KR102178237B1 - Composite leaf spring and suspension apparatus comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite leaf spring and a suspension device including the same. The composite leaf spring includes: a central coupling unit whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center; a support unit connected to the central coupling unit and having no thickness change; and an end coupling unit having a thickness greater than that of the support unit and connected to the support unit. Accordingly, the composite leaf spring has a thickness that decreases from the center to the end, and the support unit is connected to the central coupling unit and the thickness thereof is not changed toward an end, so that stress caused by a vertical load and a torsion load can be maintained constant. Therefore, the composite leaf spring can be lightened.

Description

Composite leaf spring and suspension apparatus comprising the same

The present invention relates to a composite leaf spring and a suspension device comprising the same.

Leaf springs are made by overlapping a plurality of metal plates of different lengths, and have a simple structure and are used for vehicle suspension. Leaf springs have a great suppression effect against vibration, but do not absorb small vibrations, are heavy, and have high noise, so they are mainly installed in commercial vehicles such as freight vehicles and large buses.

Recently, leaf springs using composite materials are being developed to reduce the empty vehicle weight of commercial vehicles. Composite is a mixed material in which two or more materials (glass fiber, carbon fiber, Kevlar, etc.) are mixed to improve the properties of the overall material. Leaf springs using composite materials can be lighter than metal leaf springs and have excellent rigidity. Composite leaf springs are not formed in multiple layers like metal leaf springs, but are formed as single plates.

The central part of the composite leaf spring is connected to the axle and both sides are connected to the body.

This, not only the vertical load (Fz) but also the torsional load (Tx) acts on the composite leaf spring 10a, and the longitudinal stress and the in-plane shear stress are generated under the two load conditions.

In order to make the in-plane shear stress constant along the longitudinal direction, if the thickness of the composite leaf spring is formed to be constant in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal stress becomes maximum at the center. Conversely, if the thickness of the composite leaf spring is varied to make the longitudinal stress constant, the in-plane shear stress is maximized at the thinnest portion (see FIG. 1).

Therefore, in order to minimize the maximum stress acting on the composite plate spring, the shape of the length spring gradually decreases from the center in the longitudinal direction to both sides, and the thickness of the composite plate is formed in a constant shape from a specific position.

In addition, a clip connected to the vehicle body is coupled to an end of the composite leaf spring. A hole through which the fastening means passes is formed at the end of the composite leaf spring for clip engagement. When the composite leaf spring is loaded while the end is weakened due to the hole formation, a shear force is generated around the hole, causing a problem of damage. In particular, the periphery of the hole was very vulnerable to torsional load. Accordingly, a technology capable of reinforcing the periphery of the hole is required.

Publication Patent No. 10-2016-0134736 (2016.11.23.) Publication Patent No. 10-2018-0016749 (2018.02.20.)

The present invention provides a composite leaf spring in which the overall thickness is minimized while meeting the allowable stress.

The present invention provides a composite leaf spring that increases the strength of a portion forming a hole for clip engagement.

The composite plate spring according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a central fastening portion whose thickness decreases as the distance from the center increases, a supporting portion connected to the central fastening portion and having no thickness change, and a thickness thicker than the thickness of the supporting portion and the supporting portion It includes an end fastening part connected with.

The composite plate spring receives a vertical load (Fz) and a torsional load (Tx) with respect to the length, and the central fastening part and the support part have a longitudinal strength ratio (SR_x) according to the vertical load (Fz) and , It may be connected at a point where the shear strength ratio SR_xy at the surface by the torsional load Tx meets.

, 상기 전단 강도비(SR_xy)는 다음의 수학식에 의해 산출되며

, 여기서, σx는 복합재 판 스프링의 수직 방향 하중(Fz)에 대한 길이 방향 응력이고, σxy는 복합재 판 스프링의 비틀림 하중 (Tx)에 대한 전단응력이다.The longitudinal intensity ratio (SR_x) is calculated by the following equation

, The shear strength ratio (SR_xy) is calculated by the following equation

, Where σx is the longitudinal stress against the vertical load (Fz) of the composite leaf spring, and σxy is the shear stress against the torsional load (Tx) of the composite leaf spring.

