KR101767143B1 - Apparatus, method and computer program for vector drawing - Google Patents
Apparatus, method and computer program for vector drawing Download PDFInfo
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- KR101767143B1 KR101767143B1 KR1020150104937A KR20150104937A KR101767143B1 KR 101767143 B1 KR101767143 B1 KR 101767143B1 KR 1020150104937 A KR1020150104937 A KR 1020150104937A KR 20150104937 A KR20150104937 A KR 20150104937A KR 101767143 B1 KR101767143 B1 KR 101767143B1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
- G06T11/203—Drawing of straight lines or curves
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
A vector drawing apparatus includes a seed generating module configured to generate at least one patch that is a unit drawing unit area corresponding to a user input and generate seed particles in each patch; A color and alpha determination module configured to determine one or more of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle using a random number; And a rendering module configured to render the seed particles contained in the one or more patches as an image by applying a determined color value and an alpha value. The vector drawing device can naturally implement a virtual paint tool such as an airbrush or a pencil through rendering based on the particle representation, and can be easily applied to GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) -based vector graphics Can be utilized.
Description
The present invention relates to a vector drawing apparatus and method and a computer program for the same, and more particularly to a vector drawing apparatus and a computer program therefor, and more particularly, to a paint tool such as an airbrush or a pencil through a particle- For example.
Vector graphics create digital images through points, straight lines, curves, polygons, and other objects based on a series of instructions or mathematical expressions to draw shapes placed in a given two- or three-dimensional space. In vector graphics, data about the shape to be rendered is created and stored in the form of a series of vector description statements. For example, vector graphics data includes locations of a series of points to be connected, instead of storing each bit for drawing a line, such as a conventional raster graphic, resulting in a smaller file size.
In order to implement a paint tool that fills the inside of an area such as an airbrush or a pencil using a vector graphic, a method of filling a unit drawing area with continuous pixels having a predetermined alpha value, A method of applying a texture to a region or a method of determining an alpha value of a pixel based on a distance from the center of the unit drawing region through a simple circle equation or the like has been used.
However, in the case of the above-described conventional art, there is a problem that a region where the unit drawing regions are overlapped is formed and a discontinuous region is generated. In order to solve the problem of the overlap area while using the vector graphics, a very large number of unit drawing areas must be overlapped, which increases the amount of calculation and deteriorates the performance.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer program product capable of implementing a paint tool such as an airbrush or a pencil by a particle representation based on a programmable pipeline of a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) A drawing apparatus and method, and a computer program therefor.
A vector drawing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes a seed generation module configured to generate at least one patch that is a unit drawing unit area corresponding to a user input and generate seed particles in each patch; A color and alpha determination module configured to determine one or more of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle using a random number; And a rendering module configured to render the seed particles included in the one or more patches as an image by applying a determined color value and an alpha value.
In one embodiment, the user input is a sequential input with directionality, and the seed generation module is configured to generate a plurality of patches that are successively arranged along the direction of the user input. At this time, the plurality of patches may at least partially overlap with each other.
The vector drawing apparatus according to one embodiment further comprises a filter application module configured to apply a filter to each patch before modifying the seed particles to modify the alpha value of the seed particles in each patch. In this case, the user input may be a continuous input having directionality, and the filter application module may be configured to apply a filter having a directionality corresponding to the direction of the user input. In addition, the filter may be a circular or elliptical filter.
In one embodiment, the user input comprises a brush size value or a pressure value, and the seed generation module may be configured to determine the size of each patch based on the brush size value or the pressure value.
In one embodiment, the hue and alpha determination module includes a random number generator for generating a random number, and the random number may be used to determine one or more of the hue or alpha values of the seed particles.
In one embodiment, the user input comprises a concentration value or pressure value, and the color and alpha determination module is configured to determine a weight value for adjusting the alpha value based on the concentration value or the pressure value, Section.
In one embodiment, the hue and alpha determination module generates a normal vector corresponding to the seed particles, determines a reflection parameter corresponding to each of the seed particles using the normal vector and a predetermined illumination vector And a reflection application unit configured to adjust a color value of the seed particles using the reflection parameter.
The vector drawing method according to one embodiment can be performed using the vector drawing apparatus according to the embodiments.
The vector drawing method according to an exemplary embodiment includes generating at least one patch that is a unit drawing region corresponding to a user input; Generating seed particles in each patch; Determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle by using a random number; And rendering the seed particles included in the one or more patches as an image by applying a determined color value and an alpha value.
