KR102117045B1 - Apparatus and method for removing particulate matters by using ultrasound and coagulant - Google Patents

Abstract

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a microparticle removal apparatus for removing microparticles from a gas, comprising: a flocculant injector that injects a coagulant into a gas containing microparticles; An ultrasonic agglomeration unit that aggregates fine particles in the gas by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas passing through the coagulant injection unit; And a dust collecting part that collects and removes the agglomerated microparticles from the gas that has passed through the ultrasonic agglomeration part.

Description

Apparatus and method for removing particulate matters by using ultrasound and coagulant}

The present invention relates to a microparticle removal apparatus and a removal method for removing microparticles from a gas, and more specifically, microparticles that remove microparticles present in a gas such as flue gas, waste gas, or air using ultrasonic waves and coagulants. It relates to a removal device and method.

A dust collecting device for removing fine particles is essentially disposed in a device or a facility that generates fine particles, such as a power plant or an internal combustion engine, and an electrical dust collecting or mechanical dust collecting device is generally used.

Recently, a technique using ultrasound to collect fine particles has been studied. When ultrasonic waves are applied to the gas containing the microparticles, the gas is divided into a dense region and a small region, and the microparticles are collected in the dense region, and the microparticles can be more efficiently removed in the aggregated state.

However, in the case of ultrasonic dust collection, even if the fine particles are aggregated by applying ultrasonic waves to the fine particles, the cohesive force at this time is not high, so when flow is applied to the aggregated particles, the particles tend to be redispersed, so the ultrasonic dust collection method is implemented as a real device. In one case, there is a problem that the dust collection effect is not high.

Patent Document 1: Korean Patent Publication No. 2003-0057582 (published on July 7, 2003)

The present invention has been designed to solve the above problems, and aims to improve the dust collecting effect of the fine particles by further increasing the aggregation effect of the fine particles when using ultrasonic waves.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a microparticle removal apparatus for removing microparticles from a gas, comprising: a flocculant injector that injects a coagulant into a gas containing microparticles; An ultrasonic agglomeration unit that aggregates fine particles in the gas by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas passing through the coagulant injection unit; And a dust collecting part that collects and removes the agglomerated microparticles from the gas that has passed through the ultrasonic agglomeration part.

In one embodiment, the coagulant injector may be configured to inject a solid or liquid coagulant into the gas in the form of droplets or aerosols.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a microparticle removal method for removing microparticles from a gas, comprising: injecting a coagulant into a gas containing microparticles; Agglutinating the fine particles in the gas by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas injected with the flocculant; And collecting the aggregated microparticles to remove them from the gas.

In one embodiment, the step of injecting the flocculant may include spraying the flocculant of a solid or liquid toward the gas in the form of droplets or aerosols.

According to the present invention, by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas mixed with the fine particles and the flocculant to aggregate the fine particles, the aggregated particles are not redispersed even if they are impacted by an external force such as flow, thereby maintaining the aggregates, thereby improving the dust collection effect in the dust collecting part. There is an effect that can be improved.

1 is a block diagram of a microparticle removal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 2 is a view for explaining a fine particle removal apparatus according to an embodiment,
3 is a view for explaining the effect of removing fine particles using ultrasonic waves and flocculants,
4 is a view for explaining the dust collection efficiency according to the particle size.

The above objects, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily understood through the following preferred embodiments associated with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments introduced herein are provided to ensure that the disclosed contents are thorough and complete and that the spirit of the present invention is sufficiently conveyed to those skilled in the art.

In this specification, when a component is referred to as being on another component, it means that it may be formed directly on the other component, or a third component may be interposed between them. In addition, the thickness of the components in the drawings are exaggerated for effective description of the technical content.

In the present specification, when terms such as first and second are used to describe elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another component. The embodiments described and illustrated herein also include its complementary embodiments.

In the present specification, the singular form also includes the plural form unless otherwise specified in the phrase. As used herein,'comprise' and/or'comprising' does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In describing the specific embodiments below, various specific contents have been prepared to more specifically describe and understand the invention. However, a reader who has knowledge in this field to understand the present invention can recognize that it can be used without a variety of specific content. It should be noted that, in some instances, parts that are commonly known in describing the invention and that are not significantly related to the invention are not described in order to avoid confusion in describing the invention.

1 is a block diagram of a microparticle removal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The apparatus for removing fine particles of the present invention can be applied to any technical field for removing fine particles from a gas. For example, the apparatus for removing fine particles according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combustion facility, such as an internal combustion engine, a power station, etc., which discharges particulate matter, a workplace or production facility where a lot of fine dust is generated, or an air cleaner, etc. It can be applied to any device or equipment.

