KR102012777B1 - A method of underwater uplink resource allocation in non-guaranteed link capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is an underwater uplink resource allocation method at a non-guaranteed link capacity. According to the method, in a non-guaranteed link capacity type underwater network system having a network structure of a marine buoy (UBSC) and a plurality of underwater base station (UBSi), underwater information collected from a plurality of underwater nodes (UN) using the Internet of things (IoT) technology is transmitted to the marine buoy (UBSC) in a method of single carrier resource allocation using one frequency each through the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi). The resource allocation is allocation using a maximum traffic amount, an average traffic amount, and standard deviation of a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network during a resource allocation period.

Description

A method of underwater uplink resource allocation in non-guaranteed link capacity}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to an underwater network. In particular, in the field of wireless communication in the land, the marine buoys are underwater in a state of a non-guaranteed underwater channel in collecting and utilizing various underwater information. The present invention relates to an uplink resource allocation method capable of solving a problem of collision with an existing limited bandwidth due to traffic increase by adaptively distributing resources in response to a resource rebalancing request of a base station.

In general, the aquatic environment has a very poor communication environment compared to the ground environment.

The propagation speed of the signal is very slow, the number of available channels is very limited and the available bandwidth is very narrow.

Despite such a poor underwater environment, the demand for various types of underwater communication is increasing rapidly.

There may be various nodes in the water, where a node means an object that can communicate.

Such a node may be implemented in a movable object such as an automatic underwater vehicle (AUV), a submarine, or a diver, or may be implemented in a fixed object.

On the other hand, as interest in the ocean increases, various applications incorporating Underwater Acoustic Network (UANet) technology are introduced.

Underwater acoustic network applications include undersea exploration, earthquake and tsunami warnings, marine environmental monitoring, and marine defenses. To implement these applications underwater, the limitations of the underwater network (very long propagation delay (1500 m / s), Consideration should be given to high bit error rates due to poor underwater channels, limited bandwidth due to frequency usage constraints, and limited power consumption due to charging difficulties.

In order to overcome these limitations and efficiently manage development / exploration for marine resources, marine operations, climate observation, disaster monitoring, securing / management of marine resources, marine environment monitoring and marine defense systems, Development of underwater communication technology for real-time information exchange is needed.

In other words, it is necessary to establish an integrated wireless communication network that can transmit desired information through the base station in the water, such as the land mobile communication network with the world's highest technology level, and to expand and spread the base by developing core equipment, communication protocol, and communication network operation technology. There is a need for it.

Among these various element technologies, an efficient resource distribution technique between a marine buoy and an underwater base station in an underwater network eliminates bottlenecks of an underwater base station and greatly affects the operation of an underwater base station and an underwater node (UN).

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general underwater cellular wireless network system, which includes a maritime buoy (UBSC), a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi), and a plurality of underwater nodes (UN).

The plurality of underwater nodes UN may collect underwater information while being mobile in water, such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) moving from one cell to another.

Multiple underwater base stations (UBSi) transmit information from multiple underwater nodes (UN) in much larger amounts of data traffic than underwater terminals (UTs), such as underwater sensors that transmit small amounts of data in a periodic manner. Receive.

In addition, it is connected to the maritime buoy (UBSC) via an underwater wireless backhaul, and is connected by the downlink from the maritime buoy (UBSC) to the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi), and the maritime buoy ( UBSC).

Since the marine buoy (UBSC) mostly transmits control signals to a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi), the uplink has much more traffic than the downlink, so much larger backhaul capacity is needed.

On the other hand, the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) is authorized to transmit data collected from the plurality of underwater nodes (UN) to the buoys (UBSC), so uplink backhaul in the Underwater cellular wireless network (UCWN) throughput An efficient resource allocation protocol should be designed for

On the other hand, uplink resources are not allotted enough to allow all of the uplink traffic generated from the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) to be transmitted to the maritime buoy (UBSC), or the amount of uplink traffic is sent to the maritime buoy (UBSC). There is a possibility that the link capacity is not guaranteed beyond that which can be transmitted immediately.

That is, in the resource allocation method of the UBSi-UBSC link, the capacity of the link allocated from the UBSC to each UBSi transmits all the traffic generated by the UBSi. Depending on whether it is sufficient or not sufficient, it can be classified into two types, a guaranteed link capacity (GLC) method and a non-guaranteed link capacity (NGLC) method.

In general, in the current underwater network, in many cases, certain specific information is collected from the underwater base station (UBSi), so there is no transmission error to the marine buoy (UBSC). Prefer

On the other hand, the non-guaranteed link capacity scheme is relatively complex in resource allocation algorithms and protocols compared to the guaranteed link capacity, and the underwater base station (UBSi) to maritime buoy (UBSC) link capacity is higher than the traffic generated by the underwater base station (UBSi). Special consideration should be given to transmission errors and packet losses, which may occur in small cases, and increased delays due to retransmissions.

