KR101873474B1 - Stacking type transparent electrode and the preparing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stacked transparent electrode and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a stacked transparent electrode having a first conductive polymer layer; A second conductive polymer layer; And a metal layer disposed between the upper conductive polymer layer and the lower conductive polymer layer, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a stacked transparent electrode and a manufacturing method thereof,

The present invention relates to a layered transparent electrode and a method of manufacturing the same.

Touch screen panels that can be operated only by a hand touch are mainly used, such as a smart phone and a tablet PC. This is widely used because it is convenient to use, from a small-sized electronic device like a smart phone to a large-sized display device such as a monitor and a TV.

And a transparent electrode or transparent electrode film that can recognize when a key component of the touch screen panel is touched by a hand or other apparatus.

The transparent electrode is manufactured by sputtering indium tin oxide (ITO) having a high electrical conductivity on the surface of a transparent base film such as polyester to a thickness of at least several tens of nanometers.

ITO films are used as transparent electrodes for almost all currently used touch screen panels because of their good electrical conductivity and good light transmittance.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2014-0135918

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Layered transparent electrode and a method of manufacturing the same.

To achieve the above object,

The present invention

A first conductive polymer layer;

A second conductive polymer layer; And

A metal layer disposed between the upper conductive polymer layer and the lower conductive polymer layer;

And a transparent electrode layer.

In addition,

Coating a coating solution containing a first conductive polymer on a substrate to form a first conductive polymer layer (step 1);

Laminating a metal layer on the first conductive polymer layer (step 2); And

And coating the coating solution containing the second conductive polymer on the metal layer to form a second conductive polymer layer (step 3).

The multilayered transparent electrode of the present invention has high flexibility, conductivity, and light transmittance, and thus can be used for an electrode of a flexible electronic device and an electrode for a touch screen panel.

In addition, the method of manufacturing a multilayered transparent electrode of the present invention can be formed at low temperature and can be formed on a flexible substrate, and can be manufactured in a large area, and a transparent electrode can be manufactured at a relatively lower cost than in the case of using ITO or a metal material alone have.

Alternatively, the properties of the transparent electrode can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the laminated conductive polymer layer or the metal layer.

1 is a schematic view showing a stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a stacked transparent electrode according to another embodiment of the present invention,
3 is a schematic view showing an apparatus for performing a test for confirming the bending characteristics of the multilayered transparent electrode of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention can be modified into various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. Further, the embodiments of the present invention are provided to more fully explain the present invention to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the shapes and sizes of the elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity of description, and the elements denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings are the same elements. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used throughout the drawings. In addition, "including" an element throughout the specification does not exclude other elements unless specifically stated to the contrary.

One embodiment of the present invention

A first conductive polymer layer;

A second conductive polymer layer; And

A metal layer disposed between the upper conductive polymer layer and the lower conductive polymer layer;

And a transparent electrode layer.

Hereinafter, the laminated transparent electrode of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is a transparent electrode in which a metal layer is disposed inside a conductive polymer film, and is a transparent electrode having excellent flexibility and excellent electric conduction characteristics as compared with a transparent electrode including a conventional conductive polymer.

In the case of the conventional transparent oxide electrode including ITO, the flexibility is not excellent and the transparent electrode including the conductive polymer is not excellent in electrical conductivity. On the other hand, the layered transparent electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent flexibility, Electrical conductivity and light transmittance at the same time and can be used as a transparent electrode of a flexible device.

The stacked transparent electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention is a transparent electrode having a high transmittance of 80 to 90%, a low resistance of 40 to 50 Ω and flexibility.

The transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which a metal layer having excellent electrical conduction characteristics is disposed between conductive polymer layers having excellent flexibility.

If the metal layer is not disposed between the first conductive polymer layer and the second conductive polymer layer and is exposed to the outside, the metal layer may be oxidized, and the stability of use of the transparent electrode may be significantly reduced. When the metal layer is disposed on the substrate, the adhesion between the substrate and the transparent electrode is lowered, which may cause a problem that the resistance significantly increases.

In addition, in the case of an electrode containing nanowires or nanoparticles in the conductive polymer, a short circuit may occur during device fabrication, which may result in degradation of device performance. On the other hand, The metal layer is completely embedded between the conductive polymer layers, which is advantageous in that the device performance is superior.

