KR102058435B1 - Pretreatment Materials and Pretreatment Methods for Complete Combustion of Waste Plastics - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a combustion pretreatment material and method for waste plastics used as combustion raw materials. The pretreatment material is characterized by consisting of at least one of vermiculite, bottom ash, coal, wood, and sawdust, which have many voids or crevices, and heated the temperature to 200-300 degrees Celsius after mixing the waste plastic with the material. By liquefying the waste plastic, the liquefied plastic is adsorbed between the pores or gaps of the pretreatment material. When supplied to the combustion device, even if the waste plastic is liquefied, it does not flow down to the combustion device but stays as a liquefied sieve in the combustion pretreatment material so that it does not interfere with combustion and is burned by thermal decomposition vaporization in the combustion pretreatment material immediately. It features.

Description

Pretreatment Materials and Pretreatment Methods for Complete Combustion of Waste Plastics

The present invention relates to a pretreatment process for the combustion of waste plastics. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of complete combustion when waste plastic is used as a raw material for energy use, and a pretreatment material therefor.

Plastics are characterized by corrosion resistance, deterioration resistance, processability and light weight, and low price, and play an important role in developing industrial society as a wide range of alternative materials such as metals, natural fibers and ceramics, and the demand is increasing every year. . As plastic is used a lot, the amount of waste plastic is increasing.Because of its nature, plastic is a synthetic high molecular compound that is artificially made so that it is not easily decomposed by sunlight or microorganisms in its natural state. Causes devastation In addition, when the plastic waste is reclaimed, it is not reduced to nature, which hinders the stabilization of the landfill, and there is an absolute shortage of landfill to dispose of the waste.Incineration of the waste generates harmful gases and heavy metals scattering. Processing is becoming a social issue.

Waste plastics may be treated by incineration, fuel, or the like. In particular, waste plastic, a combustible polymer material, can be recycled as a fuel and used as a low pollution alternative energy source. However, during the combustion of waste plastics, the plastic material usually melts at 200 ~ 300 ° C and exists in the liquid state, so that the liquefied plastic is accumulated at the bottom of the combustion device, and the liquefied plastic accumulated at the floor is low molecular weight compound at 400 ~ 600 ° C. It is thermally decomposed and vaporized to burn. At this time, most of the combustion device is liquefied plastic is accumulated on the bottom of the combustion device, it is difficult to pyrolyze the liquefied plastic by raising the temperature of 400 ~ 600 degrees Celsius higher on the bottom of the combustion device. In order to solve this problem, there is a need for a method and apparatus in which a solid plastic is pyrolyzed and completely combusted after liquefaction without being accumulated at the bottom of the combustion apparatus.

Domestic Patent Publication KR 10-0601734B1 (2006.07.10.)

The technical problem of the present invention is to provide a material for pretreatment to completely burn the waste plastic by melting the waste plastic in a liquid state at 200 to 300 ° C. and improving the disadvantage of the bottom of the combustion apparatus, and a waste plastic pretreatment method using the same.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the combustion pretreatment material of waste plastic used as a combustion raw material is composed of at least one of vermiculite, bottom ash, coal, wood and sawdust having voids or crevices.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the method for pre-combustion of waste plastic used as a combustion raw material is characterized in that the waste plastic is composed of at least one of vermiculite, bottom ash, coal, and wood (sawdust) having many voids or gaps. Mixing the pretreatment material to the waste plastic; Melting and liquefying the mixed waste plastic at a temperature of 200 to 300 degrees Celsius; Mixing the pretreated material with the liquefied waste plastic to adsorb the liquefied waste plastic between the pores or gaps of the pretreated material; Cooling the waste plastic adsorbed to the pretreatment material to room temperature, and crushing the waste plastic adsorbed pretreatment material to a size suitable for a combustion device; And supplying the pulverized waste plastic to the combustion device as a combustion material.

According to the present invention, since the pretreated waste plastic is easily liquefied and does not flow down, it is easy to evaporate, and thus there is an effect of preventing air pollution by almost completely burning.

