KR102237774B1 - 3D printer and 3D printing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a 3D printer. The present invention provides the 3D printer including: a feeder for supplying resin; an extruder that melts the resin supplied from the feeder and proceeds along an extrusion path; a printer head for injecting the molten resin of the extruder through an injection hole; a bed for providing a support surface of the resin to be injected through the printer head so that the resin to be injected is laminated in a row; a driver for moving the printer head or the bed in three axial directions relative to each other to adjust the ejection position of the printer head, so as to mold the resin laminated on the bed into a three-dimensional sculpture; and a pressing machine moved by the driver and pressurizing the laminated resin injected through the printer head and laminated in a row, so that a section of the laminated resin row is formed into a rectangle corresponding to a section of the previously laminated resin row at an adjacent position. According to the present invention, the interfacial bonding force is strengthened between the resin rows laminated by 3D printing, so that the physical properties of the molded sculpture is improved, the collapse of the structure formed by the weight thereof is greatly reduced during the process of laminating the resin row, and the shrinkage caused by cooling during the molding process is prevented.

Description

3D printer and 3D printing method using the same {3D printer and 3D printing method using the same}

The present invention relates to a 3D printer and a 3D printing method using the same, and in more detail, by removing empty spaces between the stacked resin rows by compressing the printed and stacked resin rows, the interlayer bonding strength of the stacked resin rows is improved. It relates to a possible 3D printer and a 3D printing method using the same.

3D printing is a process of laminating materials to create an object using 3D model data in a method of extruding a resin to produce additive manufacturing (AM) or solid-freeform fabrication (SFF).

In such 3D printing, since the resin is extruded in a circular shape, it is inevitably stacked and empty spaces between adjacent resins are inevitably included. This immediately leads to the deterioration of the physical properties of the three-dimensional sculpture that is molded, and as a result, the usage is limited.

『Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0098789』

The present invention relates to a 3D printer capable of improving interlayer bonding between 3D printed resin rows and a 3D printing method using the same.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention, a feeder for supplying a resin; An extruder that melts the resin supplied from the feeder and proceeds along an extrusion path; A printer head for injecting the molten resin of the extruder through an injection hole; A bed that provides a support surface of the resin injected through the printer head so that the injected resin is laminated to form a row; A driver that moves the print head or the bed in a three-axis direction with respect to each other to adjust the injection position of the print head so that the resin laminated on the bed is molded into a three-dimensional sculpture; And a rectangle that is moved by the driver and is injected through the printer head to form a row to pressurize the laminated resin, so that the cross section of the laminated resin row corresponds to the cross section of the resin row miraculously laminated at an adjacent position. It provides a 3D printer including a pressurizer to be formed into.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention includes the steps of receiving 3D modeling data of a three-dimensional sculpture for molding through a control device; Supplying the resin through a feeder; Melting the resin supplied from the feeder through an extruder and proceeding along the extrusion path; Injecting the molten resin of the extruder through the injection hole of the printer head to heat the bed to laminate it; Moving the print head or the bed in a three-axis direction with respect to each other through a driver to adjust the injection position of the print head so that the resin to be injected and laminated is molded into a three-dimensional sculpture; And it provides a 3D printing method comprising the step of pressing the resin row stacked on the bed through a presser, so that the cross-section of the stacked resin row is formed in a rectangle corresponding to the cross-section of the resin row previously stacked in an adjacent position. .

According to the present invention, there are the following effects.

First, by enhancing the interfacial bonding force between the resin rows stacked by 3D printing, it is expected to improve the physical properties of the molded object.

Second, it is possible to greatly reduce the collapse of the molded structure due to its own weight in the process of laminating the resin heat, as well as to prevent the shrinkage due to cooling during the molding process.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part showing a resin thermal printing process of the printer head of FIG. 1 and a resin thermal compression process of a pressurizer of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is for comparing the conventionally laminated resin row and the compressed and laminated resin row of the present invention. FIG. 3(a) shows a conventionally laminated resin row having a circular cross section, and FIG. 3(b) shows the present invention. It is a diagram showing a row of resins having a rectangular cross section to be compressed and laminated.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a 3D printing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1 schematically shows the overall configuration of a 3D printer 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the 3D printer 100 of the present invention is to improve the bonding force between the resin rows (RR) to be laminated, the feeder 110, the extruder 120, the printer head 130, the bed 140 , A driver 150, a pressurizer 160 and a control device 170.