Layered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured at a low temperature through a solution coating process and a thin film deposition process, and a conductive polymer coating technique can be used, thereby making it possible to achieve a low cost and a large area, and even after repetitive bending, Can be stably maintained and can be applied to a flexible substrate including plastic.

FIG. 1 illustrates a stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first conductive polymer layer 20, a second conductive polymer layer 10, and a metal layer 30.

The first conductive polymer layer 20 and the second conductive polymer layer 10 may be the same material but are not limited thereto and may be different materials.

The first conductive polymer layer 20 and the second conductive polymer layer 10 include a conductive polymer having excellent flexibility.

The first conductive polymer layer 20 and the second conductive polymer layer 10 may include at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The stacked transparent electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may have various optical and electrical characteristics depending on the thickness of the conductive polymer layer and the metal layer. That is, it is a transparent electrode that can more easily control the optical characteristics and electrical characteristics of the transparent electrode by adjusting the thickness.

The thicknesses of the first conductive polymer layer 20 and the second conductive polymer layer 10 may be equal to or different from each other.

At this time, the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 20 is preferably 5 to 40 nm.

If the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 20 is less than 5 nm, the electrical conductivity may be significantly lowered. If the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 20 exceeds 40 nm , There may arise a problem that the transmittance sharply decreases.

The thickness of the second conductive polymer layer 10 is preferably 2 to 20 nm. If the thickness of the second conductive polymer layer 10 is less than 2 nm, the electrical conductivity may be lowered. If the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 10 is more than 20 nm, There may be a problem that the transmittance decreases.

A stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a metal layer 30 disposed between the first conductive polymer layer 20 and the second conductive polymer layer 10.

The metal layer 30 may include at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ti, Al, and W, but is not limited thereto.

The thickness of the metal layer 30 may be 1 to 3 nm, but is not limited thereto.

If the thickness of the metal layer is less than 1 nm, the conductivity of the metal layer 30 may be insufficient, and if the thickness of the metal layer is less than 3 nm , The conductivity is improved but the amount of absorbed light is increased, so that the light transmittance of the transparent electrode may be lowered.

The metal layers may be disposed continuously as in FIG. 1, or discontinuously as in FIG.

The thickness and the thickness of the metal layer can be controlled to control the optical characteristics and the electrical characteristics of the transparent electrode more easily in the layered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

One embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of < RTI ID =

Coating a coating solution containing a first conductive polymer on a substrate to form a first conductive polymer layer (step 1);

Laminating a metal layer on the first conductive polymer layer (step 2); And

And coating the coating solution containing the second conductive polymer on the metal layer to form a second conductive polymer layer (step 3).

Hereinafter, a method for fabricating a stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail for each step.

The method of manufacturing a multilayered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a method for manufacturing a transparent electrode having high conductivity, flexibility and light transmittance at the same time, and may be a method for manufacturing a transparent electrode applicable to a flexible device.

In the conventional method of manufacturing an oxide transparent electrode including ITO, a transparent electrode having poor flexibility is produced, and in the case of a method of manufacturing a transparent electrode including a conductive polymer, a transparent electrode exhibiting low conductivity is produced, Layered transparent electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of simultaneously exhibiting high conductivity, flexibility and light transmittance.

The method of fabricating a multilayered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention does not include a heat treatment process, and thus may be a method capable of forming a transparent electrode on a substrate having a low thermal resistance including a plastic substrate.

The method of manufacturing a stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is advantageous in that a transparent electrode having a large area can be manufactured at a low cost.

The step 1 of the method for manufacturing a layered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is a step of coating a coating solution containing a first conductive polymer on a substrate to form a lower conductive polymer layer.

The first conductive polymer may include, but is not limited to, at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.

The coating solution may be prepared by dispersing the first conductive polymer in a solvent.

The solvent may be distilled water, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol

But is not limited to, at least one of Cole, butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, toluene and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Ultrasonic dispersion may be performed so that the first conductive polymer is uniformly dispersed in the solvent. For example, it is possible to uniformly disperse in an ultrasonic machine of 50 to 500 W for 1 to 20 minutes, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Any of dip coating, spray coating, roll-to-roll coating, gravure coating, spin coating and bar coating may be performed by coating the coating solution on the substrate, but the coating method is not limited thereto.

