KR101969793B1 - Feed additive composition for reducing methane emission from ruminants comprising cacao by-product or cassava root - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a feed additive composition and feed composition for reducing methane production of ruminants containing cacao foil, cassava root or grape leaves as an active ingredient, the feed composition of the present invention affects the microbial fermentation of ruminants in rumen Without increasing the amount of building digestibility and volatile fatty acids produced, the amount of methane produced can be reduced, thereby reducing the energy lost to methane, thereby increasing the amount of energy actually available, which can help to improve livestock productivity.

Description

Feed additive composition for reducing methane emission from ruminants comprising cacao by-product or cassava root}

The present invention relates to a feed additive composition for reducing ruminant methane containing cacao foil or cassava root.

There is high international interest in global warming caused by greenhouse gases around the world, and in order to cope with such climate change, climate agreements are mandatory for each country to reduce greenhouse gases.

The main greenhouse gases that cause global warming include carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), methane gas (NH ₄ ), nitrous oxide (N ₂ O), perfluorocarbons (PFCS), and hydrogen fluorocarbons (HFCS), as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). ), And sulfur fluoride (SF ₆ ), and as these greenhouse gases increase, global average temperatures and sea levels rise, as well as extreme weather events such as desertification, droughts, floods, and typhoons. In particular, methane is a natural by-product of digestion by intestinal fermentation of ruminants, accounting for about 18% of global greenhouse gas emissions and more than 13.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In Korea, cows account for about 75% of the total methane emissions produced by animals. Recently, as the consumption of meat increases due to Western eating habits, greenhouse gas emissions in the livestock sector are increasing.

Ruminants are camels, baby deer, deer, giraffes, and bovines of mammalian cattle, which have ruminant stomach and have the characteristics of chewing and chewing food once swallowed. It is also commonly referred to as a ruminant animal. Ruminants are usually composed of four stomachs, the first and second place is called ruminant. The primary function of the rumen is to provide the animal with the nutrients it needs by effectively breaking down, fermenting and digesting the fiber-rich grass feed that is not available to normal livestock or humans by the various microbes in the rumen.

Feeds consumed by ruminants are broken down by microbes in the rumen to produce carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, and volatile fatty acids. Among these fermented products, volatile fatty acids and ammonia are used by ruminants and rumen microorganisms to play an important role in the production of livestock. If methane is produced, it is not absorbed by the ruminant's body and is discharged from the rumen through the trim. In addition, since 3-12% of the total energy consumed by ruminants from feed is lost to methane production, it is closely related to feed efficiency.

As such, when methane is produced in the rumen of the ruminant, an environment such as monensin is used to reduce the production of methane gas in the ruminant because environmental problems due to global warming and feed efficiency are reduced. Methods have been studied such as adding to feed, removing protozoa in the rumen, adding halogenated compounds to feed, feeding probiotics, and the like. However, adding antibiotics to livestock feed can ultimately be harmful to the human body, eliminating protozoa has the problem of reducing fibrin, and adding halogenated compounds to feed does not sustain methane suppression. Safety-related problems such as residuals to livestock products may occur, and feeding probiotics may cause different strains to be added during fermentation or methane production experiments of probiotics.

Therefore, there is a need for a methane generation reduction technology capable of efficiently reducing methane gas harmful to the environment while not adversely affecting the productivity of livestock.

Therefore, in the present invention, using the cacao foil, cassava root or grape foil, it was confirmed that the methane production of ruminants by the in vitro and in situ method compared to rice straw, which is a conventional forage resource.

Meanwhile, Korean Patent No. 1689812 discloses a 'feed composition using inner pier grass and cassava leaves and a livestock breeding method using the same', and Chinese Patent No. 102293336 describes a 'feed composition for reducing methane production in the gastrointestinal tract of buffaloes. Although it is disclosed, there is no description of the feed additive composition for reducing ruminant methane using cacao foil or cassava root of the present invention.

The present invention was derived by the above requirements, in the present invention was used in vitro and in situ methods for the evaluation of the rumen fermentation characteristics for cacao, cassava root or grape leaves, and in vitro experiments of the present invention It was confirmed that methane gas production was reduced compared to rice straw without cacaobac or cassava roots affecting the change of pH in the rumen, and that the production of ammonia nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen) and volatile fatty acids was increased compared to rice straw. In addition, in situ experiments were carried out to measure the dry digestibility of the building in the rumen, cacao foil, cassava root and grape foil was confirmed that the digestibility is better than rice straw, the present invention was completed.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a feed additive composition for reducing methane production of ruminants containing cacao foil or cassava root as an active ingredient.