The feeder 110 supplies raw materials (hereinafter referred to as “resin”) contained therein to the extruder 120 and includes a feed pipe 111 and a heating coil 112. The supply pipe 111 connects the main body of the feeder 110 and the extruder 120 to form a supply path of the resin, and the heating coil 112 is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the supply pipe 111 and moves through the supply pipe 111. By reducing solidification due to cooling of the extruder 120, the movement of the resin supplied to the extruder 120 is smooth.

Here, the raw material is a major material for shaping a three-dimensional product, and any one of plastic, liquid material, rubber, stainless steel, and steel can be selected and used, as well as easily supplying these raw materials to the extruder 120. Any configuration that may be used may be borrowed from and used in the present invention.

The extruder 120 plasticizes the resin supplied from the feeder 110 so that the resin is supplied to the printer head 130 in a molten state. Includes part 122. The screw 121 rotates within the body of the extruder 120 to push the resin supplied into the extruder 120 in the direction of the printer head 130, and the band heater is formed along the internal extrusion path of the extruder 120 and extruded. Provides continuous heat to the path. Accordingly, the resin in the extruder 120 may be provided to the printer head 130 in a molten state by rotational driving force of the screw 121 and heating of the band heater. At this time, in the extruder 120, a hollow portion 122 is formed along the extrusion path to insulate the extrusion path.

The printer head 130 is a nozzle formed at the rear end of the extrusion path of the extruder 120, and an injection hole 131 for injecting the molten resin of the extruder 120 is formed in the inner center.

The bed 140 provides an output space in which a resin injected and molded from the printer head 130 is heated to be seated and fixed.

The driver 150 moves the print head 130 and the bed 140 in the three-axis direction with respect to each other so that the resin injected from the above-described printer head 130 and laminated is molded into a certain sculpture. For adjusting the injection position of the print head 130, a head driving unit 151 for adjusting the position of the print head 130 and a bed driving unit 152 for adjusting the position of the bed 140 are included. Here, the above-described configurations related to the driving actuators of each of the driving units 151 and 152 may be well-known configurations, and since they are known technical configurations, detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

The pressurizer 160 is injected through the printer head 130 and moves along the stacked resin column RR, and the resin column RR stacked on the upper surface of the bed 140 or a resin column previously stacked at an adjacent position ( By compressing the RRs to the adjacent resin rows RR, respectively or together, a pressure roller 161 and a guide bar 162 are included. The pressure roller 161 is rotatably installed in the moving direction under the main body of the press machine 160 to press the stacked resin rows RR in the longitudinal direction, and the guide bar 162 is the end of the press roller 161 It is installed on and formed extending in the longitudinal direction, thereby covering the stacked resin rows RR in the transverse direction. At this time, by blocking the side of the stacked resin row RR that is pushed out in the transverse direction by the longitudinal pressurization of the pressing roller 161 so that a part of the resin row RR moving in the transverse direction is guided in the longitudinal direction, stacking The cross-section of the resin column RR and the cross-section of the resin column RR previously stacked at a position adjacent to each other may form a rectangular shape corresponding to each other. Accordingly, in the three-dimensional sculpture to be molded, the empty space between the resin rows RR is reduced, so that the molding process becomes easier, and the physical properties of the sculpture can be improved accordingly.

Here, detailed configurations and functions of the guide bar 162 will be described in detail again in FIGS. 2 and 3 to be described later.

The control device 170 is for controlling the remaining components of the 3D printer 100 described above, and receives the 3D modeling data of the three-dimensional sculpture and melts it through the feeder 110, the extruder 120, and the printer head 130. In addition to controlling the extrusion process of the resin, the printer head 130 and the bed 140 are moved in a three-axis direction with respect to each other through the actuator 150 so that the molten resin heat (RR) extruded forms a certain shape. This allows the three-dimensional sculpture to be molded. In addition, as well as controlling the general functions of the 3D printer 100 described above, the pressurizer 160 is controlled to form a stacked structure of the stacked resin rows RR in a square shape.

