KR101794175B1 - Energy conservation and tensile rength reinforcement type multi waterproofing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an energy-saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method. According to the energy-saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method of the present invention, high-quality construction can be easily performed, solar heat blocking and heat insulation properties are reinforced to drastically reduce heating and cooling costs of a building, and durability is greatly enhanced against fatigue load caused by continuous shrinkage, expansion, and freezing and thawing due to a temperature difference so that waterproof function hardly deteriorates even for long-term use. The energy-saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method comprises: a liquid-applied membrane waterproof agent construction step of applying a one component liquid-applied membrane waterproof agent to a concrete base surface which is to be waterproofed in the building in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the diagonal direction to induce an increase in the tensile strength of the liquid-applied membrane waterproof agent in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the diagonal direction; and a top coating agent construction step of applying a white top coating agent having solar heat reflection and heat insulation functions to the top surface of the liquid-applied membrane waterproof agent.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method,

The present invention relates to a waterproofing method, and in particular, it is possible to easily construct a high-quality building, and further, a solar heating and insulation performance is reinforced, and a cooling / heating ratio of a building can be greatly reduced. The present invention relates to an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method which is greatly improved in durability against fatigue load caused by freezing and thawing and is hardly deteriorated in waterproof function despite its long use.

Generally, asphalt waterproofing method, sheet waterproofing method and film waterproofing method are used for waterproofing on the roof of a building.

In this method, the waterproofing method is a method of applying a waterproofing agent in a liquid state to form a waterproof layer with the remaining film in accordance with the evaporation of water or solvent. Since the roller, spray, brush and other tools are used, It is widely used because it can be installed in complex places.

However, in the waterproofing method used in the waterproofing method according to the prior art, when the waterproofing mast is used, it is easily worn out when it touches the concrete surface due to the rubber material for coating volatile urethane and epoxy with a thickness of 2-3 mm, It is almost impossible to apply a uniform overall thickness to the object unless it is a skilled worker for a long period of time.

Furthermore, when applying a waterproofing agent having no volatility, it is applied only by natural curing, so that the coating thickness is thickened, and the waterproofing agent coating is applied several times with a special roller or brush so as not to cause cracking. It is inevitable to increase the labor cost and the construction period, and it has been very difficult to apply the waterproofing agent in a uniform thickness when the worker is not skilled for a long time.

Also, the waterproof coating layer formed after the application of the waterproofing agent is susceptible to damage due to the direction of crack propagation in the building, and it is very difficult to take measures against the waterproofing agent during the application of the waterproofing agent.

Korean Patent Registration No. 1555549 (2015.09.18)

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a high-quality building which can easily be installed, It is possible to save energy, and it is greatly improved in durability against fatigue load caused by constant shrinkage, expansion and freezing and thawing due to temperature difference, and energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing It is in providing the construction method.

In order to accomplish the above object, the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the technical idea of the present invention is to apply a one-part coating film waterproofing agent to a concrete base surface to be waterproofed in a building, A coating film water repellent agent application step of sequentially applying the coating water repellent agent in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the diagonal direction in order to induce an increase in the tensile strength of the water repellent agent in the direction, the longitudinal direction and the diagonal direction; And coating a white top coating agent having a solar heat reflection and heat insulating function on the top surface of the coating film waterproofing agent.

Here, when the coating water repellent agent application step is performed, the reinforcing sheet is formed in a porous mesh shape capable of penetrating the coating film water repellent agent against the concrete base surface, and is made of a shrinkable and expandable material having a higher elongation percentage than the coating film water repellent agent. And a sheet construction step.

Also, the reinforcing sheet may include 60 to 70 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride and 30 to 40 parts by weight of polyester.

In addition, the reinforcing sheet has a rectangular cross-section, and a first square member convexly and convexly formed toward the center of the upper surface and the lower surface of the reinforcing sheet is continuously arranged alternately with the first square hole to form a mesh, And a second rectangular member having a square cross section and having an upper surface and a lower surface convexly formed in an embossed form toward the center, and a second rectangular member having a rectangular cross- And a second reinforcing sheet having longitudinal grooves formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second square member so that the coating material water repellent agent is drawn in. And the second reinforcing sheet are stacked on the base surface in a multi-layered manner.

