KR102243447B1 - A method for estimating phosphorus digestibility of feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an equation for estimating the phosphorus digestibility of general pig feed by using the phosphorus digestibility of feed measured using mini pigs, and is easy to handle during metabolic experiments due to its small size and slow growth rate. It was confirmed that the usable mini-pigs had a high correlation with normal pigs in phosphorus digestibility. Using this, an equation for estimating the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus and the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feedstuffs was derived from the phosphorus digestibility data of mini-pig feedstock. It was confirmed that it can be a good substitute variable.

Description

Estimation of Phosphorus Digestibility in Feed {A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PHOSPHORUS DIGESTIBILITY OF FEED}

The present invention is a method of estimating the phosphorus digestibility of feed, specifically, by using the phosphorus digestibility of feed measured using a mini pig, the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus and the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus of a general pig feed are based on an equation About.

Most animal feeds are aimed at providing at least the minimum requirements of nutrients to sustain the animals receiving them. There is a need to analyze the feed for nutrient levels and to determine when the feed meets the energy and nutrient requirements of the intended animal. Nutrients in animal feed are made available to animals by digestion of the feed within the animal's gastrointestinal tract. The nutrients that are digested are absorbed and used by animals for energy, growth, and development. Most of the nutrients that are not digested pass through the animal's intestines, reducing the nutritional value of the feed. The digestibility of animal feed can be assessed by using in vitro or in vivo digestion models and analyzing the nutrients remaining in the digested feed by wet chemical analysis method. In particular, feed occupies the largest part in pig production. Raw material feed, which is a source of energy, accounts for the largest portion of feed costs. Therefore, it is important to accurately measure the phosphorus digestibility of raw feed.

Meanwhile, the digestibility refers to a value obtained by subtracting the content of nutrients excreted in minutes among ingested nutrients. The method of measuring the digestibility of nutrients using pigs can be classified into a method of measuring ileum digestibility and a method of measuring fecal digestion rate according to the collection site of digestive contents. The method of measuring ileal digestibility is a method performed to subtract the effect of anaerobic microorganisms living in the large intestine on the digestibility of amino acids derived from feed. How to measure it.

Pigs have a digestive system similar to humans, so they are also used as human models (Brandt et al., 1998). In particular, mini-pigs have been used in nutritional studies as well as xenotransplantation. The characteristics of mini pigs are smaller in size and slower growth rate compared to normal pigs, so they are easy to handle during metabolic experiments in pigs and can be used for long-term experiments.

However, there is no known study comparing phosphorus digestibility of raw material feeds of mini pigs and normal pigs. It is urgent to develop an equation that measures the phosphorus digestibility of raw material feeds in mini-pigs and normal pigs, and estimates the phosphorus digestibility of raw material feeds of ordinary pigs from mini-pigs.

It is an object of the present invention to develop a formula for estimating the phosphorus digestibility of raw material feed of general pigs from the measurement of the phosphorus digestibility of raw material feed and the phosphorus digestibility data of the raw material feed of mini pigs.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for analyzing raw pig raw material feed using the phosphorus digestibility of mini pigs.

In addition, the present invention provides a method of measuring the phosphorus digestibility of raw pig feed.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing a pig feed comprising the step of analyzing the phosphorus digestibility of the general pig raw material feed.

Finally, the present invention provides an apparatus for analyzing the phosphorus digestibility of general pig feed.

In the present invention, by confirming that mini-pigs that can be used in metabolic experiments due to their small size and slow growth rate and that can be used for long-term experiments have a high positive correlation with normal pigs in phosphorus digestibility, An equation to estimate the phosphorus digestibility of pigs was derived, and through this, the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in pig feed and raw materials and the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus can be easily measured.

1 is a diagram confirming the correlation of the overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pigs and mini pigs.
commercial pigs: common pigs; And
mini pigs: mini pigs.
Figure 2 is a diagram confirming the correlation of the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus of normal pigs and mini pigs.
commercial pigs: common pigs; And
mini pigs: mini pigs.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail as an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are presented as examples of the present invention, and if it is determined that a detailed description of a technique or configuration well known to those skilled in the art may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description may be omitted. However, the present invention is not limited thereby. The present invention is capable of various modifications and applications within the scope of equality interpreted from the description of the claims to be described later and therefrom.

In addition, terms used in the present specification are terms used to properly express preferred embodiments of the present invention, which may vary depending on the intention of users or operators, or customs in the field to which the present invention belongs. Therefore, definitions of these terms should be made based on the contents throughout the present specification. Throughout the specification, when a part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included rather than excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary.