In the following, the stacked structure of the stacked resin rows RR according to the pressing operation of the pressurizer 160 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

2 and 3, in the 3D printer 100 of the present invention, as described above, the printer head 130 and the bed 140 move in the three-axis direction to stack resin rows RR to create a three-dimensional sculpture. In the process of molding, the pressurizer 160 moves along the printer head 130 and presses the resin heat RR in a melted state by being stacked, thereby forming the laminated structure of the resin heat RR in a square shape. I can.

To this end, the pressurizer 160 of the present invention includes the configuration of the pressurizing roller 161 and the guide bar 162, as described above, and the pressurizing roller 161 is the axial center of the resin row RR. Based on the virtual center line formed along the line, the resin row (RR) is stacked by moving along the print head 130 at a position (d _{2 /2) lower than the radius (d 1 /2) of the injection hole 131} ) Is pressed in the longitudinal direction. At this time, the resin row RR is described assuming that it is stacked on the top surface of the bed 140 or on the top surface of the pre-laminated resin row RR that has already been cured in a rectangular shape by the pressure roller 161 do. The stacked resin row RR is pushed out along the transverse direction by the longitudinal pressing of the pressing roller 161, but is blocked by the guide bar 162 blocking the side and is pushed back up or down in the longitudinal direction. This rectangular structure is formed. Here, the guide bar 162 covers the resin row RR in the transverse direction at a position (interval) smaller than or equal to _{the radius (d 1} /2) of the injection hole 131 based on the imaginary center line.

^{In addition, the width (πr 2} ) of the cross-section (see FIG. 3A) of the resin column (RR) forming a circular shape before _{pressing and the width (d 2} ² ) of the cross-section (see FIG. 3B) of the resin column (RR) forming a rectangular shape by pressing ) Is preferably formed the same as each other, the cross-sectional size of the compression space of the laminated resin row RR formed by the pressing roller 161 and the guide bar 162 is the same as the cross-sectional size of the injection hole 131 It is desirable to be formed.

In order to implement the above-described functions, the guide bar 162 of the present invention is formed in a direction close to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row RR to cover the exposed surface of the stacked resin row RR in the reverse direction of the horizontal stacking direction. And a second guide 162-1 formed in the horizontal stacking direction and in a direction far from the horizontal stacking direction to cover the exposed surface of the stacked resin rows RR in the horizontal stacking direction.

The first and second guides 162-1 and 162-2 have a first shaft 162-1a and a second shaft 162-2a that are axially coupled in the transverse direction of the pressure roller 161, respectively, and each shaft The first plate 162-1b coupled to the free ends of (162-1a, 162-2a) to cover the exposed surface in the direction close to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row RR and the exposure in the direction far from the horizontal stacking direction It includes a second plate (162-2b) covering the surface. In this case, the second shaft 162-2a may be axially slidably coupled to the pressure roller 161 in a transverse direction so that the second plate 162-2b may be spaced apart from or close to the pressure roller 161. In the configuration of the first and second guides 162-1 and 162-2, the first plate 162-1b is covered with the surface in the direction close to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row RR always exposed. It is easy to do, but the resin rows RR are stacked in the horizontal direction on the side in the horizontal stacking direction and the second plate 162-2b covers each resin row RR as only the first row is exposed to the outside. This is because it is not easy to do.

Therefore, when the pressurizer 160 presses and compresses the resin row RR composed of one row, the two plates 162-1b and 162-2b are the near side and the far side in the horizontal lamination direction of the resin row RR. Cover together.

On the other hand, in the case of pressing the resin row RR composed of a plurality of rows, first, when the first row stacked first in one layer (row) has not yet been cured, the print head 130 is The first ······ rows are stacked in the horizontal stacking direction, and the pressing rollers 161 of the pressing machine 160 compress each of the last stacked rows, and a first shaft fixedly coupled to the pressing roller 161 ( 162-1a) and the first plate 162-1b cover the adjacent surface in the horizontal lamination direction of the last row. At this time, the second shaft 162-2a and the second plate 162-2b slidably coupled to the pressure roller 161 continue to cover the distant (exposed) surface of the horizontal stacking chamber of the first row. To this end, the second shaft 162-2a is slid stepwise from the pressure roller 161, so that when the pressure roller 161 moves in the horizontal stacking direction step by step, the second plate 162-2b is fixed. Stay in the location.