In addition, the present invention provides a feed composition for reducing methane production of ruminants comprising the feed additive composition for reducing methane production of the ruminant.

The present invention also provides a method for reducing the methane production of ruminants by feeding the ruminant feed composition for reducing the methane production of the ruminant.

Ruminant feed additives comprising cacao meal, cassava root or grape leaves of the present invention and feed composition comprising the same can reduce the energy loss due to the release of methane gas to improve the productivity of ruminants, as well as environmental pollution sources It is expected to bring about the effect of preventing environmental pollution by suppressing the emission of

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a feed additive composition for reducing methane production of ruminants containing cacao foil or cassava root as an active ingredient.

The feed additive composition of the present invention may further include grape foil, but is not limited thereto.

In the feed additive composition, the cacao foil is dried by collecting the remaining skin portion after removing the flesh portion (chocolate raw material) from the cacao fruit, grape juice is the grape fruit juice and dried grape skins, but is not limited thereto. .

In the composition of the present invention, the methane means methane gas, and is produced by the methane producing bacteria using hydrogen and carbon dioxide as precursors in the rumen, so to reduce the amount of methane produced, precursors of methane production in the rumen How to control the amount of phosphorus hydrogen itself, how to control the already generated hydrogen, how to control the methane producing bacteria that directly generate methane gas using precursors or by using the same precursors to compete with methane producing bacteria There may be a control method for converting metabolic pathways by predominantly producing acetic acid producing bacteria.

Feed additive composition of the present invention is excellent in the effect of reducing methane production can improve the feed utilization efficiency, and also has the effect of improving the digestibility of the rumen, and if the livestock to be ingested steadily can increase the productivity of the livestock.

In the feed additive composition of the present invention, the ruminant refers to an animal that has ruminant rubbing and digests food, and may include, for example, a cow, goat, sheep, giraffe, deer, buffalo or camel. May be small, but is not limited thereto.

The feed additive composition of the present invention may be fed to livestock alone, but may be added to a general feed and mixed to feed livestock. For example, ruminants such as cattle, sheep and goats are fed in parallel with breast milk or substitute milk and solid food until the first place is formed, but may be completely changed to solid food at the same time, but is not limited thereto. Therefore, the feed additive composition of the present invention can improve feed demand and increase efficiency even when added to any of these feeds.

In order to achieve another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a feed composition for reducing the methane production of ruminants comprising a feed additive composition for reducing the methane production of ruminants.

In the present invention, the term "feed" means any natural or artificial diet, one meal or the like or any ingredient of the one meal for the animal to eat, ingest and digest.

The feed composition of the present invention may be prepared in the form of conventional feed compositions such as powder and pellets, but is not limited thereto, and may be prepared in various forms of feed known in the art.

The feed composition may include ingredients commonly added to feeds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, minerals and water. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the kind of each such component, Any conventionally used in the field can be used.

The present invention also provides a method for reducing the methane production of ruminants by feeding the ruminant feed composition for reducing the methane production of the ruminant. The feed composition for reducing methane production of the ruminant of the present invention includes cacao foil or cassava root having an effect of reducing methane production as an active ingredient, and when the feed composition is fed to the ruminant, the methane production of the ruminant is reduced. Will be.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the following examples are merely to illustrate the invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1. In vitro  Rumen Fermentation Test

1. Materials and Methods

1-1. Disclosure axis and specification management

Two herds of Holstein castrate (700 ± 50 kg) with rumen cannula were presented at a ranch in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do. The diet was given a daily limit of 3 kg of large calf feed and 10 kg of rice straw, and mineral blocks and water were taken freely.

1-2. Preparation of Rumen Liquid

The rumen juice was collected 30 minutes before the morning feed of the day of the experiment, filtered to remove the feed particles of the collected rumen juice was filtered with four layers of gauze and used in a 2 L warm container transported to the laboratory.

9.8 g of the rumen liquid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ₃ ), 4.62 g of dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate (Na ₂ HPO ₄ .2H ₂ O), 0.57 g of potassium chloride (KCl), 0.47 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate McDougall's buffer solution consisting of 0.12 g of heptahydrate (MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O) and 4 g (or 5.3) calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ or calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl ₂ · 2H ₂ O)) The ratio was used as rumen inoculum. In addition, O ₂ -free CO ₂ was sprayed during the dilution and filtration of gastric juice to maintain anaerobic conditions so that gastric juice was not exposed to oxygen.

Fermentation was started after 50 mL of anaerobic rumen liquid and 0.5 g of rice straw, cacao foil, cassava root or grape leaves were mixed under anaerobic conditions, and the rumen liquid fermentation test was performed by Tilley and Terry (1963). Was performed according to the method.