All technical terms used in the present invention, unless otherwise defined, are used in the same meaning as those of ordinary skill in the art generally understand in the related field of the present invention. In addition, although preferred methods or samples are described in the present specification, those similar or equivalent are included in the scope of the present invention. The contents of all publications referred to herein by reference are incorporated into the present invention.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for analyzing feed using the phosphorus digestibility of mini-pigs.

In one embodiment, the feed may be pig feed ingredients.

In one embodiment, the phosphorus digestibility may be an apparent total digestion rate or a standard total digestion rate of phosphorus.

The term w/w (weight/weight) as used herein refers to the amount of a given substance in the composition on a weight basis.

The term “feed” as used herein refers to the material(s) consumed by the animal and contribute energy and/or nutrients to the animal's diet. Examples of feed include, but are not limited to, fully blended feed (TMR), trough(s), pellet(s), concentrate(s), premix(s), by-product(s), grain(s), distillers( distiller) grain(s), molasses, fiber(s), fodder(s), grass(s), hay, kernel(s), leaves, meal, soluble substance(s), and supplements Include(s).

In one aspect, the present invention comprises the steps of measuring the overall digestion rate of phosphorus in the feed in a mini pig; And it relates to a method of measuring the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in the general pig feed by substituting the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in the following equation (1).

[Equation 1]

Overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =

(1.1593 × Total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 7.165

R ² = 0.82, P <0.05

In one aspect, the present invention comprises the steps of measuring the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in feed in mini pigs; And it relates to a method of measuring the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in the general pig feed by substituting the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in the following equation (2).

[Equation 2]

Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =

(0.9882 × Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 2.6394

R ² = 0.88, P <0.05

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a feed manufacturing method comprising the step of analyzing the phosphorus digestibility of the raw material feed.

In one embodiment, the phosphorus digestibility of the raw material feed may be analyzed using the phosphorus digestibility measured by the mini-pig to determine a predetermined nutritional profile of the feed ingredient, and the feed may be prepared in accordance therewith.

In one aspect, the present invention is a measuring unit for measuring the phosphorus digestibility of the mini-pig feed; And it may be a general pig feed analysis device including an operation unit for calculating the phosphorus digestibility of the general pig feed from the measurement data.

In one embodiment, the phosphorus digestibility may be an analysis device that is an apparent total digestion rate or a standard total digestion rate of phosphorus.

In one embodiment, the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus may be an analysis device calculated by Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

Overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =

(1.1593 × Total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 7.165

R ² = 0.82, P <0.05

In one embodiment, the standard total area digestion rate of phosphorus may be an analysis device calculated by Equation 2 below.

[Equation 2]

Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =

(0.9882 × Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 2.6394

R ² = 0.88, P <0.05

The present invention will be described in more detail through the following examples. However, the following examples are only for embodiing the contents of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1. Feed preparation and analysis of nutrients in feed

Five kinds of experimental diets were formulated so that soybean meal (SBM), corn protein skin (CGF), palm meal (CM), palm meal (PKE) and pumpkin meal (SEP) were the only sources of Phosphorus in the test diet. In addition, as shown in Table 1, the nutrients in the raw material feed were analyzed.

Composition Ingredient SBM CGF CM PKE SEP Dry matter,% 89.4 89.6 89.1 90.1 94.3 Gross energy, kcal/kg 47.9 19.0 21.4 15.1 41.2 Crude protein,% 1.05 2.06 1.78 5.67 18.2 Ether extract,% 5.92 5.75 7.18 4.59 8.96 Ash,% 89.4 89.6 89.1 90.1 94.3 Neutral detergent fiber,% 6.23 32.8 55.5 65.5 35.7 Acid detergent fiber,% 3.20 9.1 31.5 46.8 19.5

The SBM is soybean meal, soybean meal; CGF is corn gluten feed, corn protein coat; CM is copra meal, coconut meal; PKE is palm kernel expellers, palm bak; SEP stands for sesame expellers, homabak, and dry matter is a building; Gross energy is total energy; crude protein is crude protein; Ether extract is crude fat; Ash is ash; Neutral detergent fiber refers to fiber insoluble in neutral detergent and acid detergent fiber refers to fiber insoluble in acid detergent.