The step of applying the coating water repellent agent may include a first coating step of sequentially applying the coating water repellent agent in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the diagonal direction, and a second coating step of coating a new coating water repellent agent in the transverse direction, And a diagonal direction; and a tertiary application step of applying a new coating water repellent agent sequentially in a lateral direction, a longitudinal direction and a diagonal direction when the secondarily applied film water repellent agent is cured, , And the reinforcing sheet construction step is performed before the coating film waterproofing agent first applied after the first coating step is cured.

When the first reinforcing sheet and the second reinforcing sheet are stacked in a multi-layered structure, the first reinforcing sheet and the second reinforcing sheet are laminated so that the first and second reinforcing sheets are aligned with each other And the coating film water repellent agent applied on the second, third and tertiary coating layers is connected without any break.

In addition, a push rod is used to uniformly apply the coating film waterproofing agent in the coating film waterproofing agent application step, and the push rod has a metal rod having a cylindrical body formed long in the left and right direction at the lower end of the rod handle, The rod is provided with a spiral groove having a predetermined depth of the waterproofing agent on the outer surface of the body so as to allow a part of the waterproofing agent to pass through the bottom surface of the body while being moved along the base surface of the building, .

The coating film water repellent agent may be applied only when the temperature of the substrate is measured by an infrared thermometer in the application step of the coating film water repellent agent and is not less than 5 degrees Celsius and not more than 40 degrees Celsius.

According to the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method of the present invention, the introduction of an upper coating agent which is white and excellent in heat insulating performance enhances the solar heat shielding and insulation performance, thereby drastically reducing the cooling / heating ratio of the building.

In addition, the present invention maximizes the effect of increasing the tensile strength according to the coating direction by applying the coating film waterproofing agent in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction, and the diagonal direction, rather than applying the coating film waterproofing agent in only one direction, It is possible to effectively prepare for it.

In addition, the present invention introduces a mesh-type reinforced sheet of polyvinyl chloride and polyester composite material having a higher elongation percentage than that of a coating film waterproofing agent to withstand the fatigue load caused by continuous contraction, expansion and freezing and thawing due to external temperature change Durability can be greatly enhanced. As a result, there is almost no deterioration of the waterproof function in spite of long-term use, so the number of times of repair and replacement can be reduced.

1 is a flowchart of an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a sectional view for explaining the waterproof layer structure applied by the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the embodiment of the present invention
3 is a perspective view for explaining a structure of a plunger used for applying a coating waterproofing agent in an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
4 is a partial plan view for explaining the construction of the first reinforcing sheet in the lateral direction used in the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a partial plan view for explaining a configuration of a longitudinal second reinforcing sheet used in an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the construction of the first reinforcing sheet and the second reinforcing sheet in the energy-saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the construction of the first reinforcing sheet and the second reinforcing sheet in the energy-saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the embodiment of the present invention

The energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is capable of various modifications and various forms, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. Like reference numerals are used for like elements in describing each drawing. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of the structures are enlarged to illustrate the present invention, and are actually shown in a smaller scale than the actual dimensions in order to understand the schematic structure.

Also, the terms first and second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component. On the other hand, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the contextual meaning of the related art and are to be interpreted as either ideal or overly formal in the sense of the present application Do not.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a waterproof layer structure constructed by an energy saving and tensile strength reinforced waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.

As shown in FIG. 1, the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a waterproof putty filling step S10, a primer applying step S20, a coating waterproofing agent first coating step S30, A reinforcing sheet construction step S40, a coating film waterproofing agent secondary coating step S50, a coating film waterproofing agent tertiary coating step S60 and an upper coating agent coating step S70.

According to the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if it is not a highly skilled worker, it is possible to perform high quality construction with uniform thickness, and solar heat insulation and insulation performance are reinforced, It is possible to greatly reduce durability against the fatigue load caused by continuous shrinkage, expansion and freezing and thawing due to temperature difference, and it is possible to form a waterproof layer which hardly deteriorates the waterproof function in spite of long-term use .

Hereinafter, the energy saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the above steps.

