KR102209380B1 - Rf lens apparatus for improving directivity of antenna array and transmitting-receiving antenna system including the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are an RF lens device for improving the directivity of an antenna array, a transmission/reception antenna system including the RF lens device, and a beamforming method performed in a transmission/reception antenna system. A transmission/reception antenna system according to an embodiment includes an antenna array including a plurality of antennas; RF lenses for antennas provided on the upper portion of the antenna array-the RF lenses for antennas are arranged to correspond to the plurality of antennas, respectively; And an array RF lens provided above the antenna RF lenses to control a beam of the antenna array, and each of the plurality of antennas interoperate with each other to generate signals and process signals.

Description

An RF lens device that improves the directivity of an antenna array, and a transmission/reception antenna system including the same TECHNICAL FIELD [RF LENS APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING DIRECTIVITY OF ANTENNA ARRAY AND TRANSMITTING-RECEIVING ANTENNA SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME}

The following description relates to a transmission/reception antenna system having multiple antennas, and in more detail, a transmission/reception antenna system for improving the directivity of an antenna array by using an RF lens.

A wireless communication system or a radar, etc. includes a transmission/reception antenna system for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. Modern transmission/reception antenna systems often use multiple antennas, and in the case of multiple antenna-based transmission/reception antenna systems, the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology or beamforming technology increases the data transmission speed. Or, it has many advantages such as reducing interference between devices, increasing a signal transmission distance, or increasing a signal-to-noise ratio.

Here, the transmission beamforming technology adjusts the phase and amplitude of signals transmitted from each of the multiple antennas, so that signals transmitted from different antennas are mutually constructive interference or cancel each other according to directions. It is a technology that causes destructive interference and transmits a transmitted signal with directivity. Receive beamforming technology is a technology that adjusts the phase and amplitude of signals received from each of the multiple antennas and combines them to increase reception sensitivity in a specific direction to receive with directivity. The principle is the same as transmission beamforming. Transmission or reception beamforming is a technique that can be applied when signals transmitted or received by each antenna are stochastically highly correlated.

On the other hand, MIMO technology, unlike beamforming technology, is a technology used when signals transmitted or received from each antenna are ideally uncorrelated (stochastically uncorrelated).MIMO technology uses multiple antennas at the same time. Data streams can be transmitted/received, or by using a multiplexing gain, robust performance can be obtained even with channel environment changes. MIMO technology tends to degrade performance as the correlation between signals transmitted or received by each antenna increases.

Recently, in the field of wireless communication, as methods for efficient use of frequency resources along with depletion of frequency resources, research on the above-described MIMO and beamforming technology is being actively conducted. These MIMO and beamforming technologies are expected to become the core technologies of the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication. In addition, as interest in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and self-driving cars increases, competition for developing more high-performance automotive radars intensifies. Antennas are basically being introduced.

Accordingly, the following embodiments propose a technique capable of solving the problem of MIMO and beamforming and improving performance in a transmission/reception antenna system having multiple antennas.

In an exemplary embodiment, in a transmitting/receiving antenna system comprising a plurality of antennas that interoperate and operate, nonlinearity between a spatial frequency and an angle of incidence (or radiation angle) and the deterioration of the directivity of the antenna array caused by the directivity of the antenna. It provides a technology that can cover a wide angle with a single antenna array or improve the directivity of an antenna array.

Specifically, one embodiment transmits/receives using an RF lens device including RF lenses for antennas disposed to correspond to a plurality of antennas constituting an antenna array, and RF lenses for arrays provided above the RF lenses for antennas. It provides an antenna system and a beamforming method.

According to an embodiment, a transmission/reception antenna system for improving antenna directivity includes an antenna array including a plurality of antennas; RF lenses for antennas provided on the upper portion of the antenna array-the RF lenses for antennas are arranged to correspond to the plurality of antennas, respectively; And an array RF lens provided above the antenna RF lenses to control a beam of the antenna array, and each of the plurality of antennas interoperate to perform signal generation and signal processing.

According to one aspect, each of the plurality of antennas interoperate with each other based on the number of the plurality of antennas, the positions of each of the plurality of antennas, and signal generation and signal processing performed by each of the plurality of antennas. Signal generation and signal processing can be performed.

According to another aspect, each of the antenna RF lenses changes a beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas, the antenna array forms a beam within a first angular range, and the array RF lens The directing angle of the beam of the antenna array may be refracted so that the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array is changed from the first angle range to a second angle range that is wider or narrower than the first angle range.

According to another aspect, the antenna array may determine the first angular range that satisfies a constraint condition due to a changed beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas.

According to another aspect, each of the antenna RF lenses may change the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range by changing the energy distribution of the beams of each of the plurality of antennas.

According to another aspect, each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses may include a concave portion for dispersing energy of the beam.

According to another aspect, each of the antenna RF lenses is provided to control a focal length of a lens, so that the specific angle range may be adaptively adjusted.

According to another aspect, each of the antenna RF lenses may change the energy distribution of a beam of each of the plurality of antennas so that the gains of each of the plurality of antennas have a threshold value only within the specific angular range. .

According to another aspect, the plurality of antenna RF lenses may be disposed to correspond to the plurality of antennas one-to-one, respectively.

According to another aspect, the RF lens for an array may be provided to control a focal length of a lens, so that the second angular range may be adaptively adjusted.

According to an embodiment, an antenna array consisting of a plurality of antennas; Transmitting/receiving including RF lenses for antennas provided on top of the antenna array-the RF lenses for antennas are disposed to correspond to the plurality of antennas, respectively, and RF lenses for arrays provided above the RF lenses for antennas A beamforming method performed in an antenna system includes the steps of performing signal generation and signal processing by interworking with each of the plurality of antennas; Changing a beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas in each of the antenna RF lenses; Forming, by the antenna array, a beam within a first angular range; And in the RF lens for the array, the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array is refracted so that the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array is changed from the first angle range to a second angle range wider or narrower than the first angle range. It includes the step of making.