In addition, the microparticles to be removed from the microparticle removal apparatus of the present invention is any particle material having a size of 0.1 to 1.0 micrometer (μm), which means any one of microparticles, fine dust, dust, and fly ash. In the following, unless otherwise indicated, the term will be collectively referred to as "fine particles".

Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus for removing microparticles according to an embodiment may include a coagulant injection unit 10, an ultrasonic coagulation unit 20, and a dust collection unit 30. Gases including fine particles (for example, air, flue gas, waste gas, etc.) are transported to sequentially pass through the coagulant injection part 10, the ultrasonic cohesive part 20, and the dust collecting part 30 as indicated by arrows in the drawing. Fine particles in the gas are agglomerated and collected to remove.

The coagulant injection unit 10 injects a coagulant into the gas. The flocculant can be any component liquid or solid material capable of agglomerating microparticles. In one embodiment, water may be used as the flocculant, and any liquid or solid material that enhances cohesiveness may be added to the water as needed. Or alternatively, the flocculant may be in the form of cohesive solid microparticles dispersed or decomposed in solution.

The ultrasonic coagulation unit 20 applies ultrasonic waves to the gas that has passed through the coagulant injection unit 10 to aggregate fine particles in the gas. When ultrasonic waves are applied to the gas, the gas is divided into a dense area and a small area by ultrasonic waves, and the fine particles are collected in the dense area. (Hereinafter referred to as "aggregate").

As above, fine particles are aggregated and agglomerated in the ultrasonic agglomeration unit 20, so that a larger diameter aggregate can be made. At this time, according to the present invention, since the coagulant promotes and maintains the agglomeration of the fine particles, the agglomerates are not redispersed (degraded) while the agglomerates are discharged from the ultrasonic agglomerates 20 and transported to the dust collector 30. Can be maintained.

The gas that has passed through the ultrasonic aggregation unit 20 is transferred to the dust collecting unit 30, and the dust collecting unit 30 collects and removes fine particles in the gas. At this time, by the action of the coagulant, since the fine particles continue to maintain the form of agglomerates, the fine particles can be collected more effectively than in the prior art. The specific dust collecting method of the dust collecting part 30 may vary depending on the embodiment. For example, a method of removing (gravitational sedimentation) by the self-weight of agglomerates may be used, and in addition, one of a dust collecting method such as a cyclone, a filter, and electrostatic dust collecting, or a dust collector combined with them may be used.

Meanwhile, although not shown in FIG. 1, an apparatus for filtering large particles may be further added to the front end of the coagulant injection unit 10. That is, a filtering device such as a cyclone or an electrostatic precipitator may be disposed at the front end of the coagulant injection part 10 to primarily remove relatively large particles compared to the fine particles, and thus the relatively large particles are primarily removed. By doing so, it is possible to more effectively perform dust collection and removal afterwards.

2 is a view for explaining a fine particle removal apparatus according to an embodiment in more detail. For convenience of description, in FIG. 2, only the coagulant injection unit 10 and the ultrasonic coagulation unit 20 are schematically illustrated, and the dust collecting unit 30 is omitted.

Referring to the drawings, the coagulant injection unit 10 may include a storage unit 11, a transfer tube 12, and a spray nozzle (13). The storage unit 11 is a tank for storing coagulant. The coagulant stored in the storage unit 11 may be transferred to the injection nozzle 13 through the transfer pipe 12. The coagulant is injected into the delivery pipe 110 of the gas in the injection nozzle 13. Components such as pumps may be required to transport the flocculant, but the illustration is omitted for convenience of explanation.

In one embodiment, the coagulant may be a liquid or solid of any component capable of agglomerating the microparticles, or in an alternative embodiment, the microparticles of a cohesive solid may be dispersed or decomposed in solution. When the spray nozzle 13 sprays the flocculant into the transport pipe 110, the flocculant may be configured to spray liquid or solid flocculant in the form of droplets or aerosols. At this time, the size (diameter) of the droplet or aerosol of the coagulant to be sprayed is preferably, for example, a size similar to that of the microparticles to be removed.

To spray the flocculant through the spray nozzle 13 into fine droplets or aerosols, a technique such as an electric spray method or ultrasonic vibration can be used, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The ultrasonic agglomeration unit 20 aggregates fine particles in the gas by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas. In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonic aggregation unit 20 includes a chamber 250 and one or more ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 disposed on one side of the chamber.

