KR101748223B1 - Apparatus for tightening or loosening fasteners - Google Patents

Abstract

Devices for tightening or unfastening air pressure, electrical, hydraulic, and manually driven fasteners are described. In one example, this includes a receiving member rotatably supported on the receiving member for receiving the fastener; An apparatus for effecting rotation of the receiving member to tighten or release the fastener; And a device for transmitting the reaction force while tightening or loosening the fastener. A first force transmitting element rotatably attached around a rotational axis of the device for effecting rotation; And a second force transmission element rotatably attached to at least a portion of the first element, attached and retractably attached thereto, or rotatably attached thereto, and attached thereto in a stretchable and retractable manner.

Description

[0001] APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING OR LOOSENING FASTENERS [0002]

Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates generally to torque-powered tools and, more particularly, to a tool with a reaction adapter for a tool, an adapter, and a method of using the same.

The present application relating to the present invention is directed to U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 428,200, filed on April 22, 2009, entitled " Reaction Adapter for Torque Power Tools and Method of Use " U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 574,784, filed on October 7, 2009, entitled " Reaction Adapter for Torque Power Tools and Method of Use Thereof " And U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 267,694, filed on December 8, 2009, entitled " Device for tightening or loosening fasteners ". The foregoing are incorporated herein by reference.

Torque power tools are well known and include those powered by air pressure, electricity, hydraulic, manually driven or any other powered device by a torque multiplier. All torque-powered tools have a turning force and a counter force that is equal and opposite to that. Sometimes this is done to ensure that the fastener, such as, for example, a nut, is adjacent to an actual and accessible stationary object to stop the tool's housing from rotating backward while rotating forward It is required to use a reaction fixture. The stationary object must be realistic to absorb the reaction force, and the reaction fixture must be accessible adjacent to it. The reaction fixture is connected around an axis or housing and is equipped with a device that allows the fixture to be held stably against the tool housing during operation. This can be achieved with splines, polygons or other configurations. Some examples of known torque power tools including reaction arms for abutting against stationary objects are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,152,243, 6,253,642 and 6,715,881.

These reaction fixtures limit the function of the tool. This, on the one hand, which is connected to the torque axis allows the tool housing to rotate completely around the torque axis without changing the adjacent points, but on the other hand limits the proximity of the same axis to the stationary object. This, on the one hand, which is connected to the housing allows the nuts to be rotated to abut against stationary objects lying in various peripheral and spatial positions on the one hand, but on the other hand, Thereby preventing the tool housing from rotating completely.

The adjustability of these reaction fixtures is limited to a single axis, which makes it impossible to use a single tool in assembly with substantial stalls in inaccessible places. Typically, the driver requires several tools with reaction fixtures oriented in different directions in the field to adjoin to the physical and accessible stops. Alternatively, the operator disassembles the tool, corrects the position of the reaction fixture, and reassembles the tool. The solution of the former is costly and the latter solution is time consuming.

If such a reaction fixture is not properly abutted against an actual and accessible stationary object, then a customized reaction fixture is required. Improving the tool connection means to accommodate customized reaction fixtures results in high expenditure, is not safe and is time consuming. For this reason, toolmakers provide a variety of commercially useful reaction fixtures.

During operation of the tool, the biasing force is transmitted to the stationary object through the reaction fixture, so that the biasing force is directed to the housing along the rotational axis of force. The reaction force for a tool with a torque output of 10,000 ft.lbs. Is 40,000 lbs. And is applied as a side load to the stationary object in one direction and as a side load to the fastener to be rotated in the opposite direction. A large reaction force bends the fastener and increases its rotational friction.

When the reaction force is transmitted to the stationary object perpendicular to the rotational axis, the bit force is limited and there is almost no destructive force. The ideal adjacent point is perpendicular to the rotational force axis and in the same plane as the to-be-rotated fastener. A tool that works with a socket that extends downward into a plane, such as a fastener, generates a bit force. The bit force exacerbates the fastener bending force by the distance (H) between the attachment point of the socket and the tool and the fastener plane. The bit force and the fastener bending force are limited when the reaction force is transmitted perpendicularly to the rotational force axis in a plane that is approximately equal to the distance (H) above the plane of the fastener, resulting in almost no destructive force. Therefore, the ideal abutment pressure point is perpendicular to the rotational force axis in a plane that is as high as the distance (H) above the fastener plane. These reaction fixtures do not deliver the reaction force to the ideal wall pressure point. The reaction fixture should be adjustable to minimize the bit force and fastener bending force to prevent the tool from leaving the workplace and not fail.

Such a reaction fixture can not be adjusted around multiple axes due to the total weight of the tool. Tools need to be portable for many fasteners. The maximum weight of the tool to be carried safely by the driver shall not exceed 30 lbs. For larger fasteners, the maximum weight of the tool, which can be carried safely by two drivers, shall not exceed 60 lbs. Such a weight may be exceeded in such cases where practical and accessible stops require customized reaction fixtures, but in such cases the use of a crane is required. The use of a crane to support the tool will result in higher expenditure. And this is only practical for large fasteners.

Other tools having a reaction fixture according to the prior art are described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 361,218, 4,549,438, 4,538,484, 4,607,546, 4,619,160, 4,671,142, 4,706,526, 4,928,558, 5,027,932, 5,016,502, 5,142,951, 5,152,200, 5,301,574, 5,791,619, .

Therefore, what is required is a reaction force transmitting device which overcomes the conventional defects and a method of using it.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a reaction adapter for pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, and manually driven torque-powered tools, a tool with the adapter, and a method of using the same.

A reaction adapter for pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, and manually driven torque-powered tools, tools with the adapter, and methods of using such are described. In one illustrative example, the first reaction adapter includes a first force transmission element rotatable about a rotational axis of the tool when engaged with the tool; And a second force transmission element that, when engaged with the first element, rotates about at least the distal end of the first element, stretches and retracts therefrom, or rotates about and extends therealong and contracts . In another exemplary embodiment, the tool for tightening or unscrewing the fastener includes a first reaction adapter.

In yet another example, the second reaction adapter of the device for fastening or unfastening the fastener comprises a first force transmission element attachable to the reaction support of the device; A second force transmission element slidably attachable to the first element; And the second adapter is adjustable adjacent to the stop.

Advantageously, the first element can be separately and separately engageable with the tool, and the second element can be separately and separately and separately engageable with the first element. The portability of the tool is maximized and the weight of the tool is minimized. Commercially available reaction fixtures may be used as an alternative to or part of the first and second elements rather than customized reaction fixtures. Therefore, the price can be reduced and the safety can be improved. The reaction adapter is adjustable to minimize the bit force and fastener bending force to prevent the tool from leaving the work area and not fail. The reaction adapter is adjustable, enclosed, or interlocked with an actual fastener or stop at an ideal circumferential pressure point when engaged with the tool. The reaction adapter delivers reaction force to the ideal wall pressure point during operation when engaged with the tool. The operator no longer needs several tools with reaction fixtures oriented in different directions in the field to adjoin the actual stop. In addition, the operator does not need to completely disassemble the tool, correct the position of the reaction fixture, and reassemble the tool.

In yet another example, the fastener tightening or unfastening device includes first and second receiving members rotatably supported thereon to receive the first and second fasteners; First and second devices for effecting rotation of each receiving member to tighten or unfasten each fastener; And a device for controlling the operating parameters of each device to validate the rotation to maintain the difference in operating parameters within a predetermined range of values.