In addition, this approach tends to allocate less of the underwater base station (UBSi) -to-resolution BuCu link resources than the traffic actually occurring at the underwater base station (UBSi), thus handling burst traffic occurring at the underwater base station (UBSi). There is a possibility of dealing with the inflexibility relative to the guaranteed link capacity.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention transmit the underwater information collected from the plurality of underwater nodes using the Internet of Things technology to the maritime buoy (UBSC) in a single carrier resource allocation scheme using one frequency through the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi). The invention also relates to a method for allocating an underwater uplink resource at non-guaranteed link capacity in which resource allocation is allocated using a maximum amount of traffic, an average amount of traffic, and a standard deviation of a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in a network during a resource allocation period. Reached.

KR 10-2012-0070733 A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to increase the traffic by adaptively distributing resources in response to a resource rebalancing request of an underwater base station in collecting and utilizing various underwater information by applying IoT technology on land to the field of wireless communication underwater. It is to provide an underwater uplink resource allocation method at unguaranteed link capacity that can solve the problem of collision with existing limited bandwidth.

The underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object is an unguaranteed link-capacity underwater network having a network structure between a UBSC and a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi). In the system, the underwater buoy (SUB) is a single carrier resource allocation scheme in which underwater information collected from a plurality of underwater nodes (UN) using one IoT technology uses one frequency through the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi). UBSC), wherein the resource allocation is allocated using the maximum traffic amount, average traffic amount, and standard deviation of a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network during a resource allocation period.

The resource allocation of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises: (a) the maritime buoy (UBSC) requesting information for resource allocation and the plurality of underwater base stations; If (UBSi) responds according to the current execution step, the BUSC transmits resource allocation information after performing a resource allocation algorithm, and each of the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) sets initial uplink capacity. An initialization step; And (b) if it is determined that the resources flowing into the buffers of the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) are insufficient or exceeded, the corresponding underwater base station requests resource reallocation, and the marine buoy (UBSC) recovers the resource allocation algorithm. And a regular process step of determining whether to reallocate the resource or to return to the initialization step according to whether there is a margin of surplus resources.

The step (a) of the method for allocating an underwater uplink resource at the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention to achieve the above object is (a-1) wherein the UBSC is configured to cluster the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) for each cluster. Transmitting an information request signal (RIREQ) for allocating a resource; (a-2) generating and transmitting an information response signal (RIREP) for resource allocation including traffic information by the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi); (a-3) determining whether the UBSC has received an information response signal RIREP for allocating resources from all underwater base stations UBSi in the network by waiting for one frame; (a-4) When received from all underwater base stations (UBSi), the maritime buoy (UBSC) performs the resource allocation algorithm, and transmits a resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) for determining the resources of the corresponding underwater base stations Making; And (a-5) each of the underwater base stations UBSis receiving the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS sets the initial uplink capacity and transmits the resource allocation information transmission confirmation signal RAISACK to the UBSC. Transmitting a; characterized in that it comprises a.

In the step (a-2) of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object, the current performing step is performed in the unit time when the initial resource allocation protocol is performed. Transmitting traffic information values for queue length, amount of traffic dropped, and resource utilization of the base station UBSi; And when the current performing step proceeds to the regression of the initialization step due to a lack of surplus resource in the UBSC, the current traffic information value or the cumulative average value of the queue length, the dropped traffic amount, and the resource utilization rate. Transmitting; characterized in that it comprises a.

The step (b) of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention to achieve the above object is (b-1) whether there is a shortage or excess of resources depending on the amount of traffic flowing into the buffer. Determining step; (b-2) if it is determined that the resource is insufficient or exceeded, transmitting a resource reallocation request signal (RAREQ) to the maritime buoy (UBSC); (b-3) the marine buoy (UBSC) transmitting a resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the corresponding underwater base station in response to the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ), and performing the resource allocation algorithm again. ; (b-4) transmitting a resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) by the UBSC when there is a surplus of resources in the UBSC; And (b-5) the base station receiving the resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) to reallocate resources and transmitting a resource allocation information reception confirmation signal (RAISACK).

In the step (b-2) of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object, (A) if it is determined that the resource is exceeded, the corresponding underwater base station returns resources. Performing; And (B) if it is determined that the resource is insufficient, performing the resource rebalancing request by the corresponding underwater base station.

In the step (B) of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object, if there is no margin of surplus resources in the UBSC, the corresponding underwater base station Receiving a resource information request signal RIREQ from a maritime buoy; And waiting for reception of the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS after transmitting the information response signal RIREP for resource allocation in the same way as the initializing step.

In the step (b-3) of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object, the underwater base station (UBSi) that has transmitted the resource reallocation request signal (RAREQ) is a resource. Determining whether the returned underwater base station or the resource request underwater base station; If it is determined that the underwater base station is a resource returning underwater base station, the UBSC transmits the resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the underwater base station; Adjusting, by the UBSC, the resource of the corresponding underwater base station by using the traffic information of the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ); And updating the surplus resource amount by the marine buoy (UBSC).

In step (b-3) of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object, when it is determined that the corresponding underwater base station is a resource request underwater base station, the marine buoy (UBSC) Transmitting a resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to a corresponding underwater base station; Adjusting, by the UBSC, uplink resources of the corresponding underwater base station by using the traffic information of the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ); And updating, by the UBSC, a surplus resource amount and calculating a required resource amount.

The underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention for achieving the above object is a non-guaranteed link-capacity underwater network system having a marine buoy (UBSC) and a plurality of underwater base station (UBSi) network structures. In the above, the underwater buoy (UBSC) is a single carrier resource allocation scheme in which underwater information collected from a plurality of underwater nodes (UN) uses one frequency through the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) using IoT technology. The resource allocation is allocated using the maximum traffic amount, average traffic amount, and standard deviation of a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network during a resource allocation period, and the traffic is more than a predetermined amount. The incoming underwater base station (UBSi) allocates resources to the maximum assignable traffic amount value, and traffic is preset. Underwater base station (UBSi) that is less than a predetermined amount is characterized in that the resource allocated by the linear ratio.

Specific details of other embodiments are included in the "details for carrying out the invention" and the accompanying "drawings".

Advantages and / or features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will become apparent with reference to the various embodiments described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

However, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of each embodiment disclosed below, but may be implemented in a variety of different forms, each embodiment disclosed herein is only to complete the disclosure of the present invention, It should be understood that the present invention is provided to fully inform those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of each claim of the claims.

According to the present invention, the traffic transmission amount is drastically increased by solving the existing collision with the limited bandwidth caused by the increase in traffic through various underwater objects by increasing the yield through efficient resource allocation.

In addition, according to the underwater communication environment and transmission distance, it is possible to flexibly distribute resources to multiple access schemes having various modulation and coding scheme levels.

In addition, when resource rebalancing is required when resources to be distributed are excessively or insufficiently, there is no need to set a resource allocation cycle separately, thereby reducing message overhead due to periodic resource allocation and improving energy efficiency.

1 is a schematic diagram of a general underwater cellular wireless network system.
2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation of a queuing model for implementing an initialization protocol method for an underwater local area network of the present invention.
3 is a definition table of parameters used in the resource allocation method of the present invention.
4 is a graph illustrating a correlation between the accumulated amount of surplus resources compared to the standard deviation of the queue length shown in FIG.
5 is a table for a resource allocation message between a maritime buoy (UBSC) and each underwater base station (UBSi) in the resource allocation method of the present invention.
6 is a flowchart illustrating an initialization process in a resource allocation method of the present invention.
7 is a flow chart of the resource return step of the normal process step in the resource allocation method of the present invention.
8 is a flowchart illustrating a resource request step when sufficient resources are sufficient among the normal process steps in the resource allocation method of the present invention.
9 is a flowchart illustrating a resource request step when a surplus resource is insufficient among the regular process steps in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Before describing the present invention in detail, the terms or words used in the present specification should not be construed as being limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings, and in order for the inventor of the present invention to explain his invention in the best way. Concepts of various terms may be properly defined and used, and furthermore, it is to be understood that these terms or words should be interpreted as meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical spirit of the present invention.

In other words, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the teachings of the invention. It should be understood that the term is defined in consideration.

In addition, in the present specification, the singular expressions may include the plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and similarly, the plural expressions may include the singular meanings. do.

Throughout this specification, when a component is described as "comprising" another component, the component may further include any other component rather than excluding any other component unless otherwise stated. It can mean that you can.

Furthermore, if a component is described as being "inside, or in connection with," another component, the component may be directly connected or installed in contact with another component, The components may be spaced apart from each other, and in the case of spaced apart from each other, there may be a third component or means for fixing or connecting the components to other components. It should be understood that the description of the components or means of 3 may be omitted.

On the other hand, if a component is described as being "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that no third component or means exists.

Similarly, other expressions describing the relationship between each component, such as "between" and "immediately between", or "neighboring to" and "directly neighboring to", have the same purpose. Should be interpreted as

In addition, in this specification, terms such as “one side”, “other side”, “one side”, “other side”, “first”, “second”, and the like, if used, refer to this one component for one component. Is used to clearly distinguish from other components, and it should be understood that such terms do not limit the meaning of the components.

In addition, terms related to positions such as “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, etc., when used herein, should be understood to indicate relative positions in the corresponding drawings with respect to the corresponding components, if used. Unless an absolute position is specified with respect to these positions, these position related terms should not be understood as referring to an absolute position.

Moreover, in the specification of the present invention, the terms "… unit", "… unit", "module", "device" and the like, if used, means a unit capable of processing one or more functions or operations, which is hardware Or software, or a combination of hardware and software.

In addition, in the present specification, in designating the reference numerals for each component of each drawing, the same reference numerals refer to the same components so as to have the same reference numerals even though they are shown in different drawings, that is, the same reference numerals throughout the specification. The symbols indicate the same components.

In the accompanying drawings, the size, position, coupling relationship, etc. of each component constituting the present invention may be partially exaggerated or reduced or omitted in order to sufficiently convey the spirit of the present invention or for convenience of description. It may be described, so the proportion or scale may not be exact.

In addition, in the following, in the following description of the present invention, detailed descriptions of configurations known to unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, for example, known technologies including the prior art, may be omitted.

Marine Buoy (UBSC)-Underwater Base Station (UBSi) Underwater Uplink Resource Allocation Protocol

In the UBSC-UBSI uplink resource allocation method considered in the present invention, a non-guaranteed link capacity (GLC) is assumed as a single carrier resource allocation scheme. .

