KR101946650B1 - Stretchable body­contouring protective pads - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a padded composite material comprising at least one substrate connected to a buffer element, wherein the buffer element has a middle portion and a distal portion that are slidably fixed relative to the substrate.

Description

[0001] STRETCHABLE BODYCONTOURING PROTECTIVE PADS [0002]

The present invention relates to a stretchable protective padding material.

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a padded composite material comprising at least one substrate connected to a buffer element, the distal end of the buffer element being secured to the substrate. The substrate may be made of a flexible material. At least one portion of the buffer element may be secured to the substrate. The portion of the buffer element fixed to the substrate may be distal. The buffer element may be made of foam or soft plastic. The substrate may be made of a flexible, stretchable or elastic materials such as composite material with a synthetic fabric, or a suitable elasticity such as a fabric, mesh, rubber, silicone, soft plastic, spandex (spandex) or LYCRA ^®. The buffer element may be mounted, bonded, sewn, or fused to the substrate. A plurality of buffer elements are positioned adjacent to each other to contact each other when the padded composite material is not stretched. The buffer element may have a trapezoidal cross section. The buffer element may be intermeshed with each other when the padded composite material is not stretched. The buffer element may be connected to two substrates, at least one on each side of the buffer element. The buffer element may be made of at least two different types of materials. The buffer element may be attached to another buffer element of a different material.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a bendable protective plate comprising at least one substrate connected to a plate element, the distal end of the plate element being secured to the substrate. The substrate may be made of a flexible material. At least a portion of the plate element can be secured to the substrate. The portion of the plate element that is fixed to the substrate may be a distal end that is an attachment edge. The plate element may be made of a rigid or elastic material that is resistant to impact, puncture, or abrasion, such as plastic, ceramic, metal, hard leather, or elastic rubber. The substrate may be made of a flexible, stretchable or elastic materials such as composite material with a synthetic fabric, or a suitable elasticity such as a fabric, mesh, rubber, silicone, soft plastic, spandex or LYCRA ^®. The plate elements can be mounted, bonded, stitched, or fused to the substrate. A plurality of plate elements can be positioned adjacent to each other and contact each other when the substrate is not stretched. The plate element may be disposed on the padding material. The padding material is a padded composite material comprising at least one substrate connected to the buffer element, and the distal end of the buffer element can be fixed relative to the substrate. The padding material may comprise a foam element. The attachment edge may include one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or eight sides of the plate element along its periphery. The plate element can be of a concave shape. A plurality of plate elements can be combined at the pivot point.

Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional side view of a protective pad.
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the protective pad.
4A shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the protective pad.
Figure 4B shows a side cross-sectional view of the protective pad.
4C shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the protective pad.
Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
Figure 7 shows a side cross-sectional view of the protective pad.
8 shows a side cross-sectional view of the protective pad.
Figure 9 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
10 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
11 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
12 shows a cross-sectional side view of the protective pad.
13 shows a side cross-sectional view of the protective pad.
14 shows a side cross-sectional view of the protective pad.
15 shows a top view of the protective pad.
Figure 16 shows a top view of the protection pad.
Figure 17 shows a top view of the protection pad.
18 shows a top view of the protection pad.
19 shows an exploded side view of the protective pad.
Figure 20 shows a side view of the protective pad.
Figure 21 shows a top view of the protection pad.
Figure 22 shows a top view of the protection pad.
23 shows a top view of the protective pad.
24 shows a top view of the protective pad.
25 shows a top view of the protective pad.
26 shows a top view of the protective pad.
Figure 27 shows a top view of the protection pad.
28 shows a side view of the protective pad.
29 shows a top view of the protective pad.
30 shows a top view of the protective pad.
31 shows an exploded perspective view of the protection pad.
32 shows the shape of the buffer element.
Figure 33 shows the shape of the buffer element.
34 shows the shape of the buffer element.

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings which are provided by way of illustration only, and wherein:

In the present application, the singular forms are used to refer to both a single object and a plurality of objects.

The present invention is lightweight, stretchable, and includes a padding material that can be formed to conform to the contours of the body for greater comfort and flexibility. Optionally, the protective padding material can be used to cover or protect an animal or object that is moving, stretching, or bending.

