KR102098118B1 - Methods capable of measuring particulates matter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method enabling fine particles measurement. The method comprises: a measurement step of a particle measurement unit measuring fine particles flowing through a nozzle formed in a tubular shape; a first evaluation step of an evaluation model unit evaluating the volume of the fine particles based on software in association with the particle measurement unit of the measurement step; a second evaluation step of an evaluation process unit evaluating the volume and size distribution of the fine particles, integral of the fine particles over the size and the time, and the volume concentration of the fine particles, respectively in association with the evaluation model unit of the first evaluation step; a supply step of a purge supply unit supplying purge to the inside a probe by associating one end of the nozzle to one external end of the probe which is inserted inside; and a control step of a speed controller controlling the speed of the purge supplied inside the probe, the speed controller disposed adjacent to the probe, thereby continuously monitoring the characteristics of the fine particles, such as the concentration, size distribution, and particle grade of the fine particles extracted from atmospheric or exhaust gases to improve reliability of the fine particle monitoring.

Description

METHODS CAPABLE OF MEASURING PARTICULATES MATTER

The present invention relates to a method capable of measuring particulates, and more specifically, since particulate properties such as concentration, size distribution, particle grade, etc. of extracted fine particles in atmospheric gas or exhaust gas can be continuously monitored. It relates to a method capable of measuring fine particles capable of improving reliability.

In general, in marine combustion facilities or onshore plants handling petrochemical products, various types of harmful substances harmful to the human body are generated in the combustion process and are discharged in the form of exhaust gas.

The above-mentioned harmful substances include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and ammonia, and since these harmful substances are not only harmful to the human body, but also have a great effect on the environment, exhaust gas emissions are worldwide. It is under legal / administrative regulation.

Therefore, in places where a large amount of exhaust gas is generated, such as a marine combustion facility, an on-shore plant, etc., a part of the exhaust gas discharged through the exhaust duct is provided and an analyzer that analyzes various components of the exhaust gas at all times is provided. Take appropriate action.

As a method of analyzing and measuring the components of the exhaust gas discharged through the exhaust duct, sampling is performed by extracting some samples of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust duct and sending them through a sampling line to a measuring instrument installed at a specific location. There are (Sampling) measurement method and an in-situ measurement method that measures and analyzes the components of exhaust gas in real time in the field by directly inserting a probe into the exhaust duct.

In recent years, since the suitability of exhaust gas is most accurately measured directly from the exhaust duct, an in-situ measurement method is preferred.

However, some of the exhaust gas flowing into the probe may be mixed with other foreign matter such as moisture or ash, which is a factor that hinders the accuracy of the gas analysis.

In addition, there is a problem that a separate purge device must be provided to remove foreign substances such as moisture or ash remaining in the probe, which complicates the configuration of the device and increases equipment cost. There is.

Related prior arts include Patent Registration No. 10-1793550 (name of invention: exhaust gas component analysis system and exhaust gas component analysis method, registration date: October 30, 2017) and published patent publication No. 10-2017-0088929 (Invention Name: Exhaust Gas Sampling System and Method of Operation of Exhaust Gas Sampling System of this Type, Publication Date: August 02, 2017).

The present invention was devised to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and it is possible to continuously monitor the characteristics of the fine particles, such as the concentration, size distribution, and fine particle grade of the fine particles extracted from the atmospheric gas or exhaust gas, thereby monitoring the fine particles. An object of the present invention is a method capable of measuring particulates that can improve reliability.

Other objects of the present invention can be understood through the features of the present invention, can be more clearly seen through the embodiments of the present invention, can be realized by means and combinations shown in the claims.

In order to achieve the problems to be solved by the present invention as described above, the present invention has the following technical features.

A method for measuring particulates according to the present invention includes: a measuring step of measuring particulates flowing into a nozzle formed in a tubular shape by a particle measuring unit; A first evaluation step of evaluating the volume of the fine particles by an evaluation model unit based on software in connection with the particle measurement unit of the measurement step; A second evaluation step of evaluating the volume size distribution of the fine particles, the integration with respect to the size and time of the fine particles, and the volume concentration of the fine particles, respectively, in connection with the evaluation model part of the first evaluation step; A supply step of supplying a purge to the inside of the probe by means of a purge supply part in connection with one end of the probe into which one end of the nozzle is inserted; And a control step provided adjacent to the probe to control the speed of the purge supplied to the inside of the probe by a speed controller. It is made including.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, the probe is configured with a purge tube and a sampling tube inside, and the purge tube is configured inside the probe, and the sampling tube is configured inside the purge tube.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, a speed sensor is provided in the sampling tube to determine the flow rate of the sampling tube, and transmits the determined flow rate signal to the speed control unit.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, a speed sensor head is provided around the outer circumferential surface of the sampling tube, and is provided in the sampling tube exposed to the outside of the probe, and is connected to the speed controller.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, the purge supplied to the inside of the probe is generated by a compressor or a blower provided adjacent to the purge supply.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, a bypass valve is connected to the compressor, and the bypass valve controls the flow of the purge supplied to the inside of the probe.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, an ultrasonic flow meter is provided adjacent to the inlet of the probe to measure the flow rate.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, a mass flow sensor is provided on the sampling tube exposed to the outside of the probe, and a channel and temperature are transmitted in connection with the speed control unit.