According to an aspect, the performing of the signal generation and signal processing may include, in each of the plurality of antennas, the number of the plurality of antennas, the positions of the plurality of antennas, and each of the plurality of antennas. It may be a step of performing signal generation and signal processing by interworking with each other based on signal generation and signal processing.

According to another aspect, forming a beam within the first angular range may include determining the first angular range satisfying a constraint condition due to a changed beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas. have.

According to another aspect, the step of changing the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas includes changing the energy distribution of the beam of each of the plurality of antennas, so that the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas falls within a specific angular range. It may include a step of changing.

According to another aspect, the step of changing the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range includes the plurality of antennas so that a gain of each of the plurality of antennas has a threshold value only within the specific angular range. It may be a step of changing the energy distribution of each beam.

In an exemplary embodiment, in a transmitting/receiving antenna system comprising a plurality of antennas that interoperate and operate, nonlinearity between a spatial frequency and an angle of incidence (or radiation angle) and the deterioration of the directivity of the antenna array caused by the directivity of the antenna. To solve this problem, it is possible to provide a technology capable of covering a wide angle with a single antenna array or improving the directivity of an antenna array.

Specifically, one embodiment transmits/receives using an RF lens device including RF lenses for antennas disposed to correspond to a plurality of antennas constituting an antenna array, and RF lenses for arrays provided above the RF lenses for antennas. An antenna system and a beamforming method may be provided.

1 is a diagram showing a conventional transmission and reception antenna system.
2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a spatial frequency and an angle of incidence.
3 is a diagram for explaining a gain characteristic and directivity according to an angle of an antenna in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a 0° direction in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a 30° direction in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
6 is a diagram for explaining a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a direction of 60° in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
7 is a diagram for explaining a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a 90° direction in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
8 is a view for explaining a gain characteristic and directivity according to an angle of an antenna in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
9 is a diagram for explaining a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a 0° direction in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a 30° direction in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a direction of 60° in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
12 is a view for explaining a gain of an antenna array according to an angle when the antenna array is oriented in a 90° direction in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure.
13 is a diagram illustrating a transmission/reception antenna system according to an embodiment.
14 is a diagram showing a transmit antenna system and a receive antenna system to which multi-antenna technology is applied.
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an RF lens for an antenna included in the transmission/reception antenna system shown in FIG. 13.
FIG. 16 is another diagram illustrating an RF lens for an antenna included in the transmission/reception antenna system shown in FIG. 13.
17 is a view for explaining an embodiment of an RF lens for an array included in the transmission and reception antenna system shown in FIG.
18 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of an RF lens for an array included in the transmission/reception antenna system shown in FIG. 13.
19 is a flowchart illustrating a beamforming method in a transmission/reception antenna system according to an embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited or limited by the embodiments. In addition, the same reference numerals shown in each drawing denote the same member.

In addition, terms used in the present specification are terms used to properly express preferred embodiments of the present invention, which may vary depending on the intention of viewers or operators, or customs in the field to which the present invention belongs. Accordingly, definitions of these terms should be made based on the contents throughout the present specification.

The embodiments described herein relate to a transmission/reception antenna system having multiple antennas, and RF lenses for antennas that are disposed to correspond to a plurality of antennas constituting an antenna array to change the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas. And it is provided on the upper portion of the antenna RF lenses, the antenna array refracts the directing angle of the beam formed within the first angle range, so that the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array is wider or narrower than the first angle range from the first angle range. By configuring the transmit/receive antenna system to include an RF lens for an array that changes to a second angular range, the nonlinearity between the spatial frequency and the angle of incidence and the deterioration in the directional performance of the antenna array caused by the directivity of the antenna are solved, and a single antenna array is used. Make it possible to cover a wide angle.

Hereinafter, a transmission/reception antenna system having multiple antennas refers to a system for transmitting/receiving signals including an antenna array including a plurality of antennas that interoperate and operate. In addition, for convenience of description, the present invention describes a beamforming technique in a transmission/reception antenna system as an example, but is not limited thereto or is not limited thereto, and the same may be applied to a MIMO transmission/reception technique. In addition, hereinafter, the antenna array is described as being a one-dimensional linear array, but is not limited thereto or may be extended and applied to a two-dimensional or three-dimensional array.

1 is a diagram showing a conventional transmission and reception antenna system.

Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional transmission/reception antenna system has a structure including a linear antenna array 100 consisting of a plurality of antennas A ₀ , A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ , A ₄ , A ₅ . . At this time, the interval between the plurality of antennas (A ₀ , A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ , A ₄ , A ₅ ) in the linear antenna array 100 is equal to the half wavelength of the carrier frequency (λ/2). It is assumed to be, but is not limited or limited thereto. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the ideal transmission/reception antenna system and the realistic transmission/reception antenna system described later with reference to FIGS. 2 to 12 have the structure as shown in FIG. 1.

2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a spatial frequency and an angle of incidence.

In the transmission/reception antenna system of the conventional structure described above with reference to FIG. 1, when a signal is received by a linear antenna array, a signal received by each of a plurality of antennas constituting the linear antenna array has a different phase value according to an incident angle. In this way, the rate of change of the phase according to space is referred to as a spatial frequency, and the spatial frequency has a nonlinear relationship with the incident angle of the signal as shown in the graph 200 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining gain characteristics and directivity according to an angle of an antenna in an ideal transmitting/receiving antenna system of a conventional structure, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an antenna array in the 0° direction in an ideal transmitting/receiving antenna system of a conventional structure 5 is a diagram for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle when the antenna array is oriented in the 30° direction in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure 6 is a diagram for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle when the antenna array is oriented in the direction of 60° in the ideal transmission/reception antenna system of the conventional structure, and FIG. 7 is , A diagram for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle when the antenna array is oriented in the 90° direction.