The protective padding material comprises an array of shock-absorbing or impact-resistant cushioning elements, the cushioning elements being arranged in relation to each other in such a manner as to cause the cushioning elements to move relative to each other and to stretch with the substrate on which the cushioning elements are mounted And then mounted on at least one sheet of flexible or stretchable substrate defined by width and depth.

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. The buffer element 1 may be made of any material having suitable shock absorbency, such as foaming material, soft plastic, or other similar material. Alternatively, the buffer element may also be made of a hard material that is resistant to impact or impact, such as impact resistant plastic, hard leather, or other natural or synthetic materials having a protective quality, or combinations thereof.

The buffer element may be formed as a flat sheet, or a strip as shown in Fig. 3, or in any other suitable form, such as square, hexagonal, etc., as shown in Fig.

The buffer element may also have a convex or hemispherical shape as shown in Fig. 34, a pyramidal shape as shown in Fig. 33, or other complex three-dimensional shape. Figure 32 shows a cross section 56 of a damping element having a convex or hemispherical shape. 32 also shows a cross section 55 of the buffer element having a pyramidal shape.

In another embodiment, the protective padding material can be manufactured by substantially obliquely laminating two or more buffer elements such that each buffer element partially overlaps at least one other buffer element, such as in the manner shown in Fig.

The buffer elements may be arranged in a one-dimensional array manner as shown in Fig. 3 in which the buffer elements are arranged along a specified width of the substrate across a defined depth of the substrate, or several buffer elements, Can be laid out on a substrate in a two-dimensional array manner as shown in Fig. 4 arranged along a designated width.

Alternatively, the buffer element may also be laid out on the substrate in a two-dimensional array manner as shown in Fig. 4 in which a plurality of buffer elements are disposed along a specified width of the substrate across a predetermined depth of the substrate, Are positioned in the overlapping pattern such that after the gap or gap between the damping elements in one row in the array, the elastic elements of the next row in the array follow.

The placement of the damping element in the overlapping pattern can have a functional advantage. If the buffer elements are arranged in an aligned arrangement so that the spacing or gaps between the buffer elements are aligned, there is a tendency for gaps to be created between the buffer elements due to the lateral elongation of the base substrate. When the buffer elements are arranged in the overlapping pattern, generation of gaps is prevented even if the substrate below is laterally extended.

Cushioning material (1) is at least being made of a flexible, stretchable or elastic materials such as composite material with a synthetic fabric, or a suitable elasticity of the fabric, mesh, rubber, silicone, and soft plastics, spandex (spandex) or LYCRA ^® Bonded, stitched, or fused to one substrate 3.

In another embodiment, the buffer element 1 is also mounted or bonded to a second substrate 2 made of a flexible, stretchable, or elastic material.

A wide range of adhesives for bonding the buffer elements to the substrates 2, 3 is expected.

The substrate 3 is bonded only to the substrate contact portion 5 of the surface of each buffer element. Since no glue or glue is applied to the substrate non-contact portion 6 of the surface of each buffer element adjacent to the other buffer element, each buffer element is moved or slid relative to the adjacent buffer element.

Similarly, the substrate 2 is bonded only to the substrate contact portion 4 of the surface of each buffer element.

The area of the substrate 2, 3 which is not in contact with the surface of the buffer element, as shown in Fig. 1, is not bonded to the buffer element. As an example, the region 7 of the substrate 2 is not bonded to the buffer element, as shown in Fig.

The substrates 2 and 3 can be pulled or drawn by the same or different forces.

Figure 1 shows the entire assembly in a resting state. Figure 2 shows the force applied to the assembly. The arrows in Fig. 2 show the force applied to the assembly to "stretch" portions of the substrate 2,3 that are bound or unbonded to an individual buffer element.

When the substrate 2 or 3 or both are pulled or stretched, each buffer element 1 travels with the substrate because it is partially attached to the substrate in the specific areas 4, 5. Since the area 6 of each buffer element adjacent to the other buffer element is not coated with glue or adhesive, each buffer element can be moved or slid relative to the other buffer element.