Advantages include unintentional injury to the driver; Bolt load variation due to friction difference between one fastener and another fastener; Fastener bending and thread wear resulting from asymmetric absorption of lateral loads; And the phenomenon of replacing the fastener due to fastener bending and screw abrasion is substantially reduced. The reaction forces generated by the device are themselves canceled at the ideal wall pressure point. And the portability of the device is increased. Also, the ability to simultaneously tighten or loosen two fasteners increases efficiently and productively.

According to the apparatus for tightening or loosening a fastener according to the present invention, it is possible to attach a part of each part separately and use it as a substitute, thereby improving portability, reducing cost, and improving safety And no further need for a tool with a reaction fixture oriented in the opposite direction in the field to allow the driver to adjoin the stationary object, disassembling or reassembling the tool in the field and reacting It is possible to reduce the cost and time by eliminating the need to change the position of the fastener, and it is also possible to reduce the variation of the bolt load due to the difference in friction between the fasteners and the bending of the fastener caused by the asymmetric absorption of the side load, Can be reduced.

1 is a side view showing a representative example of a tool having a reaction adapter for a torque-powered tool and a reaction adapter of the present invention.
2 is a plan view of Fig.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of Fig. 1 with a reaction adapter arranged adjacently against the stoppage around the pipe flange; Fig.
4 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method of using a tool having a reaction adapter and a reaction adapter.
Figs. 5A-5C illustrate alternative examples of third and fourth connecting means of the first and second force transmission elements and a second force of a reaction adapter including a bore and boss nut, a bore and a detent, And a fourth connecting means of the transmitting element.
Figure 6 is a view of a commercially available reaction fixture that can be used with a portion of a reaction adapter.
7 is a side view of a device for tightening or unfastening a fastener having a torque output adjustment system.
8 is a perspective view of the apparatus of Fig.
9 is a perspective view of a first and second pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, or manually driven torque power tool attached by a reaction adapter;
10 is a stereoscopic view of another exemplary example of a reaction adapter for a tool.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of yet another exemplary embodiment of a reaction adapter for another tool.

The following description incorporates the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present application. This description is intended to illustrate the general principles of the present application, but does not limit the inventive concept of the claimed invention herein.

An exemplary embodiment of a tool having a reaction adapter and a reaction adapter for a torque power tool.

1 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a reaction adapter 150 for a torque power tool 100. FIG. 2 is a plan view of Fig. The tool 100 includes a housing 101 having two housing parts, a cylinder part 102, and a driving part 103.

The cylinder piston means 104 is disposed in the cylinder portion 102 and includes a cylinder 105, a piston 106 reciprocable in the cylinder 105 along the piston axis A ₁ , And a piston rod 107 connected thereto. A known lever-type ratchet device 108 is disposed in the drive portion 103, connected to and driven by the cylinder piston means 104, and includes a ratchet 109. The ratchet 109 is rotatable about a rotational axis B ₁ perpendicular to the piston axis A ₁ . The ratchet 109 is connected to a drive element 110 which receives a first rotational force 190 acting about a rotational force axis B ₁ in one direction 192 while the tool 100 is operating ). The rotational force 190 rotates a hex socket 111 attached to the driving element 110 that drives the nut 131.

The reaction support portion 114 formed on one portion of the cylinder portion 103 receives the second rotational force 191 acting on the rotational force axis B ₁ in the other direction while the tool 100 is operating. The reaction support 114 is formed of an annular polygonal body 115 having a plurality of external splines 116. The outer splines 116 extend radially outwardly from a central axis A ₂ located circumferentially around the annular body 115 and coaxial with the piston axis A ₁ .

The reaction support part 120 connected to the driving part 103 receives the second rotational force 191 acting around the rotational force axis B ₁ in the other direction 193 while the tool 100 is operating. The reaction support 120 is formed of an annular polygonal body 121 having a plurality of external splines 123. The outer spline 123 extends radially outwardly from a central axis B ₂ which is located around the circumference of the annular body 121 and coaxial with the rotational axis B ₁ .

The reaction adapter 150 receives a second rotational force 191 acting in the other direction 193 while operating when attached to the reaction support 120. The first and second rotational forces 190 and 191 are equal and opposite to each other. The first rotational force 190 rotates the fastener 131 and the reaction adapter 150 transmits the second rotational force 191 to the stationary object, in this case the adjacent nut 133, at the peripheral wall pressure point P ₁ do.

The reaction adapter 150 generally comprises a first force transmission element 160 rotatable about a rotational axis of force B ₁ when engaged with a tool; And is rotatable about at least the distal end 165 of the first element 160 when it engages the first element 160 or is extendable and retractable along the distal end and is rotatable about the distal end and along the distal end And a second force transmission element 170 that is elongate and retractable. The first element 160 includes a proximal portion 161 formed by an annular polygonal body 162 having a plurality of internal splines 163 and includes an internal bore 167 and a plurality of internal splines 168 And a distal end portion 165 formed into a tubular member 166 having a tubular member 166 having a tubular shape. The second element 170 includes a proximal portion 171 formed of a tubular member 172 having a plurality of outer splines 173 and a distal portion 175 formed into a rectangular body 176. The first element 160 has a first force transmission axis C ₁ that extends substantially perpendicularly thereto when attached to the tool 100 and is substantially perpendicular to the rotational force axis B ₁ . The second element 170 has a second force transmission axis D ₁ that extends substantially perpendicularly thereto when attached to the first element 160 and is perpendicular to the first force transmission axis C ₁ I have.

The first element 160 is non-rotatably attached to the reaction support 120 in the first position and is held in place by the locking device 180. The first element 160 can be separately and individually and independently engaged and attached to the tool 100. The inner spline 163 is positioned around the inner periphery of the annular body 162 and extends radially inward toward the central axis B ₃ . The inner width of the annular body 162 and the outer width of the annular body 121 are so formed that the inner spline 163 fits into the outer spline 123. The annular body 121 and the proximal portion 161 include first and second connecting means 124,164. The reaction support 120 and the first element 160 can be attached to each other by attaching the first and second connecting means 124,164. The locking device 180 may include other well known types such as a bore and pin or a receiving groove on the proximal portion 161 and a reaction clamp with a spring on the bottom of the reaction support 120. The axes B ₁ , B ₂ and B ₃ are coaxial when the first element 160 and the reaction support 120 are attached to each other and to the tool 100.

The second element 170 is non-rotatably attached to the first element 160 in the second position and is held in place by the locking device 181. The second element 170 can be separately and individually and independently engaged and attached to the first element 160. The inner splines 168 are positioned around the inner perimeter of the inner bore 167 and extend radially inward toward the central axis C ₂ . The outer splines 173 are positioned around the circumference of the tubular member 172 and extend radially outwardly from the central axis C ₃ . The inner width of the inner bore 167 and the outer width of the tubular member 172 are so formed that the inner spline 168 fits into the outer spline 173. The inner bore 167 receives the tubular member 172 in the retracted configuration. The distal end 165 includes a tubular member 166, an inner bore 167 and a third connecting means 169 which constitute an inner spline 168. The abutting portion 171 includes a tubular member 172 and a fourth connecting means 174 constituting an external spline 173. The first and second elements 160,170 can be attached to one another by attaching third and fourth connecting means 169,174 and are held in place by the locking device 181. [ Locking device 181 may include other well known types such as bore and pin or receiving recesses on abutment 171 and reaction clamps with spring on end 165. When the second element 170, the first element 160 and the reaction support 120 are attached to each other and to the tool 100, the axes B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ become coaxial, The axes (C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ ) are coaxial. The rectangular body 176 of the distal end 175 extends perpendicularly to the tubular member 172 and the first element 160 as shown.

