KR101981926B1 - Apparatus for evaluating combustion of fuel for fluidizing-bed boiler and method for evaluating combustion of fuel using the same - Google Patents

Apparatus for evaluating combustion of fuel for fluidizing-bed boiler and method for evaluating combustion of fuel using the same Download PDF

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KR101981926B1
KR101981926B1 KR1020170136534A KR20170136534A KR101981926B1 KR 101981926 B1 KR101981926 B1 KR 101981926B1 KR 1020170136534 A KR1020170136534 A KR 1020170136534A KR 20170136534 A KR20170136534 A KR 20170136534A KR 101981926 B1 KR101981926 B1 KR 101981926B1
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South Korea
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fuel
combustion
combustion chamber
refractory
gas
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KR1020170136534A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20190044285A (en
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박경일
이종민
김동원
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한국전력공사
한국남동발전(주)
한국남부발전 주식회사
한국동서발전(주)
두산중공업 주식회사
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Priority to KR1020170136534A priority Critical patent/KR101981926B1/en
Priority to PCT/KR2018/000293 priority patent/WO2019078414A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
    • G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler and a method of evaluating the combustion of the fuel using the apparatus. In one embodiment, the combustion evaluation apparatus for a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler includes a combustion chamber for combusting fuel and a fluid medium; A fuel supply unit provided at one side of the lower portion of the combustion chamber to supply fuel to the combustion chamber; A cyclone connected to an upper portion of the combustion chamber to separate the solid particles and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber; A downcomer connected to a lower portion of the cyclone through a connection line to collect the solid particles; And a group chamber connected to a lower portion of the downcomer, in which the solid particles are stored.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler, and a method for evaluating the combustion of a fuel using the apparatus.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler and a method of evaluating the combustion of the fuel using the apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler, which is capable of evaluating the combustibility and environmental performance of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler, and a method for evaluating the combustion of a fuel using the apparatus.

The circulating fluidized bed combustion is a method in which fuel such as coal and solid fuel is injected into a combustion furnace filled with a fluid medium such as sand or the like and flows together and combusted. The circulating fluidized bed combustion has a fast combustion reaction and a relatively low operating temperature as compared with the conventional coal-fired power combustion method, thereby generating a small amount of nitrogen oxides.

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a general fluidized bed boiler. 1, the combustion evaluation apparatus 100 is configured such that the solid fuel stored in the fuel storage unit 10 is charged into the combustion chamber 20 through the fuel feeder 11, and the solid fuel is supplied into the combustion chamber 20 (Such as sand, asbestos, unburned carbon, etc.) and combustion gases (such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and carbon monoxide) are mixed with the fluidized medium (sand) The solid component and the gaseous component are separated from each other in the cyclone 30 and the gaseous component is transferred to the rear end through the back path 24 and the solid component is loop- Flows into the combustion furnace 20 through the transfer pipe 26, The combustion air is divided into primary air 1 and secondary air 2 and is supplied to the combustion chamber 20. An external heater 50 provided outside the combustion chamber 20 for maintaining the temperature of the combustion furnace ) Is used.

However, when the combustion evaluation test of the fuel is carried out using the combustion evaluation apparatus 100, the external heater 50 is used as a heat source for maintaining the temperature of the combustion furnace, so that the heat loss is large and the economy is low. (Not shown) provided in the fuel tank 11, it is difficult to uniformly supply the fuel. In addition, due to the pressure fluctuation of the combustion chamber 20, reverse flow of the gas occurs to the feeder 11, resulting in a fire in the fuel storage unit 10, low stability of the apparatus, limited sampling of gas and solid components, There is a problem in that it is difficult to measure the combustion fraction and the real-time solid circulation amount by the position of the combustion chamber 20, and thus the combustibility of the fuel and the reliability of the environmental evaluation result are low.

Prior art relating to the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1998-227412 (published on Aug. 25, 1998, entitled " Evaluation Apparatus for a Fluidized Bed Boiler " The document includes a case for filling solid particles; A gas blowing means disposed in a lower portion of the case; Gas supplying means for injecting a fuel gas and a retarding gas into the case from the gas blowing means; Combustion gas sampling means for sampling the combustion gas inside the case; And a measuring means for measuring the oxygen concentration of the combustion gas taken by the combustion gas sampling means.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler, which is excellent in the accuracy and reliability of the results of the evaluation of the combustibility and the environmental performance of the fuel.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler which is excellent in stability.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler which is capable of measuring a combustion fraction and a real-time solid circulation amount for each position of the fuel.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler which is capable of maintaining the temperature of the combustion chamber by the combustion heat of the fuel without an external heater.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for evaluating the combustion of fuel using the apparatus for evaluating the combustion of the fuel for the fluidized bed boiler.

One aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for testing combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler. The combustion test apparatus includes a combustion chamber for combusting fuel and a fluid medium; A fuel supply unit provided at one side of the lower portion of the combustion chamber to supply fuel to the combustion chamber; A cyclone connected to an upper portion of the combustion chamber to separate the solid particles and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber; A downcomer connected to a lower portion of the cyclone through a connection line to collect the solid particles; And a group chamber connected to a lower portion of the downcomer to store the solid particles, wherein the fuel supply unit includes a fuel storage tank in which fuel is stored, a weight provided in the upper portion of the fuel storage tank for measuring the weight of the fuel, And a fuel feeder provided at a lower portion of the fuel storage tank and configured to rotate a screw provided therein to supply fuel to the combustion chamber, wherein at least a part of the lower sidewall is made of a first refractory material, Wherein the first refractory is formed by a second refractory and the first air and the trace gas are introduced into the lower portion of the combustion chamber, the first refractory is spaced apart from the first refractory by a position where the dispersion plate is formed, The flue gas separated from the cyclone is discharged to the outside through the back pass, and one side of the first refractory is connected to the fuel feeder And the solid particles stored in the group chamber are introduced into the combustion chamber through a transfer tube formed through the other side of the first refractory, and the second particle of the second part of the combustion chamber side wall is introduced into the combustion chamber, A secondary air supply line is formed in the refractory to introduce secondary air.

In one embodiment, the second refractory may comprise Inconel material.

In one embodiment, the height H of the first refractory may be 0.1 to 1.0 m, based on the location of the dispersion plate.

In one embodiment, the outer diameter A1 of the region where the second refractory is formed may satisfy the following formula 1:

[Formula 1]

B1? A1? B2

(Where B1 is the inner diameter of the region where the first refractory is formed, and B2 is the outer diameter of the region where the first refractory is formed).

In one embodiment, the first inflow pipe may be formed at an angle of 135 ° or more with the sidewall of the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment, at least one air-cooled solid particle layer may be further formed on the side wall of the combustion chamber where the second refractory is formed.

In one embodiment, a purging gas inlet may be further formed in the connecting portion of the fuel feeder and the first inflow pipe.

In one embodiment, the first pressure measuring unit and the second pressure measuring unit may be respectively provided at a connecting portion between the cyclone and the connecting line and below the downcomer.

In one embodiment, the height difference between the first pressure measuring unit and the second pressure measuring unit may be 2 m or less.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the combustion of fuel using the apparatus for evaluating the combustion of the fuel for the fluidized bed boiler. A method for evaluating the combustion of a fuel using a combustion evaluation apparatus for a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler, the method comprising: setting a fuel input amount and setting a screw revolution number of a fuel feeder corresponding to the fuel input amount; And injecting fuel into the combustion chamber by rotating the screw according to the set number of revolutions and injecting primary air, secondary air, and tracking gas into the combustion chamber and burning the combustion chamber, The combustion fraction of each position is measured.

In one embodiment, the step of setting the screw rotation speed of the fuel feeder includes the steps of: setting a fuel input amount; Determining a screw rotation speed of a fuel feeder for injecting the set fuel amount into the combustion chamber; Calculating a fuel injection amount measurement value by averaging the fuel injection amount a plurality of times using a change in weight of the fuel storage part in a weight measuring part by applying fuel to the combustion chamber by applying the screw rotation speed; Calculating an error rate between the fuel input set value and the measured value; And resetting the number of revolutions of the screw of the fuel feeder when the error rate is not more than 2%, and when the error rate is more than 2%, resetting the number of revolutions of the screw of the fuel feeder.

In one embodiment, the step of measuring the combustion fraction for each position of the combustion evaluation apparatus may include dividing the combustion furnace into a plurality of sections with respect to the height direction, and using the oxygen meter and the trace gas meter, Measuring the concentration of oxygen and the trace gas at the outlet location; Correcting the measured trace gas concentration value; Calculating an amount of combustion gas at an inlet and an outlet position of each section by using the input flow rate of the oxygen and the trace gas, and the corrected trace gas concentration value; And measuring the combustion fraction for each section using the amount of combustion gas at the outlet position.