As can be seen in Fig. 2, when the substrate 2, 3 is pulled or stretched, the portion of the substrate 2, 3 which is not bound or adhered to the individual buffer element as shown in the substrate non- Is stretched to the extent that the substrate 2, 3 is made of an elastic material, an elastic material, or otherwise a deformable material.

The extent to which the buffer elements can move relative to one another depends on the characteristics of the substrates 2 and 3, the surface areas 4 and 5 of the substrate contact parts bound to the substrate, and the substrate non- And is affected by the area of the same substrate.

The substrates 2 and 3 can be selected so that when the entire assembly is extended, the individual buffer elements 1 are not moved or slid until they create gaps between the buffer elements.

By way of example only, the substrate 3 made of LYCRA ^® or other stretch fabrics can also be cut and sewn or welded in tubular form into a substrate 2 made of LYCRA ^® and cut and sewed or welded to a slightly larger diameter tubular form In which the buffer elements are sandwiched between the substrates 2 and 3 and arranged in the manner shown in Figures 1 and 2. Without limitation, the entire assembly may be used as an elbow or knee pad.

The assembly can also be provided in a flat shape and can be sewn on a compressed shirt or pants for protection as protective padding for athletic or industrial use.

5 shows that the buffer element 8 has a trapezoidal cross-section so that when the force or pulling force is not applied to the assembly, the substrate 2 or 3, or both, the buffer elements can be seated in close proximity to one another FIG.

The substrates 2, 3 are bonded only to the substrate contact portions 4, 5 of the respective top and bottom surfaces of each buffer element. Again, since the glue or glue is not applied to the surface of each buffer element adjacent to the other buffer element 6, each buffer element can be moved away from adjacent buffer elements.

As shown in Fig. 6, when a force is applied to the entire substrate assembly, or the substrate 2 or 3, or the substrate non-contact portion 7 that is not bonded to the buffer element 8 when both are pulled as shown by the arrows ) Of the substrate 2, 3 are stretched.

Again, the substrate 2, 3 can be selected as a suitable material so that when the entire assembly is stretched, the individual buffer elements 8 are not moved or slid until they create gaps between the buffer elements.

Figures 7 and 8 show that the buffer element 9 has a flat "s" cross-section so that when the force or pulling force is not applied to the assembly, or the substrate 2 or 3, or both, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > lamination. ≪ / RTI >

9 and 10 show a cross-section in which the buffer elements are stacked close together and "meshed with each other " when the force or pulling force is not applied to the assembly or substrate 2 or 3 or both, Lt; / RTI >

Figures 11 and 12 illustrate a variation of the protective padding material shown in Figures 1 and 2 wherein the substrate 2 may optionally be present but is omitted in Figures 11 and 12, Are made of two different materials 12, 13 adhered to one another. Alternatively, the material 12 may be made of a more rigid or more brittle laminate, such as plastic, metal, ceramic, or other material resistant to puncture, abrasion, or impact to a sharp object, 13 may be made of a more flexible or more resilient material, such as foam, rubber, or other compound having shock absorbing qualities.

Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate a variation of the protective padding material shown in Figs. 11 and 12, wherein the cushioning material 15 is made of two different materials 14, 13 adhered to one another. Alternatively, the material 14 may be made of a harder or more brittle compound, such as plastic, ceramic, metal, or other material resistant to perforation or deformation, and may cover only a portion of the surface of the material 13 .

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a bendable protective plate.

In one embodiment, the present invention includes a protective plate comprised of a plurality of plates or shell elements that are folded or slid with respect to each other to change the shape or shape of the entire assembly. When attached or fixed to the shell outer layer, a change in shape or shape makes the protective plate partially flexible and allows the wearer to organically associate the limbs to bend the body part covered by the protective plate more comfortably .

In a preferred embodiment, the protective plate is disposed on top of the protective padding material with shock-absorbing qualities. The protective padding material is adapted to be disposed on at least one of the protective plate and the body, or between the protective plate and the outer layer of the outer skin or fabric surrounding the body, such as a knee or elbow guard.

