KR102231753B1 - An apparatus for detecting directional signal and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a directional signal detection device. The device includes: a main transmission line which is a transmission line through which a directional signal to be detected proceeds; a first coupling transmission line for extracting a signal of a first point on the main transmission line through capacitive coupling characteristics; a second coupling transmission line for extracting a signal of a second point through the capacitive coupling characteristics; a first signal measuring device for extracting the signal of the first coupling transmission line; and a second signal measuring device for extracting the signal of the second coupling transmission line.

Description

Directional signal detection apparatus and method {AN APPARATUS FOR DETECTING DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL AND METHOD THEREOF}

The present invention relates to signal detection, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for detecting a directional signal.

In high frequency systems, a directional coupler has been generally used to detect a directional signal. The directional coupler is a passive device used to extract and separate only signals traveling in the forward or backward direction according to the traveling direction of the signal. Directional couplers can be classified according to their design method, for example, as a design using a transmission line or a design using an inductor and a capacitor.

1A is an exemplary view of a coupling line coupler. As shown in Fig. 1a, among the couplers designed using transmission lines, the coupled-line coupler, which is a representative directional coupler implemented through the mutual coupling characteristics of adjacent transmission lines, has λ/4 at a desired operating frequency. It is a combiner designed by adjoining a coupling line having a length to the main line at regular intervals, and has good isolation and low insertion loss. The coupling factor is controlled through the spacing between lines and is mainly used for signal extraction.

1B is an exemplary diagram of an inductor- and capacitor-based directional coupler. As shown in FIG. 1B, a directional coupler designed through an inductor and a capacitor is a coupler frequently used in a microwave integrated circuit, and is implemented through a symmetrical arrangement of an inductor and a capacitor. This coupler has the advantage of having a high isolation characteristic like a coupling line coupler, and it is possible to easily design a directional coupler having a desired coupling characteristic by setting an appropriate inductance coefficient and capacitance of the inductor and capacitor based on circuit analysis. .

For signal detection, a directional coupler designed with a low coupling coefficient is generally used to minimize the effect on the original signal.

David M. pozar "Microwave Engineering 4th edition" John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2011 Inac, Ozgur, Donghyup Shin, and Gabriel M. Rebeiz. "A phased array RFIC with built-in self-test capabilities." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 60.1 (2012): 139-148

The coupling line combiner using the mutual coupling characteristic of the transmission line according to the prior art can adjust the coupling coefficient by adjusting the spacing between the lines and observe the isolation characteristic, but the length of the coupling line adjacent to the main line is λ/4. With the recent development of wireless communication systems, the length of λ/4 cannot be ignored as the miniaturization and integration of microwave circuit elements are required. Particularly, in a phased array antenna-based system such as 5G, a self-measurement system is required, and as a combiner capable of extracting a signal is disposed between individual blocks, the size is more problematic.

A directional coupler designed using an inductor and a capacitor according to the prior art also has the advantage of conforming isolation characteristics, and it is possible to easily design a directional coupler having a desired coupling coefficient by adjusting the induction coefficient and the electric capacity. There is a disadvantage in that the size is large and the insertion loss is large.

That is, in implementing the directional signal detection function for implementing self-diagnosis and self-correction required in the latest millimeter wave integrated circuits or systems, the directional coupler according to the prior art is very difficult to apply to an integrated circuit due to its size. .

An exemplary object of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is to provide a microscopic directional signal detection circuit device required to implement a self-diagnosis or self-correction function in an integrated circuit.

Another exemplary object of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is to provide a method for detecting a directional signal necessary to implement a self-diagnosis or self-correction function in an integrated circuit.

However, the problem of the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be variously extended without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

In order to achieve the above object, an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a main transmission line, which is a transmission line through which a directional signal to be detected proceeds; A first combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a first point on the main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; A second combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a second point on the main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; A first signal measuring device for extracting a signal of the first combined transmission line; And a second signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the second combined transmission line.

According to one aspect, the directional signal detection device, based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device, the result value of at least one of the forward signal and the reverse signal of the main transmission line. It may further include a calculating unit to calculate.

According to an aspect, the calculation unit calculates the voltage of the first point and the voltage of the second point based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device, and the first point It may be configured to calculate a result value of at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the voltage of, the voltage of the second point, and the distance between the first point and the second point.

According to one aspect, the main transmission line has a 0th characteristic impedance, a signal source is provided on one side of the main transmission line, a load impedance is provided on the other side of the main transmission line, and a forward signal is provided on the main transmission line. And a reverse signal may be configured to flow.

According to one aspect, the first coupling transmission line has a first characteristic impedance, one side of the first coupling transmission line is disposed at the first point so as to have a first power storage coefficient with respect to the main transmission line, the The other side of the first combined transmission line may be coupled to the first signal meter.

According to one aspect, the second coupling transmission line has a second characteristic impedance, one side of the second coupling transmission line is disposed at the second point so as to have a second power storage coefficient with respect to the main transmission line, the The other side of the second combined transmission line may be coupled to the second signal meter.

According to an aspect, the input impedance of the first signal meter may be the first characteristic impedance, and the input impedance of the second signal meter may be the second characteristic impedance.

According to an aspect, the signal extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line is the main transmission line according to an input impedance from one side of the first combined transmission line toward the first signal measuring device and the first power storage coefficient It is determined by distributing the voltage of the first point according to a ratio of reactance between the and the first combined transmission line, and the signal extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line is the second combined transmission line. The voltage at the second point is determined according to the ratio of the input impedance from one side of the line to the direction of the second signal measuring device and the reactance between the main transmission line and the second combined transmission line according to the second power storage coefficient. It can be determined by distributing.