Referring to FIG. 3, in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure, when a gain according to the angle of the antenna, that is, a beam pattern is represented in a cartesian coordinate system, as shown in 310, it is always in a range of -90° to 90° direction. If it has a characteristic of 1, if you graph 310 in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 320. In such an ideal case, when the linear antenna array is steered in a specific direction in the transmission/reception antenna system (conventional transmission/reception antenna system), the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is shown in FIGS. 4 to 7.

Hereinafter, a beam pattern means a radiation pattern of an antenna or a radiation pattern of an antenna array composed of multiple antennas, and directivity means a degree or property of a beam pattern of an antenna or an antenna array being concentrated in a specific direction. In addition, hereinafter, the radiation pattern of the antenna or antenna array is a pattern representing the degree to which energy is radiated from the antenna or antenna array according to a direction (for transmission) or a reception sensitivity (for reception) according to the direction. Directivity is determined by the beam pattern, that is, the shape of the beam (beam shape), and the directivity can be used as an expression such as high, large, low, small, present, or absent. At this time, if the directivity is high, the beam shape is narrow, and if the directivity is low, the beam shape has a wide relationship. Hereinafter, the shape of the beam is a concept including the width of the beam, and "changing the shape of the beam" removes energy radiation (or reception) outside a certain angular range so that the width of the beam is located within a certain angular range. At the same time, it may mean maintaining the antenna gain within a certain angular range.

In addition, steering means that a directional antenna or a directional antenna array is directed toward a desired direction.

Referring to FIG. 4, in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the 0° direction, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system. When the beam pattern of 410 is drawn as a graph of linear scale in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 420.

In this case, the beam pattern of the antenna array increases in directivity as the number of antennas constituting the antenna array increases, and may be sharply formed. However, even if the number of antennas is the same, the beam pattern when the array is steered in the 0° direction has the highest directivity, and the directivity of the beam pattern decreases as the directivity angle goes in the 90° direction or -90° direction. Have. This problem may occur because, as shown in FIG. 2, the relationship between the incident angle of the signal and the spatial frequency is a non-linear relationship.

Hereinafter, the steering angle means an angle or direction in which energy radiation from an antenna having a directionality or an antenna array having a directionality is concentrated. In this case, the directing angle has the same meaning as the direction of the beam.

Referring to FIG. 5, in an ideal transmission/reception antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the direction of 30°, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 510, and 510 If the beam pattern of is plotted as a graph of linear scale in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 520.

Here, it is confirmed that the beam pattern when the antenna array is oriented in the 30° direction is slightly inferior to the beam pattern described above with reference to FIG. 4, but maintains relatively good directivity.

Referring to FIG. 6, in an ideal transmit/receive antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the direction of 60°, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 610, 610. If the beam pattern of is plotted as a graph of linear scale in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 620.

At this time, the beam pattern when the antenna array is oriented in the 60° direction has a remarkable decrease in directivity compared to the beam pattern described above with reference to FIG. 4 and the beam pattern described above with reference to FIG. 5, and the -90° direction Since the gain of the antenna array for is greater than or equal to 4.5, there is a problem that interference by a signal from the -90° direction, which is an undesired direction, may occur significantly.

Referring to FIG. 7, in an ideal transmitting/receiving antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the 90° direction, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 710, and 710 If the beam pattern of is plotted in a linear scale graph in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 720.

Here, it is confirmed that the beam pattern when the antenna array is oriented in the 90° direction has a large decrease in directivity, and there is a problem in that the signal received from the 90° direction and the signal received from the -90° direction cannot be distinguished.

In the above, the transmission/reception antenna system in the ideal case where the gain according to the angle of the antenna is always 1 for the range of -90° to 90° has been described, but in the actual wireless transmission/reception environment, the gain characteristic of the antenna itself also has directivity. Accordingly, the gain and directivity according to the angle of the antenna appear different from that of FIG. 3. A detailed description of this will be described with reference to FIG. 8.

8 is a diagram for explaining the gain characteristics and directivity according to the angle of the antenna in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of the conventional structure, and FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the antenna array in the 0° direction in the realistic transmission/reception antenna system of the conventional structure It is a diagram for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle of, FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle when the antenna array is oriented in the 30° direction in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure 11 is a view for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle when the antenna array is oriented in the direction of 60° in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure, and FIG. 12 is a realistic transmission/reception antenna system of a conventional structure , A diagram for explaining the gain of the antenna array according to the angle when the antenna array is oriented in the 90° direction.

Referring to FIG. 8, in the case of normalizing the gain in the 0° direction to 1 as in 810 when the gain according to the directing angle of the antenna, that is, the beam pattern is represented in a rectangular coordinate system in a conventional transmission/reception antenna system, As the angle moves in the -90° or 90° direction, the gain gradually decreases. If 810 is drawn as a graph in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 820. In such a realistic case, when a linear antenna array is directed in a specific direction in a transmission/reception antenna system (a conventional transmission/reception antenna system), the gain of the antenna array according to an angle, that is, a beam pattern, is shown in FIGS. 9 to 12.

Referring to FIG. 9, in a realistic transmit/receive antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the 0° direction, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 910, 910. If the beam pattern of is plotted on a linear scale graph in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 920.

At this time, it is confirmed that the beam pattern of the antenna array, such as 920, has a greater directivity than the beam pattern described above with reference to FIG. 4, which means that the antenna itself has directivity, and the orientation angle of the antenna and the orientation of the antenna array. Because the angles match.

Referring to FIG. 10, in a realistic transmit/receive antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the direction of 30°, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 1010, and 1010 If the beam pattern of is plotted as a graph of linear scale in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 1020.

Here, when oriented in the 30° direction, it is confirmed that the actual directing direction of the antenna array is slightly shifted to the left than the intended 30° direction. That is, when there is a directivity of the antenna itself as in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system, if the directivity angle of the antenna itself and the directivity angle of the antenna array do not match, it may adversely affect the direction of the antenna array.

Referring to FIG. 11, in a realistic transmit/receive antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the direction of 60°, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 1110, 1110. If the beam pattern of is plotted on a linear scale graph in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 1120.

