KR102115210B1 - Earthquake recording system by 3-axis seismic wave sensing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a technical idea including: a seismic wave sensing unit which senses a seismic wave transferred to the ground surface, calculates the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave (referred to as seismic wave information, the same applies hereinafter), and derives the seismic center; a position sensing unit which detects GPS signals from an N number of satellites transmitted to the ground surface and calculates the location information of the ground surface; and a data processing unit which transmits seismic wave prediction information to an adjacent external server based on the seismic wave information and the seismic center information calculated by the seismic wave sensing unit and the location information of the ground surface calculated by the position sensing unit.

Description

Earthquake recording system by 3-axis seismic wave sensing

The present invention relates to an earthquake recording system through three-axis-based seismic wave sensing, and more specifically, a system for sensing seismic waves to calculate seismic wave information and epicenter information, and to transmit predictive information of seismic waves based on location information on the ground surface. It is related to the technical field.

An earthquake is a phenomenon in which a sudden tectonic shift occurs at a certain point inside the earth, and the seismic wave, which is a wave generated by the impact, is transmitted to the surface of the earth to vibrate the ground, and the deformation force stored in the crust is changed into elastic vibration energy and released rapidly. Earthquakes occur deep in the earth's crust. At this time, the point where the energy was first released is called the epicenter, and the surface of the line that connects this point and the center of the earth is called the epicenter.

When an earthquake occurs at the epicenter, a part of the elastic energy stored in the rock around that point is transmitted to the elastic wave in all directions, which is an earthquake wave. There are two types of seismic waves: the P wave and the S wave, which are the actual waves that pass deep inside the Earth. When the P wave passes through a medium like a sound wave, the traveling direction and the vibration direction of the wave are the same, and they arrive first, so the primary wave (P wave) ) And repeatedly compresses and expands, causing a volume change. The sect passes through all media of solids, liquids and gases. The S wave is a transverse wave that vibrates in the vertical direction of the wave's traveling direction, so it arrives the second time and is called a secondary wave (S wave). S waves can only pass through solids.

Seismic monitoring requires an acceleration sensor capable of detecting seismic acceleration, which is a type of mechanical inertial sensor composed of an inertial mass, mechanical stiffness, and damping part to measure the inertial force, and detects the position of a mass that changes depending on the inertial force. Most of the existing sensors for seismographs are large in volume and power consumption, and have high prices. In particular, there are limitations in terms of miniaturization, and some products only detect a single direction, so if placed in space to measure three axes, it will have to be very bulky. However, using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology, silicon wafer In semiconductor processing, it is possible to manufacture a large number of sensors in a batch process.Since the mechanical properties of silicon materials are similar to iron, a mechanical vibration structure composed of mass and spring can be created to solve the problem while compensating for the existing seismometer sensor. do.

As an example of a prior patent document related to this, there is a “seismic detection system” (registration number 10-1128491, hereinafter referred to as patent document 1).

In the case of patent document 1, the present invention includes a dip switch that automatically generates a unique ID for Ethernet communication in an earthquake monitoring system, and an earthquake sensor installed at a specific location on a ground or structure to sense vibration signals generated during an earthquake. A seismograph consisting of a controller that receives time information, periodically performs time synchronization, and transmits sensor values sensed by the seismic sensor through Ethernet communication based on the unique ID; The time information received from the Real Time Clock is corrected to the time information received from the GPS module or NTP (Network Time Protocol) module, and transmitted to the seismograph, and the time information received from the GPS module or NTP module. And an earthquake monitoring PC that corrects the time of the real time clock. Through this, the present invention is effective in monitoring the occurrence of an earthquake in real time by receiving sensor values sensed by a plurality of seismometers installed on a ground or a structure in real time through Ethernet communication. In addition, the present invention has an effect that the number of channels can be easily expanded by connecting a number of seismometers installed on a ground or structure performing innernet communication in a cascade manner using a switching hub. In addition, the present invention has the effect of accurately detecting and measuring the time of an earthquake by realizing time synchronization through time information collected using a GPS module, RTC, and NTP module for multiple seismometers installed on a ground or structure. .

As an example of another patent document, there is “Seismic recorder equipped with a microelectromechanical accelerometer” (Registration No. 10-1514817, hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 2).