The composite plate spring may further include a reinforcing portion disposed on the end fastening portion and having increased thickness and strength.

The end fastening portion may include a plurality of first fibers extending from the support portion and stacked, and a second fiber stacked and disposed between the adjacent first fibers.

With the second fiber arrangement, the thickness of the end fastening portion may be thicker than the thickness of the support portion.

The first fibers may be glass fibers arranged in a unidirectional direction, and the second fibers may be glass fabrics.

The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the length of the stacked second fibers may increase with respect to the outer surface of the end fastening part as the distance from the virtual center line increases.

The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the length of the stacked second fibers may be shorter with respect to the outer surface of the end fastening part as the distance from the virtual center line increases.

The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the end fastening part is divided into a first area connected to the virtual center line and a second area adjacent to the first area and connected to the surface of the end fastening part. , The second fiber may be located in the first zone.

The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the end fastening part has a first area connected to the virtual center line, a second area separated from the first area and connected to the surface of the end fastening part, and the second It is divided into a third zone located between the first zone and the second zone, and the second fiber may be located in the third zone.

A saddle is positioned at the central fastening part, and a central reinforcing part having an increased thickness of the central fastening part in contact with the saddle may further be included.

The central reinforcing portion is formed by stacking glass fibers arranged in a unidirectional direction, and the lengths of the stacked glass fibers may be different.

The central reinforcement part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the central reinforcement part is divided into a first area connected to the virtual center line and a second area adjacent to the first area and connected to the surface of the central reinforcement part, , The unidirectional glass fibers may be located in the first zone.

The central reinforcement part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the central reinforcement part has a first area connected to the virtual center line, a second area separated from the first area and connected to the surface of the central reinforcement part, and the It is divided into a third zone located between the first zone and the second zone, and the unidirectional glass fibers may be located in the third zone.

The surface of the central reinforcement part in contact with the saddle may be formed in a curved surface.

A suspension device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a composite leaf spring described above, a saddle positioned at a central fastening portion of the composite leaf spring, and a clip positioned at the end fastening portion.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the composite leaf spring has a shape that decreases in thickness from the center to the end, and does not change in thickness from the support part to the end while being connected to the central fastening part. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight of the composite leaf spring by maintaining a constant maximum strength ratio (SR) due to the vertical load and the torsional load.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the strength around the hole formed for the clip coupling may be increased by reinforcing the reinforcing part made of glass fabric for the end fastening part where the clip connected to the vehicle body is located. Accordingly, structural stability of the composite leaf spring can be secured.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, structural safety of the central fastening section can be ensured by the central reinforcing section made of glass fiber on the surface of the central fastening section where the birds are located. It can also prevent separation of the saddle and the composite leaf spring during braking.

1 is a schematic view for explaining a conventional composite leaf spring of the present invention.
2 is a schematic diagram showing a suspension device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a front view showing the composite leaf spring of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a schematic view for explaining the central fastening portion and the support portion of Figure 3;
5 is a graph in which the optimum thickness gradient is calculated so that the strength ratio according to the length of the composite leaf spring is constant under the load (Fz, Tx) and length conditions given in the example of FIG. 4.
6 is a schematic view showing the end fastening portion 13 of FIG. 3.
7 is a schematic view showing the internal stacking information of the fastening portion of FIG. 6;
Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the central fastening portion of Figure 3;
Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the inside of the reinforcement portion of Figure 8;

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those of ordinary skill in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in various different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The same reference numerals are assigned to similar parts throughout the specification.

The composite leaf spring according to the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the suspension device according to the embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the composite leaf spring will be mainly described.

Then, a suspension device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 3.

2 is a schematic view showing a suspension device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a front view showing the composite leaf spring of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the central fastening part and the support part of FIG. 5 is a graph showing the thickness change and strength ratio according to the length of the composite leaf spring of FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the end fastening part of FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the inside of the end fastening part of FIG. 6, 8 is a schematic view showing the central fastening portion of FIG. 3, and FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the inside of the reinforcement portion of FIG.