At this time, when the antenna array is oriented in the 60° direction, it is confirmed that the actual direction of the antenna array is not only largely deviated from the intended 60° direction, but also the gain of the main lobe of the beam pattern is significantly reduced. , This is a phenomenon that occurs because the orientation angle of the antenna itself of the directional antenna and the orientation angle of the antenna array do not match.

Referring to FIG. 12, in a realistic transmit/receive antenna system, when the antenna array is oriented in the 90° direction, the gain of the antenna array according to the angle, that is, the beam pattern is drawn as a graph of a linear scale in a rectangular coordinate system, and is shown as 1210, 1210 If the beam pattern of is plotted as a graph of linear scale in the polar coordinate system, it appears as 1220.

When beamforming is performed in a realistic transmission/reception antenna system as described above, when the beam directing angle of the antenna array increases due to the directivity of the antenna itself, the beamforming performance is severely deteriorated. In addition, since the transmission/reception antenna system of the conventional structure has not solved the above problem, the directing angle of the beam pattern of the antenna array is limited to a much narrower angular range than 120°.

However, in the case of a sector antenna in mobile communication, it is often necessary to cover 120°, and in the case of a near-field radar for an autonomous vehicle, which has been actively researched recently, it must also cover about 120°. However, it is impossible to cover 120° with a single antenna array as described in FIGS. 8 to 12 with a conventional transmission/reception antenna system.

Accordingly, the following embodiments propose a transmission/reception antenna system capable of solving a deterioration in directional performance of an antenna array and covering a wide angle with a single antenna array by including an RF lens device.

13 is a diagram illustrating a transmission/reception antenna system according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 13, a transmission/reception antenna system 1300 according to an embodiment includes an antenna array 1310 and an RF lens device 1320 formed of a plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316. ). Hereinafter, the antenna array 1310 is characterized in that a plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 are configured to interwork with each other. A detailed description of this will be described below.

In addition, hereinafter, it is assumed that the spacing of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 in the antenna array 1310 is a half wavelength (λ/2) of the carrier frequency at equal intervals, but is limited thereto. Is not limited or limited. In addition, the antenna array 1310 is described as being a one-dimensional linear array as shown in the drawing, but is not limited or limited thereto, and a plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 are used in two or three dimensions. It may be a two-dimensional or three-dimensional array to be arranged. Even in this case, the RF lens device 1320 to be described later can be applied equally.

The RF lens device 1320 is provided on the antenna array 1310 and arranged to correspond to the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, respectively, for antenna RF lenses 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326) and antenna RF lenses (1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326) and an array RF lens 1330 provided on the upper portion of the.

Here, the antenna RF lenses 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326 may be disposed to correspond to the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, respectively. For example, the A ₀ antenna RF lens 1321 may be disposed above the A ₀ antenna 1311, and the A ₁ antenna RF lens 1322 may be disposed above the A ₁ antenna 1312. Likewise, the remaining antenna RF lenses 1323, 1324, 1325, and 1326 may be disposed to correspond to the remaining antennas 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316, respectively.

Each of the antenna RF lenses 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326 may change the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316. For example, the A ₀ antenna RF lens 1321 is the beam shape of the A ₀ antenna 1311, the A ₁ antenna RF lens 1322 is the A ₁ antenna 1312 beam shape, and the A ₂ antenna The RF lens 1323 is the beam shape of the A ₂ antenna 1313, the A ₃ antenna RF lens 1324 is the A ₃ antenna 1314 beam shape, and the A ₄ antenna RF lens 1325 is A ₄ the beam shape of the antenna (1315), a ₅ RF lens 1326 for antenna a ₅ antenna 1316 each beam width of the beam shape to be changed by 2 * θ ₁ to the majority of the radiation of -θ ₁ ~ θ _It can be changed to take place within ₁ . Hereinafter, 2*θ ₁ is a quantity representing the beam shape (width) of the antenna beam pattern changed by the antenna RF lens (1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326), and θ ₁ is related to the changed antenna beam pattern. Means parameter. A detailed description of this will be described with reference to FIG. 15.

Radiation in the present specification means that an RF signal is emitted during transmission in a transmission/reception antenna system. If the transmit/receive antenna system describes the operation in the receive mode, radiation means reception of an RF signal.

At this time, each of the antenna RF lenses 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326 changes the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 It may mean changing the radiation characteristics (radiation characteristics of the antenna itself) of each of the antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 of. Therefore, each of the antenna RF lenses 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326 can be designed in consideration of the self-radiation characteristics of each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316. Yes (for example, an aspherical lens or the like may be used, and one or more lens elements may be used). If the antenna is implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) like a patch antenna, the RF lens for the antenna is in close contact with the printed circuit board to cover all or part of the antenna ( cover) can be configured.

The antenna array 1310 forms a beam within a first angular range. At this time, the antenna array 1310 is changed by each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 by each of the antenna RF lenses 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326 By determining the first angle range that satisfies the constraint condition by the shape of the beam, a beam can be formed within the determined first angle range. For example, the antenna array 1310 includes a plurality of antennas (1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316) of the first angular range in the -θ ₁ ~ θ ₁ is the radiation range of each of the modified beam -φ ₁ A value of -φ ₁ to φ ₁ , which is the first angle range, may be determined so that ~ φ ₁ is located (φ ₁ <θ ₁ ). For a more specific example, in determining the parameter φ ₁ of the first angular range forming the beam, the antenna array 1310 has a modified beam of each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316. As a constraint condition by the shape parameter θ ₁ , an equation of φ ₁ =θ _1- (beam width of the antenna array 1310 )/2 can be used. Hereinafter, the first angular range of -φ ₁ to φ ₁ denotes a value representing the range of the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array 1310.

The array RF lens 1330 is a directing angle of the beam of the antenna array 1310 so that the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array 1310 is changed from the first angle range to a second angle range wider or narrower than the first angle range. Refracts In other words, the array RF lens 1330 may change the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array 1310 from the first angle range to the second angle range.

