KR102227735B1 - 3D Modeling method for organ and 3D organ model - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a 3D modeling method of an organ and a 3D organ model. According to the present invention, the 3D organ model includes: a model body consisting of a mesh structure and representing a normal region; and a lesion body connected to the model body, representing a lesion area, and having a lesion ody with a denser structure than the model body, thereby shortening a manufacturing time and cost.

Description

3D Modeling method for organ and 3D organ model}

The present invention relates to a 3D modeling method of organs that reduce manufacturing time and cost, and a 3D organ model in which normal tissues and lesions are clearly distinguished.

In the treatment of cancer patients, a 3D organ model is used to explain the treatment plan to the patient or refer to it during surgery.

The 3D long-term model is manufactured through 3D modeling and 3D printing, but there is a problem that it takes excessive time and cost to manufacture.

In addition, in the manufactured 3D organ model, there is a problem that the distinction between normal tissues and lesions is not clear.

Registration in Korea No. 10-1818007 (announced on February 21, 2018)

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a 3D modeling method of organs that reduce manufacturing time and cost, and a 3D organ model in which normal tissues and lesions are clearly distinguished.

An object of the present invention is a 3D organ model, comprising: a model body consisting of a mesh structure and representing a normal region; And a lesion connected to the model body, representing a lesion area, and having a structure that is finer than that of the model body, and is achieved by manufacturing through 3D printing.

The lesion may have a solid surface.

The lesion may be spherical.

It is connected to the model body and represents a peripheral organ region and further includes a peripheral organ body having a mesh structure, and the peripheral organ body may be denser than the model body and less dense than the lesion.

A stand positioned below the model body and supporting the model body may be further included.

Another object of the present invention is a 3D organ modeling method, comprising the steps of distinguishing and recognizing a normal region and a lesion region of the organ from a tomography image of the organ; Reconfiguring the recognized normal region and the lesion region in three dimensions to prepare a reconstructed three-dimensional region including the original seat; Extracting simple coordinates by simplifying the reconstructed 3D area; From the simplified coordinates, the normal region is a model body made of a mesh, and the lesion region is modeled as a lesion that is denser than the model body, thereby preparing a printing model.

The simplified coordinates may be obtained by randomly selecting any one of the original coordinates located within a certain interval.

In the model body, the simple coordinates may be modeled as spheres, and the simple coordinates may be modeled as columns.

The lesion may be modeled as a sphere centered on the center coordinate by obtaining a center coordinate.

The printing model further includes a stand connected to the model body, wherein the stand divides any one of the original coordinate and the simplified coordinate into a plurality of sections based on each axis of x, y, and z. , The lowest point of each section is obtained, and a section in which the differential value is 0 in the section in which the differential value of the graph connecting the lowest point changes from negative to positive may be set as the uppermost end of the stand.

It may further include the step of obtaining a 3D organ model by 3D printing based on the printing model.

The printing model further includes a peripheral organ, and the peripheral organ may be prepared from coordinates obtained by randomly selecting at a narrower interval than the simple coordinate in the original coordinate.

The organ is the thyroid gland, and a predetermined interval for extracting the simplified coordinates may be 3.5mm to 4.5mm.

According to the present invention, a 3D modeling method of an organ that reduces manufacturing time and cost, and a 3D organ model in which normal tissue and lesion are clearly distinguished are provided.

1 shows an embodiment of a 3D thyroid model according to the present invention,
2 shows another embodiment of a 3D thyroid model according to the present invention,
3 shows an embodiment of a 3D lung model according to the present invention,
4 shows an embodiment of a 3D breast model according to the present invention,
5 is a flowchart showing a method for modeling a 3D organ according to an embodiment of the present invention,
6 shows a screen in which tomography images of the thyroid gland are loaded into a computer,
7 shows a screen for dividing a normal region and a lesion region in a tomography image,
8 shows a reconstructed three-dimensional area,
9 shows the modeling result of the normal region,
10 shows the modeling result of the lesion area,
11 to 13 show the stand modeling process.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

The accompanying drawings are only an example illustrated to describe the technical idea of the present invention in more detail, and thus the spirit of the present invention is not limited to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in the accompanying drawings, sizes and intervals may be exaggerated differently from the actual in order to explain the relationship between each component.

