KR102147051B1 - A Size-Reduced Tri-Band Gysel Power Divider With Ultra-Wideband Harmonics Suppression Performance - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a size-reduced tri-band Gysel power divider having ultra-wideband harmonics suppression performance to reduce harmonic components of harmonic waves of an operating frequency of a band-pass filter (BPF). According to the present invention, the size-reduced tri-band Gysel power divider comprises: an input port 1 and output ports 2 and 3 of a multiband power divider; harmonic component removing units of the output port 2 and 3 symmetrically configured to remove harmonic components of an operating frequency with a BPF; an open-end stub of the output port 2; a short-circulated one-end stub of the output port 3; a right 8-shaped transmission line unit connected to the output ports 2 and 3; a via hole formed in right rectangular internal central parts of the output ports 2 and 3; and a lumped insulation resistor (R) disposed on upper and lower sides.

Description

A Size-Reduced Tri-Band Gysel Power Divider With Ultra-Wideband Harmonics Suppression Performance}

The present invention relates to a Tri-Band Gysel Power Divider having a reduced size of the Ultra-Wideband Harmonics Suppression Performance.

This research was partially supported by the National Research Foundation under the approval of the NRF-2016R1D1A1B03935640 project, and was conducted with partial support from Kwangwoon University research fund in 2018.

A power divider (PD) distributes 1/2 power input to the input port and outputs 1/2 power to each of the output ports 1 and 2, respectively.

As a prior art 1 related to a power divider (PD, Power Divider), Patent Registration No. 10-10700090000 discloses a "1:2 ultra-wideband power divider/combiner with improved isolation", which is capacitively coupled with a transmission line. An ultra-wideband power divider/combiner with improved stability is provided by controlling the bandwidth of an input or output signal in an ultra-wide band by using a short-circuit line, and isolating the output transmission lines from each other.

The ultra-wideband power divider can accurately set the bandwidth of the input/output signal to the desired ultra-wideband by adjusting the size of the capacitive coupling between the transmission line and the short line. In addition, this ultra-wideband power divider improves the degree of isolation between transmission lines from which signals are output by inserting isolation resistors between transmission lines from which signals are output.

I. Background description

Wilkinson and Gysel are a type of power divider widely used in microwave systems. As a must-have device, there are many on ultra-wideband (UWB) performance [1]-[3], small size [4]-[7] and harmonics suppression [8]-[10]. Research has been proposed over the past few years. Conventional microstrip-slotline coupling structure [1], non-uniform transmission line (TL) [2], or stepped-impedance coupling structure [3] The transmission lines (TLs) of were a method of extending the passband. Slow wave TLs [4]-[5], π-equivalent artificial TLs [6], and integrated passive devices (IPD) [7] can be used to reduce the size of the power divider. Speaking of interest in harmonics suppression, filters are typically used to expand input/output ports [8], or phase shifters [9], [10]. Was used as In addition to the above viewpoint, multi-band PDs have increased in importance due to the rapid development of mobile communication systems. In the case of previous multi-band PD designs [11] and [25], composite right- and left-handed (CRLH) TLs have 2 arbitrary phase values at 2 arbitrary frequencies of small size [11] and [13]. Arbitrary phase values) have attracted great interest because of their unique properties. In the papers [14] and [16], multi-band PDs are implemented based on multi-section structures. Additionally, additional open-/short-circuited stubs can be used with conventional phase shifters [17]-[20] or inputs to achieve impedance matching in multi-passbands. /Can be built into output ports [19]-[24]. However, the multi-band designs include selected additional lumped elements and via holes leading to a high manufacturing process and increased parasitic effects [11], [13]. ], [21], [24], bulk size [16], [20], [21], [24], low selectivity performance [11], [16], etc. Show. In addition, all of the above designs will improve out-of-band rejection performance by connecting to filters in many applications, resulting in large size and insertion loss [26]. .

To the present knowledge of the authors of the paper, only a few of them include multi-band performance with good out-of-band rejection [26]-[29], harmonic suppression [30]. do. In [26] and [27], multi-bandpass filters are used as phase shifters to suppress unwanted signals. In addition, multi-mode resonator with coupling structures [29], short circuited stepped impedance resonators [28], [29] and planar artificial transmission lines. TLs) [31] may also be selected instead of a quarter-wave length phase shifter with improved harmonics suppression. Nevertheless, such designs suffer. This design has a narrow bandwidth [26], [28]-[30], and higher in-band insertion loss [27]-[30]. Also, all designs have Wilkinson It is based on PD and the stopbands are narrower and need improvement.

In this study, a reduced size tri-band Gysel PD with harmonics suppression performance was first proposed with a simple structure and independently controllable bandwidths. The 3 passband is induced by a tri-band phase inverter composed of 2 impedance matching lines and a tri-band biasing network. Also, the bandwidths are independently controlled by changing the impedance of the biasing network. In addition, ultra-wideband band stop filters and slow wave TLs are applied to perform harmonic suppression and size reduction, respectively. In addition, with the case of the traditional Gysel PD, the proposed power divider PD can operate at a higher frequency than Wilkinson PD as well as high-power handling capability. This is due to the structure of the isolation resistors being two ports not embedded in the network where the parasitic phase response of isolation resistors is tolerated, and a good heat sink can be obtained at the same time. [32].

Patent registration number 10-10700090000 (registration date September 27, 2011), "1:2 ultra-wideband power divider/combiner with improved isolation", Kyunghee University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation

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An object of the present invention for solving the above problem is to provide a 3-band Geisel power divider having a reduced size of ultra-wideband harmonic suppression.