In the method for measuring particulates according to the present invention, a measurement volume is formed between the light source and the photodetector to generate an air cushion in which the light source and the photodetector block contamination of the particulates.

The present invention can continuously monitor the characteristics of the fine particles, such as the concentration, size distribution, and fine particle grade of the fine particles extracted from the atmospheric gas or exhaust gas through the solving means of the above problems, thereby improving the reliability for fine particle monitoring. Can be.

Other effects of the present invention can be understood through the features of the present invention, more clearly seen through the embodiments of the present invention, and can be exerted by means and combinations indicated in the claims.

1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a method capable of measuring particulates according to the present invention,
Figure 2 is a view of one embodiment of a method capable of measuring particulates according to Figure 1,
3 is a view of one embodiment of a method for measuring a channel speed and a method for controlling purge gas according to FIG. 1;
4 is a view of another embodiment of the purge gas control method according to FIG. 1,
5 is a view of another embodiment of the purge gas control method according to FIG. 1,
6 is a view of another embodiment of the method for measuring the channel speed according to FIG. 1,
7 is a view of another embodiment of a method for measuring a channel speed according to FIG. 1,
8 is a view of another embodiment of a method for measuring a channel speed according to FIG. 1;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The detailed description of the present invention, which will be described later, refers to the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in detail enough to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention. It should be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention are different, but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the technical spirit and scope of the present invention in connection with one embodiment. In addition, it should be understood that the position or arrangement of individual components within each disclosed embodiment can be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed description is not intended to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims, along with all ranges equivalent to those claimed. In the drawings, similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar functions in various aspects.

1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a method capable of measuring particulates according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram of one embodiment of a method capable of measuring particulates according to FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a method of measuring channel velocity according to FIG. And a purge gas control method according to one embodiment, FIG. 4 is a drawing of another embodiment of the purge gas control method according to FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a drawing of another embodiment of the purge gas control method according to FIG. , FIG. 6 is a diagram of another embodiment of the method for measuring the channel speed according to FIG. 1, FIG. 7 is a diagram of another embodiment of the method for measuring the channel speed according to FIG. 1, and FIG. 8 is a channel speed measurement according to FIG. 1 It is a diagram of another embodiment of the method.

A method (S100) for measuring particulates according to the present invention includes: a measuring step (S110) of measuring particulates flowing into a nozzle formed in a tubular shape by a particle measuring unit, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8; A first evaluation step (S120) of evaluating the volume of the fine particles by an evaluation model unit based on software in connection with the particle measurement unit of the measurement step; A second evaluation step (S130) for evaluating the volume size distribution of the fine particles, the integration of the size and time of the fine particles, and the volume concentration of the fine particles, respectively, in connection with the evaluation model part of the first evaluation step (S130) ); In a hollow shape, a supply step (S140) of supplying a purge to the inside of the probe by a purge supply unit connected to one end of the probe into which one end of the nozzle is inserted; And a control step (S150) provided adjacent to the probe to control the speed of the purge supplied to the inside of the probe by a speed controller. It is made including.

Referring to FIG. 1, the measuring step (S110) of the present invention is a step of measuring the fine particles flowing into the nozzle 1 formed in a tube shape by a particle measuring unit (PMU).

The first evaluation step (S120) is a step of evaluating the volume of the fine particles by the evaluation model unit (B2) on the basis of software in connection with the particle measurement unit (PMU) of the measurement step (S110).

The second evaluation step (S130) is connected to the evaluation model part (B2) of the first evaluation step (S120) to evaluate the volume size distribution of the fine particles, the integration of the size and time of the fine particles, and the volume concentration of the fine particles (P ).

The supply step (S140) is a hollow shape, the one end of the nozzle (1) is connected to the outer end of the probe (10) inserted therein to supply the purge to the inside of the probe (10) by the purge supply (4) to be.

The control step S150 is a step of controlling the speed of the purge provided adjacent to the probe 10 and supplied to the inside of the probe 10 by the speed control units 23 and VCU.