2 to 3, the suspension device 1 according to the present embodiment is connected to the axle of a truck to receive a vertical load (Fz) and a torsional load (Tx) by the axle, and buffer against the load. It can work.

The suspension device 1 connects the composite leaf spring 10, the saddle 30 connecting the composite leaf spring 10 and the axle (not shown), and the end of the composite leaf spring 10 and the vehicle body (not shown) It includes a clip (20). Since the saddle 30 and the clip 20 are the same as the configuration of the suspension device 1 using a known leaf spring, a detailed description will be omitted.

The composite leaf spring 10 has a predetermined length and increased strength by mixing two or more materials (glass fiber, glass fabric, resin, etc.). The glass fibers are arranged in a unidirectional manner. Since the description of the composite material is the same as the known composite leaf spring, a detailed description will be omitted.

In addition, in the case of the glass fabric, the hole 131 (refer to FIG. 6) is disposed in a portion to increase the strength around the hole 131.

Composite leaf spring 10 connects the central fastening part 11 where the saddle 30 is located, the end fastening part 13 where the clip 20 is located, and the central fastening part 11 and the end fastening part 13 It includes a supporting part 12 that meets the allowable stress for vertical load and torsional load while minimizing the overall thickness, and increasing the strength of the end where the clip 20 forms the hole 131 for coupling. The composite leaf spring 10 is formed symmetrically with respect to the virtual center 10c perpendicular to the length direction X.

The central fastening part 11 is located at the center in the longitudinal direction of the composite plate spring 10, and the thickness becomes thinner as it moves away from the virtual center 10c. Accordingly, the thickness of the central fastening portion 11 becomes thinner as it goes from the virtual center 10c to both ends of the composite plate spring 10. In the total length of the composite leaf spring 10, the portion where the virtual center 10c is located is the thickest. The central fastening portion 11 is formed while the glass fibers are arranged in a single direction.

The support portion 12 has a predetermined length and is formed by extending glass fibers arranged in the unidirectional direction of the central fastening portion 11. At this time, the thickness and width of the support part 12 do not change along the length direction.

Here, the minimum thickness that satisfies the strength of the central fastening part 11 and the support part 12 may be determined as follows.

The thickness of the leaf spring 10 is determined by a vertical load and a torsional load. First, the longitudinal stress σx due to the vertical load (Fz) can be calculated as [Equation 1].

Here, M is the moment (Fz*L/4), b is the width of the spring, h is the thickness of the spring, y is h/2, I is the moment of inertia (b*h3/12), and Kz is Is the spring constant, and L is the length of the composite leaf spring.

Shear stress σxy is determined by the torsional load (Tx) and can be calculated as [Equation 2].

Where T is the torque, b is the width of the leaf spring, and h is the thickness of the leaf spring.

The lengthwise stress and shear stress are determined according to the width and thickness of the spring, and in order to minimize the weight of the spring, the optimum width and thickness in which the longitudinal stress and shear stress are combined should be selected. Since composites have different values of longitudinal strength and shear strength, to compare the two stresses at the same level, they must be compared with the strength ratio (SR). The definition of the intensity ratio is as shown in [Equation 3].

Here, the strength ratio (SR) is a value obtained by dividing the generated stress by the allowable stress (strength). If it is more than 1, it is damaged, and if it is less than 1, it is safe. SR_x is the strength ratio in the longitudinal direction, and SR_xy is the shear strength ratio.

Meanwhile, the connection point between the central fastening part 11 and the support part 12 in the total length L of the composite plate spring 10 may be defined as follows.

The thickness of the support portion 12 having a constant thickness is determined by SR_xy, and the thickness gradient of the central fastening portion 11 is determined by SR_x. Since the optimum thickness gradient according to the length is a condition where Max(SR_x, SR_xy)<1, the point where the SR_x diagram and SR_xy meet becomes the connection point between the central fastening part 11 and the support part 12 (see Fig. 4). .