For example, the array RF lens 1330 refracts the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array 1310 having a first angular range of -φ ₁ to φ ₁ , so that the beam of the antenna array 1310 is -φ ₂ - it may have a second angular range of φ _2. Accordingly, the array RF lens 1330 may narrow or widen the coverage of the antenna array 1310 by refracting the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array 1310. Hereinafter, the second angular range of -φ ₂ to φ ₂ denotes a value representing the range of the directing angle changed by refraction after the beam of the antenna array 1310 passes through the array RF lens 1330. A detailed description of this will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 18.

As such, the transmission/reception antenna system 1300 according to an embodiment includes RF lenses 1321, 1322, and 1323 for antennas that change the shape of each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316. , 1324, 1325, 1326) and the antenna array 1310 refracts the directing angle of the beam formed within the first angular range to change the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array 1310 from the first angular range to the second angular range. By including the RF lens 1330 for an array that is changed to, it is possible to solve the deterioration in the directivity performance of the antenna array caused by the nonlinearity between the spatial frequency and the incident angle and the directivity of the antenna, and cover a wide angle with a single antenna array. .

The antenna array 1310 is characterized in that a plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 are configured to interwork with each other. Hereinafter, the fact that the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 are configured to interwork with each other means that the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 are each interrelated to each other to signal It means that it is configured to perform generation and signal processing. That is, each of the plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 is the number of all antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 constituting the antenna array 1310, the number of antenna arrays ( The positions of all antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 constituting 1310), and all antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 constituting the antenna array 1310, respectively Based on the signal generation and signal processing performed, signal generation and signal processing may be performed in conjunction with each other. For example, the A ₁ antenna 1312 includes the number of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316 constituting the antenna array 1310, antennas 1311 constituting the antenna array 1310, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316), each of the relative positions, A ₀ antenna 1311, A ₂ antenna 1313, A ₃ antenna 1314, A ₄ antenna 1315 and A ₆ antenna 1316, respectively In consideration of signal generation and signal processing performed by the antenna array 1310, the signal is interworked with the antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 constituting the antenna array 1310 so that the performance of the antenna array 1310 is maximized. Can generate or process signals.

This is because the multi-antenna technology is applied to the transmission/reception antenna system 1300 according to an embodiment. Multi-antenna technology is the number of antennas, the relative position, the number of antennas, the relative position, the number of antennas, the number of antennas, the number of antennas, the number of antennas, the number of antennas, which signal is transmitted or received. Consider whether it works. These multi-antenna technologies can be broadly divided into MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) technology and beamforming technology, and the mimo technology and beamforming technology are a transmission antenna system and a reception antenna system to which the multi-antenna technology is applied. It may be defined by the following equations with reference to FIG. 14.

개의 송신 안테나들로 구성되는 어레이로 구현되며, 식 1과 같은 송신 신호 벡터

를 구성하여 전송하는 역할을 하며, 송신 신호 벡터

의 각 원소는 송신 안테나 시스템(1410)을 구성하는 복수의 안테나들 중 해당 원소에 대응하는 안테나에 의해 송신된다.In FIG. 14, the transmit antenna system 1410 is

It is implemented as an array consisting of two transmit antennas, and a transmit signal vector as shown in Equation 1

It serves to configure and transmit, and transmit signal vector

Each element of is transmitted by an antenna corresponding to the element among a plurality of antennas constituting the transmission antenna system 1410.

<Equation 1>

는

의 송신 신호 벡터를 나타낸다.

의 메시지 벡터

는 아래의 식 2와 같은 구조를 가진다.In Equation 1

Is

Represents the transmission signal vector of.

Message vector

Has the structure as in Equation 2 below.

<Equation 2>

는 송신 안테나 시스템(1410)이 신호를 보내고자 하는 수신자(수신 안테나 시스템(1420))의 수,

는 수신자 1에게 송신하고자 하는 스트림 수,

는 수신자 2에게 송신하고자 하는 스트림 수,

는 수신자

에게 송신하고자 하는 스트림 수를 나타낸다.In equation 2

Is the number of receivers (receive antenna system 1420) to which the transmitting antenna system 1410 wants to send a signal,

Is the number of streams you want to send to receiver 1,

Is the number of streams you want to send to receiver 2,

Is the recipient

Shows the number of streams to be sent to.

는

의 프리코딩 행렬로서,

개의 송신 안테나들 중 각 안테나에서 전송되는 신호를

의 메시지 벡터

의 요소들로부터 어떻게 구성할 지를 결정한다. 일례로,

는 빔포밍 기술을 사용하는지 또는 미모 기술을 사용하는지, 만약 미모 기술을 사용할 경우 어떤 미모 기술을 사용하는지에 따라 결정될 수 있다.

는

의 대각선 행렬로서, 아날로그 빔포밍을 정의하는 행렬이다.In Equation 1

Is

As the precoding matrix of,

The signal transmitted from each antenna among the three transmit antennas

Message vector

You decide how to organize it from the elements of For example,

May be determined according to whether a beamforming technique is used or a beauty technique is used, and if a beauty technique is used, which beauty technique is used.

Is

As a diagonal matrix of, it is a matrix that defines analog beamforming.

는 무선 채널의 특성을 나타내는 채널 행렬로서,

의

번째 행

번째 열의 원소는 송신 안테나 시스템(1410)에 포함되는

번째 송신 안테나와 수신 안테나 시스템(1420)에 포함되는

번째 수신 안테나 사이의 채널 특성을 나타낸다.

개의 수신 안테나로 구성되어 어레이를 구현하는 수신 안테나 시스템(1420)에서의 수신 신호 벡터

은 아래의 식 3과 같이 정의된다.Meanwhile, in FIG. 14

Is a channel matrix representing the characteristics of a radio channel,

of

Second row

The elements in the first column are included in the transmit antenna system 1410.

Included in the first transmit antenna and receive antenna system 1420

It represents the channel characteristics between the th receiving antenna.