The smaller the particle size of the surrounding air, the greater the biological effect on human health. Therefore, the classification of particle size 1, generally given as PM class PM 10, PM2.5 or PM 1.0, is used to characterize, evaluate or avoid any adverse health effects.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a complete monitoring system for continuously monitoring particulate concentration and / or particle size distribution in gas particle aerosols in an exhaust stream, machine, building or atmosphere. An important object of the present invention is to provide reliable measurement data of PM class.

Referring to Figure 2, the present invention provides a number of particulate properties such as mass concentration, particle size distribution curves or PM grade.

The present invention consists of the following main elements.

■ Receives and transmits scattered light images called nozzles (1), probes (10) outside the tubes, probe purge tubes (11), and probe sampling tubes (12), which have an optical measurement system composed of multiple emitters supplied with energy Scattering light receiver

■ Electronic device particle measuring device PMU (#A) with input / output interface with evaluation processor and data buffer

■ Software-based evaluation model (# B2),

■ Evaluation process C1, D1, E1, F1, G1,

■ Speed control unit VCU (#G),

■ Speed sensor for measuring isokinetic properties,

■ Suction pump with electric motor,

■ An ejector built into the probe 10 and driven by a suction pump or a vacuum pump is preferred.

■ Purge is supplied to the interior of the probe 10 through the purge supply 4.

The ejector creates a negative pressure in relation to the channel pressure, so that gas and particulate aerosols are sucked into the probe and guided through the measurement volume between the light emitter and optical receiver.

The purge gas flow from the purge supply 4 to the probe 10 is measured to prevent particulate contamination from the light source 30 and photodetector 32 between the probe purge tube 11 and the probe sampling tube 12. (31) The optical receiver particles that generate the air cushion around produce a backscattered reflection, which is converted into a multi-signal image and proportional to the particle size and particle presence.

The particle measuring unit (PMU) includes an electric control device for a light emitter and a light receiver. The main task of the particle measurement unit (PMU) is software-based evaluation of multiple signal images, and the evaluation model unit (mathematical model, B2) and the first calibration data are used to analyze the particulate volume.

The evaluation process unit P is composed of several steps as follows.

The evaluation process step (C1) uses permanent measurements of individual particulate volumes, and keeps them at a given time period (e.g., 5 minutes of particle volume size distribution), i.e. particle volume concentration for particle size (horizontal coordinates) (Vertical coordinates) was calculated. Typical fine dust sizes are, for example, 0.1 μm | m. 20 μm | m. It may be smaller or larger.

The evaluation process step (D1) separates from the total particle volume size distribution of one or several size classes corresponding to the desired PM class, usually PM 10, PM or PM 1.

The evaluation process step (D1) multiplies the integrated PM class related particulate volume with the particle density determined during the installation process. Results are usually given in PM mass concentrations given in pg / m3.

The evaluation process step (E1) is given the entire particulate volume size distribution (C1) at a given time period, 5 minutes.

The evaluation process step (F1) multiplies the total particle volume of step (E1) by the particle density to obtain the total mass concentration of the fine particles in the time period. It is usually mg / m3.

The speed control unit (VCU) supplies information regarding the average gas volume flow rate in the duct for a period of time determined in step G1. 5 minutes. The evaluation process step (G1) multiplies the gas volume flow rate by the total mass concentration to generate the released particulate mass flow. More integration leads to large output over a longer period of time. Monthly or last once a year, usually expressed as Mg / a.

In addition to optical measurements, it is also important to correctly extract the particle gas aerosol through the nozzle 1. The larger the mass of the individual particulates, the more they accumulate to bend downstream of the suction pipe. It is also desirable to keep the rate of V n equal to the rate of V c to avoid sampling loss.

This principle is known as isokinetic sampling. If Vn is very different from Vc, the specific particle content can be influenced by the difference in velocity.

Smaller, lighter particulates are associated with a dynamic and efficient surface, and less isokinetic extraction is not critical. That is, the smaller the particle molecule is, like a gas molecule, the smaller the particle, and precisely following gas flow 1, particle separation no longer occurs. In the case of the present invention, adsorption in the middle is preferably used at high particle concentrations and / or heavy particulates.

The present invention proposes various methods for measuring the velocity Vc, the second controlling the velocity at the nozzle Vn, and the third measuring and controlling the velocity and gas flow rate at the measurement volume 31.

Referring to FIG. 3, as a channel speed measurement method 1 and a purge gas control method, separate Pitot-type or Prandtl-type flow meters are used to measure the speed in the channel Vc. The speed control units 23 and VCU calculate power required to control the rotational speed of the electric motor driving the compressor 46 or the blower 43. The compressed gas used to drive the ejector is generated to create a partial vacuum that can extract the aerosol from the channel through the probe 10 and measurement cell.

The speed sensor 7, which may be a differential pressure sensor, determines the flow rate of the sampling tube 12. The flow signal is transmitted to the speed control units 23 and VCU, and is used by the speed control units 23 and VCU to close the control loop in order to adjust the speed of Vn equal to the speed of the channel Vc through the motor.