The non-guaranteed link capacity is allocated uplink resources such that all uplink traffic originating from the underwater base station (UBSi) cannot be sent to the maritime buoy (UBSC), or the amount of uplink traffic is sent to the maritime buoy (UBSC). There are so many cases that it cannot be sent right away.

In addition, in the single carrier resource allocation scheme, only one carrier is used for each cluster, and only one frame structure is provided for each cluster.

That is, the underwater base station UBSi uses only one frame structure corresponding to the cluster to which the underwater base station UBSi belongs, and each cluster can allocate resources using only the fundamental frequency.

If the resource allocation is difficult using only the fundamental frequency, a method of allowing or increasing the buffering of the underwater base station UBSi may be considered while maintaining the single carrier resource allocation.

Considerations for resource allocation include data rates (maximum and minimum rate settings) and underwater base station traffic (modeling), and the resources allocated are set according to the traffic load of the underwater base station (UBSi).

Meanwhile, the underwater local area network specification of the present invention is a half-duplex scheme and a centralized structure using omni-directional antennas.

First, the cluster transmits and receives data from the underwater base station (UBSi) resource allocation, the underwater base station (UBSi) to the underwater buoy (UBSC) and up and down data and control messages.

Second, as a single carrier resource allocation scheme, a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network share one frequency for uplink message transmission.

Third, as a non-guaranteed link capacity (NGLC) scheme, traffic and packet drop exceeding resources allocated to an underwater base station (UBSi) may occur.

In addition, the traffic model of the uplink resource allocation method of the present invention is as follows.

First, it is constant traffic generated from a fixed underwater node, traffic uniformly flowing into the underwater base station (UBSi) of all clusters.

Second, burst traffic generated from the mobile underwater node is introduced into the underwater base station (UBSi) of the cluster where the mobile underwater node is currently located, and is on / off considering the time that the mobile underwater node stays and does not stay. Traffic modeling is possible.

In addition, the generated burst traffic has a truncated normalized distribution characteristic between a minimum value and a maximum value (min, max).

Third, the resource allocation takes into account the traffic statistics values (eg, average value, maximum value, and standard deviation) according to the update period.In the case of resource allocation, the underwater base station (UBSi) is sent to the buoy (UBSC) for the traffic observed up to the previous period. Provide a statistical value as input.

Meanwhile, a resource allocation method of the uplink resource allocation method of the present invention will be described below.

First, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which has recently emerged in the field of wireless communication on land, is applied to the field of wireless communication in the water, treating underwater nodes (UN) as a kind of object, and collecting and utilizing various underwater information.

That is, the traffic increase caused by the increase of traffic through various underwater objects and the addition of processes such as security, privacy, authentication, etc., collide with the existing limited bandwidth. Increasing yield through resource allocation dramatically increases traffic volume.

In addition, since modulation and coding scheme (MCS) levels vary according to the underwater communication environment and transmission distance, the resource distribution can be flexibly compatible with various multiple access schemes through compatible resource distribution of the present invention. It becomes possible.

Second, as a consumer-centered resource allocation method by a resource rebalancing request of an underwater base station (UBSi), it adaptively distributes resources in response to a consumer request in order to efficiently utilize limited bandwidth.

That is, when resources to be distributed are excessive due to resource under-utilization, or when resources are rebalanced when resources are insufficient due to resource excess-utilization, UBSC Since the resource allocation cycle does not need to be set, unlike the scheme according to the fixed or adaptive cycle, the message overhead according to the periodic resource allocation can be reduced, and the energy efficiency can be improved.

In addition, since the maximum amount of resources is limited to the underwater base station (UBSi), in order to cope with resource shortages caused by burst traffic or the like, the amount of surplus resources is maintained in the marine buoy (UBSC).

Resource allocation algorithm

2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation of a queuing model for implementing an initialization protocol method for an underwater local area network of the present invention.

3 is a definition table of parameters used in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a correlation between the accumulated amount of surplus resources compared to the standard deviation of the queue length illustrated in FIG. 2 in the case of single type traffic in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

3 to 4, a resource allocation algorithm of the uplink resource allocation method of the present invention will be described.

,

,

값과 누적 평균 값이 적용되는

,

,

이고, 최대 할당 가능한 자원은 수중 기지국(UBSi)에서 할당 가능한 최대 트래픽 처리량(

)으로 정의된다.When resource allocation, the usage information is provided as a condition during the simulation test. The traffic information received from the underwater base station (UBSi) is applied to the current value.

,

,

Values and cumulative average values apply

,

,

And the maximum assignable resource is the maximum traffic throughput that can be allocated by the underwater base station (UBSi) (

Is defined as

)로 결정해야 하고, 모의 시험 시 현재 값과 평균을 취하는 시간 사이즈(

) 값을 변화시키면서 누적 평균 값과의 성능을 비교한다.When the cumulative average value is applied, the time size to take an average (

), And the amount of time the average is taken from the current value

) And compare the performance with the cumulative mean value.

