KR102007550B1 - 금속의 유도 가열용 회로 - Google Patents

금속의 유도 가열용 회로 Download PDF

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Publication number
KR102007550B1
KR102007550B1 KR1020147020088A KR20147020088A KR102007550B1 KR 102007550 B1 KR102007550 B1 KR 102007550B1 KR 1020147020088 A KR1020147020088 A KR 1020147020088A KR 20147020088 A KR20147020088 A KR 20147020088A KR 102007550 B1 KR102007550 B1 KR 102007550B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
metal
temperature
excitation
load impedance
bed
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KR1020147020088A
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English (en)
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KR20140116876A (ko
Inventor
루치안 할라다
마크지밀리안 부르미처
Original Assignee
케 켈릿 쿤스트슈토프베르크 게엠베하
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Publication of KR20140116876A publication Critical patent/KR20140116876A/ko
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91214—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods by measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to one of the parts to be welded, said element acting, e.g. as a thermistor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/963—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process using stored or historical data sets, e.g. using expert systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/32—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using change of resonant frequency of a crystal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/3648—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip said strip being perforated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

본 발명은 변압기를 사용하여 선택적으로 비자성 베드에 매립된 금속을 유도 가열하는 회로에 관한 것이다. 변압기는 금속에서 여자 전류 (IL)와 여자 전압 (UL)에 따른 와전류를 유도하고, 가열될 금속과 함께 부하 임피던스( XL )를 형성한다. 추가적으로, 가열될 금속의 온도 모니터링도 제공된다. 유리한 모니터링 조건을 제공하기 위하여, 부하 임피던스( XL )는 바람직하게는 공진 진동수의 영역에서 동작하고, 여자 전류(IL)와 여자 전압(UL) 및 이들의 상대적 위상 변이(Δφ)는 금속이 가열되었을 때 측정 및 로깅되며, 위상 변이(Δφ)에 비례하는 온도진행은 여자 전류(IL )와 여자 전압(UL ) 및 위상 변이(Δφ)로부터 산출된다.