In one embodiment, the user input is a sequential input with directionality, and wherein generating the seed particles comprises generating a plurality of patches that are successively arranged along the direction of the user input. At this time, the plurality of patches may at least partially overlap with each other.
The vector drawing method according to an embodiment further includes the step of applying a filter to each patch to modify the alpha value of the seed particles in each patch before rendering the seed particles to an image. In this case, the user input may be a continuous input having directionality, and the step of modifying the alpha value of the seed particles may include applying a filter having a directivity corresponding to the direction of the user input. In addition, the filter may be a circular or elliptical filter.
In one embodiment, the user input comprises a brush size value or pressure value, and wherein generating the seed particles comprises determining the size of each patch based on the brush size value or the pressure value do.
In one embodiment, the user input comprises a concentration value or a pressure value, and wherein determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle comprises determining the alpha value And determining a weight for adjusting the weight.
In one embodiment, determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle comprises: generating a normal vector corresponding to the seed particles; Determining a reflection parameter corresponding to each of the seed particles using the normal vector and a predetermined illumination vector; And adjusting the color value of the seed particles using the reflection parameter.
A computer program in accordance with one embodiment may be written to a medium to execute the vector image drawing method in combination with hardware.
A vector drawing apparatus, a method, and a computer program therefor according to an aspect of the present invention use a random number for particle representation, use a value inside a pipeline as a seed value, Use the color value as the particle's own color. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention can solve the problem that the image synthesis is well matched in dot units and the discontinuous areas are shaded as in the conventional art, and the airbrush or pencil , And can be easily utilized in GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) based vector graphics.
1 is a schematic block diagram of a vector drawing apparatus according to one embodiment.
2 is a conceptual diagram showing a patch which is a unit drawing region generated according to an embodiment.
Figure 3a is an image of a patch comprising particles with random alpha values.
3B is an image showing that a plurality of patches are superimposed on each other along a user input direction.
3C is an image showing the result of applying a filter to a patch.
FIG. 3D is an image showing that a plurality of patches to which a filter is applied are superimposed on each other along a user input direction.
4A is an image for explaining a specific form of a filter applied to a patch.
4B is an image for explaining a process of rendering a filter to which a patch is applied.
5A is a conceptual diagram of an airbrush to be implemented by a vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
5B is a graph showing the relationship between the brush size of the user input and the nozzle angle of the airbrush.
5C is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure of the user input and the distance between the airbrush-canvas.
5D is a graph showing the relationship between the distance between the air brush-canvas and the size of the spray area.
5E is a graph showing the relationship between the particle density and the alpha value of the seed particle.
6A is a conceptual diagram of a pencil to be implemented by a vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
6B is a graph showing the relationship between the brush size of the user input and the patch size.
6C is an image for explaining the process of adjusting the alpha value of particles in the patch according to user input.
6D is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure of the user input and the threshold value for adjusting the alpha value of the particles in the patch.
6E is an image for explaining a Blinn model for reflection.
6F is an image for explaining a process of applying reflection parameters to particles in a vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 is a schematic block diagram of a vector drawing apparatus according to one embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 1, a
The
Each
The
2 is a conceptual diagram showing a patch generated by a seed generation module of a vector image drawing apparatus according to one embodiment.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the
The
The color and
[Equation 1]
In Equation (1), RandValue is a random number between 0.0 and 1.0 as a generated random number, fract is a function that leaves only the decimal part excluding the integer part, and Seed2D represents the coordinates of the seed particle. vec2 is a function that creates a structure with two elements (x, y) used inside a shader, which is a function for determining the position and color of a pixel. The numbers 13.6797 and 83.917 input to the vec2 function in Equation (1) are exemplary numbers for generating a random number, and the values of the numbers may be different for each random number generation to randomize the result value RandValue. For example, 13,6797 and 83,917 can be multiplied by different values for each random number generation and used as input values of the vec2 function. However, the function for generating a random number may have any other form, and is not limited by Equation (1).
The color and
In one embodiment, the user may determine a brush size value or concentration value (i.e., particle density) by a virtual tool that he or she wishes to use when drawing an image. The touch screen may also be configured to sense pressure by the user's hand or touch pen with respect to the touch screen. In this case, the
In one embodiment, the color values and / or alpha values of the seed particles may be adjusted so that the seed particles can be simulated as reflected by light on the result of the rendering. For this purpose, the color and
FIG. 3A is an image of a patch including particles having a random alpha value, and FIG. 3B is an image showing that a plurality of patches are superimposed on each other along a user input direction.
