KR102173282B1 - Method for quantum entity authentication - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for authenticating quantum entities is disclosed. A quantum entity authentication method according to an embodiment includes the steps of: receiving that authentication is requested from one entity among a plurality of entities; And authenticating the entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle associated with the plurality of entities.

Description

Method for Quantum Object Authentication {METHOD FOR QUANTUM ENTITY AUTHENTICATION}

The following description relates to a quantum authentication technology, and more particularly, to a quantum question-response entity authentication.

In a quantum computing environment in which Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm are implemented, the security of modern cryptography based on computational complexity is not guaranteed. An alternative to these modern cryptography is quantum cryptography. Quantum key distribution protocol (QKD protocol), which represents quantum cryptography, is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics such as quantum replication theory, uncertainty principle, uncertainty theory, superposition of quantum states, and quantum measurement. It is known to be safe. However, the QKD protocol only guarantees confidentiality and does not guarantee the function of authentication.

In order to solve the problem of the quantum cryptosystem, a method of providing a function of authenticating a user using quantum authentication in addition to the function of confidentiality has been proposed. The individual authentication method of the password method or one-time password method is easy to be exposed to an attacker by directly transmitting secret information (eg, password, one-time password). In addition, conventional quantum authentication techniques are mainly techniques using a Bell state or a GHZ state, and there is a problem in that the maintenance time is short and difficult to implement due to the quantum source (entangled state).

Until now, quantum cryptography systems provide only confidentiality functions by safely distributing secret keys, but not all functions such as integrity and authentication. Accordingly, in the case of quantum cryptography, an authentication protocol is required for quantum communication with a level of security comparable to that of modern cryptography.

It is possible to provide a quantum entity authentication method and apparatus based on a query-response method. Specifically, it is possible to provide a quantum authentication method and apparatus that are easy to implement by minimizing the exposure of secret information using a query-response method and using a single qubit.

The quantum entity authentication method includes: receiving that authentication is requested from one entity among a plurality of entities; And authenticating the entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle associated with the plurality of entities.

Receiving that authentication is requested from one of the plurality of entities may include generating an arbitrary quantum state pair as authentication is requested from a counterpart terminal, and generating a quantum state of one of the generated arbitrary quantum state pairs. It may include transmitting to the other terminal.

The quantum entity authentication method may further include the step of sharing a secret key by each of a plurality of entities, each of which is a terminal, and may determine a rotation axis of a single qubit rotation operator as the secret key, and share the sequence of the rotation axis.

The step of authenticating the entity includes determining a rotation angle of a single qubit rotation operator as a private key of each terminal, and a single qubit encrypted based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined by the counterpart terminal and a previously shared rotation axis. Receiving that the quantum state is communicated.

The authenticating of the entity may include secondary encryption of the encrypted single qubit quantum state received from the counterpart terminal based on a rotation angle of the determined single qubit rotation operator and a rotation axis shared in advance, and the secondly encrypted single qubit It may include transmitting the quantum state to the counterpart terminal.

The step of authenticating the entity includes an encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal obtained by decrypting the secondary encrypted single qubit quantum state at the counterpart terminal, and the encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal It may include decoding the quantum state based on a previously shared rotation axis and a rotation angle of the determined single qubit rotation operator.

The authenticating of the entity may include confirming a single qubit quantum state obtained by the decoding and a single qubit quantum state of one of a previously generated single qubit pair through a cross check.

The step of authenticating the entity may include analyzing the safety through the average fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states.

The quantum entity authentication apparatus includes: an authentication request unit for receiving an authentication request from one of a plurality of entities; And an authentication performing unit for authenticating an entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle associated with the plurality of entities.

The authentication requesting unit may generate an arbitrary quantum state pair as authentication is requested from the counterpart terminal, and transmit a quantum state of one of the generated arbitrary quantum state pairs to the counterpart terminal.

The quantum entity authentication apparatus may further include a sharing unit for each of a plurality of entities, which are terminals, to share a secret key, determine a rotation axis of a single qubit rotation operator as the secret key, and share a sequence of the rotation axis.

The authentication unit determines a rotation angle of a single qubit rotation operator as a private key of each terminal, and an encrypted single qubit quantum state based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined by the counterpart terminal and a rotation axis shared in advance Can receive delivered.

The authentication performing unit performs secondary encryption of the encrypted single qubit quantum state received from the counterpart terminal based on the determined rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator and a rotation axis shared in advance, and the secondly encrypted single qubit quantum state It can be delivered to the counterpart terminal.