According to an aspect, the signal extracted by the first signal meter has a value determined by a signal extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line and an electrical length of the first combined transmission line, and the second signal The signal extracted by the measuring device may have a value determined by a signal extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line and an electrical length of the second combined transmission line.

According to an aspect, the directional signal detection device includes at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the main transmission line based on a measured value of the first signal measuring device, a measured value of the second signal measuring device, and a predetermined constant value. Further comprising an operation unit for calculating a result value of, wherein the predetermined constant value is a distance between the first point and the second point, the first power storage coefficient, the second power storage coefficient, and the first characteristic impedance , The second characteristic impedance, the electric length of the first coupling transmission line, and the electric length of the second coupling transmission line.

According to an aspect, the forward signal of the main transmission line may be determined based on the following equation.

However, where V ₁ ⁺ is the forward signal, ℓ is the distance between the first point and the second point, V _c12 is the measured value of the first signal meter, C ₁ is the first power storage coefficient, Z ₀₁ is the first characteristic impedance, θ ₁ is the electrical length of the first coupled transmission line, V _c22 is the measured value of the second signal measuring instrument, C ₂ is the second power storage coefficient, Z ₀₂ is the second characteristic impedance, and θ ₂ is the electrical length of the second coupled transmission line. Represents.

According to an aspect, the reverse signal of the main transmission line may be determined based on the following equation.

However, where V ₁ ^- is the reverse signal, ℓ is the distance between the first point and the second point, V _c22 is the measured value of the second signal meter, C ₂ is the second power storage coefficient, Z ₀₂ is the second characteristic impedance, θ ₂ is the electrical length of the second combined transmission line, V _c12 is the measured value of the first signal meter, C ₁ is the first power storage coefficient, Z ₀₁ is the first characteristic impedance, θ ₁ is the electrical length of the first combined transmission line Represents.

A method for detecting a directional signal according to another embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, capacitively couples a signal at a first point on the main transmission line to a main transmission line, which is a transmission line on which a directional signal to be detected proceeds. Arranging one side of the first combined transmission line extracted through the characteristic; Arranging, on the main transmission line, one side of a second combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a second point on the main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; Disposing a first signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the first combined transmission line on the other side of the first combined transmission line; Disposing a second signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the second combined transmission line on the other side of the second combined transmission line; And calculating a result value for at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the measured value of the first signal meter and the measured value of the second signal meter.

A directional signal detection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-described problem includes: an apparatus under test having a front reference plane and a rear reference plane; A first main transmission line having one side connected to the signal source and the other side connected to the front reference plane of the device under test; A second main transmission line in which one side is connected to the rear reference surface of the device under test and the other side is connected to a load; A first combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a first point on the first main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; A second combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a second point on the first main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; A third combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a third point on the second main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; A fourth combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a fourth point on the second main transmission line through a capacitive coupling characteristic; A first signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the first combined transmission line; A second signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the second combined transmission line; A third signal measuring device for extracting a signal of the third combined transmission line; And a fourth signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the fourth combined transmission line.

According to an aspect, based on the measured value of the first signal meter, the measured value of the second signal meter, the measured value of the third signal meter, and the measured value of the fourth signal meter, A result value of at least one of a forward signal of a first main transmission line and a reverse signal of the first main transmission line, a forward signal of the second main transmission line and a reverse signal of the second main transmission line at the rear reference plane It may further include a calculating unit to calculate.

According to an aspect, in response to a signal being applied to the signal source and a forward signal is applied, the calculating unit comprises at least one of an input reflection coefficient and an input impedance at the front reference plane, and a load reflection coefficient and a load impedance at the load. It can be configured to determine one.

According to an aspect, the input reflection coefficient and input impedance on the front reference plane may be determined based on a forward signal of the first main transmission line and a reverse signal of the first main transmission line on the front reference plane.

According to an aspect, the load reflection coefficient and the load impedance in the load may be determined based on a forward signal of the second main transmission line and a reverse signal of the second main transmission line on the rear reference plane.

According to an aspect, in response to a signal being applied to the load and a reverse signal being applied, the calculating unit comprises at least one of an output reflection coefficient and an output impedance at the rear reference plane, and a power reflection coefficient and a power impedance at the signal source. It can be configured to determine one.

According to an aspect, the output reflection coefficient and output impedance from the rear reference plane may be determined based on a forward signal of the second main transmission line and a reverse signal of the second main transmission line from the rear reference plane.

According to an aspect, the power reflection coefficient and power impedance of the signal source may be determined based on a forward signal of the first main transmission line and a reverse signal of the first main transmission line on the front reference plane.

The disclosed technology can have the following effects. However, since it does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all of the following effects or only the following effects, it should not be understood that the scope of the rights of the disclosed technology is limited thereby.

When using the directional signal detection circuit device and method according to an embodiment of the present invention for detection of a directional signal, while having the same performance and function as a directional coupler having a length of λ/4 used for conventional signal detection, Its size can be significantly reduced. For example, if the combined transmission lines are arranged at intervals of λ/20, the required circuit size is reduced to about 1/5 or less compared to the existing technology. When applied to the latest 5G NR mmWave (28GHz) RF integrated circuit, the required circuit length is about 297 um, which is a level that can be integrated.

Therefore, based on such high integration, additional functions such as self-check or self-correction can be implemented within the integrated circuit or through external signal processing.