1-3. Rumen pH Measurement

The pH of the rumen was measured using a pH meter (S20 Seven Eazy ^™ , Mettler-Toledo, Switzerland) after transferring the rumen liquid in the fermentation broth to a 50 mL tube.

1-4. Measure total gas production and methane and hydrogen production

The total amount of gas generated was incubated for 24 hours and the amount of gas in the vial was measured using a 100 mL glass syringe, and a rubber stopper was applied to the gas in the glass syringe to measure the production of methane and hydrogen. It was collected in a mounted aluminum pack.

The collected gases were analyzed using gas chromatography (HP7890, Agilant, USA) equipped with a Carboxen ^™ fused silica capillary column (0.53 mm Id × 30 m length, SUPELCO, USA).

1-5. Ammonia nitrogen (NH) ₃ -N) production volume measurement

The amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH ₃ -N) in the rumen fluid was measured according to the method of Chaney and Marbach (1962). Centrifuge the rumen fluid at 4,000 rpm to thoroughly mix 1 mL of phenol color reagent and 1 mL of alkali-hypochlorite reagent in 20 µl of the supernatant of the rumen liquid from which feed particles were removed. After reacting for 15 minutes in a constant temperature bath of ℃, the absorbance was measured at 630 nm using a spectrophotometer (Optizen UV2120, Mecasis, Korea).

1-6. Volatile fatty acids ( volatile fatty acid , VFA Output measurement

The amount of volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen fluid was measured according to the method of Erwin et al. (1961). 200 μl of 25% metaphosphoric acid was added to 1 mL of the supernatant of the rumen liquid from which the feed particles had been removed, and allowed to stand for 30 minutes, followed by centrifugation at 13,000 rpm, followed by Nukol ^TM fused silica capillary column (0.25 mm Id ×). Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography equipped with 0.25 μm film × 30 m length, SUPELCO, USA.

1-7. Measurement of building fire extinguishing rate

Dry extinguishing rate was measured according to the method of Moore (1970). The fermented product fermented by mixing the anaerobic rumen liquid and the test feed is filtered using a filter paper (Whatman filter paper No. 541, whatman, Germany) and then dried in a 65 ℃ dryer for 48 hours and weighed, The amount of dry matter lost due to fermentation was calculated and calculated.

2. Results

2-1. Rumen Fermentation pH

Changes in rumen pH were measured by the rumen fermentation of cacao foil, cassava root and grape foil of the present invention and rice straw, which is an existing feedstock. The cacao foil was used to remove the skin part (chocolate raw material) from the cacao fruit from Africa and collect the remaining outer skin part and use the dried one.

As a result, the rumen pH of the rice straw and cacao foil, cassava root and grape foil of the present invention was observed to be in the range of 6.68 ~ 6.68, which is maintained within the range of 5.8 ~ 7.2, the optimum pH in the rumen, microorganisms in the rumen It was found not to affect the activity (Table 1).

2-2. Ammonia nitrogen production

The amount of ammonia-nitrogen produced by the rumen fermentation of rice straw and the cacao meal, cassava root and grape leaves of the present invention was measured.

As a result, it was confirmed that the amount of ammonia-nitrogen produced more cacaobak, cassava root and grape leaves than rice straw, in particular, the amount of ammonia-nitrogen produced by cacaobak significantly increased (Table 2).

2-3. Building fire extinguishing rate

The rate of dry matter digestion by the rumen fermentation of cacao foil, cassava root and grape foil of the present invention and rice straw, which is an existing feedstock, was measured.

As a result, cacaobac and cassava roots showed higher dry matter digestibility than rice straw, and especially cacaobacca significantly increased dry matter digestion rate, but grape foil was observed to have lower dry matter digestion rate than rice straw. Dry matter digestibility means the decomposition rate of feed resources in the rumen, it was confirmed that the highest decomposition rate of cacao foil of the test feeds (Table 3).

2-4. Volatile Fatty Acid Production

Volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen are an important source of energy that provides 70% of the energy needed to sustain the life of ruminants. Acetic acid among volatile fatty acids is closely related to the rate of fibrin breakdown in the rumen, and propionic acid is closely related to the dairy productivity of cow's milk because it is absorbed from the rumen wall and converted to glucose in the liver and used as energy for milk production in the mammary tissue. Thus, the amount of volatile fatty acids produced by the rumen fermentation of cacao foil, cassava root and grape foil of the present invention and rice straw, which is a conventional feedstock resource, was analyzed.

As a result, the amount of total volatile fatty acid produced was higher than that of rice straw in cacao and cassava roots. It was confirmed that the amount of produced was low. In addition, the ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid is 2: 1 or more, so it can be seen that through this rumen fermentation was made stable (Table 4).