A tri-band Gysel power divider with ultra-wideband harmonics suppression performance reduced in size with a simple structure, high power processing function and independently controllable function bandwidth was first proposed. . A three passband was designed by two tri-band biasing networks where the impedance could be used to independently control the bandwidths of three passbands. Reduced size and ultra-wide stopband by introducing slow wave transmission lines and coupled lines with series open-circuited stubs Each can be obtained. Detailed design equations were derived, and power dividers (PDs) operating at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz were designed and verified.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, a three-band Geisel power divider PD1 having an ultra-wideband harmonic suppression performance reduced in size according to a first embodiment includes: an input port 1 provided on the left side of the multi-band power divider; Output ports 2 and 3 of the multi-band power divider provided at upper and lower sides of the multi-band power divider, respectively; The harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the output port 3 are symmetrically configured to be branched from the input port 1 and connected to the upper side and the lower side, respectively, and to remove the harmonic component of the operating frequency using a band cut filter (BSF). A harmonic component removal unit of the; An open-end stub of the output port 2; And a shorted open-end stub of the output port 3; A right 8-shaped transmission line part connected to the output ports 2 and 3; A right 8-shaped transmission line part connected to the output port 2 and the output port 3; A via hole provided in a right rectangular inner center of the output port 2 and the output port 3; And lumped insulation resistances R of upper and lower sides respectively provided symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the via hole and used as isolation resistors of the lumped elements,

The multi-band power divider is characterized in that a harmonic component of a harmonic of an operating frequency of a band cut filter (BSF) is removed, and a size of the circuit of the conventional power divider is reduced.

In addition, in order to achieve another object of the present invention, a three-band Geisel power divider PD2 having an ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance reduced in size according to the second embodiment is an input provided on the left side of the multi-band power divider. port 1; Output ports 2 and 3 of the multi-band power divider provided at upper and lower sides of the multi-band power divider, respectively; The harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the output port 3 are symmetrically configured to be branched from the input port 1 and connected to the upper side and the lower side, respectively, and to remove the harmonic component of the operating frequency using a band cut filter (BSF). A harmonic component removal unit of the; A slow wave transmission line is provided with a plurality of slow wave open stubs vertically symmetrically connected to the harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the harmonic component removal unit of the output port 3, respectively. TLs); An impedance matching unit formed on a trunk transmission line having a left rectangular structure; A phase inverter of output port 2 and a phase inverter of output port 3 respectively connected in the vertical direction through the left rectangular trunk transmission line; Open-end stubs of output port 2 formed on the left and right of the phase inverter of output port 2; And short-circuited open-end stubs of the output port 3 formed on the left and right of the phase inverter of the output port 3; A right eight-shaped transmission line unit connected to the phase inverter of the output port 2 and the phase inverter of the output port 2; A via hole provided in a rectangle of the phase inverter of the output port 2 and the phase inverter of the output port 3; And lumped insulation resistances R of upper and lower sides respectively provided symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the via hole and used as isolation resistors of the lumped elements,

The multi-band power divider is characterized in that a harmonic component of a harmonic of an operating frequency of a band cut filter (BSF) is removed, and a size of the circuit of the conventional power divider is reduced.

The present invention has developed a 3-band Geisel power divider having a reduced-size ultra-wide-band harmonic suppression performance. The tri-band Gysel power divider operating at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz has a simple structure, high power handling capability, and a reduced size with an independently controllable function bandwidth. A tri-band Gysel power divider with wideband harmonics suppression performance, 7-18 GHz) was first proposed. A three passband was designed by two tri-band biasing networks where the impedance could be used to independently control the bandwidths of three passbands. Reduced size and ultra-wide stopband by introducing slow wave transmission lines and coupled lines with series open-circuited stubs Each can be obtained. Detailed design equations were derived, and power dividers (PDs) operating at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz were designed and verified. In addition, two additional circuits were designed, simulated and fabricated. One is used to obtain an optional range of 3 passbands, and the other is compared to the proposed power divider (PD). The measured results agree well with the simulation results. In all, impedance matching, isolation, and a wider 3-dB fractional bandwidth can be obtained with values of 18.5%, 20.7%, and 13.0%, respectively, in each passband. In addition, more bands can be easily extended to the proposed power divider (PD) by introducing more open-circuited stubs in tri-band biasing networks.

In addition, compared to the traditional Gysel PD, the proposed tri-band Gysel power divider provides higher power processing capability than Wilkinson PD, which is suitable for 5G mobile communication, and has a higher operating frequency than Wilkinson PD. In the example, the closed design equation designed and verified a tri-band Gysel power divider operating at 2.0 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.0 GHz operating frequencies, suppresses harmonics, and has a circuit size of about 60% of the circuit size of Gysel PD. Was reduced.

)을 보인 그림이다.
도 6,7은 본 발명의 하모닉 억제된 Gysel 전력 분배기(harmonics-suppressed Gysel power divider)의 설계된 패턴 및 물리적 크기(단위:mm)를 나타낸 그림이다.
도 8은 Gysel 전력분배기(PD1)의 사진과 시뮬레이션 결과 및 측정된 삽입 손실(insertion loss,

) 및 반사 손실(return loss,

)을 보인 그림이다. 1 is a structure of a reduced size Gysel power divider having a harmonic suppression performance and 3 passbands.
2 is an equivalent even-/odd-mode circuit of a filter included in (a) a series of bandstop filters having two feed lines and (b) a dotted rectangle.
3 is a microstrip line type unit cell of (a) an equivalent circuit of a slow wave transmission line and (b) a slow wave transmission line.
Figure 4 is an equivalent circuit of a multi-band phase inverter (multi-band phase inverter) composed of a two feed line and a multi-band biasing network.
5 is a simulated return loss of four different cases for S parameters with respect to frequency.

).
6 and 7 are diagrams showing the designed pattern and physical size (unit: mm) of the harmonic-suppressed Gysel power divider of the present invention.
8 is a photograph of a Gysel power divider PD1, a simulation result, and a measured insertion loss.

) And return loss,

).