On the other hand, when the first row stacked first in one layer (row) has already been cured, the second plate 162-2b deviates from the resin row RR of the first row, and the first plate 162-1b ) Covers the last row of the resin rows RR in which only) are stacked in the reverse direction in the horizontal stacking direction, thereby forming a structure in which the above-described cross-section has a square shape.

Hereinafter, a 3D printing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 4. However, content that overlaps with the previously described content will be abbreviated.

Referring to FIG. 4, the 3D printer 100 of the present invention is for improving the physical properties of a molded sculpture to be laminated, and receives 3D modeling data of a three-dimensional sculpture for molding through the control device 170 (S1100). )

The resin is supplied to the extruder 120 through the feeder 110 (S1200), and the extruder 120 melts the supplied resin and provides it to the printer head 130 along the extrusion path. (S1300) The printer head 130 ) Injects the resin melted and supplied from the extruder 120 through the injection hole 131 in a form forming a plurality of rows and laminated it on the bed 140. (S1400) Here, the driver 150 is a printer head ( 130) Or the bed 140 is moved in a three-axis direction with respect to each other to adjust the injection position of the printer head 130, so that the resin rows RR that are injected and laminated are formed into a three-dimensional sculpture. (S1500)

At this time, the pressurizer 160 pressurizes the resin rows RR stacked on the bed 140, so that the cross-section of the stacked resin rows RR corresponds to the cross-section of the resin rows RR previously stacked at an adjacent position. (S1600) Here, the pressure roller 161 is based on an imaginary center line formed along the center of the stacked resin row RR in order to press the stacked resin row RR in the longitudinal direction. As a result, it is located at a height lower than the radius of the ejection hole 131 (S1610), and the guide bar 162 is positioned at an interval less than or equal to the radius of the ejection hole 131 with respect to the virtual center line (S1620). ) Specifically, the guide bar 162 is a resin row RR in which a first guide 162-1 disposed in a direction close to the horizontal lamination direction and a second guide 162-2 disposed in a distant direction are laminated, respectively. Cover the exposed surface of together, (S1621), when the resin row RR is a plurality of rows and the first row has not yet been cured, the first guide 162-1 covers the last row, and the second guide 162 -2) covers the first row (S1622), and when the resin row RR is plural and the first row is cured, only the first guide 162-1 covers the last row (S1623).

The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but these are merely exemplary, and those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

100: 3D printer
110: feeder 111: supply pipe
112: heating coil 120: extruder
121: screw 122: hollow
130: print head 140: bed
150: driver 151: head driving unit
152: bed driving unit 160: pressurizer
161: pressure roller 162: guide bar
162-1: first guide 162-1a: first shaft
162-1b: first plate 162-2: second guide
162-2a: second shaft 162-2b: second plate
170: control device RR: resin heat

Claims (15)