Referring to FIG. 3A, random alpha values are given to the seed particles in the
3B, the alpha value of each
The patch generated by the above-described process has a rectangular shape centering on a point where the user touches the touch screen by the hand or the touch pen. However, the touch input is not applied to the rectangular area at the same time but is applied to one point, and when the rectangular patch is connected, a discontinuous area is generated.
In order to solve the above problem, in one embodiment, the vector
FIG. 3C is an image showing a result of applying a filter to a patch, and FIG. 3F is an image showing that a plurality of patches to which a filter is applied are superimposed on each other along a user input direction.
3C and 3D, it is possible to obtain a patch 300 'to which a filter is applied by applying a circular filter around the center of a quadrangle (i.e., a touch input position) in a rectangular patch. The seed particles adjacent to the touch input position in the patch 300 'to which the filter is applied have a relatively high alpha value, and the alpha value of the seed particles may gradually decrease as the distance from the touch input position increases. As a result, the particles are scattered intensively at the touch input position, which enables natural expression and eliminates discontinuous regions between the patches.
4A is an image for explaining a specific form of a filter applied to a patch.
Referring to FIG. 4A, the position of the seed particle is (X, Y) in a rectangular patch having vertices of (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1) (CostX, costY) is applied to the alpha value to adjust the alpha value of the seed particle. The cosine function is used to add weight to the horizontal axis. By adjusting the value of t, the patch can be displayed as a horizontally elongated whole.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the rendering module 50 renders the seed particles to which the color value and the alpha value are applied, as an image, according to the above-described process. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4B, the rendering module 50 can adjust the x-axis direction of the patch to coincide with the x-axis direction of the stroke. Here, the stroke means that the user input is a sequential input with directionality. The patch generated by the
In the vector graphics, the operation by the vector image drawing apparatus according to the present embodiment is performed again every time the scale of the image is changed. The
The vector drawing apparatus according to the embodiments described above can naturally implement a virtual paint tool such as an airbrush or a pencil through rendering based on the particle representation.
5A to 5E are conceptual diagrams illustrating characteristics of an airbrush to be implemented by the vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 5A, the airbrush may be modeled such that ink and air are injected into the airbrush and injected into the
Referring to FIG. 5B, the user can determine the brush size he or she wants to use on the drawing software. In proportion to the brush size determined by the user, the nozzle angle of the virtual airbrush implemented by the vector drawing apparatus according to the embodiments is determined. The larger the nozzle angle, the wider the area in which the ink particles are ejected by the airbrush, which is reflected in an increase in the size of the patch in the vector drawing apparatus. As a result, as the size of the brush designated by the user becomes larger, the area where the particles are drawn on the drawing software becomes wider. Specifically, the input for determining the nozzle angle may be a real value between 0.f and 1.f, and this input follows an input value of a predetermined user interface. The nozzle angle for determining the size of the patch to grind the current particle can be calculated by multiplying the input value by a preset maximum nozzle angle.
Referring to FIG. 5C, the user input by the hand or the touch pen on the touch screen may have a predetermined pressure value. In the vector drawing apparatus according to the embodiments, the distance between the virtual air brush and the canvas can be determined in inverse proportion to the pressure value. A reduction in the distance between the virtual airbrush and the canvas is reflected in increasing the alpha value of the seed particles, and consequently, as the user applies greater pressure, the result is a more intense particle drawn in the drawing software. The adjustment of the alpha value by the pressure value is performed by determining the weight according to the pressure value in the
5D, the size of the region where the ink particles are sprayed by the virtual air brush is determined in proportion to the square of the distance between the virtual air brush and the canvas. The increase in the size of the area in which the ink particles are sprayed is reflected as an increase in the size of the patch in the vector drawing apparatus. 5C and 5D, as the user applies a lower pressure, particles are drawn in a wider area with a lighter color, and as the user applies higher pressure, a particle is drawn in a narrower area with a darker color . Specifically, the area size change with pressure can be determined by the aforementioned nozzle angle and the pressure of the current user input (e.g., the pen pressure). The pen pressure may be a real value between 0.f and 1.f as an output value of the stylus mounted on the user equipment. The distance between the imaginary nozzle and the canvas can be calculated by multiplying the output value by a preset maximum distance. That is, as the output value approaches 1.f, the distance between the virtual nozzle and the canvas approaches the minimum distance, and as the output value approaches 0.f, the distance between the virtual nozzle and the canvas approaches the maximum distance.