Optionally, the protective padding material may be of the type shown in Figures 1-14.

Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 31, the protective padding material is flexible, such as composite material with a synthetic fabric, or a suitable elasticity such as a fabric, mesh, rubber, silicone, soft plastic, LYCRA ^® property, elasticity, or elastic And a plurality of foam elements 25 sandwiched between two substrates 50, 51 made of a material. The foam element 25 is preferably made of a shock-absorbing foam material. However, the term "foaming element" is not intended to serve as a limitation on the type of material that can be used to make foam element 25. Thus, the foam element may optionally be made of any other shock-absorbing material such as rubber, elastomer, plastic, etc. (including any combination of such materials). In this embodiment, one surface 52 of each foaming element is constrained or bonded to the substrate 50, and the other surface is constrained or bonded to the other substrate 51.

31, the foaming element 25 is shown having a circular cross-section, but the foaming element can have various shapes including, without limitation, rectangular, oval, or oval-shaped cross-sections.

15 and 17 show an embodiment of the protection plate. The plate elements 21,22 may be made of a rigid or elastic material that is resistant to impact, puncture, or abrasion, such as plastic, ceramic, metal, hard leather, or elastic rubber. Although the shape of the plate elements 21 and 22 is shown as being rectangular in Fig. 15, the plate elements can be manufactured in various forms.

Plate element 21 may be positioned over the flexible substrate 20 is made of a material such as a fabric, such as a synthetic mesh, rubber, silicone, soft plastic, LYCRA ^® fabric, or an elastic composite material. Alternatively, the flexible substrate 20 may be the same substrate as the substrate 51 shown in Fig. Optionally, the flexible substrate 20 may also be an outer layer of a jacket, clothing, protective clothing, or a flexible protective gear.

Plate element 22 may also be positioned on substrate 20, but between plate element 21 and substrate 20.

The plate element 22 may be adhered or secured to the substrate 20 along the attachment edge 24 of the plate element 22. Preferably, the attachment edge 24 surrounds one edge of one side of the plate element 22. However, the attachment edges 24 may surround up to three edges of the three sides of the multi-sided plate element 22 with the plate element 22 being rectangular, or square or otherwise of four sides. Alternatively, the attachment edges 24 may not extend along the entire periphery of the plate element 22.

The plate element 21 can be adhered or fixed to the substrate 20 along the attachment edge 23 of the plate element 21. Preferably, the attachment edge 23 surrounds one edge of one side of the plate element 21. However, the attachment edges 23 may surround up to three edges of the three sides of the multi-sided plate element 21 with the plate element 21 being rectangular, or square or otherwise of four sides. The attachment edges 23 do not extend along the entire periphery of the plate element 22. [ Despite the form of the plates 21,22, the plate portions along the edge of the plate are constrained or fixed relative to the substrate such that the other plate slides above or below it.

Figures 15 through 30 illustrate substantially four-sided plate elements 21,22 that are bonded to flexible substrate 20 along three of the side edges and four side edges are not bonded to the substrate, The bottom plate element 22 slides in and out through the openings created on the four sides of the plate element 21 but according to the invention the plate elements 21 and 22 are of two sides, Circular, elliptical shapes with even one "adjacent edge ", including even, lateral, four, five, six, seven, eight sides, . An opening is created which is bounded by the side surfaces of the plate element 21 and the flexible substrate 20 so that the bottom plate element 22 is in contact with the opening 22 of the plate element 21. In the case of the top plate element 21 having one adjacent edge, The attachment edge may not surround the entire periphery of the plate element. An opening is created which is bounded by the side surfaces of the flexible substrate 20 and the plate element 22 so that the padding substrate 28 is in contact with the plate element 22. In the case of the bottom plate element 22 having one adjacent edge, (22), or because the padding substrate slides in and out through openings created between the flexible substrate (20) and the bottom plate element (22) As shown in Fig. The plate elements 21, 22 may also comprise a combination of rounded edges and straight edges. The plate elements 21 and 22 are configured such that the plate elements 21 and 22 are fixed on a flexible substrate 20 having an opening for positioning the partner plate element or the padding substrate 28 through the opening or sliding it inwardly Can be formed in various ways. With respect to the bottom plate element 22, the entire periphery of that edge may optionally be adhered to the substrate 20, unless the plate element or any padding substrate is positioned below the bottom plate element 22.

