KR101912998B1 - Atom interferometer gyroscope with continuous operation - Google Patents

Atom interferometer gyroscope with continuous operation Download PDF

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KR101912998B1
KR101912998B1 KR1020160106971A KR20160106971A KR101912998B1 KR 101912998 B1 KR101912998 B1 KR 101912998B1 KR 1020160106971 A KR1020160106971 A KR 1020160106971A KR 20160106971 A KR20160106971 A KR 20160106971A KR 101912998 B1 KR101912998 B1 KR 101912998B1
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interferometer
chamber
atomic beam
atomic
laser
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노희숙
임신혁
이상경
김태현
심규민
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국방과학연구소
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/02—Rotary gyroscopes
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    • G01C19/06—Rotors
    • G01C19/065—Means for measuring or controlling of rotors' angular velocity
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a two-dimensional Magnetic-ray trapping apparatus for generating a continuous atomic beam, a collimating tube block and an interferometer chamber are connected, and the atomic beam generated from the two-dimensional Magnetic-ray trapping apparatus is transferred to the interferometer chamber According to the present invention, the performance can be maintained high without increasing the size, and the atomic beam can be efficiently supplied to the interferometer without using the transfer laser.

Description

[0001] ATOM INTERFEROMETER GYROSCOPE WITH CONTINUOUS OPERATION [0002]

The present invention relates to an atomic interferometer gyroscope for measuring an angular velocity applied to an atom.

An atom interferometer gyroscope is an apparatus that measures the angular velocity applied to free-moving atoms through interaction with a laser. The atomic interferometer gyroscope is classified into a continuous type and a pulse type according to the characteristics of the atomic beam supplied to the interferometer.

The pulse type mainly generates an atomic beam in a three-dimensional magnetic trapping scheme, and since the generation time is long, the sampling frequency is low, and feedback control is impossible.

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope, in which a conventional continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope comprises an oven 11, a collimation tube 12, a cooling shield 13, a detector 18, an interferometer chamber 19).

A large amount of atoms generated in an oven heated to 100 ° C. or higher have the form of an atomic beam 14 passing through a collimation tube 12.

As the atomic beam passes through the cooling shield 13, the velocity component in the lateral direction is greatly reduced, thereby canceling the spread of the atomic beam with time.

The atomic beam 14 from the cooling shield 13 minimizes the lateral velocity distribution component through an additional cooling process by a cooling laser 15.

The oven-generated atomic beam has a dependent velocity component of about 300 m / s and a longitudinal velocity distribution component of several tens of m / s.

The atomic beam then interacts with a Raman laser (17, π / 2-π-π / 2 pulse). The two-photon transition by the Raman laser is the first π / 2 pulse,

Figure 112016081922115-pat00001
and
Figure 112016081922115-pat00002
As shown in FIG. At this time
Figure 112016081922115-pat00003
Atoms from the Raman laser
Figure 112016081922115-pat00004
Get enough momentum
Figure 112016081922115-pat00005
Spatially " separated " from the atomic beam in the state.

here,

Figure 112016081922115-pat00006
Is a Planck constant,
Figure 112016081922115-pat00007
Is the actual wave number that the Raman laser has.

The atomic beam travels through the interferometer chamber 19 during the interrogation time and fits the second π pulse. At this time

Figure 112016081922115-pat00008
The atom in state
Figure 112016081922115-pat00009
Transition,
Figure 112016081922115-pat00010
The atom in state
Figure 112016081922115-pat00011
State.

In this process, the atomic beam is again transmitted from the Raman laser

Figure 112016081922115-pat00012
The motion path is changed as shown in Fig. This process is called 'reflection'.

The spatially separated atomic beams "meet" at the third π / 2 pulse over the same interrogation time. The two atomic beams, which have passed through different paths, interfere with each other and represent an interference fringe.

Such an interference fringe is measured through a detector after irradiating a detection laser 16, and is proportional to the angular velocity Ω applied to the atomic interferometer gyroscope, expressed as follows.

Figure 112016081922115-pat00013

Where m is the mass of the atom, and A is the cross-sectional area where the atoms and rays interact.

An atomic interferometer gyroscope of this configuration must produce a larger phase difference for the same input angular velocity to improve the sensitivity to the input angular velocity. For this, the interrogation time should be increased to increase the cross-sectional area.

Since the cross-sectional area is inversely proportional to the speed at which the atomic beam is flying, the atomic beam must fly relatively slowly. However, the atomic beam generated in the oven is very fast at a velocity of about 300 m / s, so its sensitivity is poor due to its small cross-sectional area.

Thus, in order to achieve the same sensitivity of the atomic interferometer gyroscope without decreasing the dependency of the atomic beam, it is necessary to increase the distance over which the atomic beam travels, which increases the size of the apparatus and increases the manufacturing complexity.

For example, in an atomic interferometer gyroscope using an atomic beam generated from an oven, the total interference area reaches 3 m when the interrogation time is 5 ms.

In addition, in the case of a conventional continuous type atomic interferometer gyroscope, since the temperature of the oven must be heated to 100 ° C or more, fabrication and operation are complicated, and the atomic beam generated from the oven has a wide distribution of dependency.