1A is an exemplary view of a coupling line coupler.
1B is an exemplary diagram of an inductor- and capacitor-based directional coupler.
2 is a conceptual diagram for a transmission line theory.
3 is a conceptual diagram of directional signal detection according to an aspect of the present invention.
4A is an exemplary diagram of a capacitive coupler.
4B is an exemplary diagram of an I/Q detector.
5 is an exemplary diagram of an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an exemplary diagram of an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a computing system capable of performing signal processing and/or calculation in detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the present invention, various modifications may be made and various embodiments may be provided, and specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail.

However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to a specific embodiment, it should be understood to include all changes, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Terms such as first and second may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The above terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. The term and/or includes a combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.

When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it is understood that it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but other components may exist in the middle. It should be. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there is no other component in the middle.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features. It is to be understood that the presence or addition of elements or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof does not preclude in advance.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein including technical or scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related technology, and should not be interpreted as an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In describing the present invention, in order to facilitate an overall understanding, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements in the drawings, and duplicate descriptions for the same elements are omitted.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a directional signal detection circuit and a method used in radio wave applications such as wireless communication and radar. The technology according to embodiments of the present invention may be used for self-diagnosis, self-calibration, or test signal measurement in a radio wave application integrated circuit or system.

Transmission line theory

The directional signal detection apparatus and method according to various embodiments of the present invention may be based on, for example, a transmission line theory.

When an ultra-high frequency AC signal is applied in an electrical circuit, the wavelength of the signal may not be large enough for the circuit system. When a DC or low-frequency signal is applied, the signal is classified as the same node between branches. When a high-frequency signal is applied, the phase of the signal may vary depending on the physical location of the corresponding node. The theory that interprets this mathematically through a distributed circuit is the transmission line theory.

2 is a conceptual diagram for a transmission line theory. According to the transmission line theory, if the voltage values of two points on the transmission line and the distance between these two points are known, a signal traveling in the forward or reverse direction on the transmission line can be detected. According to various embodiments of the present invention, a signal traveling in a forward or reverse direction in a transmission line may be finally separated and detected through a simple signal processing technique based on the transmission line theory.

Directional signal detection

3 is a conceptual diagram of directional signal detection according to an aspect of the present invention. A directional signal detection apparatus (for example, a'directional signal detection circuit') according to an aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the directional signal detection circuit according to an aspect of the present invention has a capacitive coupling characteristic between a transmission line through which an original signal travels (hereinafter, referred to as a'main transmission line') and a signal of the main transmission line ( A transmission line that can be extracted through 301 and 302 (hereinafter, referred to as a'combined transmission line'), and signal measuring devices 305 and 307 capable of reading signals of each node of the combined transmission line may be included. Through this configuration, the directional signal detection circuit according to an aspect of the present invention may detect a directional signal on a main transmission line.

3, in the directional signal detection circuit according to one aspect, the _{signal source impedance Z S} to the main transmission line having a characteristic impedance of _{Z 0} Signal source V _S and load impedance Z _L Can be placed. Therefore, directional signals V ⁺ and V ^- may flow through the main transmission line. Here, a _{combined transmission line having characteristic impedances of Z 01} and Z ₀₂ , respectively, is adjacent to the main transmission line so that the power storage coefficients are C ₁ and C ₂ , respectively, and a signal measuring device with input impedances of Z ₀₁ and Z _{02, respectively (} For example, by attaching an I/Q detector), a directional signal can be found using the measured value of a signal meter and through the equation illustrated below.

Combined transmission line

4A is an exemplary diagram of a capacitive coupler. According to one aspect, the combined transmission line may be implemented using a capacitive coupler, for example. For example, as a method used to extract a signal, there is a method using a resistive or capacitive coupler. The combiner is designed to have a smaller size than the coupling line combiner while having less influence on the original signal, and the signal at a desired position can be extracted. As shown in FIG. 4A, the capacitive coupler has the advantage of being able to design a small size, but there is no disadvantage of not knowing the directional signal.

According to embodiments of the present invention, for example, two capacitive couplers with a known distance may be used to detect a directional signal while having a size smaller than that of a coupling line coupler.

Signal meter

4B is an exemplary diagram of an I/Q detector. The signal meter according to an aspect of the present invention may include, for example, an I/Q detector. More specifically, a representative high-frequency signal meter includes an I/Q detector. As shown in Fig. 4b, when the I/Q detector mixes the signal to be measured with the signals of cosωt and sinωt[cos(ωt + π/2)] with two mixers, the motion of the desired signal is The in-phase component and quadrature component can be known, and the magnitude and phase of the corresponding signal can be detected based on this.

In the embodiments of the present invention, various methods for measuring a signal of a node are open, and specific examples of application will be described later.

Directional signal detection method

According to embodiments of the present invention, a directional signal may be detected by processing a signal and/or performing an operation based on measured values measured by a signal measuring device. Such simple signal processing and computation can be performed, for example, through a microprocessor. A microprocessor is a small operation processing unit composed of a logic circuit capable of executing machine code, and has the advantage of being inexpensive and capable of rapidly performing various operations with a small size and low power.

Meanwhile, if the signal processing and/or operation as described above is to be processed in the IC chip, it can be implemented through a digital circuit. Digital circuits are likewise composed of a combination of logic circuits, and simple operations can be performed quickly.

Measuring the signal V _c1, V _c2 by the operation by the microprocessor or the digital circuit desired directional signal ^{_{(V 1 +, V 1 -}} ) measured in a can be obtained.

Directional signal detection device

First, detection of a directional signal according to embodiments of the present invention may be performed based on the following assumptions.

I. (Assumption) The combined transmission line used for signal extraction has little effect on the main transmission line.