In the case of Patent Document 2, the present invention relates to an earthquake recorder equipped with a microelectromechanical accelerometer, and more specifically, by including an accelerometer and a recorder in one device, minimizing the distortion of the seismic wave and measuring an accurate seismic wave. The present invention relates to an earthquake recorder equipped with a microelectromechanical accelerometer that can minimize power consumption and reduce maintenance costs. The present invention for achieving the above object is an acceleration sensor for detecting an earthquake wave, an A / D converter for converting the analog signal of the acceleration sensor into a digital signal, and a digital for processing the digital signal converted by the A / D converter. A signal processor, a communication unit for transmitting the seismic wave processed by the digital signal processor to a remote location, a storage unit for storing the seismic wave processed by the digital signal processor, the acceleration sensor, A / D converter, digital signal processor, and communication unit And a central processing unit that controls the storage unit.

However, Patent Document 1 has the advantage of monitoring the occurrence of earthquakes in real time by receiving sensor values sensed by multiple seismometers in real-time through Ethernet communication, but each seismometer includes various signals as well as seismic waves and determines them. There is a problem that it is difficult to accurately detect seismic waves by using a mechanical sensor.

In the case of Patent Document 2, it is possible to accurately measure the seismic wave through an accelerometer made of microelectromechanical, and it has the advantage of operating the device using only power through a communication network. The technical idea of calculating the location information of has not been disclosed.

Registration No. 10-1128491 Registration No. 10-1514817

The seismic recording system through the 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to the present invention has been devised to solve the conventional problems as described above, and presents the following problems to be solved.

First, we want to measure accurate seismic wave information in order to systematically manage the prevention and follow-up of disasters and disasters caused by earthquakes.

Second, in order to sense the seismic wave transmitted to the surface, the acceleration representing the magnitude of the vibration accompanying the earthquake is calculated by the 3-axis sensing unit of the microelectromechanical system to detect the seismic wave.

The problem of the present invention is not limited to those mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

The seismic recording system through 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to the present invention has the following problem solving means for the above-mentioned problems.

The seismic recording system through the 3-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to the present invention senses the seismic wave transmitted to the ground surface, and the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave (the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave are referred to as 'seismic wave information'. Seismic wave sensing unit that calculates and derives epicenter information of the seismic wave; A position sensing unit that senses a GPS signal from N satellites transmitted to the surface, and calculates position information of the surface; And a data processing unit that transmits prediction information of the seismic wave to an adjacent external server based on the seismic wave information calculated by the seismic wave sensing unit, the epicenter information, and the positional information of the surface calculated by the position sensing unit. It can be characterized by.

The seismic wave sensing unit of the seismic recording system through the 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to the present invention includes three orthogonal x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis orthogonal axes. The y-axis is orthogonal to each other and has a two-dimensional plane, parallel to the ground surface, and the z-axis intersects the point at which the x-axis and y-axis intersect and stands vertically from the surface, and A three-axis sensing unit for detecting seismic wave information, respectively; A direction calculating unit calculating direction information of the seismic wave information through the three-axis sensing unit; And a size calculator configured to calculate size information of the seismic wave information through the 3-axis sensing unit.

The seismic wave sensing unit of the seismic recording system using the 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to the present invention calculates acceleration information of the z-axis from the 3-axis sensing unit and calculates S-wave information from the seismic wave information. Calculation unit; And a P-wave calculator that calculates acceleration information of the x-axis and y-axis from the 3-axis sensing unit and calculates P-wave information from the seismic wave information.

The three-axis sensing unit of the seismic recording system through the three-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to the present invention is fixedly disposed in a certain space, a first electrode unit to which a predetermined AC current is applied; A second electrode part spaced apart from the first electrode part in parallel by a predetermined distance (d1 + d2) and inducing electric charges against the pole opposite to the first electrode part; And a space between the first electrode part and the second electrode part, spaced apart by a first distance d1 from the first electrode part, and a second distance d2 from the second electrode part. ), And the sum of the first distance and the second distance is constant, and the first distance (d1) and the second distance (d2) include a floating electrode part to be a variable. can do.

The three-axis sensing unit of the seismic recording system through the three-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to the present invention, a first substrate unit forming a fixed one side wall surface; A second substrate portion spaced apart from the first substrate portion to form a fixed other side wall surface; And fluidly connected through the first substrate portion and the first elastic portion, fluidly connected through the second substrate portion and the second elastic portion, holding the flow electrode portion, and holding the flow electrode portion to flow through the external force applied from the outside. By changing the first distance (d1) and the second distance (d2) of the electrode portion, the first impedance (z1) between the first electrode portion and the floating electrode portion and the second electrode portion and the floating electrode portion 2 It may be characterized in that it further comprises a flow mass portion for changing the impedance (z2).