In one embodiment, the combustion evaluation method further measures a circulation amount of the solid particles discharged from the combustion chamber of the combustion evaluation apparatus during the combustion, wherein the solid particle circulation amount is a sum of a circulation amount of the solid particles, Measuring a pressure difference between a first pressure measuring unit and a second pressure measuring unit provided below the downcomer, wherein the solid particle circulation amount can be derived by the following equation 1:

[Formula 1]

(Kg / m 2 ) = solid particle fraction x solid particle density (kg / m 3 ) x solid particle flow rate (m / s)

(In the above-mentioned formula (1), the solid particle fraction and the solid particle flow rate are derived from the following equations (2) and (3), respectively)

[Equation 2]

Height between the solid particle fraction = (first and second pressure portion pressure measurement (mmH 2 O)) / (density of the solid particles (kg / m 3)) X ( first and second pressure measuring unit difference (m) )

[Equation 3]

Solid particle flow rate (m / s) = 0.0531 x downcomer diameter (inch) + 0.029.

The present invention relates to a test apparatus and a test method for evaluating the flammability and the environment of a fuel used in a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and is a technology that can be used for practical commercial fluidized bed power plants because mutual comparison of fuel is possible. The existing test equipment supplies the heat source with the external heater to maintain the temperature of the combustion chamber, which is large in heat loss and uneconomical. In addition, it is difficult to uniformly supply solid fuel, and there is a high risk that a back flow of gas to the fuel supply equipment occurs due to the pressure fluctuation in the combustion chamber and combustion occurs before the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, It was difficult to trust the combustion performance and the environmental evaluation results of the fuel. The present invention solves the existing problems and also effectively analyzes the combustion properties and the environmental properties of the fuel at each stage of the combustion chamber, and can also measure important scale-up factors that can not be measured in conventional devices such as combustion fraction and solid circulation amount have.

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for evaluating the combustion of a fuel for a general fluidized bed boiler.
FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for testing the combustion of fuel for a fluidized bed boiler according to one embodiment of the present invention.
3 shows a fuel supply unit of a combustion test apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
4 shows a cyclone and a downcomer of a combustion test apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a graph showing the He concentration distribution according to the combustion furnace height of the combustion evaluation device of the present invention.
6 is a graph showing the temperature and pressure profile according to the height of the combustion chamber of the combustion test apparatus according to the present invention.
7 shows the results of the change in the amount of fuel input during the combustion evaluation test using the combustion test apparatus according to the present invention.

In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Combustion test equipment for fuel for fluidized bed boiler

One aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for testing combustion of a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler. FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for testing the combustion of fuel for a fluidized bed boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a fuel supply unit of the combustion testing apparatus.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the combustion test apparatus 1000 includes a combustion chamber 200 for combusting fuel and a fluid medium; A fuel supply unit provided at one side of the lower portion of the combustion chamber to supply fuel to the combustion chamber; A cyclone 220 connected to the combustion chamber upper part 202 to separate solid particles and exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 200; A downcomer 230 connected to the lower portion of the cyclone 220 through a connection line to collect the solid particles; The fuel supply unit includes a fuel storage tank (101a, 101b) in which fuel is stored, a fuel storage tank (210) provided in an upper portion of the fuel storage tank And a fuel feeder 110 provided at a lower portion of the fuel storage tank for rotating the screw 112 to supply fuel to the combustion chamber. The exhaust gas separated in the cyclone 220 is discharged to the outside through the back path 210 and the solid particles stored in the group chamber 240 are introduced into the combustion chamber 200 through the transfer pipe 242.

2 and 3, at least a part of the lower sidewall of the combustion chamber 200 is formed of a first refractory 300, and a region of the refractory 300 excluding the first refractory 300 is composed of a second refractory 320 A dispersion plate 330 is disposed under the combustion chamber 200 to introduce the first air 4 and the trace gas 5. [ In one embodiment, the tracking gas 5 may comprise helium (He) gas. When the helium gas is applied, the interference due to the combustion reaction can be minimized, and the combustion fraction of the combustion test apparatus 1000 can be easily measured and analyzed.

In one embodiment, the first refractory may be any conventional one. For example, the first refractory may comprise at least one of alumina, silica, clay and silicon carbide.

In one embodiment, the second refractory may comprise Inconel material. In one embodiment, the inconel material may be a heat resistant alloy comprising nickel (Ni). (Al), manganese (Mn), and silicon (Si), for example, 100 parts by weight of nickel, 5 to 20 parts by weight of chromium (Cr), 5 to 7 parts by weight of iron (Si) 5 parts by weight or less. When the second refractory is formed of the inconel material, the corrosion resistance of the inconelance is excellent, so that the durability of the combustion test apparatus of the present invention can be excellent.

Referring to FIG. 3, the first refractory 300 is formed at a position spaced apart from a position where the dispersion plate 330 is formed. In one embodiment, the height H of the first refractory may be 0.1 to 1.0 m. When the first refractory is formed under the above conditions, the refractory is excellent without inhibiting the diffusion of the primary air by the dispersion plate, and heat is transferred to the fuel supply unit due to heat conduction during the combustion test to cause fire and explosion So that it is possible to prevent the phenomenon and to improve the work stability.