II. (Assumption) It is assumed that the transmission line used in the embodiments of the present invention is a lossless transmission line.

In the description of the operation of the directional signal detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, a condition for assuming the first assumption is that a capacitance between a combined transmission line located for signal extraction and a main transmission line is small. The power storage coefficient should be set differently according to the frequency band in which the corresponding detector is used. In the 30 GHz to 300 GHz band, which is a millimeter wave frequency, a power storage coefficient between about 0.1 fF and several tens of fF is appropriate.

(Basic principle) The voltage value of a point on a transmission line can be expressed as the sum of each directional signal component in a steady-state. For example, in FIG. 2, voltage values V ₁ and V ₂ at each point on a transmission line may be developed as directional signals at each point as follows.

If in Fig. 2 to know the distance (ℓ) between two points V _1, V _2, over the relationship between the directional signal V _1, the directional with the voltage value of V ₂ node signal ^{_{(V 1 +, V 1 -}} ) to express have. The derivation process and the final equation can be developed as follows.

Through the combination of the above two equations, Equation 3 and Equation 4 below can be derived.

Therefore, as a result, the directional signal flowing on the transmission line can be expressed through the voltage values of the two points on the transmission line and the distance between them, so if the voltage values of the two points on the transmission line and the distance between them are known, the directional signal is detected. can do. The following application examples are based on this basic principle.

Example of application of the present invention (1)

5 is an exemplary diagram of an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, the directional signal detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a main transmission line 510, which is a transmission line on which a directional signal to be detected proceeds, and a first point (V _{1) on the main transmission line.} A first combined transmission line 520 that extracts the signal of a node) through the capacitive coupling characteristic, and a second combined transmission line that extracts the signal of _{the second point (V 2 node) on the main transmission line through the capacitive coupling characteristic.} 530, a first signal measuring device 540 for extracting a signal of the first combined transmission line, and a second signal measuring device 550 for extracting a signal of the second combined transmission line.

For example, an operation unit (not shown) that can be implemented through a microprocessor or an IC chip is based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device. A result value for at least one of the signals may be calculated. In theory, the calculation unit calculates the voltage of the first point and the voltage of the second point based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device, and the calculated voltage of the first point and the second point It may be configured to calculate a result value for at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the voltage of and a distance between the first point and the second point, which are known constant values. However, the calculation procedure may be performed without explicitly going through the step of measuring the voltages of the first point and the second point.

Referring to FIG. 5, a main transmission line having a _{characteristic impedance Z 0 and a combined transmission line having a storage coefficient C 1} and C ₂ and each having a characteristic impedance Z ₀₁ and Z ₀₂ are positioned perpendicular to the main transmission line. can do. Combined transmission line has electrical lengths θ ₁ and θ ₂ Each of the input impedances is connected to the I/Q detector, which is the same as _{the characteristic impedances Z 01} and Z _{02 of the combined transmission line.}

More specifically, the main transmission line 510 may have a zero-th characteristic impedance Z ₀ , a signal source V _s is provided on one side of the main transmission line 510, and a load impedance is provided on the other side of the main transmission line 510. Z _L may be provided. Accordingly, at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal is configured to flow in the main transmission line 510.

Here, the first combined transmission line 520 and the second combined transmission line 530 may be coupled to the main transmission line 510. Specifically, the first coupling transmission line 520 may have a first characteristic impedance Z ₀₁ , and one side of the first coupling transmission line 520 has a first power storage coefficient C _{1 with respect to the main transmission line 510.} So that it can be arranged in the vicinity of the first point (V _{1 node).} The other side of the first combined transmission line 520 may be coupled to the first signal meter 540.

Meanwhile, the second combined transmission line 530 may have a second characteristic impedance Z ₀₂ , and one side of the second combined transmission line 530 may have a second power storage coefficient C _{2 with respect to the main transmission line 510.} It can be placed near the second point (V _{2 node).} The other side of the second combined transmission line 530 may be coupled to the second signal measuring device 550.

According to an aspect, the input impedance of the first signal meter 540 may be the same as the first characteristic impedance, and the input impedance of the second signal meter 550 may be the same as the second characteristic impedance.

The voltage of the main transmission line closest to the position of one end of each combined transmission line may be referred to _{as V 1} , V ₂ , and the distance between the two points _{may be referred to as ℓ c0. The voltages V 1} and V ₂ of each of the two points can be developed as a directional signal as follows by the basic principle.

According to the first assumption, the combined transmission line does not affect the main transmission line, and thus, from the main transmission line 510 to the first combined transmission line 520 and the second combined transmission line 530 along the capacitive path. Each extracted signal V _c11 , V _c21 Is determined by the law of voltage division. The ratio distributed is V _c11 , V _{c21 It is the ratio of the input impedance (Z in1} , Z _in2 ) viewed from the node in the direction of the I/Q detectors (540, 550), respectively, and the reactance (reactance) seen by the condensation coefficient seen between the main transmission line and the coupling transmission line.

_{That is, the signal V c11} extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line 520 _{is an input impedance from one side (V c11} node) of the first combined transmission line to the direction of the first signal measuring device 540, and the first power storage It may be determined by dividing the voltage at the first point according to the ratio of reactance between the main transmission line 510 and the first combined transmission line 520 according to the coefficient C _{1. In addition, the signal V c21} extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line 530 Is, the input impedance from one side of the second combined transmission line ( _{node V c21} ) to the direction of the second signal measuring device 550, and the main transmission line 510 and the second combined transmission line according to _{the second power storage coefficient C 2 (} 530) may be determined by dividing the voltage of the second point according to the ratio of the reactance. The calculation is developed as follows.