A feeder for supplying the resin;
An extruder that melts the resin supplied from the feeder and proceeds along an extrusion path;
A printer head for injecting the molten resin of the extruder through an injection hole;
A bed that provides a support surface of the resin injected through the printer head so that the injected resin is laminated to form a row;
A driver that moves the print head or the bed in a three-axis direction with respect to each other to adjust the injection position of the print head so that the resin laminated on the bed is molded into a three-dimensional sculpture; And
Moved by the driver and injected through the printer head to form a row and press the laminated resin, the cross-section of the laminated resin row becomes a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the resin row miraculously laminated in an adjacent position. It includes a pressurizer to be formed,
The pressurizer,
A pressure roller for pressing the stacked resin rows in the longitudinal direction; And
A 3D printer comprising a guide bar that covers the stacked resin rows in a transverse direction, thereby blocking the side of the stacked resin rows that are pushed out in the transverse direction by the longitudinal pressing of the pressing roller and guiding them in the longitudinal direction. delete The method according to claim 1,
The pressure roller,
Pressing the stacked resin rows in a longitudinal direction at a position lower than the radius of the injection hole based on a virtual center line formed along the center of the stacked resin rows,
The guide bar,
A 3D printer that covers the stacked resin rows in a horizontal direction at a position smaller than or equal to the radius of the ejection hole based on the virtual center line. The method of claim 3,
A 3D printer in which a cross-sectional size of a compression space of the stacked resin rows formed by the pressure roller and the guide bar is the same as the cross-sectional size of the injection hole. The method according to claim 1,
The guide bar,
3D printer comprising a first guide formed in a direction close to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin rows and covering the exposed surface of the stacked resin rows in a reverse direction of the horizontal stacking direction. The method of claim 5,
The first guide,
A first shaft axially coupled in the transverse direction of the pressure roller; And
3D printer comprising a first plate coupled to the free end of the first shaft to cover an exposed surface in a direction close to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row. The method of claim 5,
The guide bar,
3D printer further comprising a second guide for covering the exposed surface in the horizontal stacking direction and the far direction of the resin row in the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row. The method of claim 7,
The second guide,
A second shaft slidably coupled to the pressure roller in a transverse direction; And
A 3D printer including a second plate axially coupled to the free end of the second shaft to cover an exposed surface of the resin row in a horizontal stacking direction and a distant direction. Receiving 3D modeling data of a three-dimensional sculpture for molding through a control device;
Supplying the resin through a feeder;
Melting the resin supplied from the feeder through an extruder and proceeding along the extrusion path;
Injecting the molten resin of the extruder through the injection hole of the printer head to heat the bed to laminate it;
Moving the print head or the bed in a three-axis direction with respect to each other through a driver to adjust the injection position of the print head so that the resin to be injected and laminated is molded into a three-dimensional sculpture; And
Comprising the step of pressing the resin row stacked on the bed through a pressurizer, so that the cross-section of the stacked resin row is formed in a rectangle corresponding to the cross-section of the resin row previously stacked in an adjacent position,
The step of forming a cross section of the stacked resin row in a rectangular shape,
Pressing the stacked resin rows in a longitudinal direction through a pressing roller of the pressing machine; And
3D printing comprising the step of covering the stacked resin rows in the transverse direction through the guide bar of the pressurizer, blocking the side of the stacked resin rows pushed out in the transverse direction by the longitudinal pressing of the pressing roller and guiding them in the longitudinal direction Way. delete The method of claim 9,
The pressure roller,
Pressing the stacked resin rows in the longitudinal direction at a height lower than the radius of the injection hole based on a virtual center line formed along the center of the stacked resin rows,
The guide bar,
A 3D printing method for covering the stacked resin rows in a horizontal direction by being positioned at an interval less than or equal to the radius of the injection hole based on the virtual center line. The method of claim 9,
The step of guiding the guide bar in the longitudinal direction by blocking the side portions of the stacked resin rows,
And a first guide formed in a direction close to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin rows covering the exposed surface of the stacked resin rows in a direction opposite to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin rows. The method of claim 12,
The step of guiding the guide bar in the longitudinal direction by blocking the side portions of the stacked resin rows,
And a second guide formed in a direction away from the horizontal stacking direction of the resin column covering the exposed surface of the stacked resin column in the horizontal stacking direction of the resin column. The method of claim 13,
The step of guiding the guide bar in the longitudinal direction by blocking the side portions of the stacked resin rows,
When the first row stacked among the resin rows has not yet been cured, the second guide covers the last row stacked among the resin rows in a direction opposite to the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row. Covering the first row of resin rows stacked in the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row; And
When the first row of the resin rows is cured, the second guide is separated from the exposed surface of the stacked resin row, and only the first guide is the horizontal of the resin row. 3D printing method comprising the step of covering in the reverse direction of the lamination direction. The method of claim 13,
The step of guiding the guide bar in the longitudinal direction by blocking the side portions of the stacked resin rows,
The first guide is coupled to the pressure roller and moves along the horizontal stacking direction of the resin row together with the pressure roller to cover the last rows in which resin rows are stacked, and the second guide is slidable on the pressure roller. 3D printing method for covering the stacked first row among the resin rows by being axially coupled to each other and sliding away from the pressure roller according to the movement of the pressure roller.

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