The speed control units 23 and VCU further control the purge gas flow using a purge gas valve such that the velocity of the purge gas in front of the measurement volume 31 is equal to that of the probe sampling tube 12.

Referring to FIG. 4, the purge gas is generated by one blower 43 or compressor 46 or by a plurality of blowers 43 and compressor 46.

The purge gas controls the purge gas flow by the bypass valve 47.

Referring to FIG. 5, a further variation of the purge gas control is that the speed control units 23 and VCU directly control the purge gas flow through direct speed control of the second blower / compressor 46.

Referring to Figure 6, the present invention proposes to integrate the speed sensor head (2) on top of the extraction probe. The speed sensor head (2) surrounds the probe sampling tube (12) and includes a rotating structure including at least one opening perpendicular to the channel flow direction used as a static pressure inlet and at least one opening for the flow direction, Total pressure inlet. The differential pressure passes through the differential pressure manometer and is supplied to the speed control units 23 and VCU, and the speed control units 23 and VCU are used for speed and duct flow values, constant velocity control and mass flow calculation.

Referring to Figure 7, the present invention proposes to integrate the ultrasonic flow meter 26 into the system. The ultrasonic flow meter 26 is composed of at least two sensor heads, and frequently measures the flow rate.

A pulse in both directions that is changed by the gas flow. From the time delay, the ultrasonic flow meter 26 calculates velocity and duct flow values, and is used for constant velocity control and mass flow calculation in the speed control units 23 and VCU.

Referring to Figure 8, the present invention extracts the mass flow sensor 25 probe. The mass flow sensor 25 is widely used to monitor air flow.

Combustion engine. In this application, the mass flow sensor 25 transmits the channel and temperature to the speed control units 23 and VCU, and the speed control units 23 and VCU calculate the speed and duct flow.

In the above, the present invention has been described based on a preferred embodiment, but the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited to this, and it is possible to carry out modifications or changes within the scope of the claims, having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains. It will be apparent to the person, and such modifications or changes will fall within the scope of the appended claims.

S100: Method for measuring particulates
S110: Measurement step
S120: 1st evaluation stage
S130: 2nd evaluation stage
S140: supply stage
S150: control stage
1: Nozzle
10: probe
11: Fuzzy tube
12: sampling tube
2: Speed sensor head
23: speed control
25: mass flow sensor
26: ultrasonic flow meter
30: light source
31: measuring volume
32: photodetector
4: purge supply
46: compressor
43: blower
47: bypass valve
7: Speed sensor
B2: Evaluation model unit
PMU: Particle measurement unit
P: Evaluation process department

Claims (9)

A measuring step of measuring fine particles flowing into a nozzle formed in a tube shape by a particle measuring unit;
A first evaluation step of evaluating the volume of the fine particles by an evaluation model unit based on software in connection with the particle measurement unit of the measurement step;
A second evaluation step of evaluating the volume size distribution of the fine particles, the integration with respect to the size and time of the fine particles, and the volume concentration of the fine particles, respectively, in connection with the evaluation model part of the first evaluation step;
A supply step of supplying a purge to the inside of the probe by a purge supply part in connection with one end of the probe, into which one end of the nozzle is inserted; And
A control step provided adjacent to the probe to control the speed of the purge supplied into the probe by a speed controller; Including, but
The purge supplied to the inside of the probe is generated by a compressor or a blower provided adjacent to the purge supply,
A bypass valve is connected to the compressor, and the bypass valve is capable of measuring particulates, characterized in that it controls the flow of the purge supplied to the inside of the probe. According to claim 1,
The probe is configured with a purge tube and a sampling tube inside, the purge tube is configured inside the probe, and the sampling tube is a method capable of measuring particulates, characterized in that configured inside the purge tube. According to claim 2,
The sampling tube is provided with a speed sensor to determine the flow rate of the sampling tube, and the method for measuring particulates, characterized in that for transmitting the determined flow rate signal to the speed control unit. According to claim 2,
A speed sensor head is provided around the outer circumferential surface of the sampling tube, provided in the sampling tube exposed to the outside of the probe, and connected to the speed control unit. delete delete According to claim 1,
A method for measuring particulates, characterized in that an ultrasonic flow meter is provided adjacent to the inlet of the probe to measure the flow rate. According to claim 2,
A method for measuring particulates, characterized in that a mass flow sensor is provided on the sampling tube exposed to the outside of the probe, and transmits a channel and a temperature in connection with the speed controller. According to claim 2,
A measurement volume is formed between the light source and the photodetector provided between the purge tube and the sampling tube, so that an air cushion that blocks contamination of the fine particles is generated by the light source and the photodetector. Way.

Images