When the refractory height H is formed at a position less than 0.1 m from the position of the dispersion plate, the dispersion effect of the primary air by the dispersion plate may be deteriorated.

A first inflow pipe 114 connected to the fuel feeder 110 is formed at one side of the first refractory 300 to allow the fuel to flow into the combustion chamber and the second refractory 310 at the side wall of the combustion chamber An air supply pipe (not shown) is formed and the secondary air 6 flows.

In one embodiment, the outer diameter A1 of the region where the second refractory is formed may be formed by satisfying the following formula 1:

[Formula 1]

B1? A1? B2

(Where B1 is the inner diameter of the region where the first refractory is formed, and B2 is the outer diameter of the region where the first refractory is formed).

In the combustion test in the combustion chamber under the above conditions, it is possible to prevent the first refractory from being worn and damaged by the fuel and the fluid medium during the combustion.

In one embodiment, the first inlet pipe 114 may be formed at an angle of 135 ° or more with the sidewall of the combustion chamber 200. Under the above conditions, the fuel is not stagnated in the first inflow pipe 114, so that the working efficiency can be excellent. For example, from 135 to 170 °.

In one embodiment, at least one air-cooled solid particle layer 310 may be formed on the sidewall of the second refractory of the combustion chamber. For example, it may be provided at the upper and lower portions of the combustion chamber 200 as shown in FIG. Under the above conditions, accurate temperature control of the combustion furnace may be possible.

In one embodiment, the solid particle layer may comprise at least one of alumina and silica. When these components are included, temperature control with accurate burning may be possible.

Referring to FIG. 3, a purging gas inlet 116 is further formed at a connection portion between the fuel feeder 110 and the first inlet pipe 114, so that a purging gas can be introduced. In one embodiment, the purging gas may comprise one or more of air and nitrogen. For example nitrogen. When the purging gas is injected, the pressure in the fuel supply unit and the combustion chamber can be easily adjusted, so that the accuracy of the fuel weight measurement value can be improved.

Further, when the weight of the fuel is measured at the lower part of the fuel storage units 101a and 101b, it is necessary to measure the total weight of the fuel supply system, so that it is difficult to measure the weight of the actual fuel. Therefore, in the present invention, weight measuring units 102a and 102b are provided on top of the fuel storage units 101a and 101b to measure the weight of the fuel, and the fuel storage unit and the fuel feeder are connected to each other through joint pipes 103a and 103b ). Under the above conditions, the accuracy of the fuel weight measurement value can be excellent.

In one embodiment, the screw 112 of the fuel feeder 110 is provided so as not to be in contact with the first refractory 300, so that the metal material can be in contact with the first refractory 300 to prevent heat conduction.

4 shows a cyclone and a downcomer according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, in order to prevent thermal deformation of the cyclone 220 and the downcomer 230, the connection line 236 may be formed of a flexible metal material.

In the present invention, the solid particles and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 200 are separated from the cyclone 220, the exhaust gas is discharged to the back path 210, and the solid particles are moved to the group room 240 through the downcomer 230 do. In one embodiment, the solid particles may include, but are not limited to, fluidized media and ash. In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of cyclones can be applied.

In one embodiment, the pressure difference between specific positions of the downcomer 230 can be measured and used to measure the circulation amount of the solid particles of the present invention. Particularly, the pressure difference value between the downcomer specific positions has a close relationship with the solid particle circulation amount, and the solid circulation amount tends to rise constantly according to the operating condition change of the fuel evaluation device of the present invention. And it is shown that the solid circulation amount can be predicted by the downcomer specific pressure differential pressure measurement.

In one embodiment, a first pressure measuring part 232 and a second pressure measuring part 234 may be provided on the connection part between the cyclone 220 and the connecting line 236 and the lower part of the downcomer 240 have. In one embodiment, the difference in height D between the first pressure measuring portion 232 and the second pressure measuring portion 234 is 2 m or less. When the pressure difference is measured at the position of the above condition, the accuracy of the predicted value of the solid particle circulation amount It can be excellent. For example, 0.5 to 2 m.

Evaluation Method of Combustion of Fuel Using Combustion Evaluation Apparatus for Fuel for Fluidized Bed Boiler

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for evaluating the combustion of fuel using the apparatus for evaluating the combustion of the fuel for the fluidized bed boiler. A method for evaluating the combustion of a fuel using a combustion evaluation apparatus for a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler, the method comprising: setting a fuel input amount and setting a screw revolution number of a fuel feeder corresponding to the fuel input amount; And injecting fuel into the combustion chamber by rotating the screw according to the set number of revolutions and injecting primary air, secondary air, and tracking gas into the combustion chamber and burning the combustion chamber, The combustion fraction of each position is measured.