2-5. Fermentation Gas Production

Total gas production and methane and hydrogen production were measured by the rumen fermentation of cacao foil, cassava root and grape gourd of the present invention and rice straw as an existing feedstock.

As a result, the total gas production was lower than the rice straw and the cacao and cassava roots were higher than the rice straw, while the methane production was higher than the rice straw and the grape leaves were relatively higher than the rice straw. .

In addition, hydrogen produced by the fermentation of anaerobic microorganisms in the rumen can be produced as methane by methane-producing bacteria, but the amount of hydrogen produced by the rumen fermentation of cacao foil, cassava root, grape leaves and rice straw is all at a low level. As it was maintained, it was confirmed that this could affect the reduction of methane production (Table 5).

Example 2. In situ  Rumen Fermentation Test

1. Materials and Methods

1-1. Disclosure axis and specification management

Two herds of Holstein castrate (700 ± 50 kg) with rumen cannula were presented at a ranch in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do. The diet was given a daily limit of 3 kg of large calf feed and 10 kg of rice straw, and mineral blocks and water were taken freely.

1-2. Measurement of building loss rate in rumen

Cacao foil, cassava root, grape foil and rice straw were cut into a laboratory grinder equipped with a 2 mm sieve and sealed in a nylon bag (80 × 150 mm; 45 μm pore size) of 5 g each. 20 minutes before the experiment, the nylon bag was immersed in lukewarm water at 39-40 ° C. to examine the content of water-soluble nutrients. The nylon bag was repeated three times and incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours in the rumen at the same time as the feed of morning animals. After incubation, the nylon bag was immediately taken out of the rumen and immersed in ice water to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and washed sufficiently with clear water. The washed nylon bags were dried for 48 hours in a reflux dryer at 60 ° C., cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes, and weighed to calculate dryness loss.

1-3. Determination of building breakdown rate in rumen

The rate of dry matter decay in the rumen was calculated using the following Ørskov and McDonald formulas based on the rate of dry matter loss during fermentation time obtained from nylon bag test.

P = a + b (1-e ^-ct )

P ： Decomposition rate of building in rumen during time “t” (%)

a ：% of building breakdown in time “0”, ie the part of the building that breaks down quickly

b ： Potential building decomposition rate (%) that can be decomposed except a

c: hourly decomposition constant of “b”

t ： fermentation time in the rumen

1-4. Determination of Building Effective Resolution in Rumen

The effective ruminal degradability (ED) in the rumen was estimated by the following formula, assuming that the feed rate in the rumen was 2% per hour (r = 0.02).

ED = a + b {c / (c + r)}

ED: effective decomposition rate of building

a, b, c: dry matter decay rate constant (same as in the building loss rate formula)

r ： rumen pass rate constant of feed (assuming 2% per hour)

2. Results

The decomposition constant 'a' is the Y-axis intercept of the formula, which means 0 hours of rumen fermentation versus decomposition rate.Theoretically, it is 0%, but it is water-soluble or the particle size is too small to physically exit the nylon bag. Means the amount of building exiting.

In addition, the 'b' value refers to the building part that is decomposed by the microorganisms in the rumen, and the 'c' value represents the decomposition rate per hour and must be considered for estimating digestibility.

Decomposition constants obtained on the basis of the loss rate in the rumen do not consider the rate of transit in the rumen of the feed, so the effective resolution (ED) value in the rumen calculated by assuming that the rate of feed through the rumen is 2% per hour (r = 0.02) We estimated the digestibility of cacao foil, cassava root, grape leaves and rice straw in the rumen.

 As a result, in the rumination of the building digestibility of the cacao foil 63.129%, cassava root 66.598%, grape gourd 44.041%, rice straw 41.249%, the cacao foil, cassava root and grape leaves of the present invention increased the building digestibility of rice straw, in particular The digestibility of cacao and cassava roots was significantly increased compared to rice straw, and the digestibility of cassava roots was the best (Table 6).

Claims (6)

A feed additive composition for reducing methane production of ruminant, which contains cacao foil or cassava root as an active ingredient and further contains grape foil. delete The feed additive composition for reducing methane production according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive composition for reducing methane production has a ruminant digestibility improvement effect. The feed additive composition for reducing methane production according to claim 1, wherein the ruminant is cow, goat, sheep, giraffe, deer, buffalo or camel. A feed composition for reducing methane production of ruminant, comprising a feed additive composition for reducing methane production of the ruminant of claim 1. A method for reducing methane production of ruminants by feeding the ruminant the feed composition for reducing the methane production of the ruminant of claim 5.