Description

금속의 유도 가열용 회로{Circuit for the inductive heating of a metal}
본 발명은, 여자전류(exciter current) 및 여자전압(exciter voltage)에 의해 금속에 와전류를 유도하는 변압기를 사용하여, 선택적으로 비자성 베드(a non-magnetic bed)에 매립된 금속의 유도 가열을 수행하는 회로에 관한 것으로, 이 회로는 온도 모니터링이 제공되는 가열될 금속과 함께 부하 임피던스를 형성한다.
이와 같이 용접 장치에 일체화되는 회로는 플라스틱 라인(a plastic line)의 개별 샷(individual shots)을 연결하는 데 사용된다. 이러한 목적을 위해, 열가소성 합성 재료로 제조된 관 또는 재킷관은 열가소성 연결 슬리브에 의해 서로 연결된다.
공판(perforated plate)으로 제조된 하나의 특정 일체형 링(one respective self-contained ring)을 열가소성 합성 재료로 제조된 관과 슬리브 사이에 삽입하여, 공판 링(perforated plate ring) 영역의 슬리브를 둘러싸는 유도 코일을 사용하여 공판에서 와전류를 유도하고, 판 링이 가열되면서, 연결된 열가소성 재료의 슬리브와 재킷관의 연결 영역에서 용융 효과를 얻게 되어, 슬리브와 재킷관 사이에 공판을 통한 완전한 용접부(intimate welded connection)가 얻어지는 목적(WO 2007/128384 A2)이 잘 알려져 있다.
상술한 장치는 특허출원 A 2058/2010에 더 상세하게 기재되어 있다. 이러한 장치로 제공되는 용접 방법의 가장 중요한 이점 중 하나는 연결 슬리브에 필요한 용접 에너지를 공급하기 위해 연결 와이어가 요구되지 않는다는 것이다. 이는, 연결 와이어의 통로 영역에서 일어나는 히터-나선형 저항 용접 방법(heater-spiral resistance welding methods)에서 발생하는 교란 영역(disturbance zone)이 용접부와 비-용접부 재료(welded and non-welded material) 사이의 전이점에서 일어나는 것을 방지한다. 모든 방법에서 동일하듯이 용접 공정의 온도에 대한 모니터링을 실행하고, 선택적으로 이를 제어하는 것이 바람직하다. 지금까지, 이러한 모니터링은 오로지 용접 영역에 설치된 온도 센서로 달성될 수 있었으나, 센서를 장착하는 것은 비실용적이다.
이와 같이, 본 발명의 목적은 선택적으로 비자성 베드에 매립된 금속의 유도 가열에 사용되는 회로를 제공하기 위함이며, 특히, 장거리 열선의 재킷관에 슬리브를 유도 용접하기 위한 것이다. 이로 인해, 용접에 영향을 미치는 일 없이 용접 영역의 온도진행(temperature progression) 측정이 이루어진다. 특히, 본 발명의 추가적인 실시예에 따라 용접 영역의 완전한 용융의 모니터링과 용접선(welding seam)의 로깅(logging)이 가능하다.
상술한 목적은, 부하 임피던스가 바람직하게는 그의 공진 주파수 영역에서 동작되고, 여자전류 및 여자전압, 그리고 이들의 상대적 위상 변이가 금속의 가열 시 측정되고 로깅되며, 위상 변이에 비례하는 온도진행이 여자전류, 여자전압, 및 위상 변이로부터 산출되는 본 발명에 의해 달성된다. 본 발명의 유리한 추가적 실시예는 종속항에 기재되어 있다.
본 발명은 실시예에 근거하여 첨부도면에서 개략적으로 도시되어 있다. 여기서,
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 회로의 개략도이고;
도 2는 플라스틱 슬리브의 용접 공정 동안의 실시간 엔탈피를 나타내는 도면이며;
도 3은 플라스틱 슬리브의 용접 영역에서의 실시간 온도진행을 나타내는 도면이다.
용접 영역의 용접 및 온도 모니터링용으로 사용되는 전기 전도성 케이블 또는 와이어의 공급 또는 도입과 연관된 시스템적 단점(systemic weaknesses)을 완전히 방지하기 위하여, 본 발명에 따른 비접촉 간접 온도측정이 제공된다.
상술한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 용접 발전기로 유도 용접 시 1차 코일에 의해 전송되고 평가되는 파라미터로부터 2차 코일, 즉 폐쇄 가열금속(closed heating metal; 예를 들어 가열 금속 스트립) 내의 온도측정이 필요하다. 이 측정 작업에 대한 해결안을 아래에 상술한다.
본 출원에서, 에너지 전달은 1차 에어 코일(a primary air coil)에서 2차 측, 즉 금속 스트립인 가열될 금속으로 유도되어 이루어진다. 금속 스트립의 온도는 과정 및 실험 이유로 직접 측정 없이 검출되어야 한다.
사용되는 재료에 따라, 금속 스트립은 대략 고 정온도 또는 부온도 계수를 갖는다. 따라서, 금속 스트립은 고온보다는 저온에서 전류 전도가 더 우수한 재료로 구성되며, 이의 전기 저항은 온도 상승에 따라 증가한다. 이러한 사항은 용접 공정시 온도진행의 검출을 위해 이용된다. 주회로도(principal circuit diagram)의 도면(도 1)에 도시된 바와 같이, 우세한 유도성 부하 회로는 바이패스 커패시터에 의해 보상된다. 도 1에서 C1은 바이패스 커패시터이고, X1은 누설 인덕턴스, X2는 자화 인덕턴스(inductance for magnetization), X3는 2차 인덕턴스 (제1 측으로 변환됨)이며, RL는 온도의존 금속 저항기로 실시예에서 보여지는 스트립 저항이다. 이러한 저항기는 공급(supply)에 적용되는 부하 임피던스(XL)를 공동으로 형성하며, 부하 임피던스에 여자전류 및 여자전압이 적용된다.
도시된 모델에서 스트립 저항의 저항 변화(ΔRL)는 전체 회로의 총저항(ZL)의 변화를 가져온다. 이는, 전력, 전압, 및 전류의 변화와 같은 다른 영향들과 관계없이 공급 전압(UV)과 공급 전류(IV) 간의 전력 공급의 위상 변이를 유발한다. 회로가 공진 주파수의 범위에서 작동하게 되면 매우 유용한 결과를 가져온다. 특히, ΔRL은 ΔZL에 비례하고, ΔZL은 Δφ에 동일하기 때문에, ΔRL은 Δφ와 동일하다. 공급 전압(UV)과 공급 전류(IV)를 시간이 경과함에 따라, 특히 실시간으로 측정함으로써 전력 공급의 위상 변이(Δφ)와 이에 따른 금속의 저항 (RL)을 수학적 모델에 의해 측정할 수 있다. 결과적으로, 용접 공정 동안 저항 진행(resistance progression)이 로깅될 수 있다. 금속의 PTC서미스터 특성(PTC thermistor properties; 즉, 온도 의존성)으로 인해 상술한 저항 진행은 용접 공정 동안 온도진행에 비례한다.
Figure 112019027106831-pct00001