In the case of a combined transmission line, since its characteristic impedance is the same as the input impedance of the I/Q detector, the nodes V _c12 and V _c22 The voltage values seen at are V _c11 and V _c21 It appears as a phase change due to the simple path difference of _{For example, the signal V c12} extracted by the first signal measuring device 540 _{May have a value determined by the signal V c11} extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line and the electrical length θ _{1 of the first combined transmission line, and the signal V c22} extracted by the second signal measuring device 550 Is, the signal V _c21 extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line and the electrical length θ _{2 of the second combined transmission line} It can have a value determined by. The calculation is developed as follows.

The signals measured by the I/Q detectors 540 and 550 are V _c12 and V _c22 to be.

Directional signal that is deployed in the main transmission line (V ⁺ _1, V ₁ ^-) is a measured signal V _{c12, c22} V And some constant values. For example, the calculator may calculate a result value for at least one of the forward signal and the reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the measured value of the first signal meter, the measured value of the second signal meter, and a predetermined constant value. have. The predetermined constant value is a distance between the first point and the second point, the first power storage coefficient, the second power storage coefficient, the first characteristic impedance, the second characteristic impedance, and the first coupling transmission line. It may include an electrical length and an electrical length of the second coupling transmission line.

The directional signals developed on the calculated main transmission line 510 can be derived through the relationship of Equations 3 to 12, and the process and the final equation are mathematical by substituting Equation 9 into Equation 11 as follows. By substituting Equation 13 and Equation 10 into Equation 12 and substituting Equation 14 and Equation 13 into Equation 3, and substituting Equation 15 and Equation 14 into Equation 4 It can be derived from Equation 16.

_{In each combined transmission line, the two signals V 12} and V ₂₂ measured by the I/Q detectors (540, 550) are calculated through an operation unit such as a microprocessor or digital circuit to obtain the final desired directional signals V ₁ ⁺ and V ₁ ^- . You can get it.

That is, the forward signal V ₁ ⁺ of the main transmission line 510 may be determined based on Equation 15, where V ₁ ⁺ is the forward signal, ℓ is the distance between the first point and the second point, V _c12 is the measured value of the first signal meter, C ₁ is the first power storage coefficient, Z ₀₁ is the first characteristic impedance, θ ₁ is the electrical length of the first combined transmission line, V _c22 is the measured value of the second signal meter, C ₂ denotes a second power storage coefficient, Z ₀₂ denotes a second characteristic impedance, and θ ₂ denotes an electrical length of the second coupling transmission line.

In addition, the reverse signal V ₁ ^- of the main transmission line 520 may be determined based on Equation 16, where V ₁ ^- is the reverse signal, ℓ is the distance between the first point and the second point, and V _c22 is zero. 2 The measured value of the signal meter, C ₂ is the second power storage coefficient, Z ₀₂ is the second characteristic impedance, θ ₂ is the electrical length of the second combined transmission line, V _c12 is the measured value of the first signal meter, and C ₁ is the second characteristic impedance. One power storage coefficient, Z ₀₁ denotes a first characteristic impedance, and θ ₁ denotes an electrical length of the first combined transmission line.

7 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, in the method for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, a signal at a first point on the main transmission line is capacitively applied to a main transmission line, which is a transmission line on which a directional signal to be detected proceeds. Arranging one side of the first combined transmission line extracted through the coupling characteristic (step 710), the second coupling of extracting the signal of the second point on the main transmission line through the capacitive coupling characteristic on the main transmission line Arranging one side of the transmission line (step 720), disposing a first signal measuring device for extracting a signal of the first combined transmission line on the other side of the first combined transmission line (step 730), the second Arranging a second signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the second combined transmission line on the other side of the combined transmission line (step 740), and based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device As a result, it may include calculating a result value for at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the main transmission line (step 750). A more specific flow of the directional signal detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention may follow the operation of the directional signal detection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention described above.

Example of application of the present invention (2)

6 is an exemplary diagram of an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to another embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, an apparatus for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6.

The device for detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment includes the input/output reflection coefficients for the front reference plane 660 and the rear reference plane 670 of the device under test 630 through the configuration shown in FIG. 6. (Γ _in ,Γ _out ), input/output impedance (Z _in , Z _out ), and power reflection coefficient from signal source (Γ _S ), load reflection coefficient from load (Γ _L ), etc. You can grasp the context of the designed system including.

As shown in FIG. 6, the directional signal detection apparatus according to one side includes a device under test 630 including a front reference surface 660 and a rear reference surface 670, and the front of the device under test 630 A first main transmission line 620 and a second main transmission line 640 may be provided at the and rear sides, respectively. The first main transmission line 620 may have one side connected to the signal source 610 and the other side connected to the front reference plane 660 of the device under test 630, and the second main transmission line 640 may be connected to one side. It is connected to the rear reference surface 670 of the test apparatus 630 and the other side may be connected to the load 650.

Meanwhile, a first combined transmission line 621 and a second combined transmission line 623 may be coupled to the first main transmission line 620. The first combined transmission line 621 extracts the signal of the first point on the first main transmission line 620 through capacitive coupling characteristics, and the second combined transmission line 623 is the first main transmission line 620 It may be configured to extract the signal of the second point of the image through the capacitive coupling characteristic.

In addition, a third combined transmission line 641 and a fourth combined transmission line 643 may be coupled to the second main transmission line 640. The third combined transmission line 641 extracts the signal of the third point on the second main transmission line 640 through capacitive coupling characteristics, and the fourth combined transmission line 643 is the second main transmission line 640 It may be configured to extract the signal of the second point of the image through the capacitive coupling characteristic.