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Disclosed is a 3-band Geisel power divider having a reduced-size ultra-wideband harmonic suppression performance. The tri-band Gysel power divider operating at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz has a simple structure, high power processing capability, and a functional bandwidth that can independently control the bandwidths of three passbands. It has ultra-wideband harmonics suppression performance (7-18 GHz) with reduced size. A three passband was designed by two tri-band biasing networks where the impedance could be used to independently control the bandwidths of three passbands. By introducing slow wave transmission lines and coupled lines with series open-circuited stubs, a reduced size and ultra-wideband stopband can be obtained, respectively. Impedance matching, isolation and a wider 3-dB fractional bandwidth can be obtained with values of 18.5 %, 20.7% and 13.0 %, respectively, in each passband. In addition, more bands can be easily extended to the proposed power divider (PD) by introducing more open-circuited stubs in tri-band biasing networks.

II. Analysis and design

The proposed structure of a size reduced Gysel PD with triple passbands and harmonics suppression performance with 3 passband and harmonic suppression performance is shown in FIG. 1.

1 is a structure of a reduced size Gysel power divider having a harmonic suppression performance and 3 passbands.

The Gysel power divider (Gysel PD), which has a reduced harmonic suppression performance and 3 passbands, has port1 as an input port and port2 and port3 as an output port.

The Gysel Power Divider (PD) distributes the power input to the input port port1 by 1/2 power and outputs 1/2 power to each of the output ports port2 and port3.

As shown in Fig. 1, quarter-wavelength TLs with ultra-wideband band stop filters (block 1), slow wave TLs (block 2) with conventional ultra-wideband band stop filters And tri-band phase inverters (block 3) respectively. In this section, each functional block is analyzed in detail and design equations are derived simultaneously.

A. Ultra wideband band stop filter

2 is an equivalent even-/odd-mode circuit of a filter included in (a) a series of band stop filters having two feed lines and (b) a dotted rectangle.

(open-end stub

)와 결합 라인 시리즈(coupled line series)에 의해 형성된다. The dotted rectangle in Fig. 2(a) is an open-end stub

(open-end stub

) And a coupled line series.

주변에 존재한다. 게다가, 초광대역 대역 차단 필터는 초광대역 성능을 가지며, 또한 이 유형의 필터의 특징은 간단한 구조와 소형 크기를 갖는다. 그러나, 필터의 전기적인 길이

는 많은 파라미터에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이는 다음 전력분배기(PD) 설계에서 요구사항을 만나 도전해야함을 의미한다. 그러므로, 다른 전기적인 길이

및

를 갖는 2 급전선(feed line)을 선택하였다.According to a previous study [33], the electrical length θ of the coupled line and the open stub is π as the stop band of the ultra-wideband stop filter. When /2 is the same, the center frequency of the ultra-wideband stop filter

It exists around. In addition, the ultra-wideband band cut-off filter has ultra-wideband performance, and also features of this type of filter have a simple structure and small size. However, the electrical length of the filter

Is influenced by many parameters, which means that the next power divider (PD) design must meet and challenge requirements. Therefore, different electrical lengths

And

A 2 feed line was selected with.

In the case of a symmetrical filter, even-/odd-mode analysis may be used. Then, the respective circuits are shown in Fig. 2(b). Based on the basic transmission line (TL) theory, the following equation can be obtained.

와

는 Gysel PD의 각각 결합 라인의 짝수/홀수 모드 임피던스(even-/ odd-mode impedances of the coupled line)이다. here,

Wow

Is the even-/odd-mode impedances of the coupled line of each coupling line of Gysel PD.

θ is the electrical length of the open stub of the power divider PD.

는 결합 라인(coupled line)의 짝수-모드 입력 임피던스(even-mode input impedance)이다.

Is the even-mode input impedance of the coupled line.

는 결합 라인(coupled line)의 홀수-모드 입력 임피던스(odd-mode input impedance)이다.

Is the odd-mode input impedance of the coupled line.

는 도 2(a)의 open-end stub의 임피던스이다.

Is the impedance of the open-end stub of FIG. 2(a).

는 도 2(b)의 좌측 그림에서 port로부터 open-end stub로 본 짝수-모드 입력 임피던스(even-mode input impedance)이다.

Is the even-mode input impedance seen from the port to the open-end stub in the left figure of FIG. 2(b).

는 도 2(b)의 우측 그림에서 port로부터 open-end stub로 본 홀수-모드 입력 임피던스(odd-mode input impedance)이다.

Is the odd-mode input impedance seen from the port to the open-end stub in the right figure of FIG. 2(b).

는 도 2(b)의 좌측 그림에서 open-end stub의 짝수-모드 입력 임피던스(even-mode input impedance)이다.

Is the even-mode input impedance of the open-end stub in the left figure of FIG. 2(b).

및 등가 임피던스

는 다음과 같이 계산될 수 있다.From equation (1-3), the electrical length of the band cut filter of the power divider (PD)

And equivalent impedance

Can be calculated as follows.

는 하모닉 성분을 억제하는 대역 차단 필터(band stop filter)의 전기적인 길이,

는 도 2(a)의 대역 차단 필터(band stop filter)의 등가 임피던스이다.

Is the electrical length of a band stop filter that suppresses the harmonic component,

Is the equivalent impedance of the band stop filter of FIG. 2(a).

일 때, 전력 분배기(PD)의 대역 차단 필터의 전기적인 길이는 π/2이다.In the above equations (4) and (5), the electrical length θ is calculated based on the operating frequency. For example, the operating frequency of the power divider (PD) is

When, the electrical length of the band cut filter of the power divider PD is π/2.

B. Slow wave transmission line

3 is a micro-strip line unit cell of (a) an equivalent circuit of a slow wave transmission line and (b) a slow wave transmission line.

3(a) shows the slow wave transmission line created by the traditional transmission line TL, which is periodically loaded with several capacitors CPL, which can reduce the characteristic impedance and phase speed VTL of the traditional transmission line TL. It is an equivalent circuit of wave TL). And it is possible to achieve a long electrical length in a short physical length (short physical length). There are several ways to achieve shunting capacitance, such as lumped capacitors, short-circuited stubs, etc. However, in this study, the open-circuited stub is used because of its simple structure without via holes, and the necessary soldering processes with less parasitic effects will be used. .

In addition, a unit cell within a dotted rectangle in FIG. 3(a) can be transferred to the micro-stripline-type unit cell of FIG. 3(b), and the relationship is expressed as Equation (6).