다른 실시예로서, 온도 의존성 금속 저항기는 NTC 서미스터(NTC thermistor)일 수 있다.
여기서, R0는 상온(T0)에서의 공칭저항(nominal resistance)이고, b 는 재료상수이며, TL는 검출되고 측정되며 각각 산출된 저항 (RL)과 연관되는 온도이다.
회로의 캘리브레이션(calibration)은 예를 들어 공급전압의 입력 주파수(F)가 ΔF으로 변화되도록 수행할 수 있다. 이는 모델 계산(model calculation)에 기초하여 부하 임피던스(XL)의 변화를 가져오고, 이어서 스트립 저항의 정의된 변화(ΔRL) 및 정의된 측정값(Δφ)을 가져온다.
측정값은 스트립의 가열온도에 비례하는 본 발명의 방법으로 결정될 수 있고, 이 방법을 실행하여 용접 영역에 있어서 온도값의 상대적 변화를 명확하게 도시할 수 있다. 정온도 계수를 갖는 재료로 구성된 2차 권선을 포함하는 모든 유도 가열 방법(예를 들어, 유도 오븐(induction oven)의 팬 기재)은 상술한 방법을 사용함으로써 상대적 온도변화의 상태로 캘리브레이트되어 모니터링 될 수 있다.
아래에 설명하는 회로를 사용하여 보다 개선되고 정확한 물리적 측정량(℃, °K)으로의 할당을 달성할 수 있다. 도 2 및 도 3 은 반결정성 중합체(예를 들어, 폴리에틸렌)의 용융 특성을 개략적으로 도시하고 있다. 물질의 엔탈피 함량(enthalpy content; H)(g당 에너지 양)은 온도(T) 상승에 따라 증가한다. 중합체는 그 분자 구조로 인해 정의된 융점을 갖고 있지 아니하나, 곡선 아래 해칭된 영역의 면적으로 가정할 수 있는 용융 범위를 갖는다.
이러한 재료의 특성으로 인해, 집합상태(aggregate state)의 변화 전후 시, 동일한 전원 공급을 갖는 열가소성 재료의 용융 공정에서 상당히 일정한 온도 상승(도 3)이 발생한다. 결정성 융점(PE의 경우 142 ℃)의 범위에서 용접부(welding spot)의 온도 증가는 가열금속 주변의 재료가 대부분 가소화된 상태(plasticized state)로 전환되었을 때 오로지 일정한 에너지의 공급으로 발생한다. 이러한 온도점에서의 온도 상승의 지연은 도 3 에 도시되어 있다.
이러한 사항은 본 발명에 따라 사용되어, 동작 시 PTC 서미스터로서 배열된 금속의 저항이 항상 산출되고 바람직하게는 로깅되며, 베드의 용융 온도 도달시의 저항은 베드의 용융까지 거의 일정하게 유지되어 용융 후에 다시 상승한다. 또한, 저항 진행으로부터 산출된 온도진행은 메모리로 저장되기 전에 베드 재료의 용융온도로 조정된다.
각 용접 공정시 각각의 소프트웨어 지원으로 측정된 데이터는 온도진행이 실제 측정값에 할당될 수 있도록 상기한 온도점을 통과한 후 결정 융점온도(crystalline melting point temperature) 에 "첨부(attached)"된다. 따라서, 융점온도 통과 전후의 값은 몇 섭씨온도까지 정밀한 용접 스트립 온도로 할당될 수 있으며, 로그파일은 저항 진행으로부터 산출된 온도진행과 베드 재료와 연관된 용융온도 사이의 캘리브레이션 수행 시 해당 온도 곡선으로서 제공될 수 있다. 이를 위해, 산출된 용융 온도범위에서의 산출된 온도진행 곡선은, 예를 들어, 재료의 용융 온도 특성에 의해 온도축 방향으로 시프트된다.
나아가 본 발명은, 상술한 회로를 갖는, 용접 가능한 열가소성체의 용융 연결을 위한 유도 연결 슬리브용 유도 용접 장치(상세히 도시하지 않음)에 관한 것이다.