The authentication performing unit transmits the encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal obtained by decrypting the second-encrypted single qubit quantum state by the counterpart terminal, and determines the encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal. The decoding may be performed based on the previously shared rotation axis and the determined rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator.

The authentication performing unit may check a single qubit quantum state obtained by the decoding and a single qubit quantum state of one of a previously generated single qubit pair through a cross check.

The authentication performing unit may analyze safety through the average fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states.

Unlike conventional quantum authentications using a password or one-time password, exposure of secret information such as a secret key can be minimized by using a question-response method.

In addition, it is easy to implement by using a single qubit rather than an entangled state that is difficult to implement.

The safety of quantum authentication technology can be obtained by presenting the average fidelity according to the change of the rotation axis and rotation angle, and analyzing the amount of information that can be known when a third party taps the transmitted qubit.

1 is an example for explaining an overview of a quantum entity authentication method according to an embodiment.
2 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a quantum entity authentication apparatus according to an embodiment.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of authenticating a quantum entity in an apparatus for authenticating a quantum entity according to an embodiment.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a quantum entity authentication operation according to an embodiment.
5 is a diagram for explaining performing an exchange check in a quantum entity authentication apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
7 is an example showing the analysis of safety through average fidelity in a quantum entity authentication apparatus according to an embodiment.
6 and 8 are diagrams for explaining a quantum entity authentication operation when an attack occurs according to an exemplary embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In general, entity authentication is a process of verifying that an entity is a legitimate user (terminal) in real time. To this end, an entity authentication method between the sender terminal 100 and the receiver terminal 110 will be described. Hereinafter, for understanding of the description, a process of authenticating an entity through a data transmission/reception process between Alice as a sender terminal and Bob as a receiver terminal will be described.

Alice can transmit to Bob, for example, authentication information based on an authentication key and timestamp or authentication information based on an authentication key and a random number, and Bob verifies the authentication information received from Alice to confirm that Alice is a legitimate user. Can be authenticated.

Referring to FIG. 1, a quantum authentication method that is easy to implement by using a single qubit and minimizing exposure of secret information by applying a query-response method to this entity authentication method will be described. The quantum entity authentication method proposed in the embodiment is a quantum entity authentication method using a password method used by existing quantum entity authentication methods or a query-response method that does not use a one-time password method, and if secret information is not directly transmitted The object can be authenticated. As shown in FIG. 1(b), a single qubit quantum information (source) can be used to easily implement a single qubit instead of a entangled state used by conventional quantum entity authentication techniques.

Some examples of representative unitary operators used in quantum information processing include the Pauli operator, the Hadamard operator, and the CNOT operator. These operators can be used for various quantum communication protocols and algorithms such as quantum remote transmission, remote state preparation, dance coding, quantum Fourier algorithm, quantum search algorithm, quantum encryption algorithm, and so on. Hereinafter, the single qubit unitary operator may be expressed as a single qubit rotation operator.

과 임의의 회전연산자

가 서로 커뮤트(commute)하다면, 회전축

과

은 평행하다. 그리고, 만약 임의의 회전연산자

과 임의의 회전연산자

이 서로 안티-커뮤트(anti-commute)하다면, 회전각

와

는

의 홀수 배이며, 회전축

과

은 서로 수직이 된다. 두 임의의 회전연산자가 커뮤트 하지도 않고 안티-커뮤트 하지도 않다면, 단일 큐빗 회전연산자를 이용해 비밀키 및 개인 정보로 사용하여 안전한 통신 프로토콜을 구성할 수 있다.If any rotation operator

And arbitrary rotation operator

If the are commute to each other,

and

Are parallel. And, if any rotation operator

And arbitrary rotation operator

If they are anti-commute to each other, then the rotation angle

Wow

Is

Is an odd multiple of the axis of rotation

and

Are perpendicular to each other. If two arbitrary rotation operators neither commutate nor anti-commit, a single qubit rotation operator can be used as a secret key and personal information to construct a secure communication protocol.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a quantum entity authentication apparatus according to an embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of authenticating a quantum entity in a quantum entity authentication apparatus according to an embodiment.

The processor of the quantum entity authentication device 110 may include an authentication requesting unit 210 and an authentication performing unit 220. Components of such a processor may be expressions of different functions performed by the processor according to a control command provided by a program code stored in the quantum entity authentication apparatus. The processor and components of the processor may control the quantum entity authentication apparatus to perform steps 310 to 320 included in the quantum entity authentication method of FIG. 3. In this case, the processor and the components of the processor may be implemented to execute an instruction according to the code of the operating system included in the memory and the code of at least one program.