The seismic recording system through the 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to the present invention having the above configuration provides the following effects.

First, it is possible to calculate seismic wave information to systematically manage the prevention and follow-up of disasters and disasters caused by earthquakes, and to derive epicenter information.

Second, seismic wave information using the 3-axis sensing unit of the microelectromechanical system can be calculated, and prediction information of the seismic wave can be transmitted based on the location information on the surface of the surface.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

1 is a conceptual diagram of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram of a seismic wave sensing unit of an earthquake recording system using 3 axis-based seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a conceptual diagram of a 3-axis sensing unit of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a block diagram of a 3-axis sensing unit of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a conceptual diagram of a 3-axis sensing unit of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The seismic recording system through three-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to the present invention can apply various changes and have various embodiments, and specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, and should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the technical spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

1 is a conceptual diagram of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a block diagram of a seismic wave sensing unit of an earthquake recording system using 3 axis-based seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a 3-axis sensing unit of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a block diagram of a 3-axis sensing unit of an earthquake recording system using 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a 3-axis sensing unit of an earthquake recording system through 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the case of the seismic recording system using the 3-axis seismic wave sensing according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, in the seismic wave sensing, the seismic wave sensing unit 100 and the position sensing unit 200, data The processing unit 300 will be included.

First, the seismic wave sensing unit 100 senses the seismic wave transmitted to the ground surface, calculates the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave, and derives the epicenter information of the seismic wave. Here, the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave is called “seismic wave information”. Same as below.

Earthquakes are caused by sudden movement of a part of the rocks constituting the Earth due to the energy accumulated inside the Earth, and seismic waves are generated. Earthquakes are elastic waves that propagate the inside or the surface of the Earth. The ground shakes at the point where the seismic waves arrive, and this shake is called an earthquake. The epicenter is the source of the earthquake, and is the first place where energy is released. The surface point just above the epicenter is called epicenter.

The position sensing unit 200 detects a GPS signal from N satellites transmitted from the ground surface, and calculates position information on the surface.

The GPS positioning principle uses the principle of triangulation. In the surveying method used in civil engineering and cadastral surveying, the position of an unknown point is determined by measuring the size and length of the sides of two angles excluding that point, whereas the GPS positioning is two. The difference from triangulation is that the position of an unknown point is determined by measuring the length of the side. In other words, a typical surveying method can measure the angle and length of the two sides, and a GPS survey can measure the length of the two sides. For positioning, it is necessary to know the distance between the GPS satellite location using the triangulation method and the GPS ground surface based on the above survey method. The satellite carries a C / A code on the L1 (1575.42 MHz) frequency and generates the same code as the satellite signal on the surface, compares it with the received satellite code, and measures the time required for the satellite signal to reach the surface. If the pseudo range between the satellite and the surface is measured by the speed (light velocity) of the satellite signal, the distance between the satellite i and the surface is calculated.If the distance is measured by observing 4 satellites, the position of the surface is measured. can do.

The data processing unit 300 transmits the prediction information of the seismic wave to an adjacent external server based on the seismic wave information calculated by the seismic wave sensing unit 100, the epicenter information, and the positional information of the ground surface calculated by the position sensing unit 200. do.

In addition, in the data processing unit 300, the calculated seismic wave information value is converted into a digital electric signal through an analog-to-digital converter for digital processing, and a sampling rate for converting an analog signal into a digital signal by separating data collection and processing. It is possible to set the value from 100 samplings per second to 500 samplings per second, and the format of the output data is preferably output in Rs-485 communication (mini-seed format), 4-20mA for use in building control and industrial use. Do.

As shown in FIG. 2, the seismic wave sensing unit 100 includes a 3-axis sensing unit 110, a direction calculating unit 120, a size calculating unit 130, an S wave calculating unit 140, and a P wave calculating unit ( 150).

First, in the case of the 3-axis sensing unit 110, as shown in FIG. 3, three orthogonal x-axis, y-axis, and a z-axis orthogonal axis consisting of, but the x-axis and y-axis is provided It is mutually orthogonal and has a two-dimensional plane, parallel to the ground surface, and the z-axis intersects points at which the x-axis and y-axis intersect, and stands vertically from the surface, and detects the seismic wave information for each orthogonal axis. .

Here, the three-axis sensing unit 110 can measure vibrations in each direction of the three axes at the same time, and it is preferable to measure linear acceleration or measure each motion along a single axis or a plurality of axes of each axis.