When the dependency distribution component is wide, the S / N ratio of the interference signal caused by the Raman laser is decreased, the dynamic range is reduced, and the long-term stability is also lowered.

The same procedure is followed in the oven shown on the left and right to produce an atomic beam and an interfering signal is provided.

The signals from both detectors 18 can be processed to remove multiple noise from the same source.

In addition, in the case of the conventional magnetic interferometer gyroscope, a separate transfer laser is used to efficiently transmit the beam to the interference region after generating the beam.

However, since the transfer laser passes to the interference area together with the atomic beam, it disturbs the interference signal when operated continuously. In order to avoid this, a method of operating the atomic interferometer gyroscope in the form of pulses is used. In this case, the dead time of the signal occurs, which limits the application as an inertial navigation device.

Also, in the case of conventional atomic interferometer gyroscopes, scattered light generated in each region of the interferometer chamber disturbed the atomic beam and interfered with the interference signal.

Since the reference mirror used to reflect the Raman laser is separated from the chamber, the beam path of the Raman laser changes depending on the temperature change and the peripheral vibration. As a result, the long-term stability of the atomic interferometer gyroscope is affected.

The matters described in the background art are intended to aid understanding of the background of the invention and may include matters which are not known to the person of ordinary skill in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical interferometer which can maintain high performance without increasing the size, enable the atomic beam to be efficiently supplied to the interferometer, It is an object of the present invention to provide a continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope chamber configuration in which a reference mirror for reflecting a Raman laser is optically bonded to a chamber without affecting the interference signal.

A continuous type atomic interferometer gyroscope according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a two-dimensional magnetic-flux capturing device chamber for generating a continuous atomic beam, a collimating tube block and an interferometer chamber are connected and an atom And the beam is transferred to the interferometer chamber without a separate transfer laser.

The magnetic light trapping apparatus chamber and the interferometer chamber are made of zerodur or quartz material, and the collimating tube block is made of a zerodur material so that the magnetic light trapping apparatus chamber and the interferometer chamber are optically bonded.

In addition, the interferometer chamber is divided into an isolation region, a reflection region, and an interference region, and a blocking wall is provided between the regions, thereby minimizing interference disturbance due to light scattering.

Furthermore, the reflection coating layer is formed in the window of the interferometer chamber so that phase noise is not generated in the process of retroreflecting the Raman laser.

According to the continuous type atomic interferometer gyroscope of the present invention, the atomic beam can be smoothly supplied to the interferometer without being dependent on the transfer laser, and the size of the atomic interferometer can be reduced by the atomic beam having a slow dependency and a narrow velocity distribution. A large phase difference is generated without enlarging.

On the other hand, by optically bonding the window of the interferometer chamber and the magnetic trapping device, the apparatus can be simplified and miniaturized.

In addition, since the interferometer chamber is provided with a blocking wall between each region, it is possible to minimize the signal disturbance and improve the S / N ratio of the signal and the long-term stability of the atomic interferometer gyroscope.

On the other hand, it is possible to extend the dynamic measurement range by continuously operating the atomic interferometer gyroscope, and it is possible to improve the long-term stability by designing the servo to send back the interference signal.

Figure 1 shows a conventional continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope.
FIG. 2 illustrates the construction and principle of a continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate chambers and coupling relationships of a continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to the present invention.

In order to fully understand the present invention, operational advantages of the present invention, and objects achieved by the practice of the present invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, a description of known or repeated descriptions that may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention will be omitted or omitted.

FIG. 2 illustrates the construction and principle of a continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, the construction and principle of a continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The continuous type atomic interferometer gyroscope according to the present invention generates a larger phase difference with respect to the same input angular velocity by reducing the dependency of the atomic beam without increasing the distance of the atomic beam to the interferometer, Thereby improving the sensitivity.

To this end, the continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention generates an atomic beam having a low slave velocity distribution component and a low lateral velocity distribution component by the two-dimensional magnetic light trapping device, In the z-axis direction to replace the function of the transfer laser.

As a result, the atomic beam generated without the transfer laser passes through the narrow collimation tube and into the interference region, thereby improving the S / N ratio of the interference signal.

Then, interference signal is obtained by irradiating Raman laser with short interrogation time. Since it is an atomic beam with a slow dependency, a short interrogation time is possible, which can reduce the size of the interferometer chamber.

The continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope is composed of a two-dimensional magnetic light trapping apparatus chamber 21, a reflecting mirror 22, a collimating tube 25, a detector 27, an interferometer chamber 211, and the like.

In the two-dimensional Magnetic-ray trap device chamber 21, a rubidium or cesium atom exists in a vapor state.

When the magnetic field and the cooling laser are irradiated, the atoms are cooled and trapped in the z-axis direction.

For example, in the case of rubidium,

Figure 112016081922115-pat00014
Resonant to transition.

Here, the cooling laser 23 is slightly turned about 4 to 5 degrees in the direction of the collimating tube 25 to generate a force for pushing atoms in the z-axis direction. This force causes the atom to pass through a collimating tube with a small perforation to produce an atomic beam 28.