The processor may load the program code stored in the program file for the quantum entity authentication method into the memory. For example, when a program is executed in the quantum entity authentication device, the processor may control the quantum entity authentication device to load the program code from the program file into the memory under the control of the operating system. At this time, each of the processor and the authentication request unit 210 and the authentication execution unit 220 included in the processor executes a command of a corresponding part of the program code loaded into the memory to execute the subsequent steps 310 to 320. It can be different functional representations of the processor.

The sharing unit (not shown) allows each terminal to share a secret key in advance. The sharing unit may determine a rotation axis of a single qubit rotation operator as a secret key, and each terminal may share the determined rotation axis sequence. At this time, the sender terminal and the receiver terminal have the same secret key.

In step 310, the authentication request unit 210 may receive that authentication is requested from one of the plurality of entities. The authentication requesting unit 210 may generate an arbitrary quantum state pair as authentication is requested from the counterpart terminal, and transmit one quantum state of the generated arbitrary quantum state pair to the counterpart terminal. In this case, any pair of quantum states may include the same quantum state information. If, among the pair of quantum states, one quantum state is owned by the own terminal, and one quantum state can be transmitted to the other terminal.

In step 320, the authentication performing unit 220 may authenticate the entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle related to a plurality of entities. The authentication performing unit 220 determines the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator as each private key, and the encrypted single qubit quantum state based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined in the counterpart terminal and the rotation axis shared in advance Can receive delivered. The authentication performing unit 220 secondly encrypts the encrypted single qubit quantum state received from the counterpart terminal based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator and the previously shared rotation axis, and performs the second encrypted single qubit quantum state at the counterpart terminal. Can be delivered to The authentication performing unit 220 transmits the encrypted single qubit quantum state of the counterpart terminal obtained by decrypting the second-encrypted single qubit quantum state in the counterpart terminal, and shares the encrypted single qubit quantum state of the counterpart terminal in advance. It can be decrypted based on the rotation axis and the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined as the private key. The authentication performing unit 220 may check a single qubit quantum state obtained by decoding and a single qubit quantum state of one of a previously generated single qubit pair through cross check. In addition, the authentication performing unit 220 may analyze safety through the average fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a quantum entity authentication operation according to an embodiment.

The protocol for authenticating quantum entities may consist of four steps: a preparation step, a query step, a response step, and a verification step.

In the preparation stage, Alice and Bob can share the secret key in advance (①). In this case, a rotation axis of a rotational operator of a qubit, which is a stage corresponding to the secret key, may be determined and a single qubit rotational operator corresponding to the determined rotational axis may be shared.

At the inquiry stage, Alice can request authentication from Bob (②). As authentication is requested from Alice, Bob can generate an arbitrary pair of quantum states, and can pass the quantum state of one of the generated pairs of arbitrary quantum states to Alice (③). In an embodiment, the quantum state may mean a single qubit quantum state. Specifically, Alice and Bob can each determine the rotation angle of a single qubit rotation operator as Alice and Bob's respective private keys. In this case, the rotation angles of the single qubit rotation operator may be different or the same angle.

In the response stage, Alice can encrypt a single qubit rotation operator based on her private key and Alice's personal information that shared a single qubit in advance (④). For example, Alice may encrypt a single qubit based on a rotation angle of a single qubit rotation operator determined as Alice's private key and a rotation axis shared in advance. Alice can pass the encrypted single qubit quantum state to Bob. Bob can receive an encrypted single qubit quantum state from Alice.

In the verification step, Bob can encrypt a single qubit rotation operator based on the private key shared in advance and Bob's personal information. In other words, Bob can secondly encrypt the encrypted single qubit quantum state received from Alice based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined as Bob's private key and the rotation axis shared in advance (⑤). Bob can pass the second-encrypted single qubit quantum state to Alice. Alice can decrypt the secondary encrypted single qubit quantum state (⑥). Alice may obtain an encrypted single qubit quantum state for Alice by decrypting the secondary encrypted single qubit quantum state. Alice may decrypt the second-encrypted single qubit state based on a rotation axis shared in advance and a rotation angle of a single qubit rotation operator determined as Alice's key key. In other words, Alice can decrypt the part encrypted by Alice.

Alice can convey to Bob an encrypted single qubit quantum state for Alice. Bob can decrypt the encrypted single qubit quantum state for Alice based on the rotation axis shared in advance and the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined as Bob's private key.