은 도 3(a)의 요구된 단위 slow-wave transmission line의 추가 커패시턴스,

는 도 3(b)의 로드 된 open-end stubs의 물리적인 길이,

는 도 3(b)의 로드 된 open-end stubs의 propagation constant,

는 전력 분배기(PD)의 대역 차단 필터의 동작 주파수이다. here,

Is the additional capacitance of the slow-wave transmission line in the required unit of Fig. 3(a),

Is the physical length of the loaded open-end stubs in Fig. 3(b),

Is the propagation constant of the loaded open-end stubs in Fig. 3(b),

Is the operating frequency of the band cut filter of the power divider PD.

,

및

는 각각 임피던스(impedance), 위상 속도(phase velocity) 및 물리적 길이(physical length)를 나타낸다. 이전의 연구 [4], [5]에 따르면, 위상 응답(phase response)

및 특성 임피던스

를 갖는 저속-파 전송 라인(slow-wave TL)으로 전통 전송라인 변환한 로드 된 CPL은 또한 식(7)에 의해 표현될 수 있다. Loaded open-circuited-stub of open-end stub

,

And

Denotes impedance, phase velocity and physical length, respectively. According to previous studies [4] and [5], the phase response

And characteristic impedance

The loaded CPL converted from a traditional transmission line to a slow-wave transmission line (slow-wave TL) can also be expressed by equation (7).

은 도 3(a)의 요구된 단위 slow-wave transmission line의 추가 커패시턴스,

은 요구된 저속-파 전송 라인(slow-wave transmission line)의 전기적인 길이(electrical length),

는 요구된 저속-파 전송 라인(slow-wave transmission line)의 등가 임피던스,

는 사용된 기존 전송 라인(utilzed conventional transmission line)의 임피던스, N은 로드 된 open-end stub의 수,

는 전력 분배기(PD)의 대역 차단 필터의 동작 주파수이다. here,

Is the additional capacitance of the slow-wave transmission line in the required unit of Fig. 3(a),

Is the required electrical length of the slow-wave transmission line,

Is the equivalent impedance of the required slow-wave transmission line,

Is the impedance of the used conventional transmission line, N is the number of loaded open-end stubs,

Is the operating frequency of the band cut filter of the power divider PD.

N is the number of unit cells and the distance d between adjacent two parallel open-circuited stubs can be obtained as follows.

는 요구된 저속-파 전송 라인(slow-wave transmission line)의 등가 임피던스,

은 요구된 저속-파 전송 라인(slow-wave transmission line)의 전기적인 길이,

은 전통적인 전송 라인(conventional transmission line, TL)의 등가 임피던스,

은 사용된 전통적인 전송 라인(conventional transmission line, TL)의 propagation constant이다.Where d is the distance between adjacent two parallel open-circuited stubs,

Is the equivalent impedance of the required slow-wave transmission line,

Is the required electrical length of the slow-wave transmission line,

Is the equivalent impedance of a conventional transmission line (TL),

Is the propagation constant of the conventional transmission line (TL) used.

Above all, closed-type design equations for the slow wave transmission line (slow wave TL) were proposed, and the design procedure was determined as follows.

, 필요한

,

, 사용 가능한

및

를 설정한다.

과

의 단지 유일한 제한은

과

는 고도의 제조 공정에서 얇은 너비(thin width)를 갖는 하이테크 제조 기술이다. 1) Center frequency

, Required

,

, available

And

Is set.

and

The only limitation of the

and

Is a high-tech manufacturing technology with a thin width in a highly advanced manufacturing process.

2) h is the thickness of the substrate used, and the periodic distance d is calculated using equation (8) to satisfy the requirement that the periodic distance d must be greater than 3h. Also, N is defined simultaneously.

3) Calculate length l based on equations (6, 7).

4) All of the above values are transferred in actual physical length.

C. tri-band phase inverter

로 구성된다. The three-band phase inverter is designed based on a multi-band biasing network included in the dotted rectangle in FIG. 4, and two transmission lines for a tri-band biasing network. TLs

Consists of

Figure 4 is an equivalent circuit of a multi-band phase inverter (multi-band phase inverter) composed of a two feed line and a multi-band biasing network.

일 때, 2 개방 스터브 사이의 길이는

이다.The wavelength of the nth operating frequency of the power divider PD is λn/4, and the branched lengths of the open stubs are respectively

When, the length between 2 open stubs is

to be.

In the case of a multi-band (quad-band or more) application for future improvement, a multi-band phase inverter is used instead of the used tri-band phase inverter shown in FIG. Used. Based on the microwave network theory, the impedance matrix of phase inverter can be calculated as equation (9).

은 도 4의 임피던스 매칭 라인의 임피던스,

은 도 4의 임피던스 매칭 라인의 전기적인 길이,

는 도 4의 다중 대역 위상 인버터(multi-band phase inverter)의 등가 임피던스,

는 도 4의 다중 대역 위상 인버터(multi-band phase inverter)의 전기적인 길이, 즉 다중 대역 위상 인버터의 위상 응답(phase response)이다.

은 도 4의 점선 직사각형의 바이어싱 네트워크의 특성 어드미턴스이며, 특정 위치에서 트렁크 전송라인(trunk TL)을 따라 개방 회로 스터브들(open-circuited quarter-wavelength stubs)의 수 n에 의해 형성되는 바이어싱 네트워크의 특성 어드미턴스이다. (n은 개방 회로 스터브들(open-circuited stubs)의 수, 이는 통과 대역들(passbands)의 수와 동일하며, 제안된 3 대역 전력분배기(PD)는 n=3). here,

Is the impedance of the impedance matching line of FIG. 4,

Is the electrical length of the impedance matching line of FIG. 4,

Is the equivalent impedance of the multi-band phase inverter of FIG. 4,

Is the electrical length of the multi-band phase inverter of FIG. 4, that is, the phase response of the multi-band phase inverter.