For example, the total length L of the composite leaf spring 10 is 1570 mm. The composite leaf spring has a vertical load (Fz) of 140 kN and a torsional load (Tx) of 3 kNm. The length of the central fastening portion 11 is 800 mm, and the length of the support portion 12 is 385 mm. Here, when the longitudinal allowable stress is 830 MPa and the allowable shear stress is 65 MPa, SR x and SR xy meet at a point of 400 mm from the center of the thickness change boundary, and the maximum value is 1 (see FIG. 5).

Accordingly, since the thickness of the composite plate spring 10 changes according to the length direction of the composite plate spring 10 and the stress level is kept constant, it can be more lightweight than the conventional composite plate spring whose thickness changes as a whole.

However, the fastening part 13 is formed by extending glass fibers from the support part 12. However, a hole 131 for coupling the clip 20 is vertically penetrated through the fastening portion 13. In order to increase the strength of the end fastening part 13, a reinforcing part 132 is formed in the end fastening part 13. The fastening portion 13 formed of the reinforcing portion 132 includes a first fiber 133 made of glass fibers extending from the support portion 12 and a second fiber forming the reinforcing portion 132. The second fiber may be a glass fabric having strength superior to that of the glass fiber.

The second fiber is disposed between the plurality of stacked first fibers 133. However, the thickness of the fastening part 13 is formed thicker than the thickness of the support part 12 by the second fiber arrangement. And the strength of the fastening portion 13 may be further increased by the glass fabric. Accordingly, shear damage that may occur around the hole 131 may be prevented, and further damage due to torsional load may be prevented.

On the other hand, the end fastening part 13 has an imaginary center line CL perpendicular to the thickness direction Z. The first fiber has no ply drop in the longitudinal direction of the composite leaf spring, and the second fiber has a predetermined length. The second fiber length of the reinforcing portion 132 disposed between the first fibers becomes shorter with respect to the outer surface 13u of the short fastening portion 13 as the distance from the virtual center line CL increases. Accordingly, the fastening portion 13 can maintain a constant thickness after gradually increasing in thickness as the distance from the support portion 12 increases (see FIG. 6 ).

However, the second fiber of the reinforcing portion 132 is a drawing, unlike the embodiment of FIG. 6 [Fig. 7 (a), (b), the farther from the virtual center line (CL), the shorter the fastening portion 13) It may be lengthened based on the outer surface of

On the other hand, the level of stress varies depending on whether the broken position of the reinforcing part 132 is close to which of the surface of the end fastening part 13 and the center line CL. Here, there are two types of stresses: longitudinal stress and interlaminar shear stress, and different stresses may occur depending on various loads. Therefore, the broken position of the second fiber of the reinforcing part 132 that is necessarily generated may be illustrated as shown in FIG. 7.

Thus, the end fastening part 13 has a first zone 134a connected to the virtual center line CL, and a second zone 134b adjacent to the first zone 134a and connected to the surface of the end fastening part 13 Can be divided into. In this case, the second fibers of the reinforcing portion 132 may be positioned in the first region 134a and disposed between the first fibers 133. Here, the first fiber 133 is continuous without a broken part as a whole in the longitudinal direction of the composite leaf spring, but the second fiber of the reinforcing part 132 has a predetermined length (see Fig. 7a and Fig. 7c). .

In addition, the end fastening part 13 is divided into a third zone 134c located between the first zone 134a and the second zone 134b, as well as the first zone 134a and the second zone 134b. Can be. In this case, the second fibers of the reinforcing portion 132 may be positioned between the first fibers 133 by being positioned in the third zone 134c (see FIG. 7B and 7D ).

However, the fastening part 13 is reinforced, but by intensively reinforcing the portion where the hole 131 is formed, damage around the hole 131 due to shear force and torsional load can be prevented. In addition, a bushing (not shown) may be disposed in the hole 131 to prevent damage around the hole 131.