The tool 100 is ready to rotate the nut 131 screwed into the lug 132 to connect a flange (not shown). The reaction adapter 150 is attached to the tool 100 at the previous reaction force position to transfer the rotational force 191, reaction force, to the nut 133 at the peripheral wall pressure point P ₁ during operation. As the rotational force 190 rotates the hex socket 111 in the nut 131 the rectangular body 176 supported by the distal end 175 abuts against the wall pressure point P ₁ at the wall of the nut 133 Come on. This prevents the ratchet 109 from rotating inward with respect to the nut 131. Therefore, the nut 131 is rotated by the hex socket 111 to the required torque.

Nut 131 is rotated is located at the center, reaction adapter 150, the peripheral wall point pressure (P ₁₎ for being arranged on the left side of the center, and the nut 135 is positioned to the right of center. Since action and reaction are equal but opposite, the reaction adapter 150 pushes its adjacent region from the center back (see FIG. 2). The side load applied to the driving portion 103 is reduced but not completely removed.

3 is a perspective view of FIG. 1 having a reaction adapter 350 abutting against a pipe segment 302 of a pipe flange 300. FIG. The reaction adapter 350 may be any of the reaction adapters of Figures 1 - 2, except that the second element 370 is rotated counterclockwise to abut against the pipe segment 302 at the peripheral wall pressure point P ₁ . (150). As described above, the tool 100 operates with the hex socket 111 reaching below the fastener plane 141. The bit force exacerbates the fastener bending force by a distance H approximately between the attachment point of the socket 111 to the tool 100 in the plane 140 and the fastener plane 141 (see Fig. 1). In this example, axes C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , and D ₁ lie in a plane 140 that is a greater distance H than plane 141. The bit force and the fastener bending hip force are limited and minimally destructive when the rotational force 191, reaction force, is transferred vertically to the rotational force axis B ₁ in this plane 140. Therefore, the ideal peripheral wall pressure point P ₃ for the reaction adapter 350 is perpendicular to the rotational force axis B ₁ in the plane 140.

The first element 160 can be separately and individually and independently engaged and attached to the tool 100 and the second element 170 can be separately and separately attached to the first element 160 And can be independently engaged and attached. The portability of the tool 100 is maximized and the weight of the tool 100 is minimized. Commercially available reaction fixtures may be used with or instead of the first and second elements 160 and / or 170 rather than a customized reaction fixture. Therefore, the price can be reduced and the safety can be improved. The reaction adapter 150 is adjustable to minimize the bit force and fastener bending force to prevent the tool 100 from being dislodged from the work area and to avoid failure. The reaction adapter 150 is adjustable adjacent to a stop that is visible at an ideal peripheral wall pressure point (P ₃ ) but difficult to access when engaged with the tool 100. The reaction adapter 150 transmits a rotational force 191 at an ideal peripheral wall pressure point P ₃ while operating when attached to the tool 100. The operator no longer needs to use several tools with reaction fixtures oriented in different directions to adjoin the substantive stall for application in each situation in the workplace. Also, the driver does not need to completely disassemble the tool 100 for each application, nor does it need to move the reaction adapter 150 and reassemble the tool 100. In addition, the reaction adapter 150 allows full rotation of the housing 101 about the rotational axis B ₁ without changing the ideal peripheral wall pressure point P ₃ . Therefore, it is possible to avoid any peripheral obstacle in the rotation plane of the housing 101. [

An exemplary method of using a tool having a reaction adapter and a reaction adapter.

4 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method of using a tool having a reaction adapter and a reaction adapter. 1-3 will be referred to with the flow chart steps of Fig.

Beginning at step 404 of Figure 4, the tool 100 provides a housing 101 having a cylinder portion 102 and a drive portion 103; Disposing cylinder piston means (104) movable along the piston axis (A ₁ ) in the cylinder portion (102); Disposing a ratchet device (108) connected to the cylinder piston means (104) in the driving portion (103) and capable of being driven thereby; Equipment for the rotational force axis (B ₁₎ around the rotatable ratchet 109 from perpendicular to the piston axis (A _1), the ratchet device 108, and; And a drive element 110 connected to the ratchet 109 and receiving a first rotational force 190 acting about a rotational force axis B ₁ in one direction 192 during operation of the tool 100 Lt; / RTI >

Next, at step 406 of FIG. 4, the first element 160 is positioned adjacent to the reaction support 120 substantially adjacent to the adjacent section 161 and with the axes B _1, B ₂ and B ₃ in a straight line Thereby engaging with the tool 100. [ The annular body 162 is passed past the drive element 110.

In step 408 of FIG. 4, the first element 160 is rotated about the rotational force axis B ₁ to the first position. The first position is selected based on the location adjacent to the visible and accessible stop which can be found at various peripheral spatial locations relative to the nut < RTI ID = 0.0 > 131. < / RTI > The first element 160 can be rotated about the rotational force axis B ₁ since the inner spline 163 and the outer spline 123 are not yet aligned when engaged with the tool 100. [

4, the first element 160 is moved in the first position by the engagement of the inner splines 163 with the outer splines 123 and by the actuation of the locking device 180, Respectively. In the step not shown in Fig. 4, the hex socket 111 is attached to the driving element 110 and the tool 100 is placed on the nut 131. In Fig.

In step 412 of Figure 4, the second element 170 is substantially adjacent to the abutment portion 171 to the distal end (165) and and the axis (C _1, C _2, C ₃₎ of claim 1 By a straight And is engaged with the element 160.

In step 414 of FIG. 4, the second element 170 rotates about the distal end 165 and, by contracting it along the distal end 165, . The second position is selected based on the location adjacent to the visible and accessible stationary object. The second element 170 is rotatable about the distal end 165 because the inner spline 168 is not yet engaged with the outer splines 173 when engaged with the first element 160. [ The second element 170 is rotated about the distal end 165 at any of a plurality of extension angles; Inner splines 168 and outer splines 173 are engaged when inner bore 167 receives tubular member 172 in a retracted configuration; And the second element 170 is retracted along the distal end 165 to any of a plurality of extension lengths. The reaction adapter 150 is adjacent to the substantially accessible stop, nut 133, in the second position. In step 416 of FIG. 4, the second element 170 is attached to the first element 160 in the second position by actuation of the locking device 181. The reaction adapter 150 is now in the reaction force prior position.

When the tool 100 needs to be disassembled or the reaction adapter 150 needs to be adjusted to a different NWP point, the second element 170 may be moved to the first element 170 by disengaging the locking device 181, (Not shown). The second element 170 is moved away from the distal end 165 until the inner spline 168 and the outer spline 173 are no longer engaged and the second element 170 is no longer adjacent to the first element 160 . The tool 100 can be displaced from the nut 131 and the hex socket 111 can be separated from the driving element 110. [ The first element 160 is moved away from the reaction support 120 by disengaging the locking device 180 and releasing engagement of the inner splines 163 and outer splines 123 and removing it from the reaction support 120. [ . The steps of FIG. 4 are then repeated.

In an alternative method of using a tool having a reaction adapter and a reaction adapter, the second element is engaged with the first element before the first element engages the tool. The reaction adapter can be fully assembled and preconditioned and abutted against visible and accessible stoppers before engaging the tool.

An alternative structure of the first and second connecting means.

The reaction support 120 may have a height that allows the first element 160 to slide along the reaction support 120 when engaged with the reaction support 120. The distance H and the plane 140 may be varied by slipping the first element 160 along the reaction support 120.

The abutment portion 161 may have an annular body 162 that is hinged so that the annular body 162 is not passed past the drive element 110 in step 406 of FIG. The first element 160 is configured to substantially abut the abutment portion 161 to the reaction support 120 and to substantially maintain the axis B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ substantially in a line, without hinging the annular body 162. To be engaged with the tool (100). Similar structures can be used for other tools and reaction adapter components.