In the waterproof putty filling step (S10), a waterproof putty is manufactured, and the waterproof putty is intensively applied to a part of the concrete floor surface (CA) to be cracked by concrete deterioration, freezing and thawing etc. . The waterproof putty is composed mainly of a 'one-part inorganic elastic film waterproofing agent' of Korean Patent No. 0990459 developed by the applicant of the present invention, and contains cement-incorporated polymer waterproofing agent, two-component inorganic elastic coating waterproofing agent, urethane, asphalt and water in an amount of 10 to 20 liters , And Remital (80 kg) for 3 to 5 minutes. In the case of the waterproofing putty filling step (S10), the waterproofing putty having the same main ingredient as the coating waterproofing agent is used instead of separately purchasing and using the floor adjusting agent or the crack repairing agent composed of the coating film waterproofing agents (120,150,160) It is possible to prevent problems caused by defects due to various material inputs, different construction methods, and complicated structures or by the skill of a technician.

In the primer application step (S20), after the concrete base CA is cleaned in a flat state, the type of primer is selected in consideration of season and temperature, and the selected primer 110 is applied. In the case of the primer 110, one of various types can be selected. However, the primer 110 is selected in accordance with the season, and the primer and the hardener are mixed at a proper ratio and applied. When the coated primer 110 is in a state of no stickiness by touching with the hand, it is regarded as completely cured and the next step is carried out.

In the coating film waterproofing agent first coating step S30, the coating film waterproofing agent second coating step S50 and the coating film waterproofing agent third coating step S60, the coating film waterproofing agents 120, 150, Direction, the longitudinal direction and the diagonal direction. As described above, the coating film water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 are applied in the lateral direction to increase the transverse tensile strength of the waterproof layer and to be applied in the longitudinal direction to increase the tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof layer, Further, it can be noted that a unique method of applying the coating film waterproofing agent (120, 150, 160) in the diagonal direction to increase the tensile strength in the diagonal direction of the waterproof layer. According to the unique method of applying the coating water repellent agent (120, 150, 160) in the lateral direction, the longitudinal direction, and the diagonal direction for each step in the step of applying the coating film waterproofing agent over the third time, three layers of coating layers having three- The effect of increasing the tensile strength according to the application direction of the waterproofing agent (120,150,160) is maximized, and thus it is possible to effectively prepare even if the cracking of the building occurs in an unpredictable direction in the future.

It is suitable to use 'one-pack type inorganic elastic coating waterproofing agent' of Korea Patent No. 0990459 developed by Dong-A Waterproof Co., Ltd., which is the applicant, and is sold under the product name 'Top Flex'. Such a coating film waterproofing agent enables an environmentally friendly construction which is harmless to the human body and can be easily applied in the field, and it is advantageous to uniformly apply even a non-specialist in combination with the waterproofing method according to the embodiment of the present invention, have. Furthermore, it has an advantage of excellent weather resistance, durability, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, adhesion, flame retardancy and water resistance.

In order to form a high quality waterproof layer by applying the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160, the application of the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 should be performed when the temperature of the surface CA is in an appropriate range. For this, in the present invention, the temperature of the ground surface CA, which is not the ambient temperature, is measured by an infrared thermometer, and the coating water repellent agent (120, 150, 160) is applied only when the temperature of the ground surface CA is 5 degrees or more and 40 degrees or less . If the temperature is measured in the summer when the temperature is boiling, simply applying the coating waterproofing agent (120,150,160) on the basis of the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the roof bottom may reach 40 to 65 degrees Celsius when the daytime temperature is 30 to 35 degrees Celsius There is a high possibility that the construction will be performed in a state where the surface of the substrate is not at the proper temperature. As a result, construction work is flawed and rework is required, resulting in additional labor costs and material costs.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first coating film water repellent agent 120, the second coating film water repellent agent 150, and the third coating film water repellent agent 160 can be individually coated The developed 1 mm thick plunger (190) is used. The bar 190 is provided with a heavy weight rod 192 made of a metal material having a high weight such as iron or stainless steel rather than a rubber material which is generally used under the rod handle 191. The weight rod 192 has a cylindrical body that is elongated in the left and right direction, and a spiral groove 192a corresponding to a depth of 1 mm is formed on the outer periphery of the body. The weight rod 192 is allowed to move along the bottom surface CA of the building to be processed and allow only a part of the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 to pass downwardly while remaining uniformly 1 mm in thickness on the floor surface CA .

For reference, existing waterproofing mats distributed on the market are for the oil-based type urethane or epoxy-based volatile material to be applied in thickness of about 2-3 mm, and for the formation of the film, It is not suitable for the coating film water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 to be applied. Since the coating water repellent agents (120, 150 and 160) are non-volatile, they are natural curing type. Therefore, when the thickness of the coating applied by the existing plunger is increased, the coating is not sufficiently cured while the surface is dried. In addition, since the existing pushing members are made of a rubber material, the application of the waterproofing agent to the concrete base surface (CA) causes a problem that the rubber is worn out and the uniform thickness of the entire construction can not be achieved. There was a flaw and a need to rework it. Therefore, in order to apply the waterproofing agent (120, 150, 160) at a thickness of 1 mm in the actual site, the application of the coating is performed more than three times with the roller.

However, if a new bar 190 for 1 mm, which has a weight rod 192 made of a metal material as described above, is used, even if it is not a highly skilled worker, high-quality coating with a uniform thickness .

The reinforcing sheet construction step (S40) is performed at a time when the coating film water repellent agent (120, 150, 160) is not cured in the state where the first coating step (S30) of the coating film water repellent agent is performed. In the step of constructing the reinforcing sheet S40, it is preferable to form a porous mesh capable of penetrating the coating film water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 with respect to the concrete ground surface CA and to provide a shrinkable and expandable material having a higher elongation percentage than the coating film water repellent agents 120, The first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 140 are sequentially laid. The first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 140 are both made of a shrinkable and expandable material including 60 to 70 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride and 30 to 40 parts by weight of polyester.

4, the first reinforcing sheet 130 has a rectangular cross section and has a first rectangular member 131 and a first rectangular hole 132 formed in an embossed shape convexly protruding toward the center of the upper surface and the lower surface of the first reinforcing sheet 130, And the first square member 131 is formed with transverse grooves 131a so that the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 are drawn in. 5, the second reinforcing sheet 140 has a rectangular cross section similar to the first reinforcing sheet 130 and has a second square member 141 formed in an embossing shape convexly toward the center of the upper and lower surfaces, The second square hole 142 is formed in an alternate mesh shape and the second square member 141 is formed with a longitudinal groove 141a in which the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 are drawn.

In the step of constructing the reinforcing sheet S40, the first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 140 are sequentially laminated on the concrete base CA. Importantly, the first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 140 are multi- The first rectangular hole 132 of the sheet 130 and the second rectangular hole 142 of the second reinforcing sheet 140 coincide with each other. 7, the first, second and third coated film water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 are applied to the first rectangular hole 132 of the first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second rectangular hole 132 of the second reinforcing sheet 140, And is connected to the upper part and the lower part without being disconnected through the two square holes 142. 7, since the first square member 131 of the first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second square member 141 of the second reinforcing sheet 140 are formed in a convex embossed form, a sufficient amount The water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 are introduced into the first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 140 by the lateral grooves 131a and the longitudinal grooves 141a. And is firmly fixed and integrated.

The first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 130 are made of a shrinkable and expandable material having a porous mesh structure capable of penetrating the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 through the reinforcing sheet construction step S40 and having a higher elongation than that of the coating water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160, When the reinforcing sheet 140 is applied, the first reinforcing sheet 130 and the second reinforcing sheet 140 act like reinforcing bars of the concrete structure, and the tensile strength of the waterproof layer formed by the coating water repellent agents 120, (120,150,160) and the concrete base (CA). Accordingly, the waterproof layer formed from the coating film water repellent agents 120, 150 and 160 is not easily peeled off from the base board CA even under severe conditions and the probability of occurrence of cracks is minimized.

6, the first reinforcing sheet 130 is applied to the entire area A of the base sheet CA, but the second reinforcing sheet 140 (FIG. 6) Is preferably differentiated so as to be installed only in the central portion of the base surface CA. Here, the second reinforcing sheet 140 is installed only in a region of 30 to 40% of the longitudinal and longitudinal length of the base surface at the center of the base CA. When the second reinforcing sheet 140 is installed only in the central portion of the concrete base CA having the largest influence of the weight load and the expansion and contraction according to the above-described structure, the thickness of the waterproof layer is increased, Is formed at a height of about 6 mm on the central portion of the surface (CA), and the durability of the waterproof layer is also increased due to the good flowability without rainwater.

In the upper coating agent application step S70, a white top coating agent 170 having a solar heat reflecting and insulating function is applied on the upper surface of the tertiary coating film water repellent agent 160. [ The upper coating agent 170 was developed by Dong-A Waterproof Co., Ltd. of the present applicant and applied for trademark under the trademark "solar heat-reflective waterproof coating-ES100", and the product is used as it is. It is a white, one-part solar reflective and adiabatic coating that can lower the surface temperature of the rooftop by about 10 to 15 degrees Celsius (over 40 degrees Celsius at high temperatures) compared to typical green topography, Because it has the insulation function, it can reduce the heating and cooling costs, and it can drastically reduce the city center and buildings from the heatwave damage. In addition, it is a high reflectance coating material of white color, but it has the advantage of lowering the contamination rate by adding an anti-pollution agent, providing excellent waterproofness and durability, and having high elasticity function.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. It is clear that the present invention can be suitably modified and applied in the same manner. Therefore, the above description does not limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the limitations of the following claims.

110: Primer 120: Primer coating waterproofing agent
130: first reinforcing sheet 140: second reinforcing sheet
150: Secondary coating waterproofing agent 160: Third coating waterproofing agent
170: Top coating agent 190:

Claims (8)

In order to increase the tensile strength of the coating waterproofing agent in the horizontal direction, longitudinal direction and diagonal direction, it is preferable to apply a one-part type coating waterproofing agent to the concrete base surface which is required to be waterproofed in the building, A step of applying a coating film water repellent agent to be sequentially applied; And a top coat coating agent for applying a white top coat agent having a solar heat reflection and heat insulating function to the top surface of the coating film waterproofing agent,
The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a reinforcing sheet to the reinforcing sheet on the basis of the concrete surface, wherein the reinforcing sheet is formed into a porous mesh shape capable of penetrating the coating film water repellent agent, A shrinkable and expandable material having a high elongation,
The reinforcing sheet has a rectangular cross-section, and the first square members, which are convexly and convexly formed toward the center of the upper and lower surfaces, are alternately disposed alternately with the first square holes to form a mesh shape, And a second rectangular member having a square transverse cross section and having an upper surface and a lower surface convexly formed in an embossed shape toward the center, and a second rectangular member having a rectangular cross- And a second reinforcing sheet having a longitudinal groove formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the second square member so as to allow the coating film water repellent agent to be drawn in, 2 < / RTI > reinforced sheet is applied in a multi-layer laminated form to the base surface. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 & Waterproofing method. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the reinforcing sheet comprises 60 to 70 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride and 30 to 40 parts by weight of polyester. delete The method according to claim 1,
The coating water repellent agent application step may include a first coating step of sequentially applying the coating water repellent agent in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the diagonal direction, and a second coating step of coating the water repellent agent in the transverse direction, And a third coating step of applying a new coating water repellent agent sequentially in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the diagonal direction when the second coated film water repellent agent is cured,
Wherein the step of applying the reinforcing sheet is performed before the first coating applied waterproofing agent is cured after the first coating step is proceeded. 6. The method of claim 5,
The first reinforcing sheet and the second reinforcing sheet are stacked such that the first rectangular holes of the first reinforcing sheet and the second rectangular holes of the second reinforcing sheet coincide with each other when the first reinforcing sheet and the second reinforcing sheet are stacked in the multi- The secondary and tertiary coated film waterproofing agents are connected without interruption at the top and bottom,
Wherein the first reinforcing sheet is applied to the entire area of the base surface but the second reinforcing sheet is applied only to the central portion of 30 to 40% of the length of the base surface in the transverse direction and 30 to 40% Saving and tensile strength reinforced composite waterproofing method. The method according to claim 1,
In order to uniformly coat the coating film waterproofing agent in the coating waterproofing agent application step,
The bar has a metal rod having a cylindrical body formed to be long in the left and right direction at the lower end of the rod handle. The bar has a spiral groove having a certain depth of the waterproofing agent on the outer surface of the body, And allowing only a part of the coating water repellent agent to pass through the lower portion of the body while allowing the coating water repellent agent to remain at a uniform height on the base surface. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the coating film waterproofing agent is applied only when the temperature of the base surface is measured by an infrared thermometer in the application step of the coating waterproofing agent and is not less than 5 degrees Celsius and not more than 40 degrees Celsius.

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