Referring to FIG. 5E, the user can determine the concentration of the airbrush he or she intends to use on the drawing software. The concentration determined by the user can be reflected to the vector drawing device in the form of the density of the
In one embodiment, the alpha value of the particles in the patch is also affected by the density of the particles being drawn in the patch, and the density of the patches is affected by the speed at which the user input is moving. Specifically, the basic number of particles to be sprayed per unit time can be set in advance by a virtual air brush, and the density can be calculated by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the number of spray particles by the time the user input is in the spray area, have. The density may be converted to an alpha value through a ratio relative to a preset reference alpha value. For example, the reference alpha value when 50000 particles are sprayed by a virtual air brush in a patch having a length of 1 cm in each of the length and width can be set to 1.0. If more than 50000 particles are sprayed with a long hand or touch pen in the patch, the final alpha value increases by more than 1.0, and conversely, the user places the hand or touch pen in the patch for only a short time, If less particles are sprayed, the final alpha value is less than 1.0. By multiplying the final alpha value determined by the density by the random number corresponding to each seed particle, the alpha value of each seed particle is finally determined.
6A to 6D are conceptual diagrams illustrating the characteristics of a pencil to be implemented by the vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 6A, a pencil may be modeled such that graphite corresponding to a pencil lead is buried in the form of
Referring to FIG. 6B, the user can determine the brush size he or she intends to use on the drawing software. In proportion to the brush size determined by the user, the size of the patch in the vector drawing apparatus according to the embodiments is increased. As a result, as the size of the brush designated by the user becomes larger, the area where the particles are drawn on the drawing software becomes wider. Unlike an airbrush, the size of the patch is unaffected by the pressure value and continues to be drawn with the determined brush size.
Referring to FIG. 6C, the user can determine the concentration (i.e., increase) of the pencil he or she intends to use on the drawing software. The concentration determined by the user may be reflected through the number of seed particles generated by the vector drawing device. Specifically, the seed particles in the patch have randomly determined alpha values, wherein seed particles having an alpha value below a predetermined threshold value can be made invisible by adjusting the alpha value of the seed particles to zero. Thus, by increasing or decreasing the threshold, the number of seed particles seen in the patch can be adjusted. For example, as the threshold value is higher, a smaller number of seed particles are drawn. 5C and 5E, the number of seed particles can be reflected in the alpha value of the seed particle through the weight determined by the
Referring to FIG. 6D, not only when the user selects to zoom in the pencil, but also according to the pressure applied by the user, the above-described threshold value can be changed. The stronger the pressure is applied by the user, the lower the threshold value, resulting in a larger number of particles being drawn. Therefore, even when using the same gentle pencil, the stronger the pressure, the darker the effect can be obtained.
On the other hand, in the case of pencil, graphite is used by the principle that it is drawn by crushing on paper. In case of graphite, it reflects light and has a characteristic of glittering. In order to reflect these characteristics in the vector graphics, the vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment can modify the color values of the seed particles to apply reflection parameters to the seed particles generated by the vector drawing apparatus. The above operation can be performed by the
6E is an image for explaining a Blinn model for reflection.
Referring to FIG. 6E, the reflection parameters at any one point on the object surface in the blind model include the normal vector N of the point, the vector V from the point to the observer, the vector L from the point to the illumination, the half- angle) vector H. The half-angle vector H is a vector having a direction bisecting the angle between the vector V from the point to the observer and the vector L from the point to the illumination, that is, H = (L + V) / 2.
6F is an image for explaining a process of applying reflection parameters to particles in a vector drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 6F, the
&Quot; (2) "
The max function in Equation (2) serves to output the larger one of L * N and 0.
At this time, the hue value I of each
&Quot; (3) "
The vector S in the above equation (3) is defined as the following formula (4) using the predetermined basic reflection color vector Sm of the particle material, the vector V from each
&Quot; (4) "
Figures 6e and 6f illustrate the process of applying reflection parameters to seed particles with reference to the case of a pencil. However, this is exemplary and in other embodiments airbrushes or other different types of tools may be modeled to apply the reflection parameters, which is within the scope of the present invention.