An alternative structure of the third and fourth connecting means.

Figures 5A-5C are perspective views of alternative structures of the bore and threaded nut, the bore and detent, and the third and fourth connecting means of the first and second elements, including the polygonal shape. Referring back to Figs. 1-4, the distal end 165 and abutment 171 include third and fourth connecting means 169,174 having a splined configuration. The first and second elements 160,170 may be attached to one another by attaching third and fourth connecting means 169,174.

Figure 5a is a perspective view of a second construction of the third and fourth connection means (569 _A, 574 _A). In general, what is referred to in connection with Figures 1 - 3 applies to Figure 5a. The portion of the distal end 565 _A of the first element 160 is radially oriented with at least three sets of inner bore 567 _A and is formed with bores 568 A ₁ , 568 _A2, it is formed of a tubular member (566 _a) having a 568 _A3). The portion of the proximal portion 571 _A of the second element 170 is radially oriented in at least three sets to operatively engage the first element 160 and is radially oriented along the circumference, is formed of a tubular member (572 _a) having a _{(573 A1, 573 A2, 573} A3). The bore _{(568 A1, 568 A2, 568} A3) size is large enough to receive the I picture end of the screw bolt 582 and the bore _{(573 A1, 573 A2, 573} A3) size of the plurality of extension angles and extension of the Lt; _{RTI ID = 0.0} > 582A < / _RTI > The inner width of the inner bore 567 _A and the outer width of the tubular member 572 _A are large enough to allow the bores 568 _A1 , 568 _A2 , 568 _A3 to be in line with the bores 573 _A1 , 573 _A2 , 573 _A3 . Inner bore 567 _A receives tubular member 572 _A in a retracted configuration. The distal end (565 _A) comprises a third connecting means constituting a tubular member (566 _A), an internal bore (567 _A), and the bore _{(568 A1, 568 A2, 568} A3) (569 A). Adjacent portion 571 _A includes fourth connecting means 574 _A including tubular member 572 _A and bores 573 _A1 , 573 _A2 , 573 _A3 . The first and second elements (160 170) may be attached to one another by attaching the third and fourth connection means (569 _A, 574 _A).

In general, what has been mentioned in connection with the method of FIG. 4 applies to FIG. 5A. In step 412 of FIG. 4, the second element 170 is configured such that the proximal portion 571 _A is substantially adjacent the distal portion 565 _A and the axes C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ are substantially aligned and disposed, and is engaged with first element 160 by inserting into the distal portion (565 _a) adjacent the portion (571 _a) in the new placement.

Figure 5b is a perspective view of a third structure of the third and fourth connection means (569 _B, 574 _B). What is generally referred to in connection with Figs. 1-3 applies to Fig. 5b. The first part of the element 160, the distal end (565 _B) of the having a bore (567 _B) and a radially oriented and away from the bore _{(568 B1, 568 B2, 568} B3) at regular intervals along the circumference of the at least three sets of It is formed of a tubular member (566 _B). A second element a tubular member (572 _B) having an abutment portion (571 _B) portion is at least three sets of radially oriented and apart bores at regular intervals along the circumference _{(573 B1, 573 B2, 573} B3) of the 170 Respectively. At least three sets of detents 582 _B1 , 582 _B2 and 582 _B3 project through the bores 573 _B1 , 573 _B2 and 573 _B3 and are connected by spring devices (not shown) to operatively engage the first element 160 And is radially inclined toward the outside. The sizes of the bores 568 _B1 , 568 _B2 , and 568 _B3 are sized to receive the detents 582 _B1 , 582 _B2 , and 582 _B3 in any of a plurality of extended angles and extended lengths. External width of the inner width and tubular member (572 _B) of the bore (567 _B) is large enough to be in line with the bore _{(568 B1, 568 B2, 568} B3) a bore _{(573 B1, 573 B2, 573} B3) . Internal bore (567 _B) is subjected to a tubular member (572 _B) in the new placement. The distal end (565 _B) comprises a third connection means comprising a tubular member (566 _B), the internal bore (567 _B) and the bore _(B1 568, _B2 568, _B3 568) (569 _B). Adjacent portion (571 _B) has a fourth connecting means comprising a tubular member (572 _B), the bore _{(573 B1, 573 B2, 573} B3) and the detent _{(582 B1, 582 B2, 582} B3) (574 B) . The first and second elements 160, 170 are attachable to each other by attaching third and fourth connecting means 569 _B , 574 _B.

In general, reference to the method of Figure 4 applies to Figure 5b. In step 412 of Figure 4, the second element 170 is in substantially line substantially adjacent to each other and, the axis (C _1, C _2, C ₃₎ to the adjacent part (571 _B) to the distal end (565 _B) and disposed, and is engaged with first element 160 by inserting into the distal portion (565 _B) adjacent the portion (571 _B) in the new placement.

5C is a perspective view of a fourth structure of the third and fourth connecting means 569 _C and 574 _C. In general, what is referred to in Figures 1 - 3 applies to Figure 5c. The portion of the distal end 565 _C of the first element 160 is formed by a tubular member 566 _C having an inner bore 567 _C and a polygonal inner wall 568 _C (not shown). The second adjacent section of the section (571 _C) of the element (170) is formed of a tubular member (572 _C) has a polygonal outer wall (573 _C). The inner width of the inner bore 567 _C and the outer width of the tubular member 572 _C are such that the inner bore 567 _C can receive the tubular member 572 _C in the retracted configuration and the polygonal inner wall 568 _C can receive a plurality any one of the expansion angle and extension length of the polygon is larger enough to engage the outer wall (573 _C) in. The distal portion (565 _C) includes a tubular member (566 _C), the internal bore (567 _C) and a third connection means comprising a polygonal inner wall _{(568 C) (569 C)} . The proximal portion 571 _C includes a tubular member 572 _C and a fourth connecting means 574 _C comprising a polygonal outer wall 573 _C. The first and second elements 160, 170 can be attached to each other by attaching third and fourth connecting means 569 _C , 574 _C.

In general, what has been mentioned about the method of Figure 4 applies to Figure 5c. In step 412 of FIG. 4, the second element 170 is configured such that the proximal portion 571 _C is substantially adjacent the distal portion 565 _C and the axes C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ are substantially aligned And is engaged with the first element 160 by disposition.

Other structures of the third and fourth connecting means may be used including the shape of the body to be bored and pinned and hinged.

Alternative structures of portions of the first and second elements.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 1 - 3, at least a portion of the first and second elements 160,170 extend perpendicularly to each other. Alternatively, at least the distal end 165 of the first element 160 may extend at an angle of between 45 and 135 relative to the rotational axis of force B ₁ when attached to the tool 100. The first force transmission axis C ₁ can be made at a similar angle with respect to the rotational force axis B ₁ . Also, at least the distal end 175 of the second element 170 may extend substantially co-linearly with respect to the distal end 165 when attached to the first element 160. In another construction, at least the distal end 175 of the second element 170 may extend at an angle of at least 45 to 135 relative to the distal end 165 when attached to the first element 160. The second force transmission axis D ₁ can be made at a similar angle with respect to the first force transmission axis C ₁ .

This and alternative construction of the portions of the first and second elements 160, 170 may be achieved by the use of commercially available and customized reaction fixtures with or as part of the first and / or second elements 160, . Figure 6 shows such a commercially useful reaction fixture including splines, bores and nuts, bores and detents, polygons, bores and pins, hinged and other means of connection. Examples of some of these commercially available and customized reaction fixtures include dual reaction fixtures 602; A standard reaction arm 604; Elongated co-line reaction arms 606; A tubular reaction fixture 608; An elongated reaction arm 610; Reaction pad 612; A cylinder reaction arm 614; Turbine coupling reaction fixture 616; Three position reaction rollers 618; Cylinder reaction foot 620; And an extended reaction roller 622. Other commercially useful and custom-made reaction fixtures are present and may be suitable for use with portions of the first and second elements 160, 170.