A received signal vector in the receiving antenna system 1420 that is composed of two receiving antennas to implement an array

Is defined as Equation 3 below.

<Equation 3>

은

의 수신 신호 벡터를 의미한다.In equation 3

silver

Means the received signal vector.

를 모르기 때문에, 식 4와 같이

대신에 추정값인

를 사용한다. 만약 수신 안테나 시스템(1420)이

와

를 알고 있는 경우

만을 추정하여

대신에

를 사용할 수 있다.At this time, in general, the receiving antenna system 1420

Because we don't know

Instead of

Use. If the receiving antenna system 1420

Wow

If you know

By estimating

Instead of

You can use

<Equation 4>

의 의사 역행렬을 수신 신호 벡터

의 앞에 곱해주어

를 추정하거나, 최소 제곱법을 이용한 해(least squares solution)를 구함으로써

를 추정할 수 있다.The receive antenna system 1420 is expressed in Equation 4

Receive the pseudo inverse matrix of the signal vector

Multiply in front of

Either by estimating or by finding the least squares solution

Can be estimated.

As described above, the transmission/reception antenna system 1300 according to an embodiment operates in conjunction with a plurality of antennas 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, and 1316 included in the transmission/reception antenna system 1300 to form a single array. It is characterized by operation.

FIG. 15 is a view for explaining an RF lens for an antenna included in the transmission/reception antenna system shown in FIG. 13, and FIG. 16 is another view for explaining an RF lens for an antenna included in the transmission/reception antenna system shown in FIG. to be. Hereinafter, the RF lens 1500 for an antenna described with reference to FIG. 15 represents each of the RF lenses for an antenna included in the transmission/reception antenna system described above with reference to FIG. 13.

Referring to FIG. 15, the RF lens 1500 for an antenna allows a beam shape of an antenna to have the same characteristics as in FIG. 16 in an actual wireless transmission/reception environment. More specifically, the RF antenna lens 1500 is for the beam shape of the antenna beam by changing the energy distribution of the antenna (for example, θ ₁ -θ ₁ ~) an angle range can be changed into.

For example, the RF lens 1500 for an antenna reduces the gain of the antenna in the direction close to 0° by dispersing the energy 1510 radiated in the direction close to 0° among the energy of the antenna beam, and the energy of the antenna beam by energy 1520 is emitted to the direction close to 90 ° or -90 ° to the radiation of which is within the specified angular range (-θ ₁ ~ θ _1), the emission of a specific angular range (-θ ₁ ~ θ ₁₎ prevented from being carried in an outward direction, and the gain of the antenna to have a constant value within a specified angular range (-θ ₁ ~ θ ₁₎ or may have a value within a specific range. In order to achieve this purpose, an RF lens having a shape different from that of a commonly used shell type, hemispherical, or spherical RF lens may be used. For example, in the case of the RF lens shown in FIG. 15, in order to reduce the gain of the antenna in the direction close to 0° by dispersing the energy 1510 radiated in the direction close to 0°, a concave portion 1530 having a concave shape is formed. Can include.

While conventional RF lenses mainly aim to increase the gain for a specific direction by concentrating the radiation pattern of the antenna in a specific direction (to act as a convex lens in comparison to optical), an antenna according to an embodiment The purpose of the RF lens 1500 is to make the radiation pattern of the antenna have a specific shape according to the requirements of the application field. 15 and 16 illustrate a case in which the purpose of the antenna radiation pattern is to have a fan shape, but the radiation pattern of the antenna may be made to have a shape other than a fan shape. For this purpose, the RF lens 1500 for an antenna The shape may have various shapes as well as the shape including the concave portion 1530 shown in FIG. 15.

FIG. 16 illustrates the process of FIG. 15 in which the shape of the beam of the antenna is changed while the energy distribution of the beam radiated from the antenna is changed by the RF lens 1400 for the antenna, and as a result shows the changed beam pattern of the antenna. have. In this case, the gain of the antenna is always constant regardless of the direction within -θ ₁ ~ θ ₁ as in 1610 (hereinafter, the threshold value means a significant antenna gain value in beamforming or communication). It has, showed a characteristic having the value of 0 for large direction smaller than the direction or θ ₁ -θ _1, 1610 to draw in the polar coordinate system shown as 1620. Therefore, the RF lens 1500 for an antenna can prevent interference from an unwanted direction in the antenna.

The specific angular range of -θ ₁ to θ ₁ in which the beam shape of the antenna described above is changed (the angular range covered by the beam of the beam pattern of the antenna) is a transmission/reception antenna to which the structure and operation of the RF lens 1500 for the antenna is applied. An antenna array included in the system (a transmission/reception antenna system described with reference to FIG. 13) may affect a constraint condition for determining an angular range (first angular range) in which a beam is to be formed.

Accordingly, the antenna RF lens 1500 is provided to control the value of θ ₁ (implemented to have a zooming function) to adaptively adjust a specific angular range, and the transmit/receive antenna system to which the RF lens 1500 for antenna is applied The first angular range in which the beam of the antenna array is formed may be adaptively adjusted according to a constraint condition by the adjusted beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas.

17 is a view for explaining an embodiment of an RF lens for an array included in the transmission and reception antenna system shown in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 17, the RF lens 1700 for an array included in the transmission/reception antenna system described above in FIG. 13 is a first angle range of -φ ₁ to φ _{1 in} a situation where φ ₁ <θ ₁ <φ ₂ By refracting the directing angle of the beam 1710 of the antenna array having the directing angle range, the beam 1720 of the antenna array is a directing angle range of -φ ₂ to φ ₂ , which is a second angular range wider than -φ ₁ to φ ₁ You can have. Accordingly, the orientation angle of the RF lens arrays 1700 before the beam 1710 of the antenna array to undergo, but is included in the -θ ₁ ~ θ _1, the beam of the antenna array after passed through the RF Lens Arrays (1700) ( The directing angle of 1720) may cover a wider angular range than -θ ₁ to θ ₁ and prevent the problem of directivity performance degradation occurring in conventional beamforming. For example, when beamforming is performed without the RF lens 1700 for an array, if the range of the beam direction is widened, such as -60 ^o to 60 ^o , excellent beamforming performance can be achieved in the 0 ^o direction. As described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 11, it is impossible to obtain satisfactory beamforming performance in the -60 ^o and 60 ^o directions. However, if the array RF lens 1700 is used, the directing direction range of the beam before passing through the array RF lens 1700 is -30 ^o to 30 ^o , and the thus formed beam is used for the array RF lens 1700. it is possible to use the beam forming performance of not -60 ^o ~ 60 ^o directional range of a very large beam by ensuring that the range of directivity of the subject changes the beam angle of -60 ^o ~ 60 ^o easily secured.

The operation of the RF lens 1700 for an array may be performed as the RF lens 1700 for an array is implemented in a specific shape (for example, a shape of a concave lens) for adjusting the position of the focus. In addition, the array RF lens 1700 may be implemented to have a zooming function to adaptively adjust a second angle range in which the first angle range is changed.

18 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of an RF lens for an array included in the transmission/reception antenna system shown in FIG. 13.

Referring to FIG. 18, the RF lens 1800 for an array included in the transmission/reception antenna system described above in FIG. 13 is a first angle range of -φ ₁ to φ _{1 in} a situation where φ ₂ <φ ₁ <θ ₁ By refracting the directing angle of the beam 1810 of the antenna array having the directing angle range, the beam 1820 of the antenna array is a directing angle range of -φ ₂ to φ _{2 which} is a second angular range narrower than -φ ₁ to φ ₁ You can have. Therefore, as the beam 1820 of the antenna array after passing through the RF lens 1800 for array becomes sharper than the beam 1810 of the antenna array before passing through the RF lens 1800 for array, higher spatial resolution With (spatial resolution) more precise beam steering can be possible. This characteristic can appear as an increase in cell capacity in mobile communication and an improved spatial resolution for object recognition in radar systems. The direction of the beam is changed by adjusting the phase of the signal transmitted or received by each antenna. In order to finely adjust the direction of the beam, the phase of the antenna signal needs to be finely adjusted. However, it is very difficult to fine-tune the phase value of the antenna signal within an appropriate error range (especially when RF beamforming is performed in the analog domain). For example, in the case of narrowing the range of the beam direction, such as -10 ^o to 10 ^o , if beamforming is performed without the RF lens 1800 for an array, fine adjustment of the phase of the antenna signal is required. It may be impossible to obtain beamforming performance. However, if the RF lens 1800 for array is used, the directing direction range of the beam before passing through the RF lens 1800 for the array is -30 ^o to 30 ^o , and the formed beam is used by the RF lens 1800 for array. By changing the angle so that the directing range of the beam is -10 ^o to 10 ^o , it is possible to secure a narrow directing range of -10 ^o to 10 ^o without fine adjustment of the phase of the antenna signal.

The operation of the RF lens 1800 for an array may be performed as the RF lens 1800 for an array is implemented in a specific shape (for example, a shape of a convex lens) for adjusting the position of the focal point. In addition, the array RF lens 1800 may be implemented to have a zooming function to adaptively adjust a second angle range in which the first angle range is changed.

In Figures 17 and 18, examples of the case of φ ₁ <θ ₁ <φ ₂ and the case of φ ₂ <φ ₁ <θ ₁ are described, but the above-described principle is applied in the case of φ ₁ <φ ₂ <θ ₁ as well. I can.

As described above, multi-antenna technology can be classified into MIMO technologies and beamforming technologies. In the case of MIMO technology, since it is preferable that signals between antennas do not correlate with each other, it is preferable to configure the wavelength of a carrier wave using a distance between adjacent antennas. However, when using the beamforming technology, it is assumed that signals between Antanas maintain a high correlation with each other, and when the distance between adjacent antennas increases, side-lobes increase in size when beamforming is performed. Therefore, it is desirable that the distance between adjacent antennas be about half the wavelength of the used carrier. For example, when the beamforming technique is used, the distance between adjacent antennas can be made 0.5 times or 0.6 times the carrier wavelength. However, in general, since the size of the RF lens is much larger than the wavelength of the carrier wave, it may not be easy to implement the present invention using a general RF lens using a beamforming technique. Therefore, in order to effectively implement the present invention, it may be necessary to use an RF lens using a new design method rather than an RF lens designed using an existing design method.

). 전자파의 레이(ray)의 굴절만을 고려하는 광학과 달리 준광학에서는 전자파의 레이의 굴절 현상뿐만 아니라 전자파의 회절(diffraction) 현상을 함께 고려하여야 한다. 그러나 RF 렌즈가 이보다 더 작아지면 전자파의 방사가 point source로부터 이루어진다고 가정할 수 없으며 준광학 이론을 사용하여 RF 렌즈를 설계하는 것이 불가능하기 때문에 근접장(near-field) 영역에서 Maxwell 방정식을 이용한 설계를 방식을 이용할 수 있다. In general, RF lenses are designed using quasi-optics theory, and RF lenses designed in this way are much larger than the carrier wavelength (e.g. D> 3

). Unlike optics that only considers the refraction of the rays of electromagnetic waves, in quasi-optical, not only the refraction of the rays of the electromagnetic waves but also the diffraction of the electromagnetic waves must be considered. However, if the RF lens is smaller than this, it cannot be assumed that the emission of electromagnetic waves comes from the point source, and it is impossible to design an RF lens using quasi-optical theory. Therefore, the design using the Maxwell equation in the near-field domain Method can be used.

19 is a flowchart illustrating a beamforming method in a transmission/reception antenna system according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 19, the beamforming method according to an embodiment may be performed mainly by the transmission/reception antenna system (especially, an RF lens device) described above in FIGS. 13 and 15 to 18.