) 값의 증감에 따라 영향을 받는 성능의 변화는 다음과 같다. Maximum traffic throughput that can be allocated by the underwater base station (UBSi) (

The change in performance affected by the increase and decrease of the value is as follows.

) 값이 증가하는 경우, 해상 부이(UBSC)의 잉여 트래픽 처리량(

)이 감소하고, 선형 비율(Linear proportion) 비중이 커져 자원 활용률이 증가되고, 버스트 트래픽 처리에 약해, 초기화 과정이 빈번하게 실행되어 메시지 오버 헤드가 증가된다.If the maximum traffic throughput that can be allocated,

) Value, the surplus traffic throughput of the UBSC (

), The proportion of linear proportion is increased, the resource utilization is increased, and the burst traffic is weak, and the initialization process is frequently executed to increase the message overhead.

) 값이 감소하는 경우, 해상 부이(UBSC)의 잉여 트래픽 처리량(

)이 증가하고, 선형 비율(Linear proportion) 비중이 작아져 자원 활용률이 감소되고, 버스트 트래픽 처리에 강하고, 특정한 수중 기지국(UBSi)에 대해서만 자원 할당을 하는 경우가 많아 초기화 과정 발생 빈도가 낮으며, 메시지 오버 헤드가 감소된다.On the other hand, the maximum traffic throughput that can be allocated (

) Decreases, the surplus traffic throughput of the UBSC (

), And the proportion of linear proportion decreases, thus reducing resource utilization rate, being strong in burst traffic processing, and often allocating resources only to a specific underwater base station (UBSi). Message overhead is reduced.

)은 다음의 수학식 1과 같이 산출된다.In addition, the traffic throughput allocated by the underwater base station (UBSi) (

) Is calculated as in Equation 1 below.

는 수중 기지국(UBSi)에서 할당 가능한 최대 트래픽 처리량,

는 해상 부이(UBSC)의 총 트래픽 처리량, N은 수중 기지국(UBSi) 수, Q_i는 단위 시간에 수중 기지국(UBSi)의 큐 길이, P_i는 단위 시간에 수중 기지국(UBSi)에서 드롭되는 트래픽 양을 의미한다.From here,

Is the maximum traffic throughput that can be allocated by the underwater base station (UBSi),

Is the total traffic throughput of the UBSC, N is the number of underwater base stations (UBSi), Q _i is the queue length of the underwater base station (UBSi) in unit time, P _i is the traffic dropped from the underwater base station (UBSi) in unit time. Means quantity.

)은 다음의 수학식 2와 같이 산출된다.In addition, UBSC surplus traffic throughput (

) Is calculated as in Equation 2 below.

는 해상 부이(UBSC)의 총 트래픽 처리량, N은 수중 기지국(UBSi) 수,

는 수중 기지국(UBSi)에서 할당된 트래픽 처리량을 의미한다.From here,

Is the total traffic throughput of UBSC, N is the number of underwater base stations (UBSi),

Means the traffic throughput allocated by the underwater base station (UBSi).

)의 초기 값은 초기화 과정에서 수중 기지국(UBSi)이 해상 부이(UBSC)로 전송한 트래픽 정보를 이용하여 설정된다. Meanwhile, in resource allocation during initial resource allocation, the traffic throughput allocated by the underwater base station (UBSi) (

) Is set using the traffic information transmitted from the underwater base station (UBSi) to the maritime buoy (UBSC) during the initialization process.

In addition, in resource allocation when a resource distribution request is made during normalization, traffic information to be applied differs depending on whether the initialization process is regressed.

That is, during the non-regression process during the initialization process, only the traffic information of the underwater base station (UBSi) requesting resource rebalancing is reassigned from the existing traffic information table and reallocated resources.

On the other hand, during the regression of the initialization process, traffic information is received from all underwater base stations (UBSi) and reallocated resources in the same manner as the initial resource distribution.

In addition, resource rebalancing is necessary so that resource shortage does not occur when the resource is rebalanced due to resource excess during normalization, and when resource rebalancing is caused by resource shortage.

)의 표준편차가 클수록 이와 비례하여 잉여 자원량(

)이 커지는 성향이 있다.As shown in Figure 4, the queue length of the underwater base station (UBSi)

), The larger the standard deviation, the proportion of surplus resource (

) Tends to grow.

) 값으로 자원을 할당하고, 트래픽이 기 설정된 소정의 양보다 적은 수중 기지국(UBSi)은 선형 비율(linear proportion) 만큼의 자원이 할당된다.That is, the underwater base station (UBSi) in which more traffic flows than a predetermined amount may be allocated to the maximum traffic throughput (

A resource is allocated at a value of), and the number of resources of the underwater base station UBSi whose traffic is smaller than a predetermined amount is allocated by a linear proportion.

5 is a table for a resource allocation message between a maritime buoy (UBSC) and each underwater base station (UBSi) in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

6 is a flowchart illustrating an initialization process in a resource allocation method of the present invention.

7 is a flow chart of the resource return step of the normal process step in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

8 is a flowchart illustrating a resource request step when sufficient resources are sufficient among the normal process steps in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

9 is a flowchart illustrating a resource request step when a surplus resource is insufficient among the regular process steps in the resource allocation method of the present invention.