Meanwhile, the first signal measurer 625 extracts the signal of the first combined transmission line, the second signal measurer 627 extracts the signal of the second combined transmission line, and the third signal measurer 645 extracts the third signal. The signal of the combined transmission line is extracted, and the fourth signal measuring device 647 may be configured to extract the signal of the fourth combined transmission line.

For example, in a signal processing stage such as the calculation unit 680, the measured value of the first signal measuring device 625, the measured value of the second signal measuring device 627, the measured value of the third signal measuring device 645, and the fourth Based on the measured value of the signal meter 647, the forward signal V ^{+ of the first main transmission line at the front reference plane 660 and the reverse signal V −} of the first main transmission line, the second main at the rear reference plane 670 of the transmission line forward signal V ^{+ -} it is possible to calculate a result value for at least one of a 'and a second uplink signal of the main transmission line V'.

That is, since each signal detector can know the directional signals V ₁ ⁺ , V ₁ ^- _{at the V 1} node through Equation 15 and Equation 16, each directional signal (V ⁺ , V ^{-, V + ', V -} ') can be obtained as shown below.

As the constant _ℓ θ, θ _'ℓ is a predetermined value during system design, used for the expression of Equation 17 to Equation 20, is a value known by the system designer.

According to one aspect, the operation unit 680, in response to the signal is applied to the signal source 610 and the forward signal is applied, the input reflection coefficient Γ _in and the input impedance Z _in from the front reference plane 660, the load ( 650) may be configured to determine at least one of the load reflection coefficient Γ _{L and the load impedance.}

For example, the input reflection coefficient Γ _in and the load reflection coefficient Γ _L In order to obtain, a signal is applied from _{the signal source V S} and a directional signal that develops in _{the forward direction (V 1} ^{+) is applied.}

The input reflection coefficient Γ _in and the input impedance Z _in at the front reference plane may be determined based on ^{the forward signal V +} of the first main transmission line and the reverse signal V ⁻ of the first main transmission line at the front reference plane. _{Input reflection coefficient Γ in} expressed through Equation 17 and Equation 18 And input impedance Z _in Is as follows.

Load reflection coefficient Γ _{L at the load} And load impedance Z _L May be determined based on ^{the forward signal V +} ′ of the second main transmission line and the reverse signal V ⁻ ′ of the second main transmission line on the rear reference plane. _{Load reflection coefficient Γ L} expressed through Equation 19 and Equation 20 Is as follows, through which the load resistance (or load impedance) Z _L Can be expected.

Calculation of Equations 15 to 20 in the signal processing stage in which the calculation unit 680 such as a microprocessor or digital circuit is disposed on the signal measured by each I/Q detector 625, 627, 645, 647 of FIG. 6 It can be determined and can get the Γ _in, Z _in, Γ _L, Z _L by calculating the equation 21 to equation 24 using them ^{-, V + ', V -} ' a directional signal of a reference surface V ^+, V through .

On the other hand, the calculation unit 680, in response to the signal is applied to the load 650 and the reverse signal is applied, the output reflection coefficient Γ _{out from the rear reference plane 670} And an output impedance Z _out , a power reflection coefficient Γ _S from the signal source 610, and a power impedance Z _S.

For example, _{V L} to find _{Γ out} , Γ _S By applying a signal in the ^{reverse-direction} it is applied to the signal to be deployed in (V ₁ ').

_{Output reflection coefficient Γ out} from the rear reference plane And output impedance Z _out Is, "reverse signals and second main transmission line (V second forward signal (V ^{+) -"} of the primary transmission line of the rear plane may be determined based on a). _{The output reflection coefficient Γ out} and the output impedance Z _out expressed through Equations 19 and 20 are as follows.

In addition, the power reflection coefficient Γ _S and power impedance Z _{S from the signal source 610} May be determined based on ^{the forward signal (V +} ) of the first main transmission line and the reverse signal (V ⁻ ) of the first main transmission line in the front reference plane. _{The power reflection coefficient Γ S} expressed through Equations 17 and 18 is as follows, and through this, the power resistance (or power impedance) Z _S can be predicted.

_{Just as Γ in} , Z _in , Γ _L , and Z _L can be obtained by calculating Equations 21 to 24, the reference plane obtained through the signals measured by each I/Q detector (625, 627, 645, 647) _{Γ out} , Z _out , Γ _S , and Z _S can be obtained by calculating Equations 25 to 28 with the directional signal of.

8 is a block diagram showing an exemplary configuration of a computing system capable of performing signal processing and/or calculation in detecting a directional signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, the computing system 800 may include a flash storage 810, a processor 820, a RAM 830, an input/output device 840, and a power supply device 850. Also, the flash storage 810 may include a memory device 811 and a memory controller 812. Meanwhile, although not shown in FIG. 8, the computing system 800 may further include ports capable of communicating with a video card, a sound card, a memory card, a USB device, or the like, or with other electronic devices. .

The computing system 800 may be implemented as a personal computer, or may be implemented as a portable electronic device such as a notebook computer, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a camera.

치 (Central Processing Unit, CPU)일 수 있다. 프로세서 (820) 는 어드레스 버스 (address bus), 제어 버스 (control bus) 및 데이터 버스 (data bus) 등과 같은 버스 (860) 를 통하여 RAM (830), 입출력 장치 (840) 및 플래시 스토리지 (810) 와 통신을 수행할 수 있다. Processor 820 may perform certain calculations or tasks. According to an embodiment, the processor 820 is a micro-processor, a central processing unit

Value (Central Processing Unit, CPU). The processor 820 is provided with a RAM 830, an input/output device 840, and a flash storage 810 through a bus 860 such as an address bus, a control bus, and a data bus. Communication can be performed.