1 is an example showing a pretreatment material according to the present invention.
2 shows an example in which a pretreatment material and waste plastic are mixed according to the present invention.
Figure 3 shows an example in which waste plastic is adsorbed to the pretreatment material according to the present invention.
4 shows an example of a combustion process using a pretreatment material according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. In addition, in order to clearly disclose the present invention, parts not related to the present invention are omitted, and the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements in the drawings.

The objects and effects of the present invention may be naturally understood or more apparent from the following description, and the objects and effects of the present invention are not limited only by the following description.

The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description. In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that the detailed description of the known technology related to the present invention may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The pretreatment materials and methods according to the invention are now described.

When plastic burns, it does not burn on its own, but is thermally decomposed to evaporate to a gaseous state, which is a low molecular compound, and then mixed with combustion air to burn. In this process, heat is generated and this heat can be used as an energy source.

However, in order to continuously burn such plastics, it is important that the molten plastics are vaporized even if the plastics in the solid state are melted in the liquid state so that they are well mixed with the combustion air. In fact, plastic is a polymer compound, so it exists in a liquid state at a temperature of 200 to 300 degrees Celsius.

According to the present invention, the pretreatment material for plastic combustion has a pore or gap, so that the pretreatment material provides a material having a high porosity, so that the liquefied plastic can penetrate and adsorb into the pore or gap of the pretreatment material. This is characterized in that the liquefied plastic at room temperature or high temperature does not flow down and is easily pyrolyzed and gasified.

1 is an example showing a pretreatment material according to the present invention.

2 shows an example in which a pretreatment material and waste plastic are mixed according to the present invention.

1 to 2, when plastic (particularly waste plastic) is heated together with the pretreatment material according to the present invention, liquefied plastic particles are introduced into and adsorbed into the pores or gaps between the particles of the pretreatment material according to the present invention. . In particular, plastics liquefied at temperatures between 200 and 300 degrees Celsius will be adsorbed into the pores or crevices of the pretreatment material, which are present as solids even at that temperature. In one example, the pretreatment material according to the present invention is vermiculite, bottom ash, coal, wood (eg sawdust), coal may be anthracite coal, coal or activated carbon. Anthracite coal is particularly suitable as a pretreatment material because its porosity is slightly smaller than activated carbon but its price is very low. In addition, coal and wood itself is a combustion material has the advantage of high energy efficiency. The more voids or gaps the pretreatment material will adsorb more liquefied plastic.

In addition, when using the pretreatment material according to the present invention, because the liquefied plastic is adsorbed in the pores of the pretreatment material, even if the combustion temperature is high during the combustion process, the pretreatment material is solid and does not accumulate without melting to the bottom of the combustion furnace. Spread evenly in the space, the space (that is, the volume) that can be mixed with the externally supplied combustion air has the effect of widening is more effective for the combustion of plastics.

Figure 3 shows an example in which waste plastic is adsorbed to the pretreatment material according to the present invention.

Referring to Figure 3, the waste plastic adsorbed to the pretreatment material according to the present invention does not flow down to the bottom surface of the combustion apparatus because it is penetrated into the gaps or gaps between the pores of the pretreatment material according to the present invention even if liquefied at 200 ~ 300 degrees ( Or flow down and not solidify) in the liquid state in the voids or crevices of the pretreatment material. At room temperature it solidifies again in the voids or crevices of the pretreatment material and remains in a solid state. The pretreatment material according to the invention thus enables a more complete combustion process.

If the plastic liquefied 200 ~ 300 degrees in the existing combustion device flows to the bottom of the combustion device (combustion furnace), the liquefied plastic accumulates on the bottom of the combustion furnace due to the plastic flowed down. In order to combust it, it is necessary to pyrolyze it, and to send the pyrolysis temperature down the furnace. Due to such a difficult heat transfer method, it is difficult to pyrolyze, and due to the plastic flowed down, it is vaporized in two-dimensional plane by plastic liquefied at the bottom of the combustion furnace. Therefore, it is difficult to mix with the combustion air, there is a difficulty in combustion. The plastic adsorbed to the pretreatment material according to the present invention is adsorbed into the voids or gaps of the pretreatment material even if it is liquefied at 200 to 300 degrees. It is spread evenly and spreads the space (volume) which can be mixed with externally supplied combustion air, and it can burn in three-dimensional volume and can burn more completely.