1 to 9, the operation of the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention will be described in detail as follows.

The UBSC-UBSI resource distribution protocol is a resource allocated by the Initial Stage (IS) and the Underwater Base Station (UBSi) to transmit and receive data to and from the UBSC and periodically or It consists of a normal stage (NS) that updates a resource allocation aperiodically.

1. Initialization step

First, it is assumed that the network before the resource allocation is completed and the uplink and downlink resources are allocated for the initialization process by the medium access control method.

 The UBSC transmits an information request signal RIREQ for resource allocation in a broadcast format to the underwater base stations UBSi for each cluster.

Upon receiving the resource information request signal RIREQ, the underwater base stations UBSi generate and transmit an information response signal RIREP for resource allocation including their traffic information according to the current execution step.

), 드롭되는 트래픽 양(

), 자원 이용율(

)에 대한 트래픽 정보값을 전송한다.That is, when the current execution step performs the initial resource distribution protocol, the queue length (UBSi) of the underwater base station (UBSi)

), The amount of traffic dropped (

), Resource utilization (

Transmits the traffic information value for

), 드롭되는 트래픽 양(

), 자원 이용율(

)에 대한 트래픽 정보값을 전송하고, 누적 평균 값 적용시에는 상기 값들의 누적 평균값을 전송한다.On the other hand, in case of initializing due to lack of surplus resources in UBSC, when the current value is applied, the queue length (UBSi)

), The amount of traffic dropped (

), Resource utilization (

And transmits a traffic information value for the < RTI ID = 0.0 >

Upon receiving the information response signal (RIREP) for resource allocation from all the underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network, the maritime buoy (UBSC) performs a resource allocation algorithm to transmit resource allocation information for determining the resources of the underwater base stations (UBSi). Send a signal RAIS.

In this case, the resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) information is an underwater base station (UBSi) slot number and slot number according to a given multiple access scheme in the time division multiple access based MAC protocol.

After receiving the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS, each of the underwater base stations UBSi sets its initial uplink capacity and transmits the resource allocation information reception acknowledgment signal RAISACK to the UBSC. Enter the regular process phase (NS).

2. Regular Course Steps

After the initialization process, the underwater base station (UBSi) transmits data to the maritime buoy (UBSC) using the resources allocated in a given multiple access scheme.

At this time, it is determined whether the resource is insufficient or excessive according to the amount of traffic flowing into the buffer of the underwater base station (UBSi), and if this is the case, by transmitting a resource reallocation request signal (RAREQ) to the maritime buoy (UBSC) resources Request rebalancing of allocations.

)이 네트워크 파라미터인 한계 이용율(

)보다 적은 경우, 다음과 같은 자원 반납을 수행한다.When the resource flowing into the buffer of the underwater base station UBSi is exceeded, that is, the resource utilization rate of the underwater base station UBSi in unit time (

) Is the network parameter

If less than), the following resources are returned:

)의 디폴트 값은 0.5로 설정되고, 증감에 따라 영향을 받는 성능의 변화는 다음과 같다. In this case, the limit utilization rate of the underwater base station (UBSi) (

The default value of) is set to 0.5, and the performance change affected by the increase and decrease is as follows.

) 값이 증가하는 경우, 자원 활용도가 낮아져 수중 기지국(UBSi)이 해상 부이(UBSC)에 빈번히 자원 재조정을 요청하게 된다.If the unit utilization time limit of the underwater base station (UBSi) (

Increasing the value of) increases resource utilization, causing the underwater base station (UBSi) to frequently request resource rebalancing from the UBSC.

Accordingly, resource circulation is smooth and real-time traffic state reflection is possible.

In addition, fairness, overall resource utilization, packet drop rate, and yield performance are improved.

However, there is a disadvantage in that energy consumption is increased and message overhead performance is degraded.

) 값이 감소하는 경우, 자원 활용도가 낮더라도 수중 기지국(UBSi)이 해상 부이(UBSC)에 자원 재조정의 요청 없이 할당 자원을 그대로 사용하게 된다.On the other hand, the limit utilization rate of the underwater base station (UBSi) in unit time (

In the case where the value of) decreases, the underwater base station UBSi uses the allocated resource as it is without requesting resource rebalancing to the UBSC even if resource utilization is low.

This increases energy consumption and improves message overhead performance.

However, there is a disadvantage in that fairness, overall resource utilization, packet drop rate, and yield performance deteriorate.

Next, when the UBSC receives the resource reallocation request signal RAREQ from the underwater base station UBSi, after transmitting the resource reallocation request acknowledgment signal RAACK to the corresponding underwater base station, the resource allocation algorithm Rerun

When the underwater base station UBSi receives the resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal RAACK from the maritime buoy UBSC, it waits for the reception of the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS.

When the underwater buoy (UBSC) transmits a resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) and the underwater base station (UBSi) receives the resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS), reallocates a new resource and assigns the resource allocation information to the marine buoy (UBSC). Send an acknowledgment signal (RAISACK).

