and the core particles or coating material having a positive charge in one particle tend to move toward the electrode to which a negative voltage is applied.

At this time, two adjacent particles show completely different movements depending on the angle of approach. If one particle approaches the bottom of another particle and is arranged close to perpendicular to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has an attractive force to attract each other. Conversely, if one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the negatively charged region of the particle is the negatively charged region of the other particle, and the positively charged region of the other particle is the positively charged region of the other particle. They are placed side by side with the domain and the two particles have a repulsive force, that is, a repulsive force. The particles, which were moved by attraction and repulsion, gradually begin to approach as they receive the force of attraction, and eventually, the particles are arranged vertically and horizontally at regular intervals between both electrodes.

The particle structure and driving mechanism are very different from the prior art, a permeation mode formed in a chain structure due to the electrorheological properties of the particles shown in FIG. 3E.

Since the particle applied to the present invention has both positive and negative charges, the positively charged and negatively charged regions within the particle are physically separated, whereas the particle shown in FIG. 3E has only one charge of positive or negative charge. has a different particle structure.

In addition, the particles shown in Fig. 3e, by a dipole-dipole interaction (dipole-dipole interaction) mechanism, aggregation of particles having a dipole moment in the electric field (aggregation) phenomenon or electric polarization (polarization) by a chain ( chain) to implement the transmission mode.

On the other hand, in FIGS. 5c, 6c, and 7c according to the present invention, the particles 503, 603, 703, 508, 608, and 708 are vertically arranged with a certain distance between the particles between both electrodes, A gap is generated by the repulsive force of the particles arranged side by side, and light incident from the outside is transmitted through the gap, so that a transmission mode can be implemented based on a constant vertical arrangement and a constant horizontal arrangement of the particles.

That is, the transmission mode can be stably implemented without a complicated driving method by high voltage and high frequency (FIG. 3e) and electrode patterning of unit pixels or subcells (FIGS. 1b, 2d, 3c).

8a, b, and c are by adjusting the time (pulse width) of the driving voltage applied according to the driving method of the present invention using the display panel film produced according to the embodiment of FIGS. 6a, b, c, and d. It is a photograph demonstrating the shielding mode (8a), the reflection mode (8b), and the transmission mode (8c).

Referring to FIGS. 8A, B, and C, using transparent electrodes 604 and 606 and substrates 600 and 605, a first white particle 603 and a second black particle in a transparent fluid 602 (608) was mixed and dispersed to fill the unit pixels to produce a panel.

At this time, the core particle of the first particle (white) 603 has a negative charge, the coating material has a positive charge, and the negative charge value of the core particle is a positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle bigger than The core particle of the second particle (black) 608 has a positive charge, the coating material has a negative charge, and the positive charge value of the core particle is higher than the positive charge value of the material coated on the surface of the core particle. Big. Also, the total charge amount of the first and second particles 603 and 608 is similar.

Referring to FIGS. 6A and 8A , when a voltage of -7.9V was applied to the upper transparent electrode 604 corresponding to the display unit for 500 ms, the black particles 608 having a positive charge of the core particles were formed on the upper electrode 604 . ) to absorb (609) the light 607 incident from the outside to display a black image and perform the function of the shielding mode.

Referring to FIGS. 6B and 8B , in order to test whether the light 607 incident from the outside performs the function of the reflection mode representing the color by reflecting visible light in a specific wavelength band by the color of the particle, As a result of applying a voltage of +7.9V to the transparent electrode 604 for 500 ms, the white particles 603 having a negative charge of the core particles move upward and reflect (609) the light 607 incident from the outside to produce white color. image is shown.

Referring to FIGS. 6C and 8C , as a result of increasing the time for which a voltage of +7.9V is applied to the upper electrode 604 of the display unit to 2 s in order to test whether the function of the transmission mode is performed, the particles 603 and 608 are formed on the upper electrode. From the lower electrode to the lower electrode, the LED light was transmitted from the lower substrate to the upper substrate in a vertical and horizontal arrangement, so that the numerical image displayed by the LED light could be confirmed. In addition, when a driving voltage of -7.9V was applied to the display for 2s, the function of the transmission mode was realized.

9a, b, and c are embodied by controlling the intensity (pulse magnitude) of the driving voltage according to the driving method of the present invention using the display panel film manufactured according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 7a, b, c, and d. This is a picture demonstrating the shielding mode, reflection mode, and transmission mode of the display.

9 and 7, a panel is manufactured using transparent electrodes 704 and 706 and substrates 700 and 705, and black 708 and white particles 703 are added to a transparent fluid 702 as a unit. A panel was made by filling in pixels.