The direction calculating unit 120 calculates the direction information of the information of the seismic wave through the three-axis sensing unit 110. In the direction calculator 120, it is preferable to calculate the direction information of the seismic wave along each of the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis.

The size calculating unit 130 calculates the size information of the seismic wave information through the 3-axis sensing unit 110. It is preferable that the magnitude calculator 130 calculates magnitude information of the seismic wave along each of the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis.

The S-wave calculation unit 140 calculates acceleration information of the z-axis from the 3-axis sensing unit 110 and calculates S-wave information from the earthquake wave information.

Real wave refers to a wave that propagates from the epicenter to the inside of the Earth among seismic waves, and the real wave that causes a change in form is called a S (Secondary wave) wave or a transverse wave. The S-wave propagates slowly at a speed of about 3.5-4 km per second, and when the S-wave is transmitted, the particles in the rock move vertically with respect to the traveling direction of the wave, so to calculate acceleration information of the S-wave, the 3-axis sensing unit It is preferable to calculate the acceleration information in the z-axis direction which becomes the orthogonal axis at (110).

The P-wave calculator 150 calculates acceleration information of the x-axis and y-axis from the 3-axis sensing unit 110 and calculates P-wave information from the seismic wave information.

The actual wave that causes the change of the actual wave volume is called a P (Primary wave) wave or a longitudinal wave, and the P wave transmits force as the material moves in the traveling direction. Since the speed of the P wave is about 6-7 km per second, and the movement of particles in the rock when transmitted is parallel to the traveling direction of the wave, in order to calculate the acceleration information of the P wave, the 2-dimensional in the 3-axis sensing unit 110 It is preferable to calculate acceleration information of the x-axis and the y-axis parallel to the ground surface by having a plane. In addition, since a fast P wave is detected first, it is preferable to issue an early warning by propagating an alarm, before the slow S wave arrives.

In the case of the three-axis sensing unit 110 of the seismic recording system through the three-axis-based seismic wave sensing according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the first electrode unit A1, the second electrode unit A2, The flow electrode part A3, the first substrate part A4, the second substrate part A5, and the flow mass part A6 are included.

What is generated by the 3-axis sensing unit 110 is the force captured by the force-detection mechanism, so the 3-axis sensing unit 110 is actually measuring the force, not the acceleration, and is basically the force applied to one of the accelerometer axes. Is to measure the acceleration indirectly. The 3-axis sensing unit 110 is a system that includes holes, cavities, springs, and channels in a micrometer-level microstructure and is combined as an electromechanical device. It is manufactured using micro-machining technology and is made of a multi-layer wafer process. Acceleration force is measured by detecting the displacement of the mass.

In addition, a general sensing method used in the 3-axis sensing unit 110 is capacitive sensing. Here, the acceleration is related to a change in capacitance in a moving mass, which is known to have a high accuracy, stability, low power consumption, and a structure that is easy to manufacture, and noise and vibration do not easily occur due to temperature changes.

First, the first electrode part A1 is fixedly arranged in a predetermined space, and a predetermined alternating current is applied.

The second electrode part A2 is arranged to be spaced apart from the first electrode part A1 in parallel by a predetermined distance d1 + d2, and electric charges are induced to the pole opposite to the first electrode part A1.

The flow electrode part A3 is disposed in a space between the first electrode part A1 and the second electrode part A2, and is spaced apart from the first electrode part A1 by a first distance d1. The second electrode part A2 is spaced apart by a second distance d2, and the sum of the first distance and the second distance is constant, and the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are variables. It is preferred.

Here, it is preferable that the first electrode part A1, the second electrode part A2, and the flow electrode part are all connected in a parallel configuration, and this configuration enables more accurate detection by generating a larger change in capacitance. .

The first substrate portion A4 forms a fixed one side wall surface.

It is preferable that the second substrate portion A5 is spaced apart from the first substrate portion A4 to form a fixed other wall surface.

The flow mass part A6 is fluidly connected through the first substrate part A4 and the first elastic part A7, and fluidly connected through the second substrate part A5 and the second elastic part A8. , Holding the floating electrode portion A3, and changing the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 of the flowing electrode portion A3 by an external force applied from the outside to flow with the first electrode portion A1. The first impedance z1 between the electrode portion A3 and the second impedance z2 between the second electrode portion A2 and the floating electrode portion A3 are changed.

The flow mass portion A6 is composed of a single movable single plane, and the two fixed first substrate portions A4 and the second substrate portions A5 are preferably silicon wafer substrates, and the first elastic portion It is arranged along (A7) and the second elastic portion (A8).

(

0=유전율, A=전극 간 중첩 영역, d=평판 거리) 식으로 계산할 수 있으며, 정전용량에 따른 임피던스(Z)의 값은

(w=각속도, C=정전용량) 이다.In addition, the movement of the flow mass section A6 is related to the first distance d1 and the second distance d2, thereby causing a change in the capacitance, and calculating the difference in the capacitance, the flow mass section A6 ) And displacement in that direction. In addition, a change in impedance can be obtained from the capacitance. Capacitance (C) is

(

0 = dielectric constant, A = overlapping area between electrodes, d = flat plate distance), and the value of impedance (Z) depending on the capacitance

(w = angular velocity, C = electrostatic capacity).

As shown in FIG. 5, when the first distance d1 is greater than the second distance d2 according to the movement of the flow mass part A6, the direction of acceleration becomes the upward direction of the flow mass part A6, The impedance value is greater than the first impedance z1 and the second impedance z2. On the other hand, when the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance d2 according to the movement of the flow mass part A6, the direction of acceleration becomes the downward direction of the flow mass part A6, and the impedance value is The first impedance z1 becomes smaller than the second impedance z2. If the sizes of the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are the same, the acceleration motion does not occur and the value of the first impedance z1 and the value of the second impedance z2 are also the same.

The scope of the rights of the present invention is determined by the matters described in the claims, and the parentheses used in the claims are not used for selective limitation, but are used for clear components, and the descriptions in parentheses are also interpreted as essential components. Should be.

100: seismic wave sensing unit
110: 3-axis sensing unit
120: direction calculator
130: size calculation unit
140: S-wave calculator
150: P wave calculation unit
200: position sensing unit
300: data processing unit
A1: first electrode part
A2: Second electrode section
A3: floating electrode part
A4: First substrate section
A5: Second substrate section
A6: floating mass section
A7: 1st elastic part
A8: Second elastic part

Claims (5)

A seismic wave sensing unit that senses the seismic wave transmitted to the surface, calculates the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave (the acceleration and magnitude of the seismic wave is referred to as “seismic wave information” below).
A position sensing unit that senses a GPS signal from N satellites transmitted to the surface, and calculates position information of the surface;
And a data processing unit that transmits prediction information of the seismic wave to an adjacent external server based on the seismic wave information calculated by the seismic wave sensing unit, the epicenter information, and the position information of the ground surface calculated by the position sensing unit. ,
The seismic wave sensing unit,
It has three orthogonal x-axis, y-axis and orthogonal axis consisting of z-axis, wherein the x-axis and y-axis is mutually orthogonal and has a two-dimensional plane parallel to the ground surface, the z-axis is the a three-axis sensing unit that intersects a point where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect and stands vertically from the surface, and detects the seismic wave information for each orthogonal axis;
A direction calculating unit calculating direction information of the seismic wave information through the three-axis sensing unit;
A size calculating unit calculating size information of the seismic wave information through the three-axis sensing unit;
An S-wave calculation unit calculating acceleration information of the z-axis from the 3-axis sensing unit and calculating S-wave information from the earthquake wave information; And
And a P-wave calculator for calculating P-wave information from the seismic wave information by calculating acceleration information of the x-axis and y-axis from the 3-axis sensing unit,
The three-axis sensing unit,
A first electrode unit fixedly arranged in a predetermined space and to which a predetermined alternating current is applied;
A second electrode part spaced apart from the first electrode part in parallel by a predetermined distance (d1 + d2) and inducing electric charges against the pole opposite to the first electrode part;
It is disposed in a space between the first electrode part and the second electrode part, and is spaced apart by a first distance d1 from the first electrode part, and a second distance d2 from the second electrode part. Spaced apart from each other, the sum of the first distance and the second distance is constant, and the flow electrode unit to make the first distance (d1) and the second distance (d2) variable.
A first substrate portion forming a fixed one side wall surface;
A second substrate portion spaced apart from the first substrate portion to form a fixed other side wall surface; And
The first substrate portion and the first elastic portion are fluidly connected, the second substrate portion and the second elastic portion are fluidly connected, and the holding the floating electrode portion, the flow electrode by an external force applied from the outside By changing the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 of the negative, the first impedance z1 between the first electrode part and the floating electrode part and the second distance between the second electrode part and the floating electrode part Seismic recording system through a three-axis-based seismic wave sensing, characterized in that it comprises a flow mass section for changing the impedance (z2).
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