Is the characteristic admittance of the dotted-rectangular biasing network in FIG. 4, and is a biasing network formed by the number n of open-circuited quarter-wavelength stubs along a trunk transmission line (trunk TL) at a specific location. Is the characteristic admittance. (n is the number of open-circuited stubs, which is equal to the number of passbands, and the proposed 3-band power divider (PD) is n=3).

는 설계된 전력 분배기(PD)의 중심 주파수에서 무한하게 있어야 한다.For an ideal design, this characteristic impedance from input ports 1 to n

Should be infinite at the center frequency of the designed power divider (PD).

Then, the design equations [34] and [35] are used.

은 0부터 각각의 open-end stub의 거리,

은 도 4의 인접한 두 open-end stubs의 거리,

은 각 중심 주파수의 전기적인 길이,

과

은 대역 차단 필터의 주파수이다. here,

Is the distance of each open-end stub from 0,

Is the distance of two adjacent open-end stubs in Figure 4,

Is the electrical length of each center frequency,

and

Is the frequency of the band cut filter.

〉

〉

...〉fn 이며, 상기 식들은 n > 1 인 조건에 근거한다. 특별한 케이스 n = 1 경우, ln = Xn =λn/4이다. The relationship between the center frequency of the power divider (PD) is

〉

〉

...> fn, and the above equations are based on the condition n> 1. For the special case n = 1, ln = Xn =λn/4.

/4 전기 길이 스터브(shunted

/4 electrical length stub)는 포인트 1이 단락되면, point 0에서 open하기 위해 단락된 포인트(shorted point)가 변환될 수 있다. 그런 다음, 다른 대역에는 영향을 주지 않는다.

을 식 (9)에 대입하면, 행렬은 다음과 같이 확장될 수 있다.The principle of the bias network is the first band, shunt at f1 frequency

/4 electric length shunted

/4 electrical length stub), when point 1 is shorted, the shorted point can be converted to open at point 0. Then, it does not affect other bands.

Substituting in equation (9), the matrix can be expanded as

은 도 4의 임피던스 매칭 라인의 임피던스,

은 도 4의 임피던스 매칭 라인의 전기적인 길이,

는 도 4의 다중 대역 위상 인버터(multi-band phase inverter)의 등가 임피던스,

는 도 4의 다중 대역 위상 인버터(multi-band phase inverter)의 전기적인 길이 이다. here,

Is the impedance of the impedance matching line of FIG. 4,

Is the electrical length of the impedance matching line of FIG. 4,

Is the equivalent impedance of the multi-band phase inverter of FIG. 4,

Is the electrical length of the multi-band phase inverter of FIG. 4.

와 특성 임피던스는 단지 두 TLs

에 의존한다. 이를 위해,

= π/2이면, 식 (13-15)에 의해 다음 식을 얻을 수 있다. The above equations are the phase response of the phase inverter.

And the characteristic impedance is only two TLs

Depends on for teeth,

= π/2, the following equation can be obtained by equation (13-15).

은 도 4의 임피던스 매칭 라인의 임피던스,

은 도 4의 임피던스 매칭 라인의 전기적인 길이,

는 도 4의 다중 대역 위상 인버터(multi-band phase inverter)의 등가 임피던스이다. here,

Is the impedance of the impedance matching line of FIG. 4,

Is the electrical length of the impedance matching line of FIG. 4,

Is the equivalent impedance of the multi-band phase inverter of FIG. 4.

,

,

)의 임피던스들은 정확하게 요구되지 않지만, 표1에 자세한 설계 파라미터들이 표시되고, 서로 다른 구성들을 가진 4개의 곡선이 주어지며, 도 5에 도시된 바와 같이 통과 대역의 대역폭(bandwidths of passbands)을 영향을 줄 수 있다.In the design of a multi-band phase shifter, the trunk line (ZTK) and open circuit stubs (

,

,

The impedances of) are not required exactly, but detailed design parameters are indicated in Table 1, and four curves with different configurations are given, and affect the bandwidths of passbands as shown in FIG. Can give.

Table 1 is the design parameters of different cases.

)을 보인 그림이다.5 is a simulated return loss of four different cases for S parameters with respect to frequency.

).

= 100 Ω,

=

=

= 100 Ω는 다음 설계에서 사용된다. It is clear that bandwidths can be improved by increasing the impedance of the trunk line or by reducing the impedances of the open-circuit stubs from the first 3 cases. Moreover, the bandwidths can also be independently controlled using other open circuit stubs as in case 4. Finally,

= 100 Ω,

=

=

= 100 Ω is used in the following design.

III. Experiment

The proposed Gysel PD with reduced three-band size includes a Gysel PD (PD1) whose harmonics are suppressed at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz so as to have an optimal range of three pass bands in a tri-band design; It was designed, simulated and fabricated by Gysel PD (PD2) with reduced harmonic suppression performance, two slow wave transmission lines and three additional circuits.

The three-band size reduced Gysel PD is a power divider (PD) that has three pass bands and operates at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz.

= 2 GHz,

= 2.5 GHz, and

= 3 GHz이다. 이는 코드 분할 다중 접속(CDMA), wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi), UWB indoor location에서 사용될 수 있다. The operating frequency of the power divider (PD) is

= 2 GHz,

= 2.5 GHz, and

= 3 GHz. It can be used in code division multiple access (CDMA), wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi), and UWB indoor locations.

A. Harmonic Suppressed Gysel Power Divider (harmonics-suppressed Gysel PD)

이고 위상 응답(phase response)이 π/4 인 대역 차단 필터들(band stop filters)을 갖는 입력 포트 port 1와 출력 포트들 port 2,3 사이에 원래 특성 임피던스

TLs로 대체하였다. The main concept of this type of power divider (PD) is that the characteristics impedance

And the original characteristic impedance between the input port port 1 and the output ports port 2 and 3 with band stop filters with a phase response of π/4

Replaced with TLs.

The design process was concluded as follows.

를 설정하고, 하이

(high

) 또는

와

사이에 상당한 차이는 고급 제조 기술에 기초하여

,

및

를 설정한다. 1) Operation center frequency of power divider (PD)

Set and high

(high

) or

Wow

Significant differences between are based on advanced manufacturing techniques

,

And

Is set.