Hereinafter, the thyroid gland is mainly illustrated as an example of an organ, but the organ of the present invention is not limited to the thyroid gland. Organs of the present invention may be any labeled anatomical structure with a specific name based on functional structural similarity in the human body, for example, the eyeball, oral cavity, facial bone, ear, nose, thyroid gland. , Lung, heart, liver, may be any one of the kidneys, but is not limited thereto.

1 shows an embodiment of a 3D thyroid model according to the present invention,

The thyroid gland model 1 consists of a model body 10 and a lesion 20.

The model body 10 is made of a mesh type. The skeleton of the mesh is in the form of a cylinder, but in other embodiments, it may be variously changed, such as a square column.

The radius of the cylinder is 0.25mm to 0.35mm. If the radius is less than 0.25mm, the model is weak and can be broken, and if the radius is larger than 0.35mm, the model becomes clunky. The appropriate radius of the cylinder can be changed by the material of the thyroid model 1, the total size of the thyroid model 1, and the mesh spacing.

The lesion 20 has a solid spherical shape. The interior of the lesion 20 may be empty. The lesion body 20 is formed integrally with the model body 10 and is supported by the model body 10.

In another embodiment, the lesion 20 may have a finer mesh shape than the model body 10. In addition, the lesion body 20 may be provided in a color different from that of the model body 10.

2 shows another embodiment of a 3D thyroid model according to the present invention.

The thyroid gland model 2 includes a stand 30 and peripheral organs 41 and 42 in addition to the model body 10 and the lesion 20.

The stand 30 is located under the model body 10 and contacts the floor when the thyroid model 2 is high on the floor to maintain the posture in which the model body 10 is located inside the body.

The stand 30 is provided to be solid to be distinguished from the model body 10, and the inside may be empty. The stand 30 may be provided in a color different from that of the model body 10.

The surrounding organs 41 and 42 are models of thyroid cartilage and bronchi, respectively.

The'peripheral organs' of the present invention may be defined as'peripheral structures associated with the anatomical location of the lesion (tumor). However, the'peripheral organ' can be selected in various ways depending on the type of the target organ, etc.

Peripheral organs are not limited thereto, but the esophagus, bronchi, thyroid cartilage, carotid and/or jugular veins for the thyroid gland, dense and sparse tissues for the breast, the nipples, ribs and/or pectoralis muscle, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and/or bronchi for the lungs. Can be

The peripheral organs 41 and 42 are provided with structures of different densities to distinguish them from the model body 10 and the lesion 20.

3 shows an embodiment of a 3D lung model according to the present invention.

The lung model 3 consists of a model body 10, a lesion body 20, and a peripheral organ body (41, 42, 43).

Peripheral organs (41, 42, 43) are models of the bronchi, lower lung lobe, and middle lung lobe, respectively.

The peripheral organs (41, 42, 43) are expressed in different densities than the model body 10 and the lesion 20, and the peripheral organs (41, 42, 43) themselves have different densities so that they can be distinguished from each other. It is expressed.

4 shows an embodiment of a 3D breast model according to the present invention.

The breast model 4 is composed of a model body 10, a lesion body 20, and a peripheral organ body 41. The peripheral organ 41 is a model of a nipple.

A 3D modeling method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5. Of the methods described below, preparation of a printing model may be performed using a computer or a computer processing apparatus.

First, the normal area and the lesion area are distinguished from the tomography image of the patient (S100).

The tomography image may be a CT image, an MRI image, and a PET-CT image, but is not limited thereto.

6 shows a screen in which a tomography image of the thyroid gland is loaded into a computer, and FIG. 7 shows a screen for dividing a normal region and a lesion region in the tomography image.

In Fig. 7, green is the thyroid region (normal region), and the dotted circle is the nodule (lesion region).