According to an embodiment, the processor 820 may also be connected to an expansion bus such as a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus.

The RAM 830 may store data necessary for the operation of the computing system 800. For example, random access memory of any type, including DRAM, mobile DRAM, SRAM, PRAM, FRAM, MRAM, and RRAM Can be used as 830.

The input/output device 840 may include an input means such as a keyboard, a keypad, and a mouse, and an output means such as a printer and a display. The power supply 850 may supply an operating voltage required for the operation of the computing system 800.

The method according to the present invention described above can be implemented as a computer-readable code on a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording media in which data that can be decoded by a computer system is stored. For example, there may be read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic tape, magnetic disk, flash memory, optical data storage device, and the like. In addition, the computer-readable recording medium can be distributed in a computer system connected through a computer communication network, and stored and executed as codes that can be read in a distributed manner.

Although the above has been described with reference to the drawings and examples, it does not mean that the scope of protection of the present invention is limited by the drawings or examples, and those skilled in the art It will be appreciated that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope.

Specifically, the described features may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or computer hardware, firmware, or combinations thereof. Features may be executed in a computer program product implemented in storage in a machine-readable storage device, for example, for execution by a programmable processor. And the features can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of directives to perform the functions of the described embodiments by operating on input data and generating output. The described features include at least one programmable processor, at least one input device, and at least one output device coupled to receive data and directives from a data storage system and to transmit data and directives to the data storage system. It can be executed within one or more computer programs that can be executed on a programmable system including. A computer program includes a set of directives that can be used directly or indirectly within a computer to perform a specific action on a given result. Computer programs are written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and included as modules, elements, subroutines, or other units suitable for use in other computer environments, or as independently operable programs. It can be used in any form.

Suitable processors for execution of a program of directives include, for example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and either a single processor or multiple processors of a different kind of computer. Storage devices suitable for implementing computer program directives and data implementing the described features are, for example, semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices, magnetic devices such as internal hard disks and removable disks. Devices, magneto-optical disks and all types of non-volatile memory including CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and memory may be integrated within application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or added by ASICs.

The present invention described above is described on the basis of a series of functional blocks, but is not limited by the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications and changes within the scope not departing from the technical spirit of the present invention It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

Combinations of the above-described embodiments are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and combinations of various types as well as the above-described embodiments may be provided according to implementation and/or need.

In the above-described embodiments, the methods are described on the basis of a flow chart as a series of steps or blocks, but the present invention is not limited to the order of steps, and certain steps may occur in a different order or concurrently with the steps described above. have. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive, other steps are included, or one or more steps in the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the present invention. You can understand.

The above-described embodiments include examples of various aspects. It is not possible to describe all possible combinations for representing the various aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other combinations are possible. Accordingly, the present invention will be said to include all other replacements, modifications and changes falling within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (21)

A main transmission line that is a transmission line through which a directional signal to be detected proceeds;
A first combined transmission line for extracting a signal of a first point on the main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
A second combined transmission line for extracting a signal of a second point on the main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
A first signal measuring device for extracting a signal of the first combined transmission line; And
Including a second signal measuring device for extracting the signal of the second combined transmission line,
The first coupling transmission line has a first characteristic impedance,
One side of the first combined transmission line is disposed at the first point to have a first impedance with respect to the main transmission line,
The other side of the first combined transmission line is coupled to the first signal measuring device,
The second coupling transmission line has a second characteristic impedance,
One side of the second combined transmission line is disposed at the second point to have a second impedance with respect to the main transmission line,
The other side of the second combined transmission line is coupled to the second signal measuring device,
The signal extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line is an input impedance from one side of the first combined transmission line toward the first signal measuring device and the first combination of the main transmission line according to the first power storage coefficient It is determined by dividing the voltage of the first point according to the ratio of the impedance between the transmission lines,
The signal extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line is an input impedance from one side of the second combined transmission line toward the second signal measuring device and the second combined with the main transmission line according to the second power storage coefficient The directional signal detection apparatus, which is determined by distributing the voltage at the second point according to a ratio of impedance between transmission lines.
The method of claim 1,
Directional signal detection apparatus further comprising a calculation unit for calculating a result value for at least one of the forward signal and the reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device .
The method of claim 2,
The operation unit,
The voltage of the first point and the voltage of the second point are calculated based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device,
Configured to calculate a result value for at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the voltage of the first point, the voltage of the second point, and the distance between the first point and the second point. , Directional signal detection device.
The method of claim 1,
The main transmission line has a zeroth characteristic impedance,
A signal source is provided on one side of the main transmission line,
A load impedance is provided on the other side of the main transmission line,
A directional signal detection device configured to flow a forward signal and a reverse signal through the main transmission line.
The method of claim 1,
The directional signal detection apparatus, wherein the distance between the first point and the second point is less than λ/4.
However, where λ represents the wavelength of the directional signal.
delete The method of claim 1,
The input impedance of the first signal measuring device is the first characteristic impedance,
The input impedance of the second signal measuring device is the second characteristic impedance.
delete The method of claim 1,
The signal extracted by the first signal measuring device has a value determined by a signal extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line and an electrical length of the first combined transmission line,
The signal extracted by the second signal measuring device has a value determined by a signal extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line and an electrical length of the second combined transmission line.
The method of claim 9,
Further comprising a calculation unit for calculating a result value for at least one of the forward signal and the reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device, the measured value of the second signal measuring device and a predetermined constant value, ,
The predetermined constant value may be a distance between the first point and the second point, the first impedance, the second impedance, the first characteristic impedance, the second characteristic impedance, and the electrical of the first coupling transmission line. A directional signal detection apparatus comprising a length and an electrical length of the second combined transmission line.
The method of claim 10,
The coupling characteristic is a capacitive coupling characteristic, the first impedance is a first power storage coefficient, the second impedance is a second power storage coefficient,
The forward signal of the main transmission line is determined based on the following equation.