에서,

는 대역 차단 필터(band stop filter)의 위상 응답(phase response)이며,

의 요구사항을 만족하기 위해 급전선(feed line)의 전기적인 길이

과

를 계산한다.2) Using Equation (2), the center frequency of the band cut filter of the power divider

in,

Is the phase response of the band stop filter,

The electrical length of the feed line to meet the requirements of

and

Calculate

/4 전기적인 길이(electrical length)를 갖는 전통적인 마이크로스트립-라인(microstrip-line)에 의해 제조된다. 전통적인 균등 분할 Gysel PD(equal split Gysel PD)의 특성 임피던스와 동일한, 각각의 특성 임피던스는

및

이다. 3) Output port 2 and port 3 of Fig. 1 are all the same

/4 Manufactured by a traditional microstrip-line with electrical length. Each characteristic impedance, which is the same as the characteristic impedance of a traditional equally split Gysel PD

And

to be.

4) Convert the above parameters to actual size.

는 70.7 Ω이고,

,

및

는 각각 171 Ω, 77 Ω 및 64 Ω로 설정하였다. Required in the design of the power divider (PD1)

Is 70.7 Ω,

,

And

Was set to 171 Ω, 77 Ω and 64 Ω, respectively.

The design pattern and actual size of the Gysel PD with suppressed harmonics are shown in FIG. 6.

6 and 7 are diagrams showing the designed pattern and physical size (unit: mm) of a harmonic-suppressed Gysel power divider without an impedance matching unit of the present invention.

The proposed Gysel PD with reduced three-band size is a Gysel PD (PD1) in which harmonics are suppressed at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz so as to have an optimal range of three pass bands in a tri-band design (Fig. 7); Harmonic suppression performance, a slow wave transmission line consisting of two slow wave open stubs, a three-band size-reduced Gysel PD (PD2) [Fig. 8] equipped with an additional circuit was designed, simulated, and fabricated.

6 is a slow wave transmission line unit composed of two slow wave open stubs and no impedance matching unit.

FIG. 7 is a power divider of FIG. 6, further comprising a slow wave transmission line unit composed of two slow wave open stubs, further comprising a rectangular impedance unit in the center, and a matching upper right transmission line Additional circuitry is provided in the lower right and lower transmission line parts.

A 3-band Geisel power divider PD1 having a reduced-size ultra-wideband harmonic suppression performance according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention of FIG. 6,

Input port 1 provided on the left side of a multi-band power divider;

Output ports 2 and 3 of the multi-band power divider provided at upper and lower sides of the multi-band power divider, respectively;

The harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the output are symmetrically configured to be branched from the input port 1 and connected to the upper side and the lower side, respectively, and symmetrically configured to remove the harmonic component of the operating frequency using a band stop filter. Harmonic component removal unit of port 3;

An open-end stub of the output port 2; And a shorted open-end stub of the output port 3;

A right eight-shaped transmission line unit connected to the output port 2 and the output port 3;

A via hole provided in a right rectangular inner center of the output port 2 and the output port 3; And lumped insulation resistances R of upper and lower sides respectively provided symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the via hole and used as isolation resistors of the lumped elements,

The multi-band power divider is characterized in that a harmonic component of a harmonic of an operating frequency of a band cut filter (BSF) is removed, and a size of the circuit of the conventional power divider is reduced.

A 3-band Geisel power divider PD2 having a reduced size of ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention of FIG. 7,

Input port 1 provided on the left side of a multi-band power divider;

Output ports 2 and 3 of the multi-band power divider provided at upper and lower sides of the multi-band power divider, respectively;

A harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2, which is branched from the input port 1 and connected to an upper side and a lower side, respectively, and is symmetrically configured to remove a harmonic component of an operating frequency using a band stop filter (BSF), A harmonic component removal unit of the output port 3;

A slow wave transmission line is provided with a plurality of slow wave open stubs vertically symmetrically connected to the harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the harmonic component removal unit of the output port 3, respectively. TLs);

An impedance matching unit formed on a trunk transmission line having a left rectangular structure;

A phase inverter of output port 2 and a phase inverter of output port 3 respectively connected in the vertical direction through the left rectangular trunk transmission line;

Open-end stub(s) of output port 2 formed on the left and right of the phase inverter of output port 2; And short-circuited open-end stub(s) of the output port 3 formed on the left and right of the phase inverter of the output port 3;

A right eight-shaped transmission line unit connected to the phase inverter of the output port 2 and the phase inverter of the output port 2;

A via hole provided in a rectangle of the phase inverter of the output port 2 and the phase inverter of the output port 3; And lumped insulation resistances R of upper and lower sides respectively provided symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the via hole and used as isolation resistors of the lumped elements,

The multi-band power divider is characterized in that a harmonic component of a harmonic of an operating frequency of a band stop filter (BSF) is removed, and a size is reduced compared to the size of a circuit of a conventional power divider.

The Gysel PD with reduced 3-band size includes a Gysel PD (PD1) in which harmonics are suppressed at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz so as to have an optimal range of 3 pass bands; Harmonic suppression performance, Gysel PD (PD2) with two additional circuits and a reduced size of 3 bands was designed, simulated and fabricated.

The multi-band power divider is characterized by being a tri-band Gysel Power Divider operating at center frequencies of 2.0 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.0 GHz.

The Gysel PD with reduced three-band size is a power divider (PD) that has three pass bands and operates at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz.

= 2 GHz,

= 2.5 GHz, and

= 3 GHz이다. 이는 코드 분할 다중 접속(CDMA), wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi), UWB indoor location에서 사용될 수 있다. The operating frequency of the power divider (PD) is

= 2 GHz,

= 2.5 GHz, and

= 3 GHz. It can be used in code division multiple access (CDMA), wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi), and UWB indoor locations.

The embodiment is not limited, and the multi-band power divider may operate at at least two or more center frequencies.