Plate element 22 can be placed, or "sandwiched, " between plate element 21 and substrate 20. Alternatively, the plate element 21 may be shaped to be recessed, curved, or seated on the plate element 22 while maintaining attachment to the substrate 20. [

Alternatively, the protective padding material may be disposed between the plate element 22 and the substrate 20 either before or after the plate element 21 or 22 is secured to the substrate 20. [

The protective padding material may be of the type shown in Figs. Alternatively, the protective padding material may comprise the padding assembly shown in FIG.

Figure 17 shows a protective plate assembly having a padding material incorporating a foam element 25 disposed between the plate element 22 and the flexible substrate 20 in a rest state. Although the foam element 25 is shown in Fig. 17 as having an elliptical or oval cross section, the foam element can have various shapes.

16 and 18 illustrate a flexible substrate 20 that extends along its plane. The surface of the flexible substrate is secured to the attachment edge 23 of the plate element 21 which remains fixed to the flexible substrate when a force is applied to the flexible substrate to stretch or deform the flexible substrate 20. [ And with respect to the plate elements (21, 22) except for the attachment edges (24) of the plate elements (22). However, since the plate elements 21 and 22 are not bonded or bonded to each other, they are moved or slid with respect to each other. Figure 16 shows the plate element 22 "slid out " with respect to the plate element 21.

Figure 18 shows a protective plate assembly having a padding material incorporating a foam element 25 disposed between and stretched between the plate element 22 and the flexible substrate 20. [

When the flexible substrate 20 is optionally extended to the extent that the substrate 51 is the same as the substrate 51 shown in Fig. 31 and the foaming element is also fixed to the flexible substrate 20 (Or "stretched") with respect to each other.

19 and 20 show cross-sectional views of the protective plate assembly shown in Figs. 15-18. The plate element 21 is joined or fixed to the area 27 of the flexible substrate 20 along the attachment edge 23, as described above. Plate element 22 is bonded or secured to region 26 of flexible substrate 20 along attachment edge 24. [ Optionally the surface of the foam element 25 is optionally bonded to a padding substrate 28 which may be identical to the substrate 50 shown in Figure 31 and the surface 34 of the foam element is optionally To the flexible substrate 20 which may be the same as the substrate 51 which has been formed. A padding substrate 28 is bonded or fixed to the flexible substrate 20 along its edges 29 and 30 and contacts the regions 31 and 32 of the flexible substrate 20, respectively.

Figures 21 and 22 illustrate a variation of the protective plate assembly and plate element wherein the plate element is concave (or "shell-like"). The plate elements 38, 39, 40 can be folded against each other. For example, if the plate elements 38, 39 and 40 are folded together, the plate element 40 can be positioned below the plate element 39 and the plate element 39 can be positioned below the plate element 38 have. The plate elements 38, 39 can be engaged by the pivot point 41. Plate elements 38, 40 can be joined by pivot point 42. Figures 21 and 22 provide examples of how such folded and flexible pivoted protective plate assemblies can be made.

The protective plate assembly may be attached to the flexible substrate 20 (not shown in Figures 21 and 22), preferably by pivot points 41, 42.

The pivot point 41 causes the plate element 39 to "pivot out " from below the plate element 38, as shown in FIG. Likewise, the pivot point 42 causes the plate element 40 to "pivot out " from below the plate element 38.

Optionally, the protective padding material may be disposed under the protective plate assembly incorporating the plate elements 38, 39, 40. Again, the protective padding material may be of the type shown in Figs. Alternatively, the protective padding material may comprise the padding assembly shown in FIG.

Figure 23 shows the protective plate assembly shown in Figures 21 and 22 positioned against a person's arm 41 to act as a protective elbow guard or elbow pad. Preferably, the protective padding material is disposed under the protective plate assembly to provide cushioning and additional impact protection. Thus, FIG. 23 shows a protective plate assembly that incorporates a padding material incorporating a foam element 25 disposed below the plate elements 38, 39, 40. In this embodiment, the protective plate assembly and the padding material are secured to the flexible substrate 20 " wrap "(not shown in FIG. 23) that" wraps around "the wearer's elbow or arm around the protective plate assembly and padding material, Or a flexible substrate such as a flexible substrate.