)이 양수인 경우(

), 버스트 트래픽 발생으로 버퍼 과잉(Buffer overflow)을 초래하여 다음과 같은 자원 재조정 요청을 수행한다.Meanwhile, when resources flowing into the buffer of the underwater base station UBSi become insufficient, that is, the amount of traffic dropped by the underwater base station UBSi in unit time (

) Is positive (

When burst traffic occurs, buffer overflow occurs and the following resource rebalancing request is performed.

When the underwater base station UBSi receives the resource reassignment request reception acknowledgment signal RAACK from the maritime buoy UBSC, it waits for reception of the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS or the resource information request signal RIREQ.

If the underwater base station UBSi receives the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS from the maritime buoy, it allocates a new resource and transmits the resource allocation information reception acknowledgment signal RAISACK to the maritime buoy. do.

On the other hand, when the underwater base station UBSi receives the resource information request signal RIREQ from the maritime buoy UBSC, transmits the resource allocation information after transmitting the information response signal RIREP for resource allocation in the same manner as the initialization process. Wait for reception of signal RAIS.

Meanwhile, after the underwater base station UBSi transmits a resource reassignment request signal RAREQ to the UBSC according to the traffic amount flowing into the buffer, the UBSC performs the following operations.

It is determined whether the underwater base station UBSi, which has transmitted the resource reassignment request signal RAREQ, is a resource returning underwater base station or a resource requesting underwater base station.

If it is determined that the underwater base station is the resource returning underwater base station, the UBSC transmits a resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the underwater base station, and traffic of the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ). The information of the base station is adjusted down by using the information.

Thereafter, the surplus resource amount is updated, and the resource allocation information transmission signal RAIS is transmitted.

On the other hand, when it is determined that the underwater base station is a resource request underwater base station, it transmits a resource reassignment request reception acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the underwater base station, and the corresponding underwater using the traffic information of the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ) Adjust the resources of the base station up.

Thereafter, the surplus resource amount is updated, and the required resource amount is calculated according to the following equation.

는 단위 시간에 수중 기지국(UBSi)에서 처리되는 트래픽 양을 의미한다.Where n is a discrete time index,

Denotes the amount of traffic processed by the underwater base station (UBSi) in unit time.

), 해당 수중 기지국에 자원 할당 정보 송신 신호(RAIS)를 전송한다.When it is determined whether or not there is a surplus resource in the maritime buoy (UBSC), as shown in Figure 8, when it is determined that there is a surplus of resources in the maritime buoy (UBSC) (

Transmits a resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) to the corresponding underwater base station.

), 도 9에서 보는 바와 같이, 초기화 과정으로 회귀하여 전체 수중 기지국(UBSi)들에게 자원 정보 요청 신호(RIREQ)를 전송한다.On the other hand, if it is determined at the stage that there is no margin of surplus resources in UBSC (

9, it returns to the initialization process and transmits a resource information request signal RIREQ to all underwater base stations UBSi.

), 드롭되는 트래픽 양(

), 자원 이용율(

)에 대한 트래픽 정보값을 현재 값을 이용하여 자원을 재조정한다. As described above, when the normal process returns to the initialization process due to lack of surplus resources in the UBSC, as described in the operation description of the initialization step, the queue length of the underwater base station (UBSi)

), The amount of traffic dropped (

), Resource utilization (

Rebalance the resource using the current value of the traffic information value.

As such, the underwater uplink resource allocation method in the non-guaranteed link capacity of the present invention applies the Internet of Things technology in the land to the field of wireless communication in the field of collecting and utilizing various underwater information. By adaptively distributing resources in response to a rebalancing request, it is possible to resolve a problem of collision with existing limited bandwidth due to traffic increase.

Through this, the traffic transmission amount is drastically increased by solving the problem of the existing limited bandwidth caused by the increase of traffic through various underwater objects by increasing the yield through efficient resource allocation.

In addition, according to the underwater communication environment and transmission distance, it is possible to flexibly distribute resources to multiple access schemes having various modulation and coding scheme levels.

In addition, when resource rebalancing is required when resources to be distributed are excessively or insufficiently, there is no need to set a resource allocation cycle separately, thereby reducing message overhead due to periodic resource allocation and improving energy efficiency.

While various embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to some examples, the descriptions of the various embodiments described in the "Specific Embodiments of the Invention" section are merely illustrative, and the present invention has been described. Those skilled in the art will understand from the above description that the present invention can be variously modified or implemented in accordance with the present invention.

In addition, the present invention is not limited by the above description because it can be implemented in a variety of other forms, the above description is intended to complete the disclosure of the present invention is usually in the technical field to which the present invention belongs It should be understood that the present invention is provided only to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is defined only by the claims of the claims.