The port impedance of the multi-band power divider is fabricated on a Teflon substrate.

이고 위상 응답(phase response)이 π/4 인 대역 차단 필터 인 것을 특징으로 한다.The band cut filter has a characteristic impedance

And a phase response of π/4.

= 2.5GHz 에서

= 50Ω,

= π/ 2의 요구 사항을 만족한다. The calculation of the slow wave transmission line part is a center frequency of the power divider.

= At 2.5GHz

= 50Ω,

= π/2 is satisfied.

When the multi-band power divider is implemented as a 3-band Gysel power divider (PD1), a passband from 1.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz is performed by a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 2 and a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 3 ( passband), the minimum insertion loss and the maximum return loss are -33.7 dB and -3.1 dB, respectively.

기준으로 7

이상의 고조파 억제(7

harmonics suppression)에 의해 하모닉 성분을 억제한다. When the multi-band power divider is implemented as a 3-band Gysel power divider (PD1), a passband from 1.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz is performed by a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 2 and a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 3 ( passband), -20dB

7 as standard

Suppression of abnormal harmonics (7

harmonics suppression) to suppress harmonics.

The tri-band Gysel power divider operating at 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 GHz has a simple structure, high power processing capability, and independent control of the bandwidths of three passbands. It has an ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance with a reduced size with a functional bandwidth. A three passband was designed by two tri-band biasing networks where the impedance could be used to independently control the bandwidths of three passbands. By introducing slow wave transmission lines and coupled lines with series open-circuited stubs, a reduced size and ultra-wideband stopband can be obtained, respectively. Impedance matching, isolation, and a wider 3-dB fractional bandwidth can be obtained with values of 18.5%, 20.7%, and 13.0%, respectively, in each passband. In addition, more bands can be easily extended to the proposed power divider (PD) by introducing more open-circuited stubs in tri-band biasing networks.

The multi-band power divider is a power divider for a myrowave application of LTE 4G/5G mobile communication, or a power amplifier (PA) system, stably distributing 1/2 power from the input port 1 to each output port 2 and 3.

) 및 반사 손실(return loss,

)을 보인 그림이다. 8 is a photograph of a Gysel power divider PD1, a simulation result, and a measured insertion loss.

) And return loss,

).

이상의 고조파 억제(7

harmonics suppression)는 -20dB

기준으로 3개의 동작 주파수의 하모닉 성분을 억제하는 결과를 볼 수 있다. Referring to the photo of the 3-band Gysel power divider PD1 of FIG. 8, the minimum insertion loss and maximum return loss in the passband from 1.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz are- 33.7 dB and -3.1 dB. Also, 7

Suppression of abnormal harmonics (7

harmonics suppression) is -20dB

As a reference, you can see the result of suppressing the harmonic components of the three operating frequencies.

Block 1 of the design has the same parameters. The detailed calculations and optimized values of PD1 and the other two blocks are shown in Table 2.

= 2.5GHz 에서

= 50Ω,

= π/ 2의 요구 사항을 만족한다. The calculation of the slow wave transmission line (TL) is the center frequency of the power divider.

= At 2.5GHz

= 50Ω,

= π/2 is satisfied.

Table 2 compares the calculated and optimized values of blocks 2 and 5.

Table 3 compares the design characteristics of Wiilkinson PD and Gysel PD.

CF is the center frequency, FBW is the fractional bandwidth, S11 is the return loss, S21 is the insertion loss, S32 is the isolation, LE is the number of lumped elements, and VH is the number of via holes. Number, OR indicates Out of Band Rejection, HS indicates Harmonics Suppression.

IV. conclusion

Tri-band Gysel PD based on bandstop filters, slow-wave TLs (slow-wave TLs) and multi-band biasing networks has been successfully developed. In addition to the main advantages of improved return loss and low in-band insertion loss compared to the basic power divider (PD), the proposed power divider (PD) has ultra-wide harmonic suppression (ultra-wide). band harmonics suppression), size reduction, high power handling capability, bandwidth that can be controlled independently, and a simple structure. In addition, it is possible to easily introduce additional open-circuited stubs in the multi-band biasing networks with passbands. Therefore, in future products, it may be a standard for the development of multi-band and multi-functional Gysel PD (multi-band and multi-functional Gysel PD).

In addition, compared to the traditional Gysel PD, the proposed tri-band Gysel power divider provides higher power processing capability than Wilkinson PD, which is suitable for 5G mobile communication, and has a higher operating frequency than Wilkinson PD. In the example, the closed design equation designed and verified a tri-band Gysel power divider operating at 2.0 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 3.0 GHz operating frequencies, suppresses harmonic components, and reduces the circuit size to about 60% of the circuit size of Gysel PD. Reduced size.

As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention within the scope not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the following claims by those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field It will be appreciated that various modifications or variations can be implemented.

: 하모닉 성분을 억제하는 대역 차단 필터의 전기적인 길이

: 도 2(a)의 대역 차단 필터(band stop filter)의 등가 임피던스

: 결합 라인(coupled line)의 짝수-모드 입력 임피던스(even-mode input impedance)

: 결합 라인(coupled line)의 홀수-모드 입력 임피던스(odd-mode input impedance)

: 도 2(a)의 개방-엔드 스터브(open-end stub)의 임피던스

: 도 2(b)의 좌측 그림에서 port로부터 개방-엔드 스터브(open-end stub)로 본 짝수-모드 입력 임피던스(even-mode input impedance)

: 도 2(b)의 우측 그림에서 port로부터 개방-엔드 스터브(open-end stub)로 본 홀수-모드 입력 임피던스(odd-mode input impedance)

: 도 2(b)의 좌측 그림에서 개방-엔드 스터브(open-end stub)의 짝수-모드 입력 임피던스(even-mode input impedance)

: 다중 대역 위상 인버터(multi-band phase inverter)의 등가 임피던스

: 다중 대역 위상 인버터의 위상 응답 PD: power divider
θ: electrical length of the open stub of the power divider (PD)