However, where V ₁ ⁺ is the forward signal, ℓ is the distance between the first point and the second point, V _c12 is the measured value of the first signal meter, C ₁ is the first power storage coefficient, Z ₀₁ is the first characteristic impedance, θ ₁ is the electrical length of the first coupled transmission line, V _c22 is the measured value of the second signal measuring instrument, C ₂ is the second power storage coefficient, Z ₀₂ is the second characteristic impedance, and θ ₂ is the electrical length of the second coupled transmission line. Represents.
The method of claim 10,
The coupling characteristic is a capacitive coupling characteristic, the first impedance is a first power storage coefficient, the second impedance is a second power storage coefficient,
The reverse signal of the main transmission line is determined based on the following equation.

However, where V ₁ ^- is the reverse signal, ℓ is the distance between the first point and the second point, V _c22 is the measured value of the second signal meter, C ₂ is the second power storage coefficient, Z ₀₂ is the second characteristic impedance, θ ₂ is the electrical length of the second combined transmission line, V _c12 is the measured value of the first signal meter, C ₁ is the first power storage coefficient, Z ₀₁ is the first characteristic impedance, θ ₁ is the electrical length of the first combined transmission line Represents.
Arranging one side of a first combined transmission line for extracting a signal of a first point on the main transmission line through a combination characteristic on a main transmission line, which is a transmission line on which the directional signal to be detected proceeds;
Arranging, on the main transmission line, one side of a second combined transmission line for extracting a signal of a second point on the main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
Disposing a first signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the first combined transmission line on the other side of the first combined transmission line;
Disposing a second signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the second combined transmission line on the other side of the second combined transmission line; And
Comprising the step of calculating a result value for at least one of the forward signal and the reverse signal of the main transmission line based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device and the measured value of the second signal measuring device,
The first coupling transmission line has a first characteristic impedance,
One side of the first combined transmission line is disposed at the first point to have a first impedance with respect to the main transmission line,
The second coupling transmission line has a second characteristic impedance,
One side of the second combined transmission line is disposed at the second point to have a second impedance with respect to the main transmission line,
The signal extracted from one side of the first combined transmission line is an input impedance from one side of the first combined transmission line toward the first signal measuring device and the first combination of the main transmission line according to the first power storage coefficient It is determined by dividing the voltage of the first point according to the ratio of the impedance between the transmission lines,
The signal extracted from one side of the second combined transmission line is the main transmission line and the second combination according to the input impedance from one side of the second combined transmission line toward the second signal measuring device and the second power storage coefficient The method of detecting a directional signal, which is determined by distributing the voltage at the second point according to a ratio of impedance between transmission lines.
A device to be tested having a front reference surface and a rear reference surface;
A first main transmission line having one side connected to the signal source and the other side connected to the front reference plane of the device under test;
A second main transmission line in which one side is connected to the rear reference surface of the device under test and the other side is connected to a load;
A first combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a first point on the first main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
A second combined transmission line for extracting a signal of a second point on the first main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
A third combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a third point on the second main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
A fourth combined transmission line for extracting a signal at a fourth point on the second main transmission line through a combination characteristic;
A first signal measuring device for extracting a signal of the first combined transmission line;
A second signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the second combined transmission line;
A third signal measuring device for extracting a signal of the third combined transmission line; And
A directional signal detection apparatus comprising a fourth signal measuring device for extracting a signal from the fourth combined transmission line.
The method of claim 14,
Based on the measured value of the first signal measuring device, the measured value of the second signal measuring device, the measured value of the third signal measuring device, and the measured value of the fourth signal measuring device, A calculation unit for calculating a result value of at least one of a forward signal and a reverse signal of the first main transmission line, a forward signal of the second main transmission line and a reverse signal of the second main transmission line on the rear reference plane. Containing, directional signal detection device.
The method of claim 15,
The operation unit is configured to determine at least one of an input reflection coefficient and an input impedance at the front reference plane, a load reflection coefficient and a load impedance at the load in response to a signal applied to the signal source and a forward signal applied. Which is a directional signal detection device.
The method of claim 16,
The input reflection coefficient and input impedance on the front reference plane are determined based on a forward signal of the first main transmission line and a reverse signal of the first main transmission line on the front reference plane.
The method of claim 16,
The load reflection coefficient and the load impedance in the load are determined based on a forward signal of the second main transmission line and a reverse signal of the second main transmission line on the rear reference plane.
The method of claim 15,
The operation unit is configured to determine at least one of an output reflection coefficient and an output impedance at the rear reference plane, a power reflection coefficient and a power impedance at the signal source in response to a signal applied to the load and a reverse signal applied. Which is a directional signal detection device.
The method of claim 19,
The output reflection coefficient and output impedance on the rear reference plane are determined based on a forward signal of the second main transmission line and a reverse signal of the second main transmission line on the rear reference plane.
The method of claim 19,
The power reflection coefficient and power impedance of the signal source are determined based on a forward signal of the first main transmission line and a reverse signal of the first main transmission line on the front reference plane.

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