Claims (5)

  1. 비자성 베드;
    상기 비자성 베드에 매립된 금속; 및
    상기 금속의 유도 가열을 위한, 그리고 상기 금속의 온도를 모니터링하기 위한 회로로서, 변압기와 상기 금속을 포함하는 회로;를 포함하고,
    상기 변압기는 여자 전류 및 여자 전압에 의해 상기 금속에 와전류를 유도하고,
    상기 변압기 및 상기 금속은 함께 부하 임피던스를 형성하며,
    부하 임피던스는 공진 주파수의 영역에서 동작하고,
    여자 전류 및 여자 전압, 그리고 이들의 상대적 위상 변이는 상기 금속이 가열될 때 측정 및 로깅되며(logged),
    상기 금속의 온도진행(temperature progression)은 여자 전류, 여자 전압, 및 위상 변이로부터 산출되고,
    상기 온도진행은 위상 변위에 비례하는 것을 특징으로 하는 유도 용접 장치.
  2. 제1항에 있어서,
    여자 전압은 부하 임피던스에 적용되고,
    여자 전압의 주파수는 캘리브레이션(calibration)을 위해 변화되어 위상 변이와 부하 임피던스 변화를 생성하며,
    상기 금속은 PTC 서미스터(PTC thermistor) 또는 NTC 서미스터(NTC thermistor)를 포함하고, 그리고
    PTC 서미스터 또는 NTC 서미스터의 저항에서의 변화는, 부하 임피던스(XL)의 수학적 모델을 사용하여, 여자 전류, 여자 전압 및 위상 변이로부터 산출되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유도 용접 장치.
  3. 제2항에 있어서,
    상기 부하 임피던스 변화가 로깅되는(logged) 것을 특징으로 하는 유도 용접 장치.
  4. 제1항에 있어서,
    메모리를 더 포함하며,
    상기 금속은 PTC 서미스터 또는 NTC 서미스터를 포함하고,
    PTC 서미스터 또는 NTC 서미스터의 저항은 동작시(during operation) 항상 산출되고,
    상기 저항은 일부 영역(in a region)에서 일정하게 유지되고 그후에 상승하며,
    상기 온도진행은 상기 저항의 진행(a progression of the resistnace)으로부터 산출되고, 그리고
    상기 온도진행은 상기 메모리에 상기 온도진행이 저장되기 전에 상기 비자성 베드의 재료의 고유 용융온도로 캘리브레이트되는 것을 특징으로 하는 유도 용접 장치.
  5. 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 비자성 베드는 플라스틱 베드인 것을 특징으로 하는 유도 용접 장치.
KR1020147020088A 2012-01-17 2013-01-15 금속의 유도 가열용 회로 KR102007550B1 (ko)

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