For example, the collimation tube has a hole of about 1 mm and has a length of about 60 mm.

The attenuation laser 24 having a frequency similar to that of the cooling laser is irradiated in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the atomic beam 28 to reduce the atomic beam dependence and dependency distribution components and increase the flux.

For example, the atomic beam dependency is 10 m / s, the dependency distribution component is ~ 2 m / s, and the flux is more than 10 8 atoms / s.

The atomic beam passing through the collimation tube, for example, in the case of rubidium 87,

Figure 112016081922115-pat00015
and
Figure 112016081922115-pat00016
.

The atomic beam entering the interferometer chamber 211

Figure 112016081922115-pat00017
Through the optical pumping laser 26 resonant to the transition,
Figure 112016081922115-pat00018
Stay in the state.

In some cases

Figure 112016081922115-pat00019
By irradiating a light-pumped laser resonant to the transition,
Figure 112016081922115-pat00020
It is also in the state of being.

When the Raman laser 210 is irradiated with π / 2-π-π / 2, the atomic beam undergoes a separation-reflection-coupling process.

Figure 112016081922115-pat00021
Upon irradiation of the detection laser (29) resonant to the transition, the atomic beam scatters the interference signal and detects it through the detector (27). The time interval between each Raman laser is not more than 5 ms, minimizing the interferometer chamber length and reducing perturbations from the dynamic environment.

When the dependency of the atomic beam is 10 m / s, the inter-pulse distance of the Raman laser is 5 cm when the interrogation time is 5 ms.

Next, FIGS. 3 and 4 show the chambers and coupling relationships of the continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of FIG.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the relationship between each chamber of the continuous atomic interferometer gyroscope according to the present invention will be described.

The atomic interferometer gyroscope chamber of the present invention includes a two-dimensional magnetic light trap device chamber 21, a feedthrough block 42, a feedthrough 43, a two-dimensional magnetic trap device window 24, a collimation tube block 45, A chamber 211, an interferometer window 47, a reference mirror 48, and an ion pump 49. The material of the chamber is composed of Zerodur or Quartz which can be optically bonded.

In order to push the atomic beam into the interferometer chamber, the angle of incidence of the cooling laser is set to about 4 degrees in the direction of the sighting tube.

The interferometer chamber is divided into a region where optical pumping and detection takes place and a region that interacts with the Raman laser. Each zone has a blocking wall to minimize the scattering of light into other areas.

The Raman laser and the detection laser are incident through the interferometer window and interact with the atomic beam. The interferometer window is also coated on both sides with anti-reflective coating.

The bonding between each chamber and the window is achieved by optical bonding. In order to avoid phase noise in the process of retroreflecting the Raman laser, a reference mirror with a cross-section reflection coating is optically bonded to the interferometer window.

Alternatively, one side of the interferometer window may be reflective coated to serve as a reference mirror, depending on the application.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It is obvious to those who have. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

21: Two-dimensional Magnetic Light Capture Device Chamber
22: Reflective mirror
23: cooling laser
24: Two-dimensional Magnetic Light Capture Device Window
25: Coupling tube
26: Optical pumping laser
27: Detector
28: Atomic beam
29: Detection laser
210: Raman laser
211: interferometer chamber
42: Block for feedthrough
43: feedthrough
45: Collimating tube block
47: Interferometer widow
48: Reference mirror
49: Ion pump

Claims (4)

delete delete A two-dimensional MRI apparatus chamber for generating a continuous atomic beam, a collimating tube block and an interferometer chamber are connected, and the atomic beam generated from the two-dimensional MRI apparatus is transferred to the interferometer chamber without a separate transfer laser And,
Wherein the interferometer chamber is separated into an isolation region, a reflection region, and an interference region, and wherein a blocking wall is provided between each region to minimize interference signal disturbance due to light scattering.
Continuous Atom Interferometer Gyroscope. A two-dimensional MRI apparatus chamber for generating a continuous atomic beam, a collimating tube block and an interferometer chamber are connected, and the atomic beam generated from the two-dimensional MRI apparatus is transferred to the interferometer chamber without a separate transfer laser And,
Wherein a reflective coating layer is formed on the window of the interferometer chamber so that phase noise is not generated in the process of retroreflecting the Raman laser.
Continuous Atom Interferometer Gyroscope.
KR1020160106971A 2016-08-23 2016-08-23 Atom interferometer gyroscope with continuous operation KR101912998B1 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101473737B1 (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-12-18 국방과학연구소 Atom interferometer gyroscope using dispenser and collimation gasket
KR101546670B1 (en) 2015-04-16 2015-08-26 한국지질자원연구원 Clinometer to measure for strike and slope of ground at one time
KR101581037B1 (en) 2015-10-20 2015-12-29 한국지질자원연구원 System and method for searching geological boundary using drone

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101473737B1 (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-12-18 국방과학연구소 Atom interferometer gyroscope using dispenser and collimation gasket
KR101546670B1 (en) 2015-04-16 2015-08-26 한국지질자원연구원 Clinometer to measure for strike and slope of ground at one time
KR101581037B1 (en) 2015-10-20 2015-12-29 한국지질자원연구원 System and method for searching geological boundary using drone

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