9, a driving voltage of -8V is applied to the upper transparent electrode corresponding to the display unit in order to check whether the function of the shielding mode for absorbing or reflecting light incident from the outside and the function of the reflection mode according to the color of the particles are performed. As a result of applying for 500 ms, the black particles having a positive charge moved to the upper part of the core particles and absorbed the light incident from the outside to show a black image (FIGS. 9b, 9d), and +8V driving to the upper transparent electrode As a result of applying a voltage of 500 ms, it was confirmed that the white particles having a negative charge of the core particles moved upward and reflected light incident from the outside to display a white image. (FIGS. 9a, 9e)

In addition, in order to check the function of the transmission mode by controlling the intensity of the applied voltage, as a result of applying a driving voltage of +15V to the upper electrode at 500 ms by placing printed characters on the back side of the panel, particles were transferred from the upper electrode to the lower electrode. In the vertical and horizontal arrangement up to , the light incident from the outside was transmitted from the upper substrate to the lower substrate, reached the printed characters arranged on the back side of the panel, and the image reflected by the printed characters could be confirmed. (Fig. 9f)

In addition, it was confirmed that the transmission mode function was implemented even when a driving voltage of -15V was applied to the display unit for 500 ms. (Fig. 9c)

10 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule type panel structure and a panel structure in which a shielding mode, a reflection mode, and a transmission mode are implemented through control of the intensity (pulse magnitude) of the driving voltage, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, particles 1003 dispersed in a transparent fluid 1002 according to the present invention of a method of manufacturing a panel by composing unit pixels or subcells with partition walls 601 and 701 described in FIGS. 6 and 7 . (1008) can be applied to the panel structure forming the display layer by forming the microcapsules 1010, and the driving method is also a method of controlling the time and intensity of the applied voltage as described above. Shielding mode, reflection mode, transmission mode etc. can be implemented.

Since the particles 1003 and 1008 dispersed in the transparent fluid exhibit electrical behavior characteristics by the direction, strength, duration, etc. of the electric field formed by a voltage applied from the outside, even within the separated capsule space, the particles are formed in the patterned lower part. Depending on the voltage applied to the electrode, different behavioral characteristics may be exhibited.

11A, 11B, and 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a reflective display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

11A, 11B, and 11C, a first particle 1003 having a negative charge and representing a first color and a second particle 1008 having a positive charge and representing a second color are used, and the first ( 1003) and the second particles 1008 should be set to have a higher permittivity than the transparent fluid 1102 in order to maximize the dielectrophoretic phenomenon due to the high voltage and high frequency described in FIG. 3 .

In order to realize the third color, particles 1112 having no positive or negative charge or having an extremely low electric charge and representing the third color are used. In this case, the dielectric constant of the third particle 1112 should be lower than the dielectric constant of the transparent fluid and the first 1003 and the second particles 1008 so as not to be affected by the dielectrophoretic phenomenon.

11A, 11B, and 11C, when a sufficient threshold voltage capable of affecting the charge value of the first (1003) and second particles (1008) is applied from the outside, the first particle (1103) having a positive charge The particles move in the direction of the electrode to which the voltage of the negative sign is applied, and the second particles 1108 having a negative charge move in the direction of the electrode to which the voltage of the positive sign is applied. In this case, the first (black) and second (white) colors may be implemented as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B , respectively, by the colors of the particles positioned as the upper electrode corresponding to the display unit. When the electric field by the threshold voltage of the first and second particles 1103 and 1108 is formed, the relatively low charge amount or the third particles 1112 having no polarity do not exhibit electrical behavior characteristics and are fluid ( 1102) to maintain a dispersed state.

If a high voltage greater than the threshold voltage of the first and second particles 1103 and 1108 is applied at a high frequency, the first and second particles 1103 and 1108 due to the non-uniform electric field as shown in FIG. 11C . They move irregularly due to dielectrophoresis and are gradually positioned at the edge of the unit pixel or subcell. However, the third particles 1112 having a relatively low dielectric constant may exhibit a third color by maintaining a dispersed state in the fluid 1102 .

The present invention of FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C can also be applied to the microcapsule type panel structure shown in FIG. 10 .

12a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a full-color reflective display panel capable of realizing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

12A and 12B , in order to implement four colors according to the present invention, a first particle 1203 having a negative charge and representing a first color, a second particle 1203 having a positive charge and representing a second color Particle 1208, a third particle 1212 having a negative charge and exhibiting a third color, and a fourth particle 1213 having a positive charge and exhibiting a fourth color are used, the first 1203 and the second The amount of charge and the dielectric constant of the particles 1208 must be greater than that of the third 1212 and the fourth particles 1213 and have a higher dielectric constant. That is, since the amount of charge of the first 1203 and the second particles 1208 is greater than that of the third and fourth particles 1212 and 1213 , they have a relatively low threshold voltage and a relatively high dielectric constant. The first (1203) and second particles (1208) having ? (1208) exhibit behavioral characteristics due to dielectrophoresis before the third (1212) and fourth particles (1213) when a high voltage is applied at a high frequency from the outside.

For the same reason as described above, when a first threshold voltage capable of behavior of the first 1203 and second particles 1208 is applied, the first particles 1203 having a negative charge move in the direction of the electrode to which a positive voltage is applied. The second particles 1208 moving to and having a positive charge move in the direction of the electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, and exhibit the first and second colors as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B .

Referring to FIGS. 12c and 12d , when a minimum high frequency and high voltage capable of exhibiting behavioral characteristics due to dielectrophoresis to the first 1203 and second particles 1208 are applied, the first 1203 and second particles 1208 ( 1208 are positioned at the edge of the unit pixel or subcell, and the third 1212 and fourth particles 1213 are maintained in a dispersed state in the fluid 1202 . Immediately after the first 1203 and second particles 1208 are positioned at the edge within the unit pixel or sub-cell by dielectrophoresis, the third driving voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of the first 1203 and second particles 1208 . When the second threshold voltage at which the (1212) and the fourth particles (1213) can electrophorese is applied, the third (1212) and the fourth particles (1213) located closest between the two electrodes (1204 and 1206) are applied. ) operates first, and as shown in FIGS. 12c and d, the third particles 1212 having a negative charge move in the direction of the electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, and the fourth particles 1213 having a negative charge are positive The third and fourth colors can be realized by moving in the direction of the electrode to which the voltage of the sign of is applied.

12a, b, c, and d, when the applied four types of particles have colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, respectively, by the color combination of the color particles Full color implementation is possible.

In addition, the present invention shown in Figs. 12a, b, c, and d can be applied to the microcapsule type panel structure shown in Fig. 10 .

13A, B, and C are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a reflective display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

13A, B, and C are related to a structure and a driving method of a reflective color display panel capable of realizing three colors in a method different from that of FIGS. 11A and B. A first 1303 representing first and second colors. ) and the second particles 1308 have a charge of opposite sign to the core particle and the material coated on the core particle, so that one particle has both positive and negative charges, and the core particle and the coating material are different It must have a charge value. In addition, the third particles 1312 representing the third color dispersed in the transparent fluid 1302 together with the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 do not have a polarity, or if they have a polarity, a positive charge to It must have the polarity of one of the negative charges, and its value must also be extremely low.

13A and 13B, in the first particles 1303 representing the first color, the core particle has a negative charge, the coating material has a positive charge, and the second particle 1308 representing the second color. The core particles are positively charged and the coating material is negatively charged, and the third particles 1312 representing the third color are positively charged but not negatively charged, or the first particle 1303 and the second particle 1308 are positively charged. The charge value is extremely lower than the charge value, and it is set to have one polarity. At this time, the charge amounts of the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 are similar and the core particles are set to be larger than the charge value of the coating material. That is, the third particles 1312 are not affected by the first and second driving voltages.

When the threshold voltage of the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 is applied from the outside to form an electric field, the charge values of the first and second core particles are greater than the charge values of the materials coated on the core particles. Since the driving voltage is relatively low, the electric field affects the charge of the core particles, and as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B , the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 depend on the polarity of the charge on the core particles. It shows the electrophoresis phenomenon.

That is, the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 move toward the electrode to which a voltage of a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge of the core particle is applied. In this case, the first and second colors may be implemented according to the colors of the first 1303 and the second particles 1308 located on the display unit.

Referring to FIG. 13C , if a voltage is continuously applied or the intensity of the applied voltage is increased even after the first and second particles move to the upper and lower electrodes 1304 and 1306, the first 1303 and second particles In the particles 1308 of 2, the electric field affects not only the core particles but also the charge of the coating materials, and the moment the strength of the electric field sufficiently affects the charge of the coating material, the negative Core particles or coating materials having a charge tend to move toward an electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and core particles or coating materials having a positive charge move toward an electrode to which a negative voltage is applied. At this time, in the first 1303 and the second particles 1308, two different adjacent particles show completely different motions depending on the approach angle. If one particle approaches the bottom of another particle and is arranged close to perpendicular to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has an attractive force to attract each other. Conversely, if one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the negatively charged region of the particle is the negatively charged region of the other particle, and the positively charged region of the other particle is the positively charged region of the other particle. They are placed side by side with the domain and the two particles have a repulsive force, that is, a repulsive force. In this way, the particles moving by attraction and repulsion gradually begin to approach while receiving the force of attraction, and eventually the first 1303 and second particles 1308 are arranged vertically and horizontally between both electrodes. The third particles 1312 having an extremely low charge or no polarity may implement a third color by maintaining a dispersed state in a transparent fluid.

14a, b, c, and d are photographs demonstrating three colors as an experimental result of driving the reflective color display panel film produced in FIG. 13 using three kinds of particles.

14a, b, c and 13, in the first particles 1303 representing white, the core particle has a negative charge, the coating material has a positive charge, and the second particles 1308 representing black are The core particle is positively charged, the coating material is negatively charged, and the third particles, which are yellow-green, have a single polarity of negative charge on one particle, and the charge value is extremely lower than the charge value of the first and second particles.

14a, b, and c are photographs in which three colors are sequentially realized by controlling the direction of the electric field and the intensity of the voltage, and the threshold voltages of the first and second particles are +8V and -8V, and higher than the threshold voltage - As a result of sequentially applying a driving voltage of 15V to the upper electrode, at +8V, the white particles with negative charges on the core particles were located on the upper electrode surface to show a white image, and at -8V, the black particles with positive charges on the core particles were located. A black image was shown, and at -15V, it was confirmed that the first and second particles were arranged vertically and horizontally, and thus a yellow green color was realized by the exposed third particles. In addition, it was confirmed that a yellow green color was realized even at +15V.

14D and 13 , as a photograph in which three colors are realized by controlling the direction of the electric field and the time when the voltage is applied, the first particles 1303 representing white have a negative charge on the core particles and the coating material The second particles 1308 having a positive charge and representing black have a positive charge on the core particle and a negative charge on the coating material, and the third particles 1312 with a pink color have a single polarity of negative charge on one particle. and the charge value is extremely lower than the charge value of the first and second particles. As a result of applying a driving voltage of +10V and -10V by adjusting the pulse width based on the response time of 250ms, which is the response time for the first and second particles to move to the upper/lower electrode, at +10V (250ms), the core particles are negatively charged. At -10V (250ms), black particles with positive charge are located on the core particles to show a black image, and at -10V (1s), which is 4 times the pulse width, a white image is displayed. It was confirmed that the first and second particles were vertically aligned and pink was realized by the exposed third particles. In addition, it was confirmed that pink was realized even at +10V (1.5s).

15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure and a driving method of a microcapsule type display panel capable of implementing three colors according to an embodiment of the present invention. A unit pixel type method for implementing the three colors of FIGS. 13 and 14 . is applied to the microcapsule type structure.

16 is a photograph of a display panel in which a microcapsule type film and three colors are implemented, manufactured according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention according to FIG. 15 .

In order to manufacture the microcapsule type display panel shown in FIG. 15 , the first particles 1503 , the second particles 1508 , and the third particles having different colors in a transparent fluid as shown in FIG. 16 ( a ). (1512) was dispersed and encapsulated, mixed with a binder or an adhesive layer 1511, and coated on a substrate 1500 of PET material coated with a transparent electrode 1511 to prepare a microcapsule type film. At this time, the particles used are the same as the particles applied in FIG. 14 .

By laminating the microcapsule type film (applied as the display unit and the upper substrate) and the segment type FPCB used as the lower substrate as described above, a microcapsule type panel was manufactured with the structure shown in FIG. 15, as described in FIG. As a result of driving by controlling the driving voltage application time and the driving voltage intensity, which are the driving methods, it was confirmed that three colors were realized as shown in FIGS. 16A, b, c, and d.

17a, b, c, and d are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and a driving method of a display panel capable of realizing four colors according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 17a, b, c, and d, four types of particles of different colors are dispersed in a transparent fluid and have a panel structure in which a unit pixel is filled, and the first 1703 and second particles 1708 are The core particle and the material coated on the core particle are charged with opposite signs so that one particle has both positive and negative charges, and the core particle and the coating material have different charge values. And the third (1712) and the fourth particles (1713) have only one polarity of a positive charge to a negative charge on one particle.

17a, b, c, and d, in the first 1703 and the second particles 1708, the charge value of the first and second core particles is greater than the charge value of the coating material, The first particle 1703 was set such that the core particle had a negative charge and the coating material had a positive charge, and the second particle 1708 had the core particle had a positive charge and the coating material had a negative charge. And the third particle 1712 was set to have a negative charge and the fourth particle 1713 to have a positive charge. In addition, the charge amounts of the first ( 1703 ) and the second particles ( 1708 ) were set to be greater than that of the third ( 1712 ) and fourth particles ( 1713 ). That is, in FIGS. 17a, b, c, and d, the first and second particles have the same driving voltage and are set to have a relatively lower threshold voltage than the third and fourth particles.

17a, b, c, and d, when a voltage corresponding to the threshold voltage of the first and second core particles is applied, the formed electric field affects the charges of the first and second core particles, and thus 1 ( 1703 ) and the second particle ( 1708 ) exhibit behavioral characteristics due to electrophoresis as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B due to the polarity of the charge of the core particle.

That is, the first 1703 and the second particles 1708 move toward the electrode to which a voltage of a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge of the core particle is applied, and the applied voltage is the third and fourth The third and fourth particles remain dispersed in the fluid 1702 because they are lower than the threshold voltage of the particles. As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B , the first and second colors are realized according to the colors of the particles located on the display unit by using the electrophoretic behavioral characteristics.

Referring to FIGS. 17C and 17D , if the third and fourth threshold voltages, which are driving voltages higher than the threshold voltages of the first and second particles, are applied, the first 1703 and the second particles 1708 are The electric field affects not only the core particles but also the charges of the coating materials, so that the negatively charged core particles or coating materials in one particle tend to move toward the electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and The core particle or the coating material has a characteristic of moving toward the electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, and in the first 1703 and the second particle 1708, two adjacent particles are different from each other depending on the approach angle. It looks like a completely different movement. If one particle approaches the bottom of another particle and is arranged close to perpendicular to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has an attractive force to attract each other. Conversely, if one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the negatively charged region of the particle is the negatively charged region of the other particle, and the positively charged region of the other particle is the positively charged region of the other particle. They are placed side by side with the domain and the two particles have a repulsive force, that is, a repulsive force. In this way, the particles moving by attraction and repulsion gradually begin to approach while receiving the force of attraction, and eventually the first (1703) and second particles (1708) are arranged vertically and horizontally between both electrodes.

At this time, the third ( 1712 ) and fourth particles ( 1713 ) having a single polarity move to the upper and lower electrodes to which a voltage of a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge is applied, and the third ( 1712 ) and fourth particles ( 1713 ) having a single polarity move to the third electrode according to the color of the particles located on the display unit and a fourth color can be implemented.

In Figs. 17a, b, c, and d, if the applied four types of particles have colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, respectively, it is filled by the color combination of the color particles. It is possible to implement a color (full color), and this particle configuration and driving method can also be applied to a microcapsule type display panel structure.

18a, b, c, d, and e are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure and driving method of a display panel in which a transmission mode can be varied as well as a color implementation of four colors.

Referring to FIGS. 18a, b, c, d, and e, four types of particles of different colors are sprayed into a transparent fluid to have a panel structure in which a unit pixel is filled, and all four types of particles have the same charge as the core particles. The polarity of the materials coated on the core particle should have a polarity opposite to that of the charge, so that one particle has both positive and negative charges.

18a, b, c, d, and e, in all four types of particles (first, second, third, and fourth color particles), the charge value of the core particles is greater than the charge value of the coating material, The first (1803) and the third particles (1812) have a negative charge on the core particle and a positive charge on the coating material, and the second (1808) and fourth particles (1813) have a positive charge on the core particle and the coating material is set to be negatively charged. In addition, the charge values of the core particles and the coating materials of the first and second particles were set to be greater than the charge values of the core particles and the coating materials of the third and fourth particles. Accordingly, the first and second core particles have a lower threshold voltage than the third and fourth particles, and the driving voltage for vertically arranging the third and fourth particles in the upper/lower electrodes is also applied to the first and second particles. must be higher than the particles of

Referring to FIGS. 18A and 18B , in the first and second particles, when the first driving voltage, which is the minimum voltage that starts to affect the charge of the core particles, is applied and an electric field is formed, the charge displayed by the coating materials The core particles have an effect first on the charge, and the first and second particles undergo electrophoresis according to the polarity of the charge on the core particle, and the first and second colors are realized according to the color of the particles located on the display unit. do.

That is, the first and second particles move toward the electrode to which a voltage of a sign opposite to the polarity of the charge of the core particle is applied, and the applied first driving voltage is applied to the third and fourth particles. Since the inner core particles do not affect the striking charge, the third and fourth particles maintain a dispersed state in the fluid 1802 at the first driving voltage.

Referring to FIGS. 18C and 18D , in the third and fourth particles, when a second driving voltage higher than the first driving voltage that may affect the charge of the core particles is applied, the first (1803) ) and the second particles 1808, the electric field affects not only the core particles but also the charges of the coating materials, so that the negatively charged core particles or coating materials in one particle are electrodes to which a positive voltage is applied. Core particles or coating materials that tend to move toward and have a positive charge have a characteristic of moving toward the electrode to which a negative voltage is applied, and in the first 1803 and second particles 1808, adjacent to each other The other two particles show completely different motions depending on the angle they approach. If one particle approaches the bottom of another particle and is arranged close to perpendicular to the direction of the dipole, the positively charged region of the particle meets the negatively charged region of the other particle and has an attractive force to attract each other. Conversely, if one particle is arranged side by side next to another particle, the negatively charged region of the particle is the negatively charged region of the other particle, and the positively charged region of the other particle is the positively charged region of the other particle. They are placed side by side with the domain and the two particles have a repulsive force, that is, a repulsive force. In this way, the particles moving by attraction and repulsion gradually start to approach while receiving the force of attraction, and eventually the first 1803 and second particles 1808 are arranged vertically and horizontally between both electrodes.

At this time, the third (1812) and fourth particles (1813) move to the electrode to which the voltage of the opposite sign to the polarity of the core particles is applied because the electric field affects only the charge of the core particles, and at this time, the display The third and fourth colors can be realized by the colors of the positioned third and fourth particles.

Referring to FIG. 18E , if a third driving voltage higher than the second driving voltage that affects not only the charges of the third and fourth core particles but also the charges of the coating material is applied, the electric field The core particles and the coating material of the particles 1803, the second particles 1808, the third particles 1812, and the fourth particles 1813 of Vertical and horizontal alignment is performed by the repulsive force mechanism, and light incident from the outside is transmitted between the arranged particles to perform a transmission mode function.

18a, b, c, d, and e, if the applied four types of particles have colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and white, respectively, the color combination of the color particles Full color implementation is possible.

19A and 19B are cross-sectional views illustrating a structure of a display panel capable of implementing three colors and variable transmission modes. According to the purpose of use of the display or in order to increase the transmittance, the number of color particles may be reduced and the display may be driven with particles of three colors.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule type display panel structure in which a display driving method in which a transmission mode is variable as well as a color implementation of four colors is applied in FIGS.

Materials used in the manufacturing process and the process applied to the specific embodiment of the present invention according to FIGS. 4 to 20 are as follows.

The display panel according to the present invention consists of a composite material phase in which a solid and a liquid material are mixed.

The upper substrate is a light transparent material having high transmittance, and may be a base film formed of a material having a high transmittance of 80% or more. The upper substrate is a transparent polymer film with excellent light transmittance. Polyethersulfone (PES, polyethersulphone), polyacrylate (PAR, polyacrylate), polyetherimide (PEI, polyetherimide), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN, polyethyelenen napthalate), It can be formed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, polyethyeleneterepthalate), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC), etc. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

An upper electrode may be provided on one surface of the upper substrate facing the lower substrate. The upper electrode may apply the same voltage to the plurality of display layers. The upper electrode may be a common electrode formed in a plate shape to be common to the plurality of display layers. The upper electrode 2202 may be provided on the viewer side, and may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), ZnO, or transparent conductive oxide (TCO). ) may be formed of a transparent conductive material such as

Fluid is water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, hexane, chloroform (Chloroform), isoparaffin oil, silicone oil, ester oil, hydrocarbon oil, triethylhexanoin, dimethicone, cetyl otanoate, dicaprylate, isopropyl myristate, tocophenol acetate, etc. may contain substances of The fluid may include a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, a light emitting material, or the like, or a color variable material (eg, a Zion pigment material, a Zion dye material, etc.) whose color characteristics change as energy is applied.

The microcapsules may be fixed at predetermined intervals in the binder layer to form spaced spaces between the microcapsules. Due to the spacing, each microcapsule does not come into direct contact with neighboring microcapsules.

The binder layer may include a material that is at least partially transparent in a visible light region of 380 nm to 750 nm. The binder layer may include at least one transparent polymer material selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymer, silicone polymer, ester polymer, urethane polymer, amide polymer, ether polymer, fluorine polymer, and rubber. In addition, the binder layer may include a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, a light emitting material, or the like, or a material (eg, a Zion pigment material, a Zion dye material, etc.) whose color characteristics change as energy is applied.

The adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) may be formed using a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The pressure-sensitive adhesive prevents changes in the optical properties of the constituent members, and a material that does not require a high-temperature process during curing or drying during adhesion treatment can be used. For example, as the adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer), an appropriate polymer such as an acrylic polymer, a silicone polymer, polyester, polyurethane, polyether, or synthetic rubber may be used. As the adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer), high elasticity silicone rubber that not only acts as a simple adhesive (or adhesive) but also serves as a cushion to relieve impact may be used. The adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) may be cured by energy (eg, heat or UV, etc.) or may be non-cured.

For example, the adhesive layer (or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) may be an insulating organic material, polyether sulfone (PES, polyethersulphone), polyacrylate (PAR, polyacrylate), polyether imide (PEI, polyetherimide), polyethylene naphthalate ( PEN, polyethyelenen napthalate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET, polyethyeleneterepthalate), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC) ), but is not limited thereto.

The lower substrate may be a substrate made of various materials such as plastic or metal. For example, the lower substrate may include a metal foil including a metal such as silver or aluminum, or a plastic film having a back surface coated with a metal layer.