In one embodiment, the step of setting the screw rotation speed of the fuel feeder includes the steps of: setting a fuel input amount; Determining a screw rotation speed of a fuel feeder for injecting the set fuel amount into the combustion chamber; Calculating a fuel injection amount measurement value by averaging the fuel injection amount a plurality of times using a change in weight of the fuel storage part in a weight measuring part by applying fuel to the combustion chamber by applying the screw rotation speed; Calculating an error rate between the fuel input set value and the measured value; And resetting the number of revolutions of the screw of the fuel feeder when the error rate is not more than 2%, and when the error rate is more than 2%, resetting the number of revolutions of the screw of the fuel feeder. For example, the fuel injection amount may be measured and measured a plurality of times by increasing or decreasing the number of revolutions (+ 1 Hz or -1 Hz).

In one embodiment, the step of measuring the combustion fraction for each position of the combustion evaluation apparatus may include dividing the combustion furnace into a plurality of sections with respect to the height direction, and using the oxygen meter and the trace gas meter, Measuring the concentration of oxygen and the trace gas at the outlet location; Correcting the measured trace gas concentration value; Calculating an amount of combustion gas at an inlet and an outlet position of each section by using the input flow rate of the oxygen and the trace gas, and the corrected trace gas concentration value; And measuring the combustion fraction for each section using the amount of combustion gas at the outlet position.

For example, it can be measured by deriving the combustion fraction for each section according to the following formula a:

[Formula a]

Figure 112017103754495-pat00001

(In the above formula (a), the inlet (outlet) oxygen flow rate (L / min) of each section satisfies the following formula (b)

[Formula b]

Min flow rate (L / min) x oxygen concentration (%) / 100 at each inlet (outlet)

(The flow rate of the combustion gas at each section inlet (outlet) in the above formula (b) satisfies the following formula c)

[Formula c]

(L / min) x 100 / (trace gas concentration (%))

The oxygen concentration for each section can be easily found by measuring the oxygen concentration by installing a gas sampling line at each inlet (outlet). However, the amount of combustion gas at each inlet (outlet) is very difficult to measure. In order to solve this problem, helium (He) gas was used as a tracking gas in the present invention, which was mixed with primary air and injected into a combustion furnace. Since He gas is not produced in the solid fuel combustion reaction, the flow rate of He (L / min) should be constant at any position. Therefore, the amount of combustion gas generated can be obtained from the above equation (c).

Here, He input amount is a known value, and the He concentration can be measured by using a He concentration analyzer at the same position when measuring the oxygen concentration.

5 is a graph showing the He concentration distribution according to the combustion furnace height of the combustion evaluation device of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that there is a difference in the He gas concentration depending on the height of the combustion evaluation apparatus of the present invention, and the degree of combustion varies depending on the position of the combustion furnace. In addition, since the He gas can partially interfere with the carbon dioxide contained in a large amount of the combustion gas, the correction of the carbon dioxide concentration must be performed in real time when using the He analyzer.

In one embodiment, the combustion evaluation method further measures a circulation amount of the solid particles discharged from the combustion chamber of the combustion evaluation apparatus during the combustion, wherein the solid particle circulation amount is a sum of a circulation amount of the solid particles, Measuring a pressure difference between a first pressure measuring unit and a second pressure measuring unit provided below the downcomer, wherein the solid particle circulation amount can be derived by the following equation 1:

 [Equation 1]

(Kg / m 2 ) = solid particle fraction x solid particle density (kg / m 3 ) x solid particle flow rate (m / s)

(In the above formula 1, the solid particle fraction and the solid particle flow rate are derived through the following equations 2 and 3, respectively)

[Equation 2]

Height between the solid particle fraction = (first and second pressure portion pressure measurement (mmH 2 O)) / (density of the solid particles (kg / m 3)) X ( first and second pressure measuring unit difference (m) )

[Equation 3]

Solid particle flow rate (m / s) = 0.0531 x downcomer diameter (inch) + 0.029.

The present invention relates to a test apparatus and a test method for evaluating the flammability and the environment of a fuel used in a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and is a technology that can be used for practical commercial fluidized bed power plants because mutual comparison of fuel is possible. The existing test equipment supplies the heat source with the external heater to maintain the temperature of the combustion chamber, which is large in heat loss and uneconomical. In addition, it is difficult to uniformly supply solid fuel, and there is a high risk that a back flow of gas to the fuel supply equipment occurs due to the pressure fluctuation in the combustion chamber and combustion occurs before the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, It was difficult to trust the combustion performance and the environmental evaluation results of the fuel. The present invention solves the existing problems and also effectively analyzes the combustion properties and the environmental properties of the fuel at each stage of the combustion chamber, and can also measure important scale-up factors that can not be measured in conventional devices such as combustion fraction and solid circulation amount have.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood, however, that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be construed in a limiting sense.