The vector drawing method according to the embodiments may be performed using the vector drawing apparatus according to the above-described embodiments, and the configuration of the vector drawing apparatus according to the embodiments may be applied to the vector drawing method in a time-series manner.
The vector drawing method according to an exemplary embodiment includes generating at least one patch that is a unit drawing region corresponding to a user input; The vector drawing apparatus comprising: generating seed particles in each patch; The vector drawing apparatus comprising: determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle by using a random number; And the vector drawing device applying the determined color value and alpha value to render the seed particles contained in the at least one patch as an image.
The operations according to the vector drawing apparatus and method according to the embodiments described above can be at least partially implemented in a computer program and recorded in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by a computer is stored. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage, and the like. The computer readable recording medium may also be distributed over a networked computer system so that computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed manner. In addition, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the present embodiment may be easily understood by those skilled in the art to which this embodiment belongs.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. However, it should be understood that such modifications are within the technical scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
A color and alpha determination module configured to determine one or more of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle using a random number; And
And a rendering module configured to apply the at least one of the determined color values or alpha values to render the seed particles contained in the at least one patch as an image,
Wherein the color and alpha determination module comprises:
A random number generator for generating a random number and is configured to determine at least one of a color value or an alpha value of the seed particles by using a random number generated by using coordinates of the seed particle as an input value to the random number generator,
And a weight determining unit configured to determine a weight for adjusting the alpha value based on a pressure value or a velocity value corresponding to the user input.
Wherein the plurality of patches are at least partially overlapping each other.
Further comprising a filter application module configured to apply a filter to each patch to modify the alpha value of the seed particles in each patch before rendering the seed particles.
Wherein the user input is a sequential input having directionality,
Wherein the filter application module is configured to apply a filter having a directionality corresponding to a direction of the user input.
Wherein the filter is a circular or elliptical filter.
Wherein the user input comprises a brush size value or a pressure value,
Wherein the seed generation module is configured to determine a size of each patch based on the brush size value or the pressure value.
Wherein the user input comprises a concentration value,
Wherein the weight determining unit is further configured to determine a weight for adjusting the alpha value based on the density value.
Wherein the color and alpha determination module generates a normal vector corresponding to the seed particles and determines a reflection parameter corresponding to each of the seed particles using the normal vector and a predetermined illumination vector, Further comprising a reflection applying unit configured to adjust a color value of the seed particles using the seed particles.
The vector drawing apparatus comprising the steps of: generating seed particles having coordinates respectively and arranged in each of the patches;
The vector drawing apparatus comprising: determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle by using a random number; And
Wherein the vector drawing device applies one or more of the determined color values or alpha values to render the seed particles contained in the one or more patches as an image,
Wherein determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle comprises:
Determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of the seed particles by using a random number generated by using coordinates of the seed particle as an input value to a random number generator; And
And adjusting the alpha value using a weight determined based on a pressure value or a velocity value corresponding to the user input.
Wherein the plurality of patches are at least partially overlapped with each other.
Wherein the vector drawing apparatus further comprises the step of applying a filter to each patch to modify the alpha value of the seed particles in each patch before rendering the seed particles to an image.
Wherein the user input is a sequential input having directionality,
Wherein modifying the alpha value of the seed particles comprises applying a filter having a directionality corresponding to a direction of the user input.
Wherein the filter is a circular or elliptical filter.
Wherein the user input comprises a brush size value or a pressure value,
Wherein generating the seed particles comprises determining the size of each patch based on the brush size value or the pressure value.
Wherein the user input comprises a concentration value,
Wherein determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle further comprises determining a weight for adjusting the alpha value based on the density value.
Wherein determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle comprises:
Generating a normal vector corresponding to the seed particles;
Determining a reflection parameter corresponding to each of the seed particles using the normal vector and a predetermined illumination vector; And
And adjusting the color value of the seed particles using the reflection parameter.
In the vector drawing method,
Generating at least one patch corresponding to a user input defining a continuous trajectory, the patch being a unit drawing region along the trajectory;
Generating seed particles disposed in each patch with respective coordinates;
Determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle by using a random number; And
Applying the at least one of the determined color values or alpha values to render the seed particles contained in the at least one patch as an image,
Wherein determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of each seed particle comprises:
Determining at least one of a hue value or an alpha value of the seed particles by using a random number generated by using coordinates of the seed particle as an input value to a random number generator; And
And adjusting the alpha value using a weight determined based on a pressure value or a velocity value corresponding to the user input.
Computer program.
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