Combustion in the above way, even if the waste plastic is liquefied, it is combusted in three-dimensional volume, so it is completely vaporized and mixed well with combustion air, so it can be burned to near perfect combustion, and serves to reduce air pollution due to combustion.

An example of a process of pretreatment with a pretreatment material according to the invention is described.

The combustion pretreatment method of waste plastic used as a raw material for combustion according to the present invention comprises pretreatment material comprising at least one of vermiculite, bottom ash, coal, and wood having a large amount of voids or gaps in the waste plastic. Mixing (S110); Melting and liquefying the mixed waste plastic at a temperature of 200 to 300 degrees Celsius (S120); Mixing the pretreated material and the liquefied waste plastic to adsorb the liquefied waste plastic between the pores or gaps of the pretreated material (S130); Cooling the waste plastic adsorbed to the pretreatment material to room temperature and pulverizing it to a size suitable for a combustion device (S140); And supplying the waste plastic adsorbed to the cooled pretreatment material to the combustion device as a combustion material (S150).

First, the step of mixing the pre-processing material to the waste plastic, characterized in that the waste plastic is composed of at least one of a void, gaps, vermiculite, coal ash, wood ash issued from the thermal power plant (S110) The material that is absorbed and adsorbed after liquefaction refers to a pretreatment process of mixing into a pretreatment material.

Melting and liquefying the mixed waste plastic at a temperature of 200 to 300 degrees Celsius (S120) refers to a process of heating the mixture after pretreatment of a mixed pretreatment material and waste plastic.

Although the pretreatment material and the liquefied waste plastic are mixed to adsorb the liquefied waste plastic between the gaps or gaps of the pretreatment material (S130), the pretreatment may be performed only by heating the mixture. It may also mean that the waste plastic absorbs between the materials. The absorbed waste plastic can be fused in the voids or gaps of the pretreatment material.

Cooling the waste plastic adsorbed on the pretreatment material to room temperature and crushing the waste plastic to a size suitable for a combustion device (S140) refers to a fuelization process for use as fuel in a state where the mixture of waste plastic is adsorbed on the pretreatment material. This is because it is difficult to transport or process the substance or mixture at high temperatures of 200-300 degrees.

Supplying the waste plastic adsorbed to the cooled pretreatment material to the combustion device as a combustion material (S150) refers to supplying waste plastics adsorbed to the pretreatment material and fueled as fuel, and the combustion device uses energy from plastic sludge. It refers to all kinds of devices that generate.

The pretreatment material according to the invention is a material with high porosity and is mixed in the plastic to be burned.

According to the present invention, the pretreatment material having a high porosity may be, for example, anthracite coal, coal, or activated carbon.

Liquefied plastic particles are introduced between the particles of the pretreatment material according to the invention. The more similar the size of the pretreatment material and the plastic particles, the more uniformly the plastic particles will be introduced.

The pretreatment material according to the invention is more advantageous for preventing the liquefaction of plastic particles, the more voids there are. Even if the plastic particles are liquefied using this pretreatment material, since the pretreatment material is in a solid state and vaporized directly from the pretreatment material, the plastic itself becomes a neat gas even if it melts.

For example, the pretreatment material according to the present invention may absorb moisture. The plastic is liquefied at about 200 ~ 300 degrees. At this time, the water in the plastic liquid penetrated between the pores of the pretreatment material is evaporated at 100 degrees, and when the plastic is absorbed between the pores, only the plastic particles are left. When present and heated, it vaporizes more easily because of its large surface area.

According to the present invention, since the pretreatment material is a solid, it has an effect of widening a three-dimensional volume capable of applying heat to the plastic particles adsorbed to the pretreatment material, which is effective for vaporizing the plastic.

4 shows an example of a combustion process using a pretreatment material according to the present invention in a thermal power plant.