An alternative embodiment of a reaction adapter.

In general, reference to Figs. 1-6 applies to Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 7 is a side view of the fastening or unfastening device 7 of the fastener. The device 7 comprises first and second receiving members 111, 711 rotatably supported thereon for receiving the first and second fasteners 131, 731; First and second devices for effecting rotation of each receiving member (i. E., At least a portion of the first and second torque-powered tools 100,700) to tighten or loosen the respective fasteners; And the operating parameters of each device (i. E., At least a portion of the torque output adjustment system 759) that enable rotation to maintain the difference in torque output level within a range of selected values or first and second torque outputs 127 < / RTI >

Generally, reaction adapter 750 includes first and second force transmission elements 160,770 that engage and attach to tool 100,700. The tool 100 generates a first rotational force 190 acting on the first rotational force axis B ₁ in one direction 192 during operation. The second tool 700 generates a second rotational force 790 acting around the second rotational force axis B ₄ in one direction 192 during operation. The first element 160 receives a first reaction rotational force 191 acting in the other direction 193 while operating when attached to the first tool 100. The second element 770 receives a second reaction rotational force 791 acting in the other direction 193 while operating when attached to the second tool 700. The first and second rotational forces 190 and 790 rotate the fasteners 131 and 731.

The first and second rotational forces 190,790 are substantially equal to each other in opposite directions relative to the first and second counter rotational rotational forces 191,791. This similarly occurs when the bolt load and the friction value of the fasteners 131 and 731 are similar to each other. The reaction adapter 150 receives the reaction rotational forces 191, 791 in the other direction 193, thus substantially nullifying them. The bit force and the fastener bending hip force are limited and when the reaction torque 191,791 is transmitted perpendicular to the rotational force axes B ₁ and B ₄ at the ideal wall pressure point P ₇ to the plane 140, none. Normal lateral load; Fastener bending, screw wear and bolt damage are reduced or ignored. Efficiency and productivity increase.

As described above, the tool 100 includes a housing 101 having two housing parts, a cylinder part 102, and a driving part 103. The cylinder piston means 104 is disposed in the cylinder portion 102 and includes a cylinder 105, a piston 106 reciprocally movable in the cylinder 105 along the piston axis A ₁ , and a piston 106 connected to the piston 106. [ And includes a rod 107. The pressurized hydraulic fluid is delivered from the hydraulic pump 135 via the fluid supply line 149 to the tool 100 via the conduit 119. A known lever-type ratchet device 108 is disposed in the drive portion 103 and is connected to and driven by the cylinder piston means 104 and includes a ratchet 109. The ratchet 109 is rotatable about a rotational force axis B ₄ perpendicular to the piston axes A ₁ , A ₂ . The ratchet 109 is connected to the driving element 110 receiving the first rotational force 190. The first rotational force 190 rotates the hex socket 111 attached to the driving element 110 to rotate the fastener 131.

The reaction support part 120 connected to the driving part 103 receives the first reaction rotational force 191. The reaction support 120 is formed of an annular polygonal body 121 having a plurality of external splines 123. The outer spline 123 extends radially outward from a central axis B ₂ which is located around the circumference of the annular main body 121 and which is coaxial with the first rotational force axis B ₁ .

The tool 700 includes a housing 701 having two housing parts, a cylinder part 702, and a driving part 703. The cylinder piston means 704 is disposed in the cylinder portion 702 and includes a cylinder 705, a piston 706 reciprocally movable in the cylinder 705 along the piston axis A ₂ and a piston 706 connected to the piston 706. [ And a rod 707. The pressurized hydraulic fluid is transferred from the hydraulic pump 135 via the fluid supply line 749 to the tool 700 via the conduit 719. A known lever-type ratchet device 708 is disposed in the drive portion 703 and connected to the cylinder piston means 704 to be driven thereby and includes a ratchet 709. The ratchet 709 is rotatable about a second rotational force axis B ₄ perpendicular to the piston axes A ₁ , A ₂ and parallel to the first rotational force axis B ₁ . The ratchet 709 is connected to a driving element 710 which receives a second rotational force 790 acting around the rotational force axis B ₄ . The second rotational force 790 rotates the hex socket 711 attached to the driving element 710 to rotate the fastener 731.

The reaction support portion 720 connected to the driving portion 703 receives the second reaction rotational force. The reaction support 720 is in the form of an annular polygonal body 721 having a plurality of external splines 723. The outer splines 723 extend radially outward from a central axis B ₅ which is located around the annular body 721 and coaxial with the second rotational force axis B ₄ .

The reaction adapter 750 includes a first force transmitting element 160 rotatable about a rotational axis of force B ₁ when engaged with the tool 100. The reaction adapter 150 is configured to rotate about at least the distal end 165 when engaged with the first element 160, extend and retract along it, or rotate about it and extend and contract And a force transmission element 770. The second force transmitting element 770 is rotatable about the rotational force axis B ₄ when engaged with the tool 700.

The first element 160 includes a proximal portion 161 formed of an annular polygonal body 162 having a plurality of internal splines 163 and a tubular member 162 having a plurality of internal splines 168 and internal bores 167 (Not shown). The second element 770 includes a proximal portion 771 formed by a tubular member 772 having a plurality of outer splines 773 and a distal portion 772 formed by an annular polygonal body 776 having a plurality of internal splines 777 775). 7, the first element 160 has a force transmission axis C ₁ that extends substantially perpendicularly thereto when attached to the tool 100 and is substantially perpendicular to the rotational force axis B ₁ I have. The second element 770 has a force transmission axis C ₁ that extends substantially perpendicularly thereto when attached to the tool 700 and is substantially perpendicular to the rotational force axis B ₂ . The first and second elements 160, 170 extend substantially co-linearly with the force transmission axis C ₁ when attached to each other.

The first element 160 is non-rotatably attached to the reaction support 120 in the first position and is held in place by the locking device 180. The first element 160 can be separately and individually engaged and attached to the tool 100 and the second element 770. The inner splines 163 are positioned around the inner periphery of the annular body 162 and extend radially inward toward the central axis B ₃ . The inner width of the annular main body 162 and the outer width of the annular main body 121 are such that the inner spline 163 can engage with the outer spline 123. The annular body 121 and the proximal portion 161 include first and second connecting means 124,164. The reaction support 120 and the first element 160 can be attached to each other by attaching the first and second connecting means 121,164. The axes B ₁ , B ₂ and B ₃ are coaxial when the first element 160 and the reaction support 120 are attached to each other and to the tool 100.

The second element 770 is non-rotatably attached to the first element 160 in the second position and is held in place by the locking device 780. The second element 770 can be engaged and attached to the first element 160 separately and independently. The inner splines 168 are positioned around the inner perimeter of the inner bore 167 and extend radially inward toward the central axis C ₂ . An outer spline 773 is disposed around the tubular member 772 and extends radially outwardly from a central axis C ₃ . The inner width of the inner bore 167 and the outer width of the tubular member 772 are sized so that the inner spline 168 can engage the outer spline 773. [ The inner bore 167 receives the tubular member 772 in the retracted configuration. The distal end 165 includes a tubular member 166, an inner bore 167 and a third connecting means 169 that constitute an inner spline 168. The abutting portion 771 includes a tubular member 772 and a fourth connecting means 774 constituting an external spline 773. [ The first and second elements 160, 170 can be attached to one another by attaching third and fourth connecting means 169, 774 which are in place by a locking device 181. When the tool 700 having the reaction support 120 and the tool 700 having the first element 160, the second element 170 and the reaction support 720 are attached to each other, the axes C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ , D ₁ ) are substantially co-axial and the axes (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ ) are substantially co-axial.