: Electrical length of band cut filter that suppresses harmonic components

: Equivalent impedance of the band stop filter of FIG. 2(a)

: Even-mode input impedance of the coupled line

: Odd-mode input impedance of the coupled line

: Impedance of the open-end stub of Fig. 2(a)

: Even-mode input impedance seen from the port as an open-end stub in the left figure of Fig. 2(b)

: Odd-mode input impedance viewed from the port as an open-end stub in the right figure of Fig. 2(b)

: Even-mode input impedance of an open-end stub in the left figure of Fig. 2(b)

: Equivalent impedance of multi-band phase inverter

: Phase response of multi-band phase inverter

Claims (14)

Input port 1 provided on the left side of the multi-band power divider;
Output ports 2 and 3 of the multi-band power divider provided at upper and lower sides of the multi-band power divider, respectively;
The harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the output port 3 are symmetrically configured to be branched from the input port 1 and connected to the upper side and the lower side, respectively, and to remove the harmonic component of the operating frequency using a band cut filter (BSF) A harmonic component removal unit of the;
An open-end stub of the output port 2; And a shorted open-end stub of the output port 3;
A right 8-shaped transmission line part connected to the output ports 2 and 3;
A via hole provided in a right rectangular inner center of the output port 2 and the output port 3; And lumped insulation resistances R of upper and lower sides respectively provided symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the via hole and used as isolation resistors of the lumped elements,
The multi-band power divider removes the harmonic components of the harmonics of the operating frequency of the band cut filter (BSF), and has a reduced size of a circuit of a conventional power divider and has a reduced-size ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance. Geisel power divider. The method of claim 1,
The multi-band power divider is a tri-band Gysel Power Divider operating at 2.0 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 3.0 GHz center frequencies, and has a reduced size ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance. Band Geisel power divider. The method of claim 1,
The multi-band power divider operates at at least three or more center frequencies, and has a reduced sized ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance. The method of claim 1,
The band cut filter has a characteristic impedance

And a three-band Geisel power divider having a reduced-sized ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance, characterized in that it is a band cut filter having a phase response of π/4. The method of claim 1,
When the multi-band power divider is implemented as a 3-band Gysel power divider (PD1), a passband from 1.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz is performed by a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 2 and a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 3 ( passband), the minimum insertion loss and the maximum return loss are -33.7 dB and -3.1 dB, respectively. Divider. The method of claim 1,
When the multi-band power divider is implemented as a 3-band Gysel power divider (PD1), a passband from 1.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz is performed by a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 2 and a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 3 ( passband), -20dB

7 as standard

Suppression of abnormal harmonics (7

3-band Geisel power divider with ultra-wide-band harmonic suppression performance that suppresses harmonic components by harmonics suppression). The method of claim 1,
The multi-band power divider is a myrowave application of LTE 4G/5G mobile communication, or a power divider of a power amplifier (PA) system, stably distributing 1/2 power to each output port2,3. A 3-band Geisel power divider with reduced size and ultra-wideband harmonic suppression. Input port 1 provided on the left side of the multi-band power divider;
Output ports 2 and 3 of the multi-band power divider provided at upper and lower sides of the multi-band power divider, respectively;
The harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the output port 3 are symmetrically configured to be branched from the input port 1 and connected to the upper side and the lower side, respectively, and to remove the harmonic component of the operating frequency using a band cut filter (BSF) A harmonic component removal unit of the;
A slow wave transmission line is provided with a plurality of slow wave open stubs vertically symmetrically connected to the harmonic component removal unit of the output port 2 and the harmonic component removal unit of the output port 3, respectively. TLs);
An impedance matching unit formed on a trunk transmission line having a left rectangular structure;
A phase inverter of output port 2 and a phase inverter of output port 3 respectively connected in the vertical direction through the left rectangular trunk transmission line;
Open-end stubs of output port 2 formed on the left and right of the phase inverter of output port 2; And short-circuited open-end stubs of the output port 3 formed on the left and right of the phase inverter of the output port 3;
A right eight-shaped transmission line unit connected to the phase inverter of the output port 2 and the phase inverter of the output port 2;
A via hole provided in a rectangle of the phase inverter of the output port 2 and the phase inverter of the output port 3; And lumped insulation resistances (R) of upper and lower sides that are symmetrically provided on the upper and lower sides of the via hole, respectively, and used as isolation resistors of the lumped element,
The multi-band power divider removes the harmonic component of the harmonic of the operating frequency of the band cut filter (BSF), and has a reduced size of ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance, characterized in that the size is reduced compared to the size of the circuit of the existing power divider. Having a 3-band Geisel power divider. The method of claim 8,
The multi-band power divider is a tri-band Gysel Power Divider operating at 2.0 GHz, 2.5 GHz, and 3.0 GHz center frequencies, and has a reduced size ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance. Band Geisel power divider. The method of claim 8,
The multi-band power divider operates at at least three or more center frequencies, and has a reduced sized ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance. The method of claim 8,
The band cut filter has a characteristic impedance

And a three-band Geisel power divider having a reduced-sized ultra-wide band harmonic suppression performance, characterized in that it is a band cut filter having a phase response of π/4. The method of claim 8,
When the multi-band power divider is implemented as a 3-band Gysel power divider (PD1), a passband from 1.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz is performed by a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 2 and a harmonic component removing unit of the output port 3 ( passband), -20dB

7 as standard

Suppression of abnormal harmonics (7

3-band Geisel power divider with ultra-wide-band harmonic suppression performance that suppresses harmonic components by harmonics suppression). The method of claim 8,
The calculation of the slow wave transmission line part is a center frequency of the power divider.

= At 2.5GHz

= 50Ω,

= π/2, a 3-band Geisel power divider with a reduced-size ultra-wideband harmonic suppression performance. The method of claim 8,
The multi-band power divider is a myrowave application of LTE 4G/5G mobile communication, or a power divider of a power amplifier (PA) system, stably distributing 1/2 power to each output port2,3. A 3-band Geisel power divider with reduced size and ultra-wideband harmonic suppression.

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