In step S1910, each of the plurality of antennas interwork with each other to generate signals and process signals. In more detail, in step (S1910), each of the plurality of antennas is based on the number of the plurality of antennas, the positions of each of the plurality of antennas, the signal generation and signal processing performed by each of the plurality of antennas, and interworking with each other to obtain a signal. Generation and signal processing can be performed.

Then, in step S1920, each of the RF lenses for antennas included in the RF lens device changes a beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas.

Specifically, in step S1920, each of the RF lenses for antennas may change the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range by changing the energy distribution of each of the plurality of antennas.

In addition, each of the RF lenses for antennas is provided to control the focal length of the lens, so that a specific angle range can be adaptively adjusted.

In this case, changing the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range means changing the energy distribution of the beam of each of the plurality of antennas so that the gain of each of the plurality of antennas has a threshold value only within a specific angular range. Can mean that.

Subsequently, in step S1930, the antenna array provided with the RF lens device forms a beam within a first angular range. In particular, the antenna array may form a beam within the determined first angular range after determining a first angular range that satisfies a constraint condition due to the changed beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas. For example, a plurality of antennas, each beam shape has been changed by -θ ₁ ~ θ ₁ in the step (S1920), the antenna array at step (S1930) is -φ ₁ that satisfy the constraints of the φ ₁ <θ ₁ - determining a first angle φ ₁ to the range, and it is possible to form a beam in a first angle range of ₁ - φ ₁ -φ.

Thereafter, in step S1940, the RF lens for an array included in the RF lens device is configured to change the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array from the first angle range to a second angle range that is wider or narrower than the first angle range. Refracts the directing angle of the beam of the array.

In other words, in step S1940, the array RF lens may change the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array from the first angle range to the second angle range.

As described above, the beamforming method has been described as including three steps S1910 and S1940, but is not limited thereto or may further include other steps.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described by the limited embodiments and the drawings, various modifications and variations are possible from the above description to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order from the described method, and/or components such as a system, structure, device, circuit, etc. described are combined or combined in a form different from the described method, or other components Alternatively, even if substituted or substituted by an equivalent, an appropriate result can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and claims and equivalents fall within the scope of the claims to be described later.

Claims (15)

In the transmission and reception antenna system for improving antenna directivity,
An antenna array composed of a plurality of antennas;
A plurality of antenna RF lenses provided on an upper portion of the antenna array-each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses is disposed to correspond to each of the plurality of antennas constituting the antenna array, and each of the plurality of antennas Adjusting the beam of -; And
An RF lens for an array that is provided above the plurality of RF lenses for an antenna and controls the beam of the antenna array
Including,
Each of the plurality of antennas,
A transmission/reception antenna system, characterized in that transmitting signals generated by interworking with each other, or processing received signals by interworking with each other. The method of claim 1,
Each of the plurality of antennas,
A transmission/reception antenna system for performing signal generation and signal processing by interworking with each other based on the number of the plurality of antennas, the positions of each of the plurality of antennas, and signal generation and signal processing performed by each of the plurality of antennas. The method of claim 1,
Each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses,
Changing the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas,
The antenna array,
Forming a beam within a first angular range,
The array RF lens,
A transmission/reception antenna system for refracting the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array so that the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array is changed from the first angle range to a second angle range wider or narrower than the first angle range. The method of claim 3,
The antenna array,
A transmission/reception antenna system for determining the first angular range satisfying a constraint condition due to a changed beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas. The method of claim 3,
Each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses,
A transmission/reception antenna system for changing an energy distribution of a beam of each of the plurality of antennas to change a shape of a beam of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range. The method of claim 5,
Each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses,
And a concave portion for dispersing energy of the beam. The method of claim 5,
Each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses,
A transmission/reception antenna system provided to control a lens focal length to adaptively adjust the specific angular range. The method of claim 5,
Each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses,
A transmission/reception antenna system for changing an energy distribution of a beam of each of the plurality of antennas such that a gain of each of the plurality of antennas has a threshold value only within the specific angular range. The method of claim 3,
RF lenses for the plurality of antennas,
A transmission/reception antenna system arranged to correspond to each of the plurality of antennas one-to-one, The method of claim 3,
The array RF lens,
A transmission/reception antenna system provided to control a focal length of a lens to adaptively adjust the second angular range. An antenna array composed of a plurality of antennas; A plurality of antenna RF lenses provided on an upper portion of the antenna array-the plurality of antenna RF lenses are disposed to correspond to the plurality of antennas, respectively; And In the communication method performed in a transmission/reception antenna system including an array RF lens provided on the plurality of antenna RF lenses,
Performing signal generation and signal processing by interworking with each other at each of the plurality of antennas;
Changing a beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas in each of the plurality of antenna RF lenses;
Forming, by the antenna array, a beam within a first angular range; And
In the RF lens for an array, the directing angle of the beam of the antenna array is refracted so that the directing angle range of the beam of the antenna array is changed from the first angle range to a second angle range that is wider or narrower than the first angle range. step
Including,
The step of generating the signal and performing signal processing,
And performing signal generation to transmit a signal generated by interworking with each of the plurality of antennas, or performing signal processing to process a received signal by interworking with each other. The method of claim 11,
The step of generating the signal and performing signal processing,
In each of the plurality of antennas, based on the number of the plurality of antennas, the positions of each of the plurality of antennas, and signal generation and signal processing performed by each of the plurality of antennas, signal generation and signal processing are interworked with each other The step of performing, the communication method. The method of claim 11,
Forming the beam within the first angular range,
Determining the first angular range that satisfies the constraint condition due to the changed beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas
Communication method comprising a. The method of claim 11,
The step of changing the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas,
Changing the energy distribution of the beam of each of the plurality of antennas to change the shape of the beam of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range
Communication method comprising a. The method of claim 14,
The step of changing the beam shape of each of the plurality of antennas within a specific angular range,
Changing the energy distribution of the beam of each of the plurality of antennas so that the gain of each of the plurality of antennas has a threshold value only within the specific angular range.

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