The arrangement of the first fiber and the second fiber of the reinforcing part is not limited as described above. The arrangement position of the first fiber and the second fiber of the reinforcement part may be variously changed according to the design of the composite leaf spring.

On the other hand, a central reinforcing portion 111 is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the central fastening portion 11 that the saddle 30 contacts. The central reinforcement part 111 reduces stress generated when the saddle 30 is coupled to the central fastening part 11. In addition, the central reinforcing portion 111 may be constrained to the saddle 30 by the central fastening portion 11 by a curved surface. This prevents separation of the composite leaf spring 10 and the saddle 30 during braking. However, the central reinforcing part 111 may be formed in a straight line.

In addition, the thickness of the central reinforcement part 111 is thinner as it moves away from the virtual center 10c by a curved surface. The thickness of the central reinforcing part 111 may vary depending on the saddle.

The central reinforcing part 111 is formed by stacking glass fibers GF having different lengths in the vertical direction. Here, the glass fibers are sequentially laminated starting with the shortest length. However, it may be formed by sequentially stacking from the longest one.

The central reinforcement part 111 has an imaginary center line CL perpendicular to the thickness direction. The virtual center line CL is formed along the length direction of the central reinforcement part 111. The central reinforcement part 111 is divided into a first zone 112a connected to the virtual center line CL, and a second zone 112b adjacent to the first zone 112a and connected to the surface of the central reinforcement part 111 Can be. Here, the laminated glass fibers GF are located in the first region 112a (see FIG. 9A and 9C). Resin or the like may be located in the second area 112b.

Meanwhile, the central reinforcement part 111 may be divided into a third area 112c located between the first area 112a and the second area 112b. The laminated glass fibers GF are located in the third zone 112c (see FIG. 9B and FIG. 9D ). Resin or the like may be located in the first zone 112a and the second zone 112b.

Accordingly, structural safety of the central fastening section 11 can be secured by the central reinforcing section 111 made of glass fiber GF on the surface of the central fastening section 11 on which the saddle 30 is located. In addition, it is possible to prevent separation of the saddle 30 and the composite leaf spring 10 during braking.

In the above description, the position according to the length of the glass fiber (GF) is not limited as described above (a, b, c, d of FIG. 9). The arrangement of the glass fibers GF may be variously changed according to the design of the composite leaf spring.

In the above description, it has been described that the suspension device 1 is connected to a truck axle, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The suspension device 1 can be variously applied as long as it receives a vertical load and a torsional load. In addition, at the point where the longitudinal strength ratio (SR_x) due to the vertical load (Fz) and the shear strength ratio (SR_xy) on the surface due to the torsional load (Tx) meet, the length, thickness, and width of the composite spring It can vary in many ways. It may also vary depending on the vehicle applied.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements by those skilled in the art using the basic concept of the present invention defined in the following claims are also present. It belongs to the scope of rights of

1: suspension device 10: composite leaf spring
10c: virtual center 11: central joint
111: central reinforcement 12: support
13: end joint 13u: outer surface
131: hole 132: reinforcement part
133: first fiber 112a, 134a: first zone
112b, 134b: Zone 2 112c, 134c: Zone 3
20: clip 30: saddle

Claims (16)

A central joint whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center,
A support part connected to the central fastening part and having no thickness change, and
The end fastening part that is thicker than the thickness of the support part and is connected to the support part
Including,
The end fastening part,
A first fiber extending from the support and stacked in plurality; and
The second fibers are laminated and disposed between the adjacent first fibers
Including,
The first fiber is a glass fiber arranged in a unidirectional direction, and the second fiber is a glass fabric.
Composite leaf spring. In claim 1,
The composite plate spring receives a vertical load (Fz) and a torsional load (Tx) with respect to the length, and the central fastening portion and the support portion are longitudinal strength ratio (SR x) by the vertical load (Fz) And, a composite leaf spring connected at a point where the shear strength ratio (SR xy) at the surface by the torsional load (Tx) meets. In paragraph 2,
The longitudinal intensity ratio (SR x) is calculated by the following equation,