In the case of general organs, the location of the solid organ area (normal area) and carcinoma (lesion area) is recognized.

Simultaneously with this step, anatomically related surrounding structures (peripheral organs) can be automatically separated and recognized.

Recognition of the image described above may be performed by a conventional method. For example, but not limited to, manual area designation, a method using a threshold, edge detection, parametric method, machine learning method, deep learning learning), etc.

Thereafter, the recognized area is reconstructed to prepare a reconstructed 3D area (S200). The reconstructed three-dimensional region contains the original coordinates.

5 shows a reconstructed three-dimensional area.

This step can also be carried out in a conventional manner. For example, FreeCAD, MeshLAB, Blender, Meshmixe or the marching cubes algorithm (1987) can be used.

Next, simple coordinates are extracted from the reconstructed 3D area (S300).

In this step, the reconstructed area is simplified by dividing it into points and planes at regular intervals. In the reconstructed three-dimensional domain, the triangular coordinates and the plane formed by the coordinates are obtained. In this step, the'sphere' and the'column' are reconstructed again using the values of the'coordinate' and'face'.

The simplified coordinates may be composed of the number of coordinates of 10% to 30% of the coordinates of the original coordinates.

For example, if the original coordinates are composed of about 12,000 coordinates, the simplified coordinates may be about 1,800.

In the simplification, regions are divided at regular intervals, and one of the original coordinates belonging to this region is randomly selected.

In the case of the thyroid gland, the predetermined interval may be 3.5mm to 4.5mm. Large organs such as the liver may be 0.8cm to 1.2cm, and medium-sized organs such as breasts may be 4mm to 6mm.

In the thyroid gland, a certain interval is selected as 4mm, and the interval between the two randomly selected coordinates among the final selected coordinates exists from at least 1mm to 8mm.

The reason for selecting randomly in the simplification is that, when reconstructing to a fixed coordinate, the irregular features of the model are rather omitted.

In the case of the thyroid gland, if a certain distance is less than 3.5mm, it may be difficult to observe the inside of the mesh form, and if the certain distance is greater than 4.5mm, the number of coordinates decreases, and the irregular features of the model are omitted.

'Irregular' means the details of the shape of the organ. The organs of the human body are not completely curved or straight, but have a somewhat uneven shape, and they have a bumpy surface. , As the spacing of the points increases, the irregular shape becomes more and more flat. In other words, the'irregular nature of the organ' means'the shape or complexity of the unique surface of the organ'.

After that, a printing model is prepared through modeling (S400).

In this step, it is constructed in three dimensions based on the extracted simple coordinates and expressed as a mesh type or a solid type.

Coordinates are expressed as spheres at the corresponding coordinates. In the case of the thyroid gland, the radius of the sphere may be 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm.

The column connecting the coordinates and the coordinates is expressed as a cylinder (cylinder). In the case of the thyroid gland, the radius of the cylinder may also be 0.25mm to 0.35mm.

In the case of nodules, the epicenter, which is not detected as a region when detected, is obtained and expressed as a sphere at the corresponding coordinates. This is to increase the visibility with a uniform texture implemented in a circular shape because the area is the most important. If the sphere is located inside and is not connected to the mesh surrounding the outer shape, connect it by creating a bridge that connects the three closest coordinates.

9 shows the modeling result of the normal region, and FIG. 10 shows the modeling result of the lesion region.

In the above modeling, you can additionally model a stand that can stably place the model and surrounding organs according to your choice.

The modeling of the stand will be described using the thyroid gland as an example.

The thyroid gland is divided into left and right lobes, and it finds the isthmus connecting it. The search method divides the whole into a certain number of sections, for example, 10 sections, and the section with the least coordinates corresponds to the isthmus. By dividing left and right based on the isthmus, the coordinates located at the lowest z-axis on both sides are obtained, and a hexahedron with the lowest height including the sphere created by this coordinate is 1 cm.