Example  And Comparative Example

Example

The combustion evaluation of the fuel was carried out using the combustion evaluation apparatus shown in Figs. 2 to 4. Fig. The combustion evaluation apparatus 1000 includes a combustion chamber 200 for combusting fuel and a fluid medium; A fuel supply unit provided at one side of the lower portion of the combustion chamber 200 to supply fuel to the combustion chamber 200; A cyclone 220 connected to the upper portion of the combustion chamber 200 to separate the solid particles and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 200; A downcomer 230 connected to the lower portion of the cyclone 220 through a connection line to collect the solid particles; And a group chamber 240 connected to a lower portion of the downcomer 230 and storing the solid particles. Although not shown in FIG. 2, two cyclones are connected to each other.

The fuel supply unit includes fuel storage vessels 101a and 101b in which fuel is stored and weight measurement units 102a and 102b and fuel storage vessels 101a and 101b disposed above the fuel storage vessels 101a and 101b to measure the weight of the fuel, And a fuel feeder 110 connected to the fuel reservoir through a flexible plastic and rotating the screw 112 provided inside the fuel feeder 110 to supply fuel to the combustion chamber.

At least a part of the lower sidewall of the combustion chamber 200 is formed of the first refractory 300 and a region of the refractory 300 excluding the first refractory 300 is formed of the second refractory 320 of Inconel. At this time, the dispersion plate 330 is disposed under the combustion chamber 200 to introduce the first air and the trace gas. The first refractory 300 is spaced apart by a height of 0.85 m from the position where the dispersion plate 330 is formed Respectively. Further, two air-cooled solid particle layers 310 are formed apart from each other between the first refractory of the combustion chamber 200 and the combustion chamber upper portion 202 and along the outer peripheral surface of the side wall of the second refractory.

A first inflow pipe 114 connected to the fuel feeder 110 is formed at one side of the first refractory so that the fuel flows into the first inflow pipe 114 and the purging gas inlet (Nitrogen gas) was introduced into the combustion chamber 200 through the combustion chamber 116. At this time, the first inflow pipe 114 is formed at an angle of 140 ° with the side wall of the combustion chamber 200. Further, a secondary air supply pipe (not shown) is formed in the region where the second refractory of the combustion chamber side wall is formed, so that the secondary air flows into the combustion chamber. The exhaust gas separated from the cyclone 220 is discharged to the outside through the back pass 210. The solid particles stored in the group chamber are passed through the transfer pipe 242 formed through the other side of the first refractory 300, 200).

4, the first pressure measuring unit 232 and the second pressure measuring unit 234 are connected to the connecting portion between the cyclone 220 and the connecting line 236 and the lower portion of the downcomer 230, And the height difference D between the first pressure measuring unit 232 and the second pressure measuring unit 234 was set to be 2 m.

The combustion evaluation of the fuel for the fluidized bed boiler was performed using the above combustion evaluation device. Specifically, a fuel injection amount is set, a screw rotation speed of a fuel feeder corresponding to the fuel injection amount is set, a screw is rotated according to the set rotation speed to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, And the amount of circulation of the solid particles discharged from the combustion chamber was measured at the time of the combustion.

Specifically, the screw rotation speed setting of the fuel feeder sets the amount of fuel (coal) to be charged into the combustion chamber, and determines the screw rotation speed of the fuel feeder to inject the set amount of fuel into the combustion chamber. Then, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by applying the screw rotation speed, and the fuel amount is measured a plurality of times by using the weight change of the fuel storage part in the weight measuring part, and then the average fuel amount measurement value is calculated. The error rate between the set value and the measured value was calculated. And resetting the number of revolutions of the screw of the fuel feeder when the error rate is 2% or less, while maintaining the screw revolution number when the error rate is 2% or less.

The screw was rotated according to the set number of revolutions to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, and the primary air, the secondary air, and the tracking gas were injected into the combustion chamber and burned. During the combustion, the combustion fraction and the solid particle circulation amount for each position of the combustion evaluation apparatus were measured.

The flow rate of the primary air was 500 L / min, the secondary air was 300 L / min and the trace gas (He) was 40 L / min. The oxygen concentration at the first stage outlet was 3% and the He concentration was 8% When the oxygen concentration at the second stage outlet is 9%, the He concentration is 6%, the oxygen concentration at the final stage is 4%, and the He concentration is 4%, the combustion fraction at each stage can be calculated as follows.