At this time, the substrate may be a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, or a plastic substrate, but is not limited thereto.

The step 1 may further include coating the coating solution on the substrate, followed by drying, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the step 1, the first conductive polymer layer is preferably formed to a thickness of 5 to 40 nm.

If the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 20 is less than 5 nm, the electrical conductivity may be significantly lowered. If the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 20 exceeds 40 nm , There may arise a problem that the transmittance sharply decreases.

Step 2 of the method for manufacturing a multilayered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is a step of laminating a metal layer on the first conductive polymer layer.

Through the metal layer, the transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention can exhibit improved conductivity over the transparent electrode including only the conventional conductive polymer layer.

At this time, it is preferable that the metal layer is formed to be disposed between the first conductive polymer layer and the second conductive polymer layer.

If the metal layer is not disposed between the first conductive polymer layer and the second conductive polymer layer and is exposed to the outside, the metal layer may be oxidized, and the stability of use of the transparent electrode may be significantly reduced. When the metal layer is disposed on the substrate, the adhesion between the substrate and the transparent electrode is lowered, which may cause a problem that the resistance significantly increases.

The metal layer may be deposited on the first conductive polymer layer by any one of vacuum deposition, electron beam deposition, sputtering, reactive magnetron sputtering, ion plating, pulsed laser deposition, and chemical vapor deposition.

At this time, the metal layer is preferably formed to a thickness of 1 to 3 nm.

If the thickness of the metal layer is less than 1 nm, the conductivity may not be improved sufficiently. If the thickness of the metal layer is more than 3 nm , The conductivity is improved but the amount of absorbed light is increased, so that the light transmittance of the transparent electrode may be lowered.

The method of manufacturing a stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention can easily adjust the conductivity and light transmittance of the transparent electrode by adjusting the thickness of the metal layer.

The metal layer may be formed continuously as shown in FIG. 1, or may be discontinuously formed as shown in FIG.

The metal layer may include at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ti, Al, and W, but is not limited thereto.

The step 3 of the method for fabricating a multilayered transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is a step of forming a second conductive polymer layer by coating a coating solution containing a second conductive polymer on the metal layer.

The second conductive polymer may be the same material as the first conductive polymer, but is not limited thereto.

The second conductive polymer may include, but is not limited to, at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.

The coating solution may be prepared by dispersing the second conductive polymer in a solvent.

The solvent may be distilled water, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol

But is not limited to, at least one of Cole, butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, toluene and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

And ultrasonic dispersion may be performed so that the second conductive polymer is uniformly dispersed in the solvent.

Any of dip coating, spray coating, roll-to-roll coating, gravure coating, spin coating and bar coating may be performed by coating the coating solution on the metal layer prepared in Step 2, But is not limited thereto.

The step 3 may further include coating the coating solution on the metal layer and drying the coating solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The thickness of the second conductive polymer layer in Step 3 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer in Step 1 above.

The thickness of the second conductive polymer layer is preferably 2 to 20 nm.

If the thickness of the second conductive polymer layer 10 is less than 2 nm, the electrical conductivity may be lowered. If the thickness of the first conductive polymer layer 10 is more than 20 nm, There may be a problem that the transmittance decreases.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Experimental Examples.

However, the following Examples and Experimental Examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the contents of the present invention are not limited by the following Examples.

≪ Example 1 >

Step 1: PEDOT: PSS PH1000 was added to a methanol solvent and dispersed for about 5 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution was coated on a PET substrate using a spray coating to form a PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer of about 15 nm.

Step 2: About 1 nm of gold (Au) was deposited on the first conductive polymer layer using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

Step 3: PEDOT: PSS PH1000 was added to a methanol solvent and dispersed for 5 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution was coated on the gold (Au) layer using spray coating to form a PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer of about 15 nm and a PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm / gold (Au) 1 nm / PEDOT: PSS PH1000 A 15 nm thick polymer layered transparent electrode was prepared.

≪ Example 2 >

(PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm / gold (Au) 3 nm / PEDOT: PEDOT) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that gold (Au) PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm thick laminated transparent electrode was prepared.

≪ Example 3 >

(PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm / gold (Au) 5 nm / PEDOT: PEDOT) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that gold (Au) PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm thick laminated transparent electrode was prepared.