Figures 24 and 25 illustrate the protective plate assembly shown in Figures 21-23, which is positioned in a person's arm 41 and used with a protective elbow guard or elbow pad. 25, in one use, as the wearer bends or bends the arm, the plate elements 38, 40 pivot or "slide" from below the plate element 38 to cover and protect the elbow area .

Figures 26 to 30 illustrate a modification of the protection plate assembly and plate elements, wherein the plate elements 43-45 are relatively flat and not concave and are joined together by pivot points 46-47. The plate element 45 may be located below the plate element 44 and the plate element 44 may be located below the plate element 43. The plate element 44 may be positioned below the plate element 44, The plate elements 44, 45 can be engaged by the pivot point 46. Plate elements 43, 44 can be joined by pivot point 47.

The protective plate assembly may be attached to the flexible substrate 20 (not shown in Figures 26 and 30) preferably by pivot points 46,47.

Figure 27 shows the relative position of the plate elements 43-45 by showing the periphery of the plate element 44 disposed behind, i.e. below, the plate element 43 with a dashed line 48.

Figure 28 shows a side view of the protective plate assembly including the relative position of the plate elements 43-45.

29, the pivot point 46 causes the plate element 45 to rotate "pivot out" or "slide out " Likewise, the pivot point 47 causes the plate element 44 to rotate "pivot out" or "slide out "

Figure 30 shows the relative position of the plate elements 43-45 by showing the periphery of the plate elements 44, 45 disposed behind, i.e. below, the plate element 43 with dotted lines 48, 49, respectively .

Optionally, the protective padding material may be disposed under the protective plate assembly incorporating the plate elements 43-45 to provide shock and shock protection for impact and impact. Again, the protective padding material may be of the type shown in Figs. Alternatively, the protective padding material may comprise the padding assembly shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the protective plate assembly and the padding material are optionally bonded or secured to a flexible or stretchable substrate, such as a flexible substrate 20 (not shown in Figures 26 - 20).

Optionally, the protective padding material disposed under the protective plate assembly incorporating the plate elements 43-45 is moved along the points on the edge 54 to the plate element 43 and along the point on the edge 55 to the plate element 45 so that the protective padding material can be applied to the plate element 44 such that the plate element 45 rotates and "pivots out" or "slides out" from under the plate element 44, Out "or" slide out "from below the plate element 43 as it rotates.

The invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The following examples are provided as illustrative rather than as limitations of the present invention.

1: buffer element
2, 3: substrate
4, 5: substrate contact portion
6: substrate non-contact portion

Claims (27)

A first and a second substrate connected to at least one buffer element,
Wherein the first end of the buffer element is fixed to the first substrate and the opposite end on the other side of the buffer element is fixed to the second substrate and the substrate noncontact portion is positioned between the positions of the buffer elements welded to the substrate Wherein the buffer element is in contact with an adjacent buffer element in a partially overlapping manner, and wherein the buffer element is welded to the substrate. The padded composite material of claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of a flexible material. delete delete The padded composite material according to claim 1, wherein the buffer element is made of a foamed material or a soft plastic. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a padding made of a flexible, stretchable or elastic materials, including synthetic fabrics, or composites with elasticity comprises a fabric, mesh, rubber, silicone, soft plastic, spandex or LYCRA ^® Composite material. delete 2. The padded composite material of claim 1, wherein the plurality of buffer elements are positioned adjacent to each other to contact each other when the padded composite material is not stretched. 2. The padded composite material of claim 1, wherein the buffer element has a trapezoidal cross-section. 9. The padded composite material of claim 8, wherein the buffer element engages each other when the padded composite material is not stretched. delete The padded composite material of claim 1, wherein the buffer element is made of at least two different materials. 2. The padded composite material of claim 1, wherein the buffer element is attached to another buffer element of a different material. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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