The chamber 250 is a space accommodating the gas transferred to the ultrasonic aggregation unit 20 through the transfer pipe 110. The diameter of the chamber 250 may be the same as or larger than the transfer pipe 110. The chamber 250 may have a cylindrical shape or a cylindrical shape having a polygonal cross section such as a square pillar.

The ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 are arranged in a line on one side of the chamber 250 to generate ultrasonic waves, and the generated ultrasonic waves are transmitted toward the interior of the chamber 250. Although four ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 are illustrated in the drawing, the number of ultrasonic generators may vary according to specific embodiments. However, when a plurality of ultrasonic generators are installed, they may be arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the chamber (ie, the direction in which the gas is transported).

The principle of ultrasonic generation or the specific structure of the ultrasonic generator is a publicly known technology, so a description thereof will be omitted. However, in the drawings, each of the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 is shown as having one ultrasonic vibration unit 211, 221, 231, 241. The ultrasonic vibration units 211, 221, 231, and 241 are formed toward the inside of the chamber 250 and may be formed of circular (or polygonal or polygonal) plates capable of vibrating at a frequency corresponding to ultrasonic waves. Accordingly, for example, when vibrations of ultrasonic frequencies are generated by the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240, the ultrasonic vibration units 211, 221, 231, and 241 may amplify ultrasonic waves by vibration and transmit the ultrasonic waves to the interior of the chamber 250.

As shown in the figure, in one embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration units 211, 221, 231, and 241 are arranged to transmit ultrasonic waves in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the gas. The transmitted ultrasonic waves are reflected from the surface 251 opposite to the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 in the chamber 250 and returned to the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240, at this time, between the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, 240 and the opposite surface 251. It may be desirable that the distance is a multiple of the ultrasonic wavelength. Accordingly, while the wavelengths of the ultrasonic waves reflected and progressed between the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 overlap, the dense and small regions are efficiently generated, and the microparticles in the gas are concentrated in the dense regions. Gather. The fine particles collected in the dense area are aggregated by the coagulant to become agglomerates (that is, agglomerates), and are transferred to the dust collecting part 30 through the gas transport pipe 120 in this state.

Figure 3 shows the effect of removing the fine particles by using the ultrasonic waves and coagulants of the present invention in comparison with the prior art, Figure 3 (a) is when no coagulant is used and Figure 3 (b) is a coagulant The microparticle agglomeration behavior when using is schematically illustrated.

First, referring to FIG. 3(a), the gas introduced into the ultrasonic transfer unit 20 through the transfer pipe 110 is aggregated in a dense region by ultrasonic waves transmitted from the ultrasonic generators 210, 220, 230, and 240 to form aggregates. The agglomerates are discharged from the ultrasonic agglomeration section 20 through the transport pipe 120 and transferred to the dust collection section 30 side. However, ultrasonic waves are not applied to the path through which the agglomerates are transferred through the transfer pipe 120, and when the external force is applied due to gas flow or turbulence, the agglomerates are dispersed.

However, in the embodiment of the present invention of FIG. 3(b), the above problem can be solved. 3(b), when the flocculant is supplied to the conveying pipe 110 through the spray nozzle 13 of the flocculant injection part 10, the fine particles and flocculants are transported together to the ultrasonic flocculation part 20, ultrasonic When the fine particles are agglomerated by, the agglomeration phenomenon is activated and promoted by the coagulant.

At this time, it is preferable to use a coagulant of the same or similar size to the size of the fine particles in order to facilitate the above-described coagulation phenomenon in the ultrasonic coagulation unit 20. For example, when the size of the fine particles to be agglomerated is between 0.1 and 1.0 μm, the size of the droplets or aerosols of the flocculant sprayed through the spray nozzle 13 is also preferably sprayed with the same or similar size. In this case, since the fine particles and the coagulant move in a similar behavior, the fine particles and the coagulant are uniformly mixed, and the fine particles can be harder and densely agglomerated around the coagulant.

In one embodiment, by the aggregation phenomenon as described above in the ultrasonic aggregation unit 20, for example, an aggregate having a diameter of several times or more of the fine particles may be formed. Since the fine particles in the agglomerates are tightly and densely agglomerated by the coagulant, the agglomerates are not dispersed and the agglomerates can be maintained while the agglomerates are discharged from the ultrasonic agglomerates 20 and transferred to the dust collectors 30. ) Can further increase the dust collection effect.