The second element 770 is non-rotatably attached to the reaction support 720 in the second position and is held in place by the locking device 780. The second element 770 may be separately and independently attached to the tool 700 in engagement. Internal splines (777) extends radially inwardly toward a central axis (B _6), be positioned around the inner circumference of the annular body (776). The inner width of the annular main body 776 and the outer width of the annular main body 721 are sized so that the inner spline 777 can engage with the outer spline 723. [ The annular body 721 and distal end 775 include fifth and sixth connecting means 724,779. The reaction support 720 and the second element 770 can be attached to each other by attaching the fifth and sixth connecting means 724,779. The axes B ₄ , B ₅ and B ₆ are coaxial when the second element 770 and the reaction support 720 are attached to each other and to the tool 700.

The operating parameter adjustment system 759 is external to the pump 735. However, all or part of the system 759 may be internal to the pump 735. The operating parameter adjustment system 759 adjusts the torque output of the tool 100,700. The torque output adjustment system 759 includes first and second switches 734 and 736 attached to the pressurized fluid supply lines 149 and 749 and the hydraulic pump 735. The switches 734 and 736 are operated by the control system 737. The control system controls the torque output levels 127,727 of the tool 100,700 to maintain the difference in torque output level within a range of selected torque difference values. The switches 734, 736 may be a push button, a rocker, a toggle, a rotary coded dip, a rotary dip, a key lock, a slide, a snap action or a reed switch; Pressure regulator, pressure regulator, air pressure regulator, air, reverse flow earth, ball, butterfly, check, control, diverter, drain, shut off, gas, gas pressure, globe, hydraulic regulator, Servo, slide, poppet or solenoid valve. When an electric motor is used, the switches 734 and 736 may include any of the electrical control switches described above.

The torque output adjustment system 759 may include such torque converters as the first and second ferromagnetic sensors 144,744. The ferromagnetic sensor 144, 744 includes couplers 145, 745 for coupling to the control system 737; A fixed Hall effect or similar magnetic field sensing unit 146,746; And ferromagnetic components 148,748 coupled to the tool 100,700. Other components known in the art are of course usable.

The ferromagnetic sensors 144,744 measure the torque output levels 127,727 of the tools 100,700. The first and second conduit pipes 151,751 deliver the first and second torque data signals 152,752 including the output torque levels 127,727 to the control system 737. [ Conduit 757 passes input data 758 from input device 739 to control system 737. The conduit 728 delivers the output data 729 to the output device 738. The conduit 755 communicates a power source 756 from the power supply 733 to the control system 737. The power supply 733 is any suitable power source (e.g., battery, solar cell, fuel cell, electrical wall socket, oscillator, motor, etc.). The input device 739 is any suitable device (e.g., a touch screen, keypad, mouse remote control, etc.). The driver inputs the selected torque difference value, input data 758, to the input device 739. [ The selected torque difference value 758 is communicated to control system 737 via conduit 757. The control system 737 transfers the output data 729 to the output device 738 via the conduit 728. [ The output data 729 may include a selected torque difference value 758 and / or a torque output level 127,727 from the tool 100,700. The output device 738 is any suitable device (e.g., a screen, a liquid crystal display, etc.). The control system 737 sends the switch control signals 154,754 to the switches 734,136 via the conduits 153,753.

The torque output adjustment system 759 may be a hydraulic or pneumatic fluid pressure or flow rate; Parameters of such electrical circuits, such as current, voltage or magnetic field; directly measured torque output; (E.g., torque signals 152,752) that include a torque command, torque command, or combinations thereof, and the like. These operating parameters include strain gauges; Rotary encoder; Torque sensor; clutch; Load cells; Or may be measured or sensed by various forms such as position, flow, force or pressure gauge, sensor or valve, and the like. It goes without saying that other components known in the art may be used. By way of example, the clutch may be loosely formed to maintain the difference in torque output level within a predetermined torque difference value 758. [

The device 7 is actuated by activating the pump 735 and the control system 737 to adjust the torque output levels 127,727. The difference in torque output levels 127,727 may exceed the selected torque difference value 758. [ The control system 737 then lowers the torque output level of the tool to a higher torque output level; Increasing the torque output level of the tool with a lower torque output; Or adjusting the torque output levels 127,727 of the tool 100,700 by raising and lowering the torque output level of the tool until the difference in the torque output level returns within the predetermined torque difference value range.

Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional view of a portion of Fig. 7; Fig. The tool 100, 700 is ready to rotate the fasteners 131, 731 threaded into the lugs 132, 732 to connect the plates of the flange. The reaction adapter 750 is attached to the tool 100,700 at the reaction force transmitting position to deliver the reaction rotational force 191,791 to the ideal peripheral wall pressure point P ₇ . The rotational force 190, 790 acting in the clockwise direction 192 rotates the hex socket 111, 711 in the fasteners 131, And the first and second elements 160 and 170 of the reaction adapter 750 receive the counteracting rotational forces 191 and 791 acting in a counterclockwise direction 193. This prevents the ratchet 109, 709 from being rotated inward relative to the fasteners 131, 731 that are rotated with the undesired torque.

The method of using the apparatus is such that the driver inputs a selected torque difference value 758 to the input device 739; Output device 738 displays the selected torque difference value 758; The operator operates the tool 100, 700; The control system 737 uses the ferromagnetic sensor 144,744 to measure the torque output value 127,727 and maintain the difference in the torque output value 127,727 within the range of the selected torque difference value 758 do. If the difference in torque output value 127,727 exceeds a predetermined torque difference value 758, control system 737 may lower the torque output level of the tool to a higher torque output level; Increase the torque output level of the tool with a lower torque output; Or the torque output level of the tool is lowered until the difference in the torque output level returns within a predetermined torque difference value 758. [

Described below is an alternative embodiment of the device 7. For ease of description, parts will be numbered even if referred to as plural.

A receptacle member generally known in the art as a socket receives at least a portion of the fastener. The receiving member has a shape corresponding to the shape of at least a part of the fastener. Once such a portion is received, it and the receiving member rotate rapidly with respect to each other. The form of the fastener may vary and the appropriately formed receiving member should be selected for use with the corresponding fastener. Therefore, the receiving member must be removably connected to the device for rotation so that it can be replaced with another receiving member.

The control device may include a clutch that is loosely formed to maintain a difference in torque output level or other operating parameters within a predetermined range of values. Devices that sense operating parameters can be in the form of angular or rotary encoders that signal the device to validate rotation. In use, each of the devices that enable rotation will continue to operate, slowly operate, stop, or speed up to adjust the difference in torque output level within a predetermined range of values. This clutch device selectively engages and disengages with the cylinder portion of the tool and the drive or other relevant portion. It may be necessary to have an actuator actuated by the pressure of the working medium which forces the clutch to engage so that the torque can be transferred from the drive shaft to the driven shaft. A control unit may be required to regulate the pressure of the working medium supplied to the actuator clutch and to stop the motor when the actuator clutch is released and a working medium source to supply the working medium to the actuator clutch.

Hydraulic or pneumatic fluid pressure or flow rate; Electrical circuit parameters such as current, voltage or magnetic field; A rotational speed of the apparatus for making the rotation of the housing member effective; Or combinations thereof, may be used to tune the device. If the difference in operating parameters exceeds a predetermined value, the controlling device lowers the operating parameters of the device to higher operating parameters; Increase operating parameters of the device with lower operating parameters; Or adjust the operating parameters of the device to enable rotation by raising and lowering the operating parameters of the device until the difference in the operating parameters returns within the selected value range.