Bob can check the single qubit quantum state obtained by decoding and the single qubit quantum state of one of the previously generated single qubit pairs through cross check (⑦). Bob can perform an exchange check on a single qubit quantum state of one of the initially generated single qubit pair and a single qubit quantum state obtained by decoding. Referring to FIG. 5, a quantum circuit for verifying two quantum states is shown. Ullmann's fidelity, an important element of exchange testing, can be used to present a safety analysis and show the amount of information that can be obtained when intercepted by eavesdroppers. It is possible to determine whether the two states match through an exchange check. As the quantum state sequence grows, the probability of failing the exchange check can be reduced to a very small number approaching zero. In other words, it can be confirmed if the two quantum states being compared are different. Referring to FIG. 7, it is an example showing the analysis of safety through average fidelity. The safety can be analyzed through the average fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states. The average fidelity value obtained by comparing two quantum states can be expressed as a value between 0 and 1. An average fidelity value of 0 means that the two quantum states are different, and a value of 1 means that the two quantum states are the same. In other words, as the average fidelity value approaches zero, it means that the two quantum states are different. As shown in FIG. 7, the more dark colors or the same color part (eg, red), the more the same state may be obtained. In addition, it can be seen that every time the rotation angle increases, the red color decreases and the depth increases, thereby ensuring safety.

6 and 8 are diagrams for explaining a quantum entity authentication operation when an attack occurs according to an exemplary embodiment.

The quantum entity authentication operation may be performed in the same manner as the processing method described in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 8, external intrusion may occur in various ways, such as an impersonation attack or an intercept-measurement attack. A camouflage attack in which Eve, a third party, attempts to authenticate as Alice in the middle (Figure 8a), and a blocking-measurement attack in which Eve intercepts and measures the quantum state transmitted between Alice and Bob to obtain secret information. (Fig. 8B) may occur. As an example, in FIG. 6, a camouflage attack will be described as an example. In a spoofed attack, Alice's channel is interrupted, and Eve can attempt to authenticate to Bob instead of Alice.

Referring to FIG. 6, because Eve does not know the rotation axis of Alice's single qubit rotation operator and Alice's personal information, for example, Alice's rotation angle, she can attempt a camouflage attack through an arbitrary rotation axis and rotation angle. The quantum state modulated by the single qubit rotation operator of Eve can be transmitted to Bob. Since entity authentication is performed on the basis of the quantum state modulated by the single qubit rotation operator of Eve, the verification does not pass. In other words, Eve can prove that she cannot be Alice by analyzing the average fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states verified using an exchange check. Also, Eve cannot obtain information in a quantum state encrypted with an arbitrary single qubit rotation operator.

In entity authentication, when Eve, the eavesdropper, tries to pass the verification, in order to pass the verification, Eve must pretend to be Alice or obtain secret information for identification. By analyzing the average fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states, we can indicate the safety of the protocol by analyzing the safety from Eve's spoof attack and the amount of information that Eve can acquire through the quantum state transmitted through the quantum channel. In this way, when Eve tries to authenticate, verification can be performed through Uhlmann's fidelity. Safety can be verified by numerically suggesting that there is no information that can be obtained through a qubit transmitted in the middle by Eve, a third party. Referring to FIG. 7, when the situation of Eve is substituted, the closer the average fidelity value is to 1, the more likely that the camouflage attack of Eve was successful, and the closer the average fidelity value is to 0, the disguised attack of Eve is not successful. It can mean not.

The quantum entity authentication method based on a question-response according to an embodiment can minimize the exposure of secret information for entity authentication by applying question-response authentication, and can ensure safety against spoofing attacks and blocking-measurement attacks. . In addition, the use of a single qubit can improve the overall implementation efficiency of quantum cryptography, and therefore, implementation is easier than previous protocols based on Bell state or GHZ state. Also, such room entity authentication reduces the number of measurements required and does not require public announcement.

The apparatus described above may be implemented as a hardware component, a software component, and/or a combination of a hardware component and a software component. For example, the devices and components described in the embodiments are, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA). , A programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions, such as one or more general purpose computers or special purpose computers. The processing device may execute an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications executed on the operating system. In addition, the processing device may access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to the execution of software. For the convenience of understanding, although it is sometimes described that one processing device is used, one of ordinary skill in the art, the processing device is a plurality of processing elements and/or a plurality of types of processing elements. It can be seen that it may include. For example, the processing device may include a plurality of processors or one processor and one controller. In addition, other processing configurations are possible, such as a parallel processor.

The software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, configuring the processing unit to behave as desired or processed independently or collectively. You can command the device. Software and/or data may be interpreted by a processing device or to provide instructions or data to a processing device, of any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device. Can be embodyed in The software may be distributed over networked computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on one or more computer-readable recording media.