Total amount of oxygen input = 800 * 0.21 = 168 L / min

Oxygen Emission Total = Exhaust Gas Flow Rate * Outlet Oxygen Concentration = 40 * 100/4 * 4/100 = 40 L / min

Total oxygen consumption = 168 - 40 = 128 L / min

The amount of oxygen supplied in the first stage = 500 * 0.21 = 105 L / min

Oxygen Emission in Stage 1 = Outlet Combustion Gas Flow Rate * Outlet Oxygen Concentration = 40 * 100/8 * 3/100 = 15 L / min

Oxygen consumption in the first stage = 105 - 15 = 90 L / min

The combustion fraction in the first stage = 90/128 * 100 = 70%

The oxygen input amount in the second stage = 300 * 0.21 + 15 = 78 L / min

Oxygen emission at stage 2 = outlet combustion gas flow rate * outlet oxygen concentration = 40 * 100/6 * 9/100 = 60 L / min

Oxygen consumption in the second stage = 78 - 60 = 18 L / min

The combustion fraction in the second stage = 18/128 * 100 = 14%

Wherein the solid particle circulation amount is measured by measuring a pressure difference between the first pressure measuring unit and the second pressure measuring unit provided at the connecting portion between the cyclone and the connecting line and under the downcomer during the combustion, The solid particle circulation amount was derived from the following equation:

[Equation 1]

(Kg / m 2 ) = solid particle fraction x solid particle density (kg / m 3 ) x solid particle flow rate (m / s)

(In the above formula 1, the solid particle fraction and the solid particle flow rate are derived from the following equations (2) and (3), respectively)

[Equation 2]

Height between the solid particle fraction = (first and second pressure portion pressure measurement (mmH 2 O)) / (density of the solid particles (kg / m 3)) X ( first and second pressure measuring unit difference (m) )

[Equation 3]

Solid particle flow rate (m / s) = 0.0531 x downcomer diameter (inch) + 0.029.

6 is a graph showing temperature and pressure profiles according to the height of the combustion chamber of the combustion testing apparatus. Referring to FIG. 7, it can be seen that both the temperature and the pressure exhibit typical behavior of the fluidized bed boiler during the combustion test apparatus of the present invention. Especially, it was confirmed that the upper temperature of the combustion furnace can be controlled according to the operating condition of the combustion test apparatus, and it was confirmed that the pressure of the combustion furnace changes corresponding to the operating conditions.

Fig. 7 shows the results of the change in the amount of fuel input measured during the combustion evaluation test using the above combustion test apparatus. Referring to FIG. 7, when the method of evaluating the combustion of fuel using the combustion testing apparatus according to the present invention is applied, it can be seen that the amount of fuel input varies with time, and the correlation is more than 99% Could know.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

1: primary air 2: secondary air
4: primary air 5: tracking gas
6: secondary air 10: fuel storage part
11: fuel feeder 20: combustion chamber
22: upper part of combustion chamber 24: back pass
26: Transfer pipe 30: Cyclone
40: Group room 50: External heater
100: combustion evaluation apparatus 101a, 101b: fuel storage unit
102a, 102b: Weight measuring unit 103a, 103b: Connector
110: fuel feeder 112: screw
114: first inlet pipe 116: purging gas inlet
200: Combustion chamber 202: Combustion chamber top
210: back pass 220: cyclone
230: downcomer 232: first pressure measuring unit
234: second pressure measuring section
236: Connecting line 240: Group room
242: Transfer pipe 300: First refractory
310: air-cooled solid particle layer
320: Second refractory 330: Dispersion plate
1000: Combustion evaluation device

Claims (13)