It is of course also possible to use other adjustment methods, including manually turning or stopping the tool, or fixing or varying the frequency until the difference in operating parameters is returned within a predetermined value range.

In another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, a motor, current detecting means and rotational angle detecting means can be used. The current detecting means (for example, ammeter) senses the current flowing in the motor and the rotation angle detecting means (for example, a rotary encoder) detects the relative rotation angle of the device for enabling the rotation. The control device adjusts the device to enable the rotation to maintain the difference between the operating parameters within a predetermined value range.

The driver can manage the apparatus of the present invention with a device that controls the stewing or unscrewing of the fastener. The controlling device includes a microcomputer having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM and an I / O. The ROM of the microcomputer stores the control program to automatically maintain the difference in torque output or other operating parameters within a predetermined range of values. The steering device also includes a memory. The driver may incorporate in the memory hydraulic or pneumatic fluid pressure or such electrical circuit parameters such as flow rate, current, voltage or magnetic field, torque output, rotational speed, or combinations thereof; Or sets and stores a predetermined range of other parameters known in the art.

Generally, the parts and devices of the pilot apparatus can be connected to each other so as to be able to communicate with each other. The memory of the management system stores measurement results transmitted from the transmission means. Simultaneously tightening or loosening a plurality of fasteners; Testing multiple fasteners simultaneously; Determining a steady state of tightening or loosening of the fastener; Remembers the data on the tightening, unwinding and testing of the operation over the entire period of operation; And to determine the degree of wear of the part to be tested and tested, and so on.

Another embodiment of the device may include a reaction hub and / or a reaction adapter to open or close a plurality of fasteners.

Alternative embodiments of batch and positive reaction adapters.

The tool 100 may have first and second reaction adapters. In general, what is mentioned in connection with Figs. 1-8 applies to this example. A second reaction adapter, similar to the first reaction adapter 150, comprises a third force transmission element rotatable about the piston axis of the tool when engaged with the tool 100; And a fourth force transmission element rotatable about at least the distal end of the third element when engaged with the third element, extendable and retractable along and around it and extending and contracting along it.

An alternative form of tool that can use a reaction adapter.

Torque power tools are well known and include those powered by air pressure, electrically, hydraulically, manually or by other power by a torque multiplier. 9 shows a first portable torque power wrench (900 _A) and a second portable power torque wrench (900 _A) which is attached by a reaction adapter similar to 950 as the reaction adapter 750. The first wrench 900 _A has a housing 901 _A that houses a motor 902 _A driven by a torque multiplier pneumatically, electrically, hydraulically, manually or by other power means. The motor 902 _A rotates the driving element 910 _A to generate a rotational force 990 _A acting around the rotational force axis B ₉ in one direction 992 _A for rotating the corresponding fastener. Can be provided with a first wrench (900 _A) eda torque reinforcing means to increase the torque output to the motor (902 _A), the driving element (910 _A) in the (not shown). Torque reinforcing means may be formed of a planetary gear is placed in a housing (901 _A). It is generally mentioned in conjunction with the first wrench (900 _A) is applied to the second wrench (900 _B). What is generally referred to in connection with the reaction adapter 750 applies to the reaction adapter 950.

Still another embodiment.

10 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a tool 100 having a reaction adapter 1050, which is an alternative embodiment of the reaction adapter of the present invention. In general, all of the previously mentioned applies to FIG. The tool 100 can either open or loosen the fastener (not shown) during operation. The reaction adapter 1050 transfers the reaction force 191 to another fastener (not shown). A first force transmission element 1060 attachable to the reaction support 114; Having a second force transmitting element (1070) slidably attached to the first element (1060); And the second element 1070 has a receiving member 1011 capable of receiving another fastener.

The first element 1060 includes a polygonal body 1066 having a proximal portion 1061 formed of an annular polygonal body 1062 having a plurality of internal splines 1063 and a track plate 1067 of substantially T- Gt; 1065 < / RTI > The second element 1070 includes a proximal portion 1071 formed of a polygonal body 1072 having a substantially C-shaped track plate 1073 and a distal portion 1075 formed into a cylindrical body 1076. The first element 1060 has a first force transmission axis A ₅ that extends substantially co-linearly with it and is substantially collinear with the piston axis A ₁ when attached to the reaction support 114. The second element 1070 has a second force transmission axis E ₄ that extends substantially perpendicularly thereto when attached to the first element 1060 and perpendicular to the first force transmission axis A ₅ .

The first element 1060 is rotatably engaged with the reaction support 114 in a first position. The reaction support 114 is separated from the rotational force axis B ₁ and the reaction support 120. The first element 1060 can be non-rotatably attached to the reaction support 114 at various locations and is held in place by a locking device 1080 (not shown). The locking device 1080 may include a fixed link pin having a catch lever assembly or a snare ring, other well-known features such as a bore and a reaction clamp with a pin or spring attached thereto. The first element 1060 is separately and separately and engagingly attached to the tool 100. The inner splines 1063 are positioned around the inner periphery of the annular body 1062 and extend radially inward toward the central axis A ₂ . The inner width of the annular main body 1062 and the outer width of the annular main body 115 are sized so that the inner spline 1063 can engage with the outer spline 116. [ The annular body 115 and the proximal portion 1061 form part of an additional connecting means. The reaction support 114 and the first element 1060 are attachable to each other by attaching additional connecting means. The axes A ₁ , A ₂ and A ₅ have substantially the same axis when the first element 1060 and the reaction support 114 are attached to each other and to the tool 100.

The height of the reaction support 114 is such that the first element 1060 can slide along the reaction support 114 when engaged with the tool 100. In this variation, the height of the annular body 1062 is such that the height of the first element 1060 can extend and contract along the reaction support 114.

The second element 1070 is slidably attached to the first element 1060 in a second position and is held in place by a locking device 1081 (not shown). The locking device 1081 includes a fixed link pin with a catch lever assembly or snap ring, as well as other known shapes such as a bore and a reaction clamp with a pin or spring. Additionally, a set of screws may be used to hold the first element 1060 in place. The second element 1070 may be separately and independently attached to the first element 1060 in an engaging manner. The T-shaped track plate 1067 and C-shaped track plate 1073 are complementary and large enough so that they can engage to form a T & C connector that they can slide. It goes without saying that other types of connectors may be used.

The hex socket and reaction adapter 1050 are disassembled from tool 100. During operation, the tool 100 rotates the fastener and the reaction adapter 1050 delivers the reaction force 191 to the other fasteners at the peripheral wall pressure point. The distal portion 1075 extends downward substantially perpendicular to the first element 1060 and receives another fastener. The cylindrical body 1076 rests against the wall pressure point on the wall of another fastener because the rotational force 190 rotates the hex socket on the fastener. This prevents the ratchet from being rotated inward relative to the fastener. Therefore, the fastener is rotated by the hex socket with the required torque.

The driver 110 may rotate the fastener engaging means 111 depending on the fastener to be rotated. The driver 110 includes an Allen key; A corrugated or impact socket driver; Hex Reducer; Square drive adapter; Or any other suitable structure or configuration. Similarly, the receiving member 1077 may be round, square, hexagonal, or any other suitable structure or shape, depending on the fasteners that absorb the reaction force 191. [ The receiving member 1077 may wrap, fit, or abut other fasteners. The housing member 1077 may wrap, fit, or abut other structures to achieve an ideal circumferential pressure point. Another housing member 1077 may be a proximal portion, a polygon or otherwise a socket, Allen key or other type of fastener engaging means. The tool 100 and the reaction adapter 1050 may include a tool configuration for installing an operator handle.