The shear strength ratio (SR xy) is calculated by the following equation

(Where, σx is the longitudinal stress against the vertical load (Fz) of the composite leaf spring, and σxy is the shear stress against the torsional load (Tx) of the composite leaf spring.)
Composite leaf spring. In claim 1,
A composite plate spring disposed at the end fastening portion and further comprising a reinforcing portion having increased thickness and strength. In claim 1,
The composite plate spring having a thickness of the end fastening part is thicker than that of the support part by the arrangement of the second fiber. delete A central joint whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center,
A support part connected to the central fastening part and having no thickness change, and
The end fastening part that is thicker than the thickness of the support part and is connected to the support part
Including,
The end fastening part,
A first fiber extending from the support and stacked in plurality; and
The second fibers are laminated and disposed between the adjacent first fibers
Including,
The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the length of the stacked second fibers is longer with respect to the outer surface of the end fastening part as the length of the stacked second fibers increases from the virtual center line. A central joint whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center,
A support part connected to the central fastening part and having no thickness change, and
The end fastening part that is thicker than the thickness of the support part and is connected to the support part
Including,
The end fastening part,
A first fiber extending from the support and stacked in plurality; and
The second fibers are laminated and disposed between the adjacent first fibers
Including,
The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction, and the length of the stacked second fibers is shorter with respect to the outer surface of the end fastening part as the length of the stacked second fibers is further away from the virtual center line. A central joint whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center,
A support part connected to the central fastening part and having no thickness change, and
The end fastening part that is thicker than the thickness of the support part and is connected to the support part
Including,
The end fastening part,
A first fiber extending from the support and stacked in plurality; and
The second fibers are laminated and disposed between the adjacent first fibers
Including,
The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction,
The end fastening part is divided into a first zone connected to the virtual center line, and a second zone adjacent to the first zone and connected to the surface of the end fastening part, and the second fiber is located in the first zone.
Composite leaf spring. A central joint whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center,
A support part connected to the central fastening part and having no thickness change, and
The end fastening part that is thicker than the thickness of the support part and is connected to the support part
Including,
The end fastening part,
A first fiber extending from the support and stacked in plurality; and
The second fibers are laminated and disposed between the adjacent first fibers
Including,
The end fastening part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction,
The end fastening part includes a first zone connected to the virtual center line, a second zone separated from the first zone and connected to the surface of the end fastening part, and a third zone located between the first zone and the second zone. And the second fiber is positioned in the third zone. In claim 1,
A composite plate spring further comprising a central reinforcing part having a saddle positioned at the central fastening part and increasing the thickness of the central fastening part contacting the saddle. A central joint whose thickness decreases as it moves away from the center,
A support part connected to the central fastening part and having no thickness change,
An end fastening part having a thickness greater than that of the support part and connected to the support part, and
A central reinforcement portion having a saddle positioned at the central fastening portion and increasing the thickness of the central fastening portion in contact with the saddle
Including,
The central reinforcing portion is formed by stacking glass fibers arranged in a unidirectional direction, and the stacked glass fibers have different lengths. In claim 12,
The central reinforcement part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction,
The central reinforcement part is divided into a first zone connected to the virtual center line, and a second zone adjacent to the first zone and connected to the surface of the central reinforcement part, and the glass fiber is a composite leaf spring located in the first zone. . In claim 12,
The central reinforcement part has a virtual center line perpendicular to the thickness direction,
The central reinforcement part comprises a first zone connected to the virtual center line, a second zone separated from the first zone and connected to the surface of the central reinforcement part, and a third zone located between the first zone and the second zone. A composite leaf spring partitioned, wherein the glass fibers are located in the third zone. In claim 12,
The surface of the central reinforcing part in contact with the saddle is a composite leaf spring formed in a curved surface. The composite leaf spring as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 15,
Saddle located in the central fastening part of the composite leaf spring and
Clip located on the fastening part
Suspension device comprising a.

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