4 is a graph for explaining dust collection efficiency according to particle size. In the graph, the horizontal axis represents the size (diameter) of the fine particles, and the vertical axis represents the collection efficiency.

According to the graph, in general, when the microparticle diameter is 0.1 µm or less, it can be collected by a diffusion method, and when the microparticle diameter is 0.5 µm or more, it can be collected by a method such as inertial collision. However, when the microparticle diameter is between 0.1 and 0.5 μm, neither diffusion nor inertial collision is effective, so the collection efficiency is low. Even when the diameter is between 0.5 and 1.0 μm, it is desirable to collect by inertial collision method, but the collection efficiency itself is not high. It can be seen that it does not.

However, when the microparticle removal apparatus according to the present invention is used as a target for fine particles having a low dust collection efficiency of 0.1 to 1.0 μm, the dust collection efficiency can be increased. That is, the microparticles having a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 µm are made into aggregates of at least 0.5 µm or more, preferably 1.0 µm or more using a flocculant and ultrasonic waves, and the aggregates are not dispersed until reaching the dust collecting part 30. . Therefore, in the dust collecting part 30, aggregates can be removed with high efficiency, for example, by a method such as inertial collision. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to remove fine particles with high efficiency even for fine particles having a low dust collection efficiency of 0.1 to 1.0 μm.

As such, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible from the description of this specification. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be determined not only by the following claims, but also by the claims and equivalents.

10: Coagulant injection part
20: ultrasonic agglomeration
30: dust collector

Claims (9)

A fine particle removal device for removing fine particles from a gas,
Coagulant injection unit 10 for injecting a coagulant into the gas containing the fine particles;
An ultrasonic agglomeration unit 20 for agglomeration of fine particles in the gas by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas passing through the coagulant injection unit; And
It includes; a dust collecting part 30 for collecting and removing the agglomerated fine particles from the gas that has passed through the ultrasonic agglomeration part.
The ultrasonic agglomeration unit 20 includes a chamber accommodating the gas and an ultrasonic generator disposed on one side of the chamber,
By transmitting ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic generator toward the interior of the chamber, a gas dense region and a small region are generated inside the chamber, so that the fine particles and the coagulant gather in the dense region to form aggregates, and the aggregates reach the dust collecting part. A device for removing fine particles, characterized in that it is not dispersed until it is retained as an aggregate. According to claim 1,
The coagulant injection unit 10, a fine particle removal device, characterized in that configured to inject a solid or liquid coagulant in the form of droplets (droplet) or aerosol toward the gas. According to claim 2,
The flocculant has the same or similar size to the microparticles, the flocculant having a size of between 0.1 micrometers and 1.0 micrometers. The method of claim 3,
The ultrasonic generator is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic generators (210,220,230,240) arranged along the longitudinal direction of the chamber,
Each of the ultrasonic generators includes an ultrasonic vibration unit (211,221,231,241) formed toward the interior of the chamber, and the ultrasonic particle generated by the ultrasonic generator is transmitted through the ultrasonic vibration unit to the inside of the chamber. The method of claim 4,
A device for removing fine particles, characterized in that each of the ultrasonic vibration units is configured to transmit ultrasonic waves in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the gas, so that aggregates are aggregated along the transport direction of the gas. As a method for removing fine particles to remove fine particles from the gas,
Injecting a coagulant into the gas containing the fine particles;
Aggregating fine particles in the gas by applying ultrasonic waves to the gas injected with the flocculant; And
Containing the aggregated fine particles to remove from the gas; includes,
The step of agglomerating the fine particles is performed in an ultrasonic agglomeration unit having a chamber for receiving gas and a plurality of ultrasonic generators arranged along a transport direction of the gas on one side of the chamber,
When the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic generator is transmitted toward the inside of the chamber to generate a dense region and a small region of gas inside the chamber, when fine particles and flocculants gather in a dense region to form aggregates, and when these aggregates reach the dust collecting part Microparticles removal method characterized in that it is not dispersed until it is maintained as an aggregate. The method of claim 6,
The step of injecting the flocculant comprises the step of spraying the flocculant of a solid or liquid toward the gas in the form of droplets or aerosols. The method of claim 7,
The flocculant has the same or similar size to the microparticles, but the flocculant has a size between 0.1 micrometers and 1.0 micrometers. The method of claim 8,
Each of the generators are configured to transmit ultrasonic waves in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the gas, so that the aggregates are configured to aggregate along the transport direction of the gas.

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