Generally, what has been mentioned about the method of Fig. 4 applies to Fig. In step 412 of Figure 4 the second element 1070 is arranged such that the abutting portion 1071 is substantially adjacent to the distal end 1065 and the T-shaped track plate 1067 and the C-shaped track plate 1073 are aligned in a straight line And is engaged with the first element 1060 by forming a T &

The tool 100 is ready to rotate the fastener about the rotational force axis B ₁ by the rotational force 190 in one direction 192. In step 414 of Figure 4 the tool 100 is placed in a position to receive the other fastener by causing the second element 1070 to slide along the distal end 1065 with an extension length corresponding to the proximity of the other fastener . In step 416 of FIG. 4, the second element 1070 is attached to the first element 1060 in a second position by actuating the locking device 1081. The reaction adapter 1050 is now in the reaction force prior position. In a step not shown in Fig. 4, the socket 111 is attached to the drive element and the tool 100 is placed in the fastener to be rotated.

Advantageously, the first element 1060 can be separately and independently attached to the tool 100, and the second element 1070 can be separately and individually and independently attached to the first element 1060, As shown in Fig. The portability of the tool 100 is maximum and the weight of the tool 100 is minimized. A commercially available reaction fixture may be used with the first and second elements 1060, 1070, or a partial replacement thereof, rather than a customized reaction fixture. Therefore, the price can be saved and the safety can be improved. The reaction adapter 1050 can be adjusted to minimize the bit force and fastener bending force to prevent the tool 100 from being dislodged from the work area and to prevent work failure. The reaction adapter 1050 is adjacent to, or wrapped or interlocked with, an actual fastener or stop at an ideal peripheral wall pressure point when engaged with the tool 100. The reaction adapter 1050 transfers the reaction force 191 to an ideal peripheral wall pressure point while being actuated when attached to the tool 100. The operator no longer needs several tools in the workplace with reaction fixtures oriented in different directions to adjoin the actual stop for each application. The driver no longer has to completely disassemble the tool 100 for each application and does not have to right the reaction adapter 1050 nor need to reassemble the tool 100. [

11 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a tool 1100 with a reaction adapter 1150 as an alternative embodiment of the inventive tool and reaction adapter. The tool 1100 may be a limited-pitch hydraulic torque multiplier and / or a tensioning tool. In general, the above is applied to Fig.

The tool 1100 tightens or loosens fasteners (not shown) like allen bolts during operation. The driver 1110 rotates the other fastener engaging means 1111 according to the fastener to be rotated. The driver is Allen; A corrugated or impact socket driver; Hex Reducer; Square drive adapter; Or any other suitable structure or configuration.

The reaction adapter 1150 transfers the reaction force 1191 to another fastener (not shown). A first force transmission element 1160 attachable to the reaction support 1114; And a second force transmitting element 1170 slidably attachable to the first element 1160. The second element 1170 has a receiving member 1177 that receives another fastener.

The first element 1160 includes a proximal portion 1161 formed of a polygonal body 1162 having a recessed or removed portion 1163 and a distal end portion 1165 formed of a polygonal body 1166. Track plate 1167, which is substantially T-shaped, moves along a first element 1160 that wraps most of abutting portion 1161 and the entirety of end portion 1166. The second element 1170 includes a proximal portion 1171 formed by a polygonal body 1172 having a substantially C shaped track plate 1173 and a distal portion formed by a polygonal or cylindrical body 1176 with a receiving member 1177 (1175). The first element 1160 extends to the length of the reaction support 1114 when attached to the tool 1100. In this example, the first element 1160 extends from the reaction support 1114 so that it extends at an angle of 135 ° to the reaction support 1114. The housing member 1177 is substantially coplanar with the driver 1110. The first element 1160 has a first force transmission axis that extends at an angle of 45 ° -180 ° to the reaction support 114 and follows itself. The second element 1170 has a second force transmission axis that extends perpendicularly thereto when attached to the first element 1160 and perpendicular to the first force transmission axis.

The first element 1160 is attached to the reaction support 1114 in a first position. The reaction support 1114 is away from the rotational force axis. The first element 1160 can be attached to the reaction support 1114 at many user selected positions and is held in place by a locking device 1180 (not shown). The locking device 1180 includes such known configurations as a fixed link pin with a bore and a reaction clamp with a pin or spring attached thereto, a catch lever assembly or a snap ring. In addition, a set of screws may be used to hold the first element 1160 in place. The first element 1160 can be separately and independently attached to the tool 100 in engagement. The recess 1163 receives a portion of the reaction support 1114, both of which are part of the additional connection means. The reaction support 1114 and the first element 1160 are attachable to each other by attaching additional connecting means. The first element 1160 can slide along the reaction support 1114 depending on the length of the first element 1160 and the angle and length of the recess 1163 when engaged with the tool 100. [

The second element 1170 is slidably attached to the first element 1160 in the second position. The second element 1170 can be separately and separately and interlockingly attached to the first element 1160. The T-shaped track plate 1167 and the C-shaped track plate 1173 are sized to be mutually compensating and of a size such that they can form a T & C connector that can slide together. It goes without saying that other types of connectors may be used.

The receiving member 1177 may be round, square, hexagonal or any other suitable structure or shape depending on the other fasteners that absorb the reaction force. The receiving member 1177 can wrap, engage, or abut other fasteners. The housing member 1177 may wrap, engage, or abut other structures to achieve an ideal circumferential pressure point. Also, the receiving member 1177 can be an abutment, polygon or otherwise a socket, Allen key or other form of fastener engaging means. The tool 1100 and the reaction adapter 1150 may include a tool configuration for mounting an operator handle.

Advantageously, the first element 1160 can be separately and independently attached to the tool 1100, and the second element 1170 can be separately and individually and independently attached to the first element 1160, As shown in Fig. The portability of the tool 1100 is maximized and the weight of the tool 1100 is minimized. A commercially useful reaction fixture may be used with the first and second elements 1160, 1170, or a partial replacement thereof, rather than a customized reaction fixture. Therefore, the price can be saved and the safety can be improved. The reaction adapter 1150 can be adjusted to minimize the bit force and fastener bending force so as to prevent the tool 1100 from being dislodged from the work area and to prevent work failure. The reaction adapter 1150 is adjacent, opposed, or engageable with an actual fastener or stop at an ideal peripheral wall pressure point when engaged with the tool 1100. The reaction adapter 1150 transfers the reaction force 1191 to an ideal peripheral wall pressure point while being actuated when attached to the tool 1100. The operator no longer needs several tools in the workplace with reaction fixtures oriented in different directions to adjoin the actual stop for each application. The driver no longer has to completely disassemble the tool 1100 for each application and does not have to right the reaction adapter 1150 nor need to reassemble the tool 1100. [

Combinations and variations of all embodiments and modes.

Combinations and variations of all embodiments and modes mentioned with reference to Figures 1 - 11 are useful. By way of example, one combined with a deformation, the tool (900 _A) and a similar tool react adapter (750 and / or 950) and a similar first reacting the second reaction adapter similar to the adapter and the reaction adapter 850, the reaction support ( 114 by affixing the tool 100 to the tool 100. Example By way of, other combinations and variations, the tool (900 _A) and similar to the first and second tools and similar to the third and fourth tool similar to the tool 100 is reacted adapter (750 and / or 950) of claim 1, Second, third and fourth reaction adapters. In addition, fifth and sixth tools similar to the tool 100 are attached to the third and fourth tools by fifth and sixth reaction adapters similar to the reