KR102248238B1 - Apparatus and method for makeup water injection, and nuclear power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The make-up water injection device includes a make-up water storage container that is located inside the reactor vessel and receives make-up water, and a transfer unit that is located inside the make-up water storage container and moves up and down according to the pressure of the reactor vessel. It is injected into the coolant container located inside the container.

Description

Make-up water injection device, method and nuclear power generation system {APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKEUP WATER INJECTION, AND NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM}

A make-up water injection device, a make-up water injection method, and a nuclear power generation system are provided.

In general, very high heat is generated when a nuclear reactor is operated, and such a high temperature environment poses a very high risk and can cause a major accident when a nuclear reactor is damaged. Accordingly, in the event of damage to the reactor, a safety system for rapidly cooling the reactor must be provided.

The conventional safety system consists of a passive residual heat removal (PRHR) system that circulates the cooling water contained in the reactor vessel to the outside, a core supplemental water tank (CMT) that supplies the cooling water separately stored outside the vessel, and a safety injection pump ( SI pump) configuration.

However, in the conventional safety system configuration, the connection pipe connecting the reactor and the cooling water may be broken, and the structure is complicated because the valve installed in the connection pipe must be intentionally operated by an electric signal. Therefore, it is necessary to configure the safety system of the reactor to be passive.

As a related prior document, Korean Patent No. 906,717 discloses "a combined air/water driven reactor joint cooling device for removing residual heat from a core to a high temperature gas".

Korean Patent Registration 906,717

One embodiment of the present invention is to minimize the risk of accidents and rapid cooling without the need for a separate control instruction even if damage to the nuclear reactor occurs because the make-up water of the reactor core is completely passively formed.

One embodiment of the present invention is to cool the reactor vessel by natural circulation by allowing cooling water to flow into the reactor vessel to allow natural circulation.

One embodiment of the present invention is to remove residual heat from the core by providing make-up water passively even when the reactor is not stopped due to a failure of a control rod in a small reactor.

In addition to the above problems, embodiments according to the present invention may be used to achieve other tasks not specifically mentioned.

A make-up water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a make-up water storage container located inside the reactor vessel and receiving make-up water, and a transfer unit located inside the make-up water storage container and lifts and descends according to the pressure of the reactor vessel. A make-up water injection device in which make-up water is injected into a coolant container located inside a reactor vessel when the wealth rises.

In one embodiment of the present invention, even when the reactor is not stopped due to a failure of the control rod, it is possible to provide supplemental water in a fully passive manner, and to remove residual heat from the core by natural circulation, and separate control even if damage to the reactor occurs. Accident risk can be minimized through rapid cooling without the need for instructions.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a reactor power generation and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the transfer unit of the reactor power generation and cooling system is raised according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view of a make-up water storage container of the make-up water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view of a replenishing water storage container in a state in which the transfer unit of the replenishing water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention is raised.
5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a make-up water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a state in which a transfer part of the make-up water injection device is raised according to an embodiment of the present invention.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those of ordinary skill in the art can easily implement the present invention. The present invention may be implemented in various different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted in order to clearly describe the present invention, and the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components throughout the specification. In addition, in the case of a well-known technology, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Throughout the specification, when a part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included rather than excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for injecting make-up water according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a reactor power generation and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the conveying unit of the nuclear power generation and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention is raised, and FIG. 3 is the present invention Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the make-up water storage container of the make-up water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the make-up water storage container in a state in which the transfer unit of the make-up water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention is raised. Is a partial cross-sectional view of a make-up water injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a state in which the conveying unit of the make-up water injection device is raised according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1 and 2, the reactor power generation and cooling system includes a make-up water injection device (1), a reactor vessel (30), a reactor core (31), a control rod drive mechanism (32), a coolant vessel (35), and a steam generator. (36), a heat exchanger (37) and a circulation pump (38).

The reactor vessel 30 is formed to be sealed with the outside to accommodate the make-up water injection device 1, the reactor core 31, the control rod drive mechanism 32, and the coolant vessel 35 therein. The reactor core 31 is a central part of the nuclear reactor, where the nuclear fuel of the nuclear fuel combines with neutrons to cause nuclear fission, which is split into two, and generates thermal energy, and is located under the reactor vessel 30.

The control rod drive mechanism 32 is located above the reactor core 31 and controls the driving of the control rod inserted in the reactor core 31 so as to move up and down. The control rod driving mechanism 32 serves to control the output of the nuclear reactor by controlling the degree of fission of nuclear fuel.

The coolant container 35 is located under the make-up water injection device 1 and accommodates the coolant 34. The coolant container 35 is connected to the make-up water injection device 1 and the make-up water guide pipe 18. The coolant 34 is a liquid coolant and absorbs thermal energy generated from the reactor core 31. The coolant 34 may absorb thermal energy generated from the reactor core 31 to cool the reactor core 31 and transfer the absorbed heat to the outside.

The steam generator 36 is formed in the form of a heat exchanger 37 and is connected to the reactor vessel 30. The steam generator 36 receives heat from the coolant 34 inside the reactor vessel 30, and the feed water (heat exchange medium) supplied to the steam generator 36 absorbs the heat and generates a turbine with the power of high temperature and high pressure steam. And it is possible to generate power generators connected to the turbine. The circulation pump 38 is connected to the reactor vessel 30 and may facilitate circulation of the heat exchange medium between the reactor vessel 30 and the steam generator 36.

The coolant 34 increases in temperature while absorbing the thermal energy generated in the reactor core 31 and moves to the steam generator 36. The high temperature coolant 34 performs heat exchange with the heat exchange medium in the steam generator 36.

The reactor power generation and cooling system uses the make-up water injection device 1, even in an emergency situation in which the reactor stop occurs due to the failure of the control rod drive mechanism 32, the transfer unit 20 depends on the pressure of the reactor vessel 30. Since the make-up water guide pipe 18 is opened and closed, the make-up water 33 can be injected into the coolant 34.

That is, in the reactor power generation and cooling system, the make-up water injection device 1 provides the make-up water 33 to the coolant container 35 in a passive manner without the need for separate control instructions, thereby reducing the residual heat of the reactor core 31. Since it can be removed, damage to the reactor vessel 30 can be prevented in advance. In addition, since the nuclear power generation and cooling system does not include additional components such as conventional connection pipes and valves, the reactor volume can be reduced and applied to a small reactor.

Hereinafter, the structure of the make-up water injection device 1 of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. 1, 3, and 5 show the normal state of the make-up water injection device 1 of the present invention, and FIGS. 2, 4, and 6 show the transfer unit according to the abnormal state of the make-up water injection device 1 of the present invention. (20) shows a state in which it has risen.

Referring to FIG. 3, the make-up water injection device 1 includes a make-up water storage container 10 and a transfer unit 20. The make-up water storage container 10 includes a first through hole 11, a second through hole 12, a third through hole 13, a fourth through hole 14, a rupture plate 15, and a support 16, It includes a coolant guide pipe (17), a make-up water guide pipe (18) and an expansion and contraction part (19).

The make-up water storage container 10 is located above the reactor core 31 in the reactor container 30. The make-up water storage container 10 accommodates the make-up water 33 therein, and boron water may be used as the make-up water 33.

The make-up water storage container 10 supplies the received make-up water 33 toward the reactor core 31 when the pressure inside the reactor vessel 30 is equal to or higher than a preset pressure. The top of the make-up water storage container 10 may be opposed to the inside of the reactor vessel 30 and may have an arc shape, and the lower portion may have a shape having a smaller cross-sectional area than the upper portion of the reactor vessel 30. .

The lower part of the make-up water storage container 10 is separated from the left and right into a coolant guide pipe 17 and a make-up water guide pipe 18, and each includes an inner space through which the coolant 34 and the make-up water 33 can pass. Is formed. The coolant guide pipe 17 and the make-up water guide pipe 18 are spaced apart from each other, and a transfer part 20 is positioned between the coolant guide pipe 17 and the make-up water guide pipe 18.

The first through hole 11 is located under the coolant guide tube 17 and has a hole shape penetrating the coolant guide tube 17 in the z-axis direction. The lower side of the first valve 21 is inserted into the first through hole 11 to maintain a closed state between the coolant guide pipe 17 and the lower portion of the reactor vessel 30. The second through hole 12 is located on the side of the coolant guide tube 17 and has a hole shape that penetrates the coolant guide tube 17 in the x-axis direction. The second through hole 12 is positioned to face the side surface of the transfer unit 20.

The fourth through hole 14 is located above the coolant guide pipe 17 and has a hole shape penetrating the coolant guide pipe 17 in the z-axis direction, and the upper side of the first valve 21 is inserted. The third through-hole 13 is located above the make-up water guide pipe 18, has a hole shape that penetrates the make-up water guide pipe 18 in the z-axis direction, and the second valve 22 is inserted. The second valve 22 is inserted into the third through hole 13 to maintain the closed state between the make-up water guide pipe 18 and the lower portion of the reactor vessel 30.

Referring to FIG. 4, when the transfer unit 20 rises, the first valve 21 is opened between the coolant guide pipe 17 and the lower portion of the reactor vessel 30 while exiting the first through hole 11. In this state, the coolant 34 passes through the first through hole 11 and moves to the coolant guide tube 17. The second through hole 12 is located facing the inlet hole 23 and the coolant 34 passing through the first through hole 11 passes through the second through hole 12 and the inlet hole 23 in order. It moves to the inside of the transfer part 20.

At the same time, as the second valve 22 exits the third through hole 13, the make-up water guide pipe 18 and the lower portion of the reactor vessel 30 are opened, and the make-up water 33 passes through the third. It passes through the hole 13 and moves toward the coolant 34 through the make-up water guide pipe 18 extending in the z-axis direction.

A rupture plate 15 is formed at the center of the top of the make-up water storage container 10, and the rupture plate 15 is ruptured when the pressure inside the reactor vessel 30 is equal to or higher than a preset pressure. In this case, as the pressure inside the reactor vessel 30 decreases, the transfer unit 20 rises, and the make-up water 33 accommodated in the make-up water storage vessel 10 passes through the third through-hole 13 to the reactor vessel 30 Is supplied as.

The make-up water storage container 10 uses the rupture plate 15 to damage the reactor and generate an abnormal high pressure in the reactor vessel 30, but the rupture plate 15 is ruptured and the transfer unit 20 rises to make the make-up water completely passive. Since (33) can be supplied to the reactor vessel (30), it is possible to quickly and immediately cool the reactor core (31).

The upper side of the support unit 16 has a curved shape extending in the x-axis direction, and is connected to both sides of the rupture plate 15 to fix the rupture plate 15. The side surface of the support part 16 extends in the z-axis direction to form an inner space, and the upper cylinder 25 is positioned in the inner space to guide the movement of the upper cylinder 25. When the transfer part 20 rises, the upper cylinder 25 moves upward along the side of the support part 16.

An elastic portion 19 made of a material having elasticity is formed on a side portion of the make-up water storage container 10. The expansion and contraction unit 19 absorbs thermal expansion due to a temperature difference between the makeup water storage container 10 and the transfer unit 20. Since the elastic part 19 may be changed in shape according to the temperature difference inside the make-up water storage container 10, the structural stability of the make-up water storage container 10 can be improved. The elastic part 19 may have a bellows shape and may have a structure that expands and contracts in the z-axis direction according to thermal expansion.

The transfer part 20 includes a first valve 21, a second valve 22, an inlet hole 23, an outlet hole 24, an upper cylinder 25, a fine hole 26, a first protrusion 27, and It includes a second protrusion 28. The transfer unit 20 extends in the z-axis direction and is located inside the make-up water storage container 10. The transfer unit 20 includes an internal space, and moves up and down according to the pressure inside the reactor vessel 30. When the pressure inside the reactor vessel 30 is greater than or equal to a preset pressure, the transfer unit 20 may cause the rupture plate 15 to rupture and the pressure of the make-up water storage container 10 to be lowered so that the transfer unit 20 may rise.

Referring to FIG. 5, a first valve 21 and a second valve 22 protruding outward from the transfer unit 20 are formed below the transfer unit 20. The first valve 21 and the second valve 22 may have a shape that extends in the x-axis direction while being positioned to face each other, and has a curve and extends in the z-axis direction.

The first valve 21 controls the movement of the coolant 34 accommodated in the reactor vessel 30 according to the rise of the transfer unit 20. The upper part of the first valve 21 is inserted into the fourth through-hole 14, passes through the coolant guide pipe 17, and the lower end is inserted into the first through-hole 11. In this case, since the first valve 21 maintains a closed state between the coolant guide pipe 17 and the lower portion of the reactor vessel 30, the coolant 34 does not move to the coolant guide pipe 17.

The second valve 22 controls the movement of the make-up water 33 accommodated in the make-up water storage container 10 according to the rise of the transfer unit 20. Since the second valve 22 is inserted into the third through-hole 13 to maintain a closed state between the make-up water guide pipe 18 and the lower portion of the reactor vessel 30, the make-up water 33 is Do not go to (18).

Referring to FIG. 6, when the transfer part 20 rises, the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 are removed from the first through hole 11 and the third through hole 13, respectively, so that the coolant is guided. The tube 17 and the make-up water guide tube 18 are in an open state. The coolant 34 moves from the reactor vessel 30 to the coolant guide tube 17 through the opening of the coolant guide tube 17, and the make-up water 33 is made up through the opening of the make-up water guide tube 18. It moves from the storage vessel 10 to the reactor vessel 30.

Referring back to FIG. 4, an inlet hole 23 having a hole shape penetrating one side of the transfer part 20 in the x-axis direction is formed under the transfer part 20. The inlet hole 23 is positioned on a parallel line with the second through hole 12 and is positioned facing the side of the coolant guide tube 17. When the transfer part 20 rises, the inlet hole 23 and the second through hole 12 face each other in the x-axis direction and are aligned in an interconnected state. An outlet hole 24 in the shape of a hole penetrating through one side of the transfer unit 20 in the x-axis direction is formed on the top of the transfer unit 20. The outlet holes 24 may be formed in the transfer unit 20 to face each other as a pair.

When the transfer unit 20 rises, the coolant 34 passes through the coolant guide tube 17, the second through hole 12, and the inlet hole 23 in order to move to the inner space of the transfer unit 20, It moves to the outside of the transfer unit 20 through the outlet hole 24 again. In this case, the coolant 34 may be mixed with the make-up water 33 in a high-temperature gaseous state.

The upper cylinder 25 is connected to the upper part of the transfer part 20 and the upper side is located in the inner space of the support part 16. A fine hole 26 is formed in the upper cylinder 25 to maintain the same pressure inside the reactor vessel 30.

The first protrusion 27 extends from the top of the upper cylinder 25 in the z-axis direction and may have a triangular cross-section. Since the second protrusion 28 extends in the x-axis direction from the side of the upper cylinder 25 and contacts the side surface of the support 16 and can move upward, the stability of the upward movement of the transfer unit 20 can be improved. When the transfer part 20 rises, the first protrusion 27 is inserted into the space where the rupture plate 15 is ruptured, and the second protrusion 28 abuts the curved shape on the upper side of the support part 16. That is, when the rupture plate 15 is ruptured and the conveying part 20 rises, the first protrusion 27 and the second protrusion 28 may close the rupture space of the rupture plate 15.

Hereinafter, a method of injecting make-up water using the make-up water injection device 1 of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

When the pressure inside the reactor vessel 30 is equal to or higher than a preset pressure, the make-up water injection device 1 ruptures the rupture plate 15 positioned above the make-up water storage vessel 10. When the rupture plate 15 is ruptured, the pressure of the make-up water storage container 10 decreases, and the conveying unit 20 rises upward along the z-axis direction.

When the conveying part 20 rises, the upper cylinder 25 is inserted into the rupture space of the rupture plate 15 to close the rupture space, and the first valve 21 and the second valve 22 each have a first through hole ( 11) and the third through hole 13, the inlet hole 23 is aligned facing the second through hole 12.

On the other hand, when the inside of the reactor vessel 30 is formed at high temperature and high pressure, the received coolant 34 is filled with the coolant 34 in a gaseous state evaporated due to high heat in the upper space of the water surface of the coolant 34. The high-temperature and low-density coolant 34 passes through the first through hole 11, the coolant guide tube 17, the second through hole 12, and the inlet hole 23 in order to move to the inner space of the transfer unit 20. do. The high-temperature and low-density coolant 34 moves to the upper portion of the transfer unit 20 along the inner space of the transfer unit 20 and moves to the outside of the transfer unit 20 through the outlet hole 24. The coolant 34 discharged through the outlet hole 24 may be mixed with the make-up water 33 of the make-up water storage container 10.

The make-up water 33 passes through the make-up water guide pipe 18 through the third through hole 13 and moves toward the coolant 34. That is, when the transfer unit 20 rises, the make-up water injection device 1 moves the high-temperature and low-density coolant 34 inside the reactor vessel 30 to the make-up water storage container 10, and the make-up water storage container ( As the make-up water 33 of 10) moves to the reactor vessel 30 by gravity, natural circulation convection may be achieved.

Conventional core make-up water tanks are installed outside the reactor vessel, and the make-up water is controlled by electrical signals by connecting the core make-up water tank and the reactor vessel through a pipe. In this case, secondary damage may occur.

On the other hand, since the make-up water injection device 1 can realize complete self-driven cooling, it is possible to remove residual heat from the reactor core without a separate control instruction even if the reactor does not stop due to abnormal high pressure conditions or failure of the control rod. It is possible.

In addition, since the make-up water injection device 1 is passive and does not require separate control instructions, additional damage due to power loss accidents or errors in electrical signals can be prevented in advance, and the addition of conventional connection pipes, valves, etc. Since it does not include a conventional configuration, it can reduce the volume of the reactor and can be applied to small reactors.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements of those skilled in the art using the basic concept of the present invention defined in the following claims are also present. It belongs to the scope of rights of

1: Make-up water injection device 10: Make-up water storage container
11. First through hole 12. Second through hole
13. 3rd through hole 14. 4th through hole
15. Rupture disc 16. Support
17. Coolant guide tube 18. Make-up water guide tube
19. Expansion part 20. Transfer part
21. First valve 22. Second valve
23. Entrance hall 24. Exit hall
25. Upper cylinder 26. Fine hole
27. First protrusion 28. Second protrusion
30. Reactor vessel 31. Reactor core
32. Control rod drive mechanism 33. Make-up water
34. Coolant 35. Coolant Container
36. Steam generator 37. Heat exchanger
38. Circulation pump

Claims (18)

A make-up water storage container located inside the reactor vessel and accommodating make-up water, and
A transfer unit that is located inside the make-up water storage container and moves up and down according to the pressure of the reactor container
Including,
When the transfer unit rises, the make-up water is injected into a coolant container located inside the reactor vessel,
The transfer unit is located under the transfer unit and includes an inlet hole for introducing the coolant accommodated in the coolant container into the inner space of the transfer unit,
The make-up water storage container is located below the make-up water storage container, is located above the coolant, is located opposite to the first through hole and the inlet hole through which the coolant passes, and the coolant passing through the first through hole passes. Make-up water injection device comprising a coolant guide tube having a second through hole formed therein. In claim 1,
The make-up water storage container comprises a rupture plate positioned above the make-up water storage container and ruptured when the pressure is higher than a preset pressure. In paragraph 2,
The transfer unit, a make-up water injection device that rises when the rupture plate is ruptured. delete In claim 1,
The conveying unit is positioned above the conveying unit and includes an outlet hole for discharging the coolant moved along the inner space of the conveying unit to the outside of the conveying unit. delete In claim 1,
The make-up water storage container includes a make-up water guide pipe positioned under the make-up water storage container and having a third through-hole through which the make-up water passes in a direction toward the coolant container. In claim 1,
The transfer unit is located under the transfer unit, protrudes to the outside of the transfer unit, the make-up water injection device including a first valve that is inserted into the first through hole to control the movement of the coolant. In clause 7,
The conveying part is located under the conveying part, protruding outward from the conveying part, inserted into the third through hole, and including a second valve for controlling the movement of the make-up water. In paragraph 2,
The transfer unit, the make-up water injection device comprising an upper cylinder connected to the upper portion of the transfer unit and inserted into the space where the rupture plate is ruptured when the transfer unit is raised. In claim 1,
The make-up water storage container is located on the side of the make-up water storage container and includes an elastic part for absorbing thermal expansion. Providing a make-up water storage container for accommodating make-up water inside the reactor vessel,
The step of rupturing a rupture plate located on the top of the make-up water storage container when the pressure of the nuclear reactor exceeds a preset pressure,
The step of raising the transfer part inside the make-up water storage container,
Opening the first through hole and the third through hole as the first valve and the second valve rise along the transfer part,
A step in which the inlet hole formed in the lower part of the transfer part and the second through hole face each other and are aligned,
The coolant of the reactor vessel passes through the first through hole and the second through hole in sequence and moves along the inner space of the transfer unit,
Injecting the make-up water into the coolant of the reactor vessel through the third through hole, and
Discharging the coolant that has moved along the inner space of the conveying part to an outlet hole formed on the upper part of the conveying part
Make-up water injection method comprising a. The reactor core, the control rod driving mechanism, the reactor vessel in which the coolant vessel is located,
A steam generator connected to the reactor vessel,
A heat exchanger located inside the steam generator, and
It includes a circulation pump connected to the reactor vessel,
The reactor vessel further includes a make-up water injection device located inside the reactor vessel,
The make-up water injection device is connected or blocked with the coolant container according to the pressure of the reactor container,
The make-up water injection device includes a make-up water storage container located inside the reactor vessel and receiving make-up water, and a transfer unit located inside the make-up water storage container and moving up and down according to the pressure of the reactor vessel, and the transfer unit is raised. If so, the make-up water is injected into the coolant container,
The transfer unit is located under the transfer unit and includes an inlet hole for introducing the coolant accommodated in the coolant container into the inner space of the transfer unit,
The make-up water storage container is located below the make-up water storage container, is located above the coolant, is located opposite to the first through hole and the inlet hole through which the coolant passes, and the coolant passing through the first through hole passes. A nuclear power generation system comprising a coolant guide tube having a second through hole formed therein. delete In claim 13,
The make-up water storage container includes a rupture plate positioned above the make-up water storage container and ruptures when the pressure is higher than a preset pressure, and the transfer unit rises when the rupture plate is ruptured. In paragraph 15,
The make-up water storage container is connected to the coolant container and the make-up water guide pipe, and the make-up water guide pipe is opened as the transfer unit rises to inject the make-up water into the coolant container. In paragraph 16,
The make-up water storage container is connected through the coolant container and the coolant guide pipe, and the coolant guide pipe is opened as the transfer unit rises to inject the coolant into the inner space of the transfer unit. In paragraph 17,
The coolant moved along the inner space of the transfer unit is discharged to the outside of the transfer unit and moves to the make-up water storage container.

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