4, in the pretreatment step of combustion, the pretreatment material is mixed with the waste plastic as an additive. At this time, the mixed pretreatment material is pulverized and mixed so as to match with the plastic sludge. This pretreatment material is preferably an anthracite coal, activated carbon, coal, such as a material having a lot of pores, especially anthracite coal is a small pore but effective because it is very inexpensive.

According to the present invention, as a pretreatment device connected to the appearance of the incinerator of the power plant for incineration by injecting waste plastic material (eg, sludge) in this pretreatment process, the hopper is horizontally connected to the crusher, the rotary wing is provided with the incinerator The pretreatment device in which the conveying screw is incorporated in the conveying pipe may be installed at an inclined angle. In this case, the feed screw may be coupled to the drive motor and the chain gear device which is axially coupled to the drive shaft provided therein and is driven by the chain.

According to the present invention, the pretreatment apparatus is incinerated, transported, and stored by pulverizing the plastic mixed with the pretreatment material having large voids. Here, a crusher may be further provided. The crusher is provided with an opening / closing door to supply an appropriate amount of pretreated plastic by opening and closing a door, and having a cutting blade as a cutting means operated by a drive motor rotating forward and reverse as a power source. The crushed sludge is transported by pushing the hopper to store the sludge with a spiral feed screw.

The crushed sludge conveyed to the hopper is a sludge feeder which is continuously supplied upward to the incinerator sludge inlet in the consolidation state by the rotation of the spiral feed screw equipped with the rotary blades. The moisture content of the sludge is reduced by suppressing the occurrence of odor and conveying the high concentration of sludge without consolidation.

That is, when the mixture of the pretreated sludge and the pretreated material is crushed to a predetermined particle size by a crusher and stored in the hopper and transported by the sludge feeder, the sludge is conveyed in the consolidated state through the feed pipe by the rotation of the feed screw. As a result, the water content is reduced, and the weight is reduced, and the combustion is easily converted into a state. The sludge processed as described above is dropped into the combustion cylinder by its own weight, and is loaded on the rostol connected on the same axis.

The sludge is then ignited by means of an ignition burner, and the high-temperature combustion gases (including incompletely burned gases during the pyrolysis process during primary combustion) are moved upwards to fuse the combustion gases and flames continuously. The volatile material, which is a combustible component contained in the injected sludge, is exploded in combustion as it is combusted with flammable gas. At this time, the plastic sludge penetrates into the pores of the injected pretreatment material even though it is liquefied at 200 ~ 300 degrees, so it does not cool and cools. It burns uniformly and vaporizes.

Sludge treatment burned in the above manner As a result of combustion, harmful pollutants such as harmful gases and heavy metals are minimized, and the ratio of completely evaporated to plastic is not liquefied. Do

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment as various substitutions and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. .

Preferred embodiments of the present invention described above are disclosed for purposes of illustration, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications, changes, and additions within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Should be regarded as falling within the scope of the above claims.

As those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, various permutations, modifications, and changes are possible without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It is not limited by.

In the exemplary system described above, the methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks, but the invention is not limited to the order of steps, and certain steps may occur in a different order or concurrently with other steps than those described above. Can be. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the steps shown in the flowcharts are not exclusive and that other steps may be included or one or more steps in the flowcharts may be deleted without affecting the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

delete In the combustion pretreatment method of waste plastic used as a combustion raw material,
Mixing the waste plastic with the waste plastic, wherein the waste plastic comprises at least one of vermiculite, bottom ash, coal, and sawdust having a large amount of voids or crevices;
Melting and liquefying the mixed waste plastic at a temperature of 200 to 300 degrees Celsius;
Mixing the pretreated material with the liquefied waste plastic to adsorb the liquefied waste plastic between the pores or gaps of the pretreated material;
Cooling the waste plastic adsorbed to the pretreatment material to room temperature, and crushing the waste plastic adsorbed pretreatment material to a size suitable for a combustion device; And
Supplying the pulverized waste plastic to the combustion device as a combustion material;
The liquefied waste plastic is present in the solid state at room temperature in a state located between the pores of the pretreatment material provided as a solid at a temperature of 200 to 300 degrees Celsius, characterized in that the gas is completely combusted when mixed with combustion air Pretreatment method.

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