Example 2. Measurement of phosphorus digestibility of experimental feed in mini pigs

Phosphorus (Phosphorus) was prepared to measure the loss of unphosphorous acid feed. In addition, 12 mini pigs (initial weight: 66.8 kg) improved from Jeju Island native pigs were disclosed in Korea and individually specified in the dialogue frame. It proceeded with a square design. The experimental feed was fed 2.7 times the maintenance energy based on body weight (ie, 197 kcal ME/kg BW ^0.6 ; NRC 2012). The same amount was divided and fed twice a day, and manure and urine were collected by the starch collection method (Kong and Adeola, 2014). As a result, the phosphorus digestibility of the experimental feed measured in the mini pig was shown in Table 2. The experimental data for this was the MIXED procedure of the SAS (SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC) program.

Item SBM CGF CM PKE SEP SEM P -value n 8 6 9 10 6 Average daily feed intake, g/d 1,683 ^ab 1,545 ^ab 1,645 ^ab 1,433 ^b 1,831 ^a 113 0.038 P intake, g/d 2.84 ^b 3.00 ^b 2.02 ^c 1.66 ^c 4.16 ^a 0.17 <0.001 Fecal output, g/d 79.2 ^c 159 ^b 137 ^b 150 ^b 267 ^a 13.2 <0.001 P in feces,% 2.87 ^a 1.44 ^b 0.96 ^c 0.70 ^c 1.44 ^b 0.08 <0.001 P output, g/d 2.19 ^b 2.28 ^b 1.32 ^c 1.01 ^c 3.81 ^a 0.17 <0.001 ATTD of P,% 23.0 ^bc 23.9 ^abc 34.8 ^ab 37.8 ^a 8.7 ^c 3.92 <0.001 STTD of P,% 41.9 ^b 40.2 ^b 60.0 ^a 64.5 ^a 22.7 ^c 3.92 <0.001

^ac Within a row, means without a common superscript differ ( P <0.05).

Example 3. Measurement of phosphorus digestibility of experimental feed in general pigs

Phosphorus (Phosphorus) was prepared to measure the loss of unphosphorous acid feed. In addition, 12 general pigs (initial weight: 42.8 kg) were disclosed in Korea and individually specified in the dialogue frame, and the experimental design of each pig was carried out as a 6 × 5 incomplete Latin square design in 2 iterations. The experimental feed was fed 2.7 times the maintenance energy based on body weight (ie, 197 kcal ME/kg BW ^0.6 ; NRC 2012). The same amount was divided and fed twice a day, and manure and urine were collected by the starch collection method (Kong and Adeola, 2014). As a result, the phosphorus digestibility of the experimental feed measured in general pigs was shown in Table 3. The experimental data for this was the MIXED procedure of the SAS (SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC) program.

Item SBM CGF CM PKE SEP SEM ¹ P -value n 10 6 6 8 7 Average daily feed intake, g/d 1,343 ^a 926.8 ^b 1,021 ^b 845.0 ^b 1,375 ^a 77.8 <0.001 P intake, g/d 2.26 ^b 1.75 ^c 1.30 ^cd 0.99 ^d 3.02 ^a 0.14 <0.001 Fecal output, g/d 55.67 ^b 87.86 ^b 77.51 ^b 70.70 ^b 171.3 ^a 10.5 <0.001 P in feces,% 2.87 ^a 1.45 ^b 0.70 ^c 0.70 ^c 1.45 ^b 0.09 <0.001 P output, g/d 1.52 ^b 1.24 ^b 0.55 ^c 0.46 ^c 2.44 ^a 0.10 <0.001 ATTD of P,% 30.03 ^c 29.53 ^bc 57.51 ^a 47.43 ^ab 19.74 ^c 5.58 <0.001 STTD of P,% 40.29 ^b 38.37 ^b 71.59 ^a 62.02 ^a 27.37 ^b 5.59 <0.001

^ac Within a row, means without a common superscript differ ( P <0.05).

¹ Standard error of the means.

Example 4. Equation for Estimating Phosphorus Digestibility of Raw Material Feed in Mini Pigs and General Pigs

The phosphorus digestibility of each raw material feed in mini pigs and general pigs measured in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 4 below. A t-test was conducted to analyze the difference in the phosphorus digestibility in the feed between mini pigs and general pigs, and using the REG procedure, after estimating the phosphorus digestibility in feed in general pigs based on mini pig data, the estimation equation made.