The lower substrate may be a substrate made of a flexible material that can be bent, bent, or both rolled, and in this case, the lower substrate may be a flexible printed circuit board. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the lower substrate may be made of a phenol-based or epoxy-based synthetic resin, and in this case, the lower substrate may be a rigid printed circuit board. A lower electrode may be provided on one surface of the lower substrate. The lower electrode may apply the same or different voltages to the plurality of microcapsules.

The lower electrode has a single-layer structure of copper, aluminum, indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), or a material of copper, aluminum, ITO, or IZO in which nickel or gold is further laminated. It may be formed in a multi-layered structure.

Microcapsules may be soft capsules or hard capsules, and may be prepared by in-situ polymerization, coacervation approach, or interfacial polymerization.

In the preparation of microcapsules, a polar or non-polar dispersion medium may be used as the fluid. For example, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene carbonate, toluene, benzene, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, dodecane, perchlorethylene, trichloroethylene, isopar-G, a type of isoparaffin oil Any one or more of -M and isopar-H may be used. Dyes or pigments may be added to the fluid.

As the dye or pigment, azo dye, anthraquinone dye, carbonium dye, indigo dye, sulfide dye, phthalocyanine dye, etc. may be used, and the pigment includes titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, Lithopon, Zinc sulfonate, Carbon black, Graphite, Chrome yellow, Zinc chromate, Redoxide of iron, Red lead , Cardmium red, Molybdate chrome orange, Milori blue, pressian blue, iron blue, Cobalt blue, chrome green, Viridian, zinc Inorganic pigments such as zinc green, silver powder, bronze powder, fluorescent pigment, pearl pigment, or insoluble azo, soluble azo, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, dioxazine, isoindole Organic pigments such as non-based, vat dye-based, phyllocholine-based, fluorine-based, quinophthalone-based, and metal complex can be used.

According to the in-situ polymerization method, microcapsules can be prepared through a reaction process of forming an emulsion and structuring it in a core-shell form.

First, particles are dispersed in a fluid to prepare a core material. At this time, the particles may be dispersed in a ratio of 0.1 to 25 wt% with respect to the fluid, but may be dispersed in a larger amount if necessary. The dispersion of the core material may be dispersed using an ultrasonic disperser or a homogenizer.

Next, a prepolymer is prepared by mixing the polymer to form the shell of the microcapsule by adjusting the acidity. This process may be performed simultaneously with the process of preparing the dispersion of the core material.

As the polymer for forming the shell, a polymer precursor capable of exhibiting low elasticity and hard properties may be used. Copolymers such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, methylvinyl ether comaleic anhydride, gelatin, polyvinyl Polymers such as alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulosic derivatives, acacia, carrageenan, carboxymethylrelulose, hydrolyzed styrene anhydride copolymer, agar, alginate, casein, albumin, cellulose phthalate, etc. can be used, and the hydrophilicity of these polymers By controlling the hydrophobicity, it is possible to form a shell surrounding the core material. In addition, the prepolymer may be dispersed in a fluid like particles to prepare a dispersion.

Forming an emulsion may be performed by mixing and stirring the prepared dispersion of the core material and the prepolymer dispersion of the shell material. As a condition for forming such an emulsion, it is necessary to optimize the ratio of particles and prepolymer, and the two dispersions may be mixed in a volume ratio of 1:5 to 1:12. In addition, a stabilizer may be added to improve dispersibility. In the emulsion the particles may be in the dispersed phase and the shell material may be in the continuous phase.

In this case, additives may be added to increase the stability of the emulsion. Such additives may be organic polymers with high wettability and high viscosity after dissolution in aqueous phase. Specifically, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginate At least one of them may be used.

The core material dispersion can be microencapsulated by controlling the pH and temperature of the formed emulsion so that the continuous phase shell material dispersion is deposited around the dispersed phase particles to form a shell of microcapsules.

In this case, the process of adding an additive to increase the hardness of the shell by reducing elasticity by configuring the microcapsule shell more densely may be included. The type of additive to be added may be an ionic or polar substance that is easily soluble in an aqueous phase. For example, at least one of ammonium chloride, resorcinol, hydroquinone, and catechol as a curing catalyst may be used.

In the case of the coacervation method, it is possible to use oil/water emulsions of the inner and outer phases. The dispersion of the core material is coacervated (agglomerated) out of the aqueous outer phase, and is granulated by forming a shell on the oily droplets of the inner phase by controlling the temperature, pH, relative concentration, etc.

In the case of coacervation, as the shell material, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, gelatin, or arabic rubber may be used.

In the case of interfacial polymerization, the lipophilic monomer in the inner phase is present as an emulsion in the aqueous outer phase. The monomer in the inner phase liquid crystal reacts with the monomer introduced into the aqueous outer phase, polymerization occurs at the interface between the droplets of the inner phase and the surrounding aqueous outer phase, and a shell of particles is formed around the droplets. The formed shell is relatively thin and permeable, but unlike other manufacturing methods, it does not require heating, so there is an advantage that various dielectric fluids can be applied.

In the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention, regardless of the shape in which the microcapsules attached to the substrate are spherical, non-spherical, face-to-face, etc., the elastic force of the microcapsules in contact with the electrode after attachment is strengthened to reduce external pressure or impact. It has durability to absorb.

In a unit pixel type display panel, the barrier rib may be formed of a non-polar organic material or a non-polar inorganic material.

The barrier rib may be formed through a photo lithography or mold printing process to have a predetermined height and width (eg, a height of 10 μm to 100 μm and a width of 10 μm to 20 μm).

Preferably, the barrier rib is made of a material that is not charged so that particles charged by electrical force and the barrier rib are not coupled to each other during operation. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the fluid in which the charged particles are mixed is a non-polar organic solvent, it can be formed with the same physical properties as the fluid, that is, non-polar polymer, organic or inorganic. have.

Claims (8)

upper substrate;
lower substrate;
an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;
a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; and
a partition wall defining a unit pixel area formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate;
Each of the unit pixel areas includes a plurality of first particles representing a first color, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a fourth color dispersed in a fluid, respectively. A plurality of fourth particles representing
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the amounts of positive and negative charges are different from each other,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles has a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and the shell partially coated on the surface of the core and the core are charged with opposite polarities has, the charge amount of the core is greater than the charge amount of the shell partially coated on the surface of the core,
When a driving voltage in which an electric field affects all of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles is applied, the plurality of first particles move by attractive and repulsive forces due to positive and negative charges in the particles. , the second particle, the third particle, and the fourth particle gradually receive the force of attraction and become closer, and the transmission mode is realized by vertically and horizontally arranging from the upper electrode to the lower electrode at regular intervals. A display panel structure made of a composite material that can realize full color of different colors and change the transmission mode.
upper substrate;
lower substrate;
an upper electrode disposed on one surface of the upper substrate;
a lower electrode disposed on one surface of the lower substrate; and
A binder layer including a plurality of microcapsules formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode,
Each of the plurality of microcapsules is dispersed in a fluid with a plurality of first particles representing a first color, a plurality of second particles representing a second color, a plurality of third particles representing a third color, and a fourth comprising a plurality of fourth particles exhibiting a color,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles has both positive and negative charges in one particle, and the amounts of positive and negative charges are different from each other,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles has a particle structure having a core-shell structure, and the shell partially coated on the surface of the core and the core are charged with opposite polarities has, the charge amount of the core is greater than the charge amount of the shell partially coated on the surface of the core,
When a driving voltage in which an electric field affects all of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles is applied, the plurality of first particles move by attractive and repulsive forces due to positive and negative charges in the particles. , the second particle, the third particle, and the fourth particle gradually receive the force of attraction and become closer, and vertically and horizontally arranged at regular intervals from the upper electrode to the lower electrode to implement the transmission mode A display panel structure made of a composite material that can realize full color of different colors and change the transmission mode.
delete 3. The method of any one of claims 1 or 2,
The charge amount of the core and the shell of the plurality of first and second particles is greater than the charge amount of the core and the shell of the plurality of third and fourth particles. A display panel structure made of a composite material phase.
3. The method of any one of claims 1 or 2,
Each of the plurality of first particles, second particles, third particles and fourth particles has a certain ratio of cation ligands on the surface of polymer particles, metal particles or metal compound particles having functional groups so that the cation and anion charge amounts have a certain ratio. and a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors of full color and having a variable transmission mode, characterized in that an anion ligand is bound.
In order to control the mode conversion of the display panel structure made of the composite material phase according to claim 1,
The lower electrode is patterned for each unit pixel on the lower substrate, and is selectively controlled for each unit pixel by adjusting the driving voltage application time or driving voltage intensity to implement a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode. A driving method of a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color of four colors.
In order to control the mode conversion of the display panel structure made of the composite material phase according to claim 2,
The lower electrode is patterned for each one or more unit microcapsules on the lower substrate, and by selectively controlling the driving voltage application time or the driving voltage intensity for each unit microcapsule to implement a reflection mode, a transmission mode, or a shielding mode A method of driving a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing full color of four colors, characterized in that.
8. The method of any one of claims 6 or 7,
The first and second particles have a lower threshold voltage than the third and fourth particles, and the driving voltage for vertically and horizontally arranging the particles from the upper electrode to the lower electrode at regular intervals is the third and second particles. A method of driving a display panel structure made of a composite material capable of realizing four colors, characterized in that the fourth particles are higher than the first and second particles.

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