A combustion chamber for combusting the fuel and the fluid medium;
A fuel supply unit provided at one side of the lower portion of the combustion chamber to supply fuel to the combustion chamber;
A cyclone connected to an upper portion of the combustion chamber to separate the solid particles and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber;
A downcomer connected to a lower portion of the cyclone through a connection line to collect the solid particles; And
And a group chamber connected to a lower portion of the downcomer, in which the solid particles are stored,
The fuel supply unit includes a fuel storage tank for storing fuel, a weight measuring unit for measuring the weight of the fuel, which is provided at an upper portion of the fuel storage tank, and a lower portion of the fuel storage tank, And a fuel feeder for supplying fuel,
Wherein at least a part of the lower sidewall of the combustion chamber is made of a first refractory material and the region excluding the first refractory material is made of a second refractory material,
A dispersion plate is disposed under the combustion chamber to introduce the first air and the trace gas,
Wherein the first refractory is spaced apart from the first refractory,
The flue gas separated from the cyclone is discharged to the outside through the back pass,
A first inlet pipe connected to the fuel feeder is formed at one side of the first refractory so that the fuel flows into the combustion chamber,
The solid particles stored in the first chamber are introduced into the combustion chamber through a transfer pipe formed through the other side of the first refractory,
Wherein a secondary air supply pipe is formed in the second refractory on the sidewall of the combustion chamber to introduce secondary air.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second refractory comprises Inconel material.
The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the height of the first refractory is 0.1 to 1.0 m in height based on a position where the dispersion plate is formed.
2. The combustion evaluation apparatus for a fuel for a fluidized-bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter (A1) of the region where the second refractory is formed satisfies the following formula (1)
[Formula 1]
B1? A1? B2
(Where B1 is the inner diameter of the region where the first refractory is formed, and B2 is the outer diameter of the region where the first refractory is formed).
The apparatus for evaluating combustion of a fuel for a fluidized-bed-type boiler according to claim 1, wherein the first inflow pipe is formed at an angle of 135 ° or more with the sidewall of the combustion chamber.
The apparatus for evaluating combustion of a fuel for a fluidized-bed-type boiler according to claim 1, wherein at least one air-cooled solid particle layer is further formed on a side wall of the combustion chamber where the second refractory is formed.
The apparatus for evaluating combustion of a fuel for a fluidized-bed-type boiler according to claim 1, wherein a purging gas inlet is further formed at a connection portion between the fuel feeder and the first inlet pipe.
The apparatus for evaluating combustion of a fuel for a fluidized-bed-type boiler according to claim 1, wherein a first pressure measuring unit and a second pressure measuring unit are respectively provided at a connection portion between the cyclone and the connection line and below the downcomer.
The apparatus for evaluating combustion of a fuel for a fluidized-bed boiler according to claim 8, wherein a height difference between the first pressure measuring unit and the second pressure measuring unit is 2 m or less.
A method for evaluating combustion of a fuel using a combustion evaluation apparatus for a fuel for a fluidized bed boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Setting a fuel input amount and setting a screw revolution number of the fuel feeder corresponding to the fuel input amount; And
Rotating the screw according to the set rotational speed to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, and injecting primary air, secondary air, and tracking gas into the combustion chamber and burning the combustion chamber,
Wherein a combustion fraction of each position of the combustion evaluation apparatus is measured at the time of the combustion.
The method according to claim 10, wherein the setting of the screw rotation speed of the fuel feeder comprises: setting a fuel input amount;
Determining a screw rotation speed of a fuel feeder for injecting the set fuel amount into the combustion chamber;
Calculating a fuel injection amount measurement value by averaging the fuel injection amount a plurality of times using a change in weight of the fuel storage part in a weight measuring part by applying fuel to the combustion chamber by applying the screw rotation speed;
Calculating an error rate between the fuel input set value and the measured value; And
And maintaining the screw rotational speed when the error rate is 2% or less, and resetting the rotational speed of the screw of the fuel feeder when the error rate exceeds 2%. A method for evaluating combustion of a fuel.
The method according to claim 10, wherein measuring the combustion fraction for each position of the combustion evaluation apparatus comprises:
Dividing the combustion furnace into a plurality of sections with respect to a height direction, measuring oxygen and trace gas concentrations at the inlet and outlet positions of each section using an oxygen meter and a trace gas meter;
Correcting the measured trace gas concentration value;
Calculating an amount of combustion gas at an inlet and an outlet position of each section by using the input flow rate of the oxygen and the trace gas, and the corrected trace gas concentration value; And
And measuring the combustion fraction of each section using the amount of combustion gas at the outlet position.
The combustion evaluation method according to claim 10, further comprising: measuring a circulation amount of the solid particles discharged from the combustion chamber of the combustion evaluation device during the combustion,
Measuring the pressure difference between the first pressure measuring part and the second pressure measuring part provided at the connection part between the cyclone and the connecting line and below the downcomer during the combustion, And,
Wherein the solid particle circulation amount is derived from the following equation (1): < EMI ID = 1.0 >
[Equation 1]
(Kg / m 2 ) = solid particle fraction x solid particle density (kg / m 3 ) x solid particle flow rate (m / s)
(In the above-mentioned formula (1), the solid particle fraction and the solid particle flow rate are derived from the following equations (2) and (3), respectively)
[Equation 2]
Height between the solid particle fraction = (first and second pressure portion pressure measurement (mmH 2 O)) / (density of the solid particles (kg / m 3)) X ( first and second pressure measuring unit difference (m) )
[Equation 3]
Solid particle flow rate (m / s) = 0.0531 x downcomer diameter (inch) + 0.029.
KR1020170136534A 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Apparatus for evaluating combustion of fuel for fluidizing-bed boiler and method for evaluating combustion of fuel using the same KR101981926B1 (en)

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