The method according to the embodiment may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded in a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiment, or may be known and usable to those skilled in computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. -A hardware device specially configured to store and execute program instructions such as magneto-optical media, and ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of the program instructions include not only machine language codes such as those produced by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described by the limited embodiments and drawings, various modifications and variations are possible from the above description by those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order from the described method, and/or components such as a system, structure, device, circuit, etc. described are combined or combined in a form different from the described method, or other components Alternatively, even if substituted or substituted by an equivalent, an appropriate result can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and claims and equivalents fall within the scope of the claims to be described later.

Claims (16)

In the quantum entity authentication method,
Receiving that authentication is requested from one of the plurality of entities; And
Authenticating an entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle associated with the plurality of entities
Including,
The step of authenticating the entity,
Determining a rotation angle of a single qubit rotation operator as a private key of each terminal, and receiving an encrypted single qubit quantum state transmitted based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined by the other terminal and a rotation axis shared in advance
Quantum entity authentication method comprising a. The method of claim 1,
Receiving that authentication is requested from one of the plurality of entities,
Generating an arbitrary quantum state pair as authentication is requested from the counterpart terminal, and delivering one quantum state of the generated arbitrary quantum state pair to the counterpart terminal
Quantum entity authentication method comprising a. The method of claim 1,
A step in which each of the terminals, which is a plurality of entities, shares the secret key
Including more,
Determine the rotation axis of the single qubit rotation operator as the secret key, and share the sequence of the rotation axis
Quantum entity authentication method, characterized in that. delete The method of claim 1,
The step of authenticating the entity,
The encrypted single qubit quantum state received from the counterpart terminal is secondarily encrypted based on the determined rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator and a previously shared rotation axis, and the second encrypted single qubit quantum state is transmitted to the counterpart terminal Steps to
Quantum entity authentication method comprising a. The method of claim 5,
The step of authenticating the entity,
An encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal obtained by decrypting the second-encrypted single qubit quantum state by the counterpart terminal is transmitted, and the encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal is shared in advance. And decoding based on the determined rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator.
Quantum entity authentication method comprising a. The method of claim 6,
The step of authenticating the entity,
Checking the single qubit quantum state obtained by the decoding and the single qubit quantum state of one of the previously generated single qubit pair through cross check
Quantum entity authentication method comprising a. In the quantum entity authentication method,
Receiving that authentication is requested from one of the plurality of entities; And
Comprising the step of authenticating an entity based on a query-response method of quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle associated with the plurality of entities,
Including,
The step of authenticating the entity,
Analyzing safety through the mean fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states
Quantum entity authentication method comprising a. In the quantum entity authentication device,
An authentication request unit for receiving an authentication request from one of a plurality of entities; And
An authentication performing unit for authenticating an entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle related to the plurality of entities
Including,
The authentication performing unit,
Each terminal determines the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator as a private key, and receives the encrypted single qubit quantum state transmitted based on the rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator determined by the other terminal and the rotation axis shared in advance.
Quantum entity authentication device. The method of claim 9,
The authentication request unit,
Generating an arbitrary quantum state pair as authentication is requested from the counterpart terminal, and delivering one quantum state of the generated arbitrary quantum state pair to the counterpart terminal
Quantum entity authentication device, characterized in that. The method of claim 9,
A sharing unit where each terminal, which is a plurality of entities, shares a secret key
Including more,
Determine the rotation axis of the single qubit rotation operator as the secret key, and share the sequence of the rotation axis
Quantum entity authentication device, characterized in that. delete The method of claim 9,
The authentication performing unit,
The encrypted single qubit quantum state received from the counterpart terminal is secondarily encrypted based on the determined rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator and a previously shared rotation axis, and the second encrypted single qubit quantum state is transmitted to the counterpart terminal doing
Quantum entity authentication device, characterized in that. The method of claim 13,
The authentication performing unit,
An encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal obtained by decrypting the second-encrypted single qubit quantum state by the counterpart terminal is transmitted, and the encrypted single qubit quantum state for the counterpart terminal is shared in advance. And decoding based on the determined rotation angle of the single qubit rotation operator
Quantum entity authentication device, characterized in that. The method of claim 14,
The authentication performing unit,
Checking a single qubit quantum state obtained by the decoding and a single qubit quantum state of a previously generated single qubit pair through cross check
Quantum entity authentication device, characterized in that. In the quantum entity authentication device,
An authentication request unit for receiving an authentication request from one of a plurality of entities; And
An authentication performing unit for authenticating an entity based on a query-response method for quantum state information including a rotation axis or rotation angle related to the plurality of entities
Including,
The authentication performing unit,
Analyzing safety through the mean fidelity of two arbitrary quantum states
Quantum entity authentication device, characterized in that.

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