All 3D models can be configured with a stand based on the x, y, and z axes. After dividing into 10 sections based on each axis, the lowest point of each section is obtained. In the section in which the differential value of the graph following this lowest point changes from negative to positive, the value of the section in which the differential value records 0 becomes the height of the top of the stand.

11 to 13 illustrate the stand modeling process in detail.

As shown in Fig. 11, when the stand is made with the z-axis, the x-axis is divided into 10 sections, and a graph is drawn with the lowest point of the z-coordinate of the section.

Since it is the lowest point of 10 sections, 8 variation values (differential values) of the coordinates for each section are obtained, and as shown in FIG. 12, it is obtained as -, +, +, -, +, -, 0, +.

Of these, there are a total of 3 sections transferred from-to +, which are the red parts of FIG. 13.

That is, the coordinates 1mm above the three coordinates become the coordinates of the top of the stand. The reason for raising 1mm is that each column and coordinate points of the mesh structure are composed of a radius of 0.3mm, so when increasing by 1mm from the three upper coordinates, part of the mesh structure overlaps to increase stability.

The stand should be 1cm high from the lowest coordinate among the three coordinates obtained through the above calculation.

The modeling of the surrounding organs is as follows.

In the case of the thyroid gland, the reason why the interval of coordinate selection was, for example, 3mm was for the inside to see well. However,'anatomically related organs' are structures that do not need to see their interior, so the selection of coordinates at smaller intervals, e.g. 2mm or 1mm intervals, or a sphere constructed through coordinates or connecting two coordinates. It can be expressed in different densities by giving a difference in the thickness of the circular column.

After that, a 3D organ model is obtained by printing with an actual 3D printer using the printing model (S500).

The above-described embodiments are examples for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Since those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to implement the present invention by various modifications therefrom, the technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (13)

In the 3D organ model,
A model body consisting of a mesh structure and representing a normal region; And
It is connected to the model body and represents a lesion area and includes a lesion body having a structure that is denser than that of the model body,
It is manufactured through 3D printing,
It is connected to the model body and further includes a peripheral organ body having a mesh structure,
The peripheral organ body represents the peripheral organ area,
The surrounding organs are denser than the model body and less dense than the lesions 3D organ model. In claim 1,
The lesion is a 3D organ model with a solid surface. In paragraph 2,
The lesion is a spherical 3D organ model. delete In claim 1,
3D organ model further comprising a stand positioned under the model body and supporting the model body. In the 3D organ modeling method performed by a computer,
Distinguishing and recognizing a normal region and a lesion region of the organ from the tomography image of the organ;
3D reconstructing the recognized normal area and lesion area to prepare a reconstructed 3D area including original coordinates;
Extracting simple coordinates by simplifying the reconstructed 3D area;
And preparing a printing model by modeling the normal region as a model body made of a mesh from the simplified coordinates, and the lesion region as a lesion body that is denser than the model body. In paragraph 6,
The simplified coordinates are,
3D organ modeling method obtained by randomly selecting any one of the original coordinates located within a certain interval. In clause 7,
In the model body,
The simplified coordinates are Guro,
A 3D organ modeling method for modeling with a column between the simple coordinates. In clause 8,
The lesion is,
A 3D long-term modeling method of obtaining a center coordinate and modeling it as a sphere centered on the center coordinate. In any one of claims 6 to 9,
The printing model,
Further comprising a stand connected to the model body,
The stand above,
After dividing any one of the original coordinate and the simplified coordinate into a plurality of sections based on each axis of x, y, and z, the lowest point of each section is obtained,
A 3D long-term modeling method in which a section in which a derivative value of 0 is recorded in a section in which the derivative value of the graph following the lowest point changes from negative to positive is set as the uppermost end of the stand. delete In any one of claims 6 to 9,
The printing model further includes a peripheral organ,
The 3D organ modeling method in which the peripheral organ is provided from coordinates obtained by randomly selecting at a narrower interval than the simple coordinate in the original coordinate. In any one of claims 6 to 9,
The organ is the thyroid gland,
A 3D organ modeling method in which a predetermined interval for extracting the simple coordinates is 3.5mm to 4.5mm.

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