Claims (10)

In a non-guaranteed link capacity type underwater network system having a marine buoy (UBSC) and a plurality of underwater base station (UBSi) network structures,
Underwater information collected from a plurality of underwater nodes (UN) using the Internet of Things technology is transmitted to the maritime buoy (UBSC) in a single carrier resource allocation scheme using one frequency each through the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) ,
The resource allocation is assigned using the maximum traffic amount, average traffic amount and standard deviation of a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network during a resource allocation period,
Treating the underwater nodes as a kind of thing so that the traffic increase through the underwater thing and the traffic increase due to the addition of the process of security, privacy and authentication do not conflict with the existing limited bandwidth through the IoT technology,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 1,
The resource allocation is
(a) When the marine buoy (UBSC) requests information for resource allocation and the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) responds according to the current execution step, the marine buoy (UBSC) performs a resource allocation algorithm and then resources An initialization step of transmitting allocation information and setting initial uplink capacity by the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi); And
(b) If it is determined that the resources flowing into the buffers of the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) are insufficient or exceeded, the corresponding underwater base station requests resource reallocation, and the marine buoy (UBSC) re-executes the resource allocation algorithm. A regular process step of determining reassignment of resources or reversion to the initialization step according to whether there is a margin of surplus resources;
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 2,
Step (a) is
(a-1) the UBSC transmitting an information request signal RIREQ for resource allocation to the plurality of underwater base stations UBSi for each cluster;
(a-2) generating and transmitting an information response signal (RIREP) for resource allocation including traffic information by the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi);
(a-3) determining whether the UBSC has received an information response signal RIREP for allocating resources from all underwater base stations UBSi in the network by waiting for one frame;
(a-4) When received from all underwater base stations (UBSi), the maritime buoy (UBSC) performs the resource allocation algorithm, and transmits a resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) for determining the resources of the corresponding underwater base stations Making; And
(a-5) Underwater base stations (UBSis) receiving the resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) respectively set the initial uplink capacity and transmit a resource allocation information transmission confirmation signal (RAISACK) to the sea buoy (UBSC). Transmitting;
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 3, wherein
In the step (a-2)
When the current execution step performs the initial resource distribution protocol, the queue lengths of the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi)

), The amount of traffic dropped (

) And resource utilization (

Transmitting a traffic information value for; And
When the current execution step proceeds to the regression of the initialization step due to the insufficient amount of surplus resources in the BUSC (UBSC), the queue length (

), The amount of traffic dropped (

) And resource utilization (

Transmitting a current traffic information value or a cumulative average value for;
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 2,
Step (b) is
(b-1) determining whether there is a shortage or excess of resources according to the amount of traffic flowing into the buffer;
(b-2) if it is determined that the resource is insufficient or exceeded, transmitting a resource reallocation request signal (RAREQ) to the maritime buoy (UBSC);
(b-3) the marine buoy (UBSC) transmitting a resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the corresponding underwater base station in response to the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ), and performing the resource allocation algorithm again. ;
(b-4) transmitting a resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) by the UBSC when there is a surplus of resources in the UBSC; And
(b-5) the base station receiving the resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS) to reallocate resources and transmitting a resource allocation information reception confirmation signal (RAISACK);
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 5,
In the step (b-2),
(A) if it is determined that the resource is exceeded, performing a resource return by the corresponding underwater base station; And
(B) if it is determined that the resource is insufficient, performing the resource rebalancing request by the corresponding underwater base station;
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 6,
In the step (B),
If there is no surplus resource in the UBSC
Receiving, by the underwater base station, a resource information request signal RIREQ from the maritime buoy; And
Transmitting an information response signal (RIREP) for resource allocation in the same manner as in the initializing step, and then waiting for reception of the resource allocation information transmission signal (RAIS);
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 5,
Step (b-3)
Determining whether an underwater base station (UBSi) that has transmitted the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ) is a resource returning underwater base station or a resource requesting underwater base station;
If it is determined that the underwater base station is a resource returning underwater base station, the UBSC transmits the resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the underwater base station;
Adjusting, by the UBSC, the resource of the corresponding underwater base station by using the traffic information of the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ); And
Updating, by the UBSC, the amount of surplus resources;
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
The method of claim 8,
Step (b-3)
If it is determined that the underwater base station is a resource request underwater base station, the UBSC transmits the resource reassignment request acknowledgment signal (RAACK) to the underwater base station;
Adjusting, by the UBSC, uplink resources of the corresponding underwater base station by using the traffic information of the resource reassignment request signal (RAREQ); And
The UBSC updating a surplus resource amount and calculating a required resource amount;
Characterized in that it comprises a,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.
In a non-guaranteed link capacity type underwater network system having a marine buoy (UBSC) and a plurality of underwater base station (UBSi) network structures,
Underwater information collected from a plurality of underwater nodes (UN) using the Internet of Things technology is transmitted to the maritime buoy (UBSC) in a single carrier resource allocation scheme using one frequency each through the plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) ,
The resource allocation is assigned using the maximum traffic amount, average traffic amount and standard deviation of a plurality of underwater base stations (UBSi) in the network during a resource allocation period,
The underwater base station (UBSi) into which more traffic flows than a predetermined amount is allocated to the maximum amount of traffic that can be allocated, and the underwater base station (UBSi) into which the traffic flows less than the predetermined amount is set by a linear ratio. Resources will be allocated,
Treating the underwater nodes as a kind of thing so that the traffic increase through the underwater thing and the traffic increase due to the addition of the process of security, privacy and authentication do not conflict with the existing limited bandwidth through the IoT technology,
Underwater uplink resource allocation method with unguaranteed link capacity.

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