<Example 4>

(PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm / gold (Au) 10 nm / PEDOT: Au) was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that gold (Au) PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm thick laminated transparent electrode was prepared.

&Lt; Example 5 >

A PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 5 nm / gold (Au) 1 nm / cm &lt; 2 &gt; was formed on the substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer was changed to 5 nm in the step 1 of Example 1, PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm laminated in this order.

&Lt; Example 6 >

A PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 15 nm / gold (Au) 1 nm / cm &lt; 2 &gt; was formed on the substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer was changed to 5 nm in the step 3 of Example 1, PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 5 nm in this order.

&Lt; Comparative Example 1 &

A PEDOT: PSS PH1000 conductive polymer transparent electrode having a PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer thickness of 30 nm was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer was changed to 30 nm and the steps 2 and 3 were not performed .

&Lt; Comparative Example 2 &

A gold (Au) electrode having a thickness of 10 nm was deposited on the PET substrate by using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

&Lt; Comparative Example 3 &

In Example 1, PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 30 nm / gold (Au) 1 nm laminated on the substrate in the order of 30 nm of the PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer of Step 1 and not performing Step 3 A laminated transparent electrode was prepared.

&Lt; Comparative Example 4 &

(Au) 1 nm / PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer 30 nm on the substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Step 1 was not performed and the PEDOT: PSS PH1000 polymer of Step 3 was changed to 30 nm, Layered transparent electrode.

&Lt; Comparative Example 5 &

Step 1: About 15 nm of ITO was formed on the PET substrate by sputtering.

Step 2: About 1 nm of gold (Au) was deposited on the first conductive polymer layer using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

Step 3: ITO 15 nm / gold (Au) 1 nm / ITO 15 nm type laminated transparent electrode was formed on the gold layer formed by sputtering to form ITO of about 15 nm.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 Comparison of Transmittance and Resistance (1)

In order to compare the transmittance and the resistance of the stacked transparent electrode manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention with other types of electrodes, the following experiment was conducted.

The transmittances of the electrodes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured using a visible light-ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-Vis spectrometer) and the resistivity was measured using a 4-point tester. Respectively.

Transmittance (%) Resistance (Ω) Example 1 85 40 Comparative Example 1 80 140 Comparative Example 2 50 10

A high transmittance and a low resistance are required for use as a transparent electrode.

As shown in Table 1, in the case of the laminated transparent electrode manufactured by Example 1,

A high transmittance of 85% and a low resistance of 40 OMEGA. On the other hand, in the case of an electrode including only the conductive polymer prepared in Comparative Example 1, the transmittance is as high as 80%, but the resistance is very high as 140 OMEGA. On the contrary, in the case of the metal electrode manufactured in Comparative Example 2, the resistance is as low as 10 OMEGA, but the transmittance is as low as 50%.

Thus, it can be seen that the laminated transparent electrode manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention is more suitable for use as a transparent electrode that simultaneously requires a higher transmittance and lower resistance than a conductive polymer transparent electrode and a metal electrode.

<Experimental Example 2> Comparison of Transmittance and Resistance (2)

In order to compare the transmittance and the resistance of the stacked transparent electrode manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention with other types of electrodes, the following experiment was conducted.

The transmittance of the electrode prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 was measured using a visible light-ultraviolet spectrometer (UV-Vis spectrometer) and the resistance was measured using a 4-point tester. Respectively.

Transmittance (%) Resistance (Ω) Example 1 85 40 Comparative Example 3 80 100 Comparative Example 4 80 90

As shown in Table 2, in the case of the laminated transparent electrode manufactured by Example 1 and laminated on the substrate in the order of the first conductive polymer / metal layer / second conductive polymer, a high transmittance of 85% and a low resistance of 40? , Whereas in the case of the laminated transparent electrode laminated in the order of the metal layer / the second conductive polymer on the substrate prepared in Comparative Example 3, the transmittance was 80% and the resistance was 100 Ω. On the substrate prepared in Comparative Example 4 In the case of the first conductive polymer / metal layer laminate type transparent electrode, the transmittance was 80% and the resistance was 90 Ω.