Item Pig breed SEM P -value Mini Commercial Phosphorus Appearance Total Digestion Rate (ATTD),% Soybean meal 22.7 30.6 3.68 0.146 Corn gluten feed 23.5 29.5 5.15 0.202 Coconut meal 34.9 57.3 4.67 0.004 Palm kemel meal 37.6 45.9 4.29 0.189 Sesame expellers 8.31 19.7 2.54 0.009 Standard battlefield extinguishing rate of phosphorus (STTD),% Soybean meal 41.5 40.9 3.68 0.907 Corn gluten feed 39.8 38.3 5.15 0.728 Coconut meal 60.0 71.4 4.60 0.099 Palm kemel meal 64.4 60.5 4.29 0.536 Pumpkin (Sesame expellers) 22.3 27.4 2.54 0.189 Basal endogenous loss of P, mg/kg of DMI ¹ 332 181 46.0 0.032

¹ Dry matter intake.

According to Table 4, the apparent total digestibility (as-fed basis) of phosphorus in soybean meal, corn protein peel, palm meal, palm meal, and pumpkin meal was 22.7, 23.5, 34.9, 37.6 and 8.31% for mini pigs. In general pigs, 30.6, 29.5, 57.3, 45.9 and 19.7% were found. In addition, the standard total digestion rates (as-fed basis) of phosphorus in soybean meal, corn protein coat, palm meal, palm meal and pumpkin meal were 41.5, 39.8, 60.0, 64.4 and 22.3% for mini pigs, and general In the case of pigs, 40.9, 38.3, 71.4, 60.5 and 27.4% were found.

Based on the above results, the apparent total digestion rate (r = 0.91) and the standard total digestion rate (r = 0.94) showed a high correlation between mini-pigs and normal pigs (see FIGS. 1 and 2). Therefore, the equation for estimating the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pigs using the phosphorus digestibility of mini-pigs was derived by Equation 1 below, and the equation for estimating the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in ordinary pigs using the phosphorus digestibility rate of mini-pigs is as follows It was derived from Equation 2.

[Equation 1]

Overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =

(1.1593 × Total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 7.165

R ² = 0.82, P <0.05

[Equation 2]

Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =

(0.9882 × Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 2.6394

R ² = 0.88, P <0.05

In conclusion, it can be seen that mini-pigs are capable of measuring the phosphorus digestibility of raw materials for general pigs. In other words, it was confirmed that mini-pigs can be a good independent variable that can substitute for the measurement of phosphorus digestibility in feed and raw materials in general pigs.

Claims (12)

Measuring the overall digestion rate of phosphorus in the feed in the mini pig; And
Substituting the total apparent digestion rate of phosphorus of the mini pig into Equation 1 below; Including,
The mini-pig is characterized in that it is improved from Jeju black pig, a method for measuring the overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed.
[Equation 1]
Overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =
(1.1593 × Total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 7.165 The method of claim 1,
The feed is a raw material feed (feed ingredients), a method for measuring the overall digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed. Measuring the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in the feed in the mini-pig; And
Substituting the standard total site digestion rate of phosphorus of the mini pig into Equation 2 below; Including,
The method for measuring the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed, characterized in that the mini-pig is improved from Jeju black pig.
[Equation 2]
Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed =
(0.9882 × Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini-pig feed) + 2.6394 The method of claim 3,
The feed is a raw material feed (feed ingredients), a method of measuring the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed. Measuring the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus or the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in the mini-pig feed improved from Jeju black pigs;
Analyzing the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus or the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed using the value measured in the above step;
Determining a predetermined nutritional profile of the feed ingredient according to the analysis result; And
Including; preparing a feed conforming to the nutritional profile,
The apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus is calculated by Equation 1 below,
The standard total digestion rate of phosphorus is calculated by the following equation (2), feed manufacturing method.
[Equation 1]
The apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed = (1.1593 × the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini pig feed) + 7.165
[Equation 2]
Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed = (0.9882 × standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini pig feed) + 2.6394 delete delete delete Phosphorus digestibility measurement unit of mini-pig feed; And
Including; phosphorus digestibility calculation unit of general pig raw material feed,
The mini-pig is characterized in that it is an improved mini-pig from Jeju black pig,
The phosphorus digestibility is characterized in that the apparent total digestion rate or the standard total digestion rate of phosphorus,
The apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus is calculated by Equation 1 below,
The standard total digestion rate of phosphorus is calculated by the following equation (2), feed analysis device.
[Equation 1]
The apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed = (1.1593 × the apparent total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini pig feed) + 7.165
[Equation 2]
Standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in general pig feed = (0.9882 × standard total digestion rate of phosphorus in mini pig feed) + 2.6394 delete delete delete

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