That is, when compared with the structure of the transparent electrode prepared in Example 1, the structure of the transparent electrode prepared in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 has a similar transmittance, but exhibits a higher resistance, thereby remarkably deteriorating the electrode performance .

Accordingly, the transparent electrode having the metal layer disposed between the conductive polymer layers manufactured according to the first embodiment of the present invention requires a higher transmittance and a lower resistance than when the metal layer is disposed on the substrate or on the surface It can be seen that the use as a transparent electrode is more suitable.

<Experimental Example 2> Bending test

The following experiment was conducted to compare the bending characteristics of the stacked transparent electrode manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention with the electrodes of the metal electrode and the metal oxide layer / metal layer / metal oxide layer type.

A method of inserting electrodes manufactured according to Example 1, Comparative Examples 2 and 5 between the fixing plate and the moving plate of Fig. 3 and moving the moving plate to repeatedly reduce and widen the interval 2r of the fixing plate and the moving plate to the maximum , And the results are shown in Table 3 below.

Permeability
Resistance per Banding Cycle (Ω) 0 times 10 times 20 times 40 times 100 times Comparative Example 2 50% 10 50 500 3000 - Comparative Example 5 85% 40 40 40 60 80 Example 1 85% 40 40 40 40 40

As shown in Table 3, in the case of the metal electrode manufactured in Comparative Example 2, the initial resistance value before the bending test was 10 Ω, which was very low, while the resistance increased remarkably as the number of bending cycles was repeated, It can be seen that a very large resistance of 3000?

Further, in the case of the electrode of the metal oxide / metal layer / metal oxide structure manufactured according to Comparative Example 5, the initial resistance value before the banding test is 40 Ω and the resistance value is maintained until the number of times of bending is 20, As the number of times is increased by 40 times and by 100 times, the resistance value is increased to 60 and 80 Ω.

On the other hand, in the case of the stacked transparent electrode according to the first embodiment, the initial resistance value before the banding test is 40 Ω, and the resistance value is maintained until the number of banding times is increased by 100.

As a result, the resistance value of the metal electrode and the electrode of the metal oxide / metal layer / metal oxide structure increases as the banding is repeated. On the other hand, in the case of the stacked transparent electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention, It is expected that the resistance value is maintained and the performance stability is better than that when applied to a flexible device.

&Lt; Experimental Example 3 > Transmittance and resistance according to thickness of metal layer

In order to compare the transmittance and the resistance of the laminated transparent electrode manufactured by varying the thickness of the metal layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, the following experiment was conducted.

The transmittance of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was measured using a visible light-ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-Vis spectrometer) and the resistance was measured using a 4-point tester. The results are shown in Table 4 below .

Metal layer thickness (nm) Transmittance (%) Resistance (Ω) Example 1 1 nm 85 40 Example 2 3 nm 82 30 Example 3 5 nm 80 10 Example 4 10 nm 78 One

As shown in Table 4, in the case of the laminated transparent electrode having the thicknesses of 1, 3, 5 and 10 nm of the metal layers prepared by Examples 1 and 2, the transmittance of 85, 82, 80 and 78% , 10 and 1 [Omega], respectively.

Thus, it can be seen that the stacked transparent electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention can control optical characteristics and electrical conductivity by controlling the thickness of the metal layer.

10: second conductive polymer layer
20: metal layer
30: first conductive polymer layer

Claims (8)

A first conductive polymer layer;
A second conductive polymer layer; And
A metal layer in the form of a continuous thin film having a thickness of 1 to 3 nm and embedded between the first conductive polymer layer and the second conductive polymer layer;
And a transparent electrode.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the metal layer comprises at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ti, Al, and W.
delete delete The method according to claim 1,
The thickness of the first conductive polymer layer is
5 to 40 nm.
The method according to claim 1,
The thickness of the second conductive polymer layer
2 to 20 nm.
The method according to claim 1,
The first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer include
Wherein the transparent electrode comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene dioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene.
Coating a coating solution containing a first conductive polymer on a substrate to form a first conductive polymer layer (step 1);
On the first conductive polymer layer, a continuous thin film of 1 to 3 nm thick Laminating the metal layer (step 2); And
Coating a coating solution containing a second conductive polymer on the metal layer to form a second conductive polymer layer (step 3)
Wherein the metal layer is embedded between the first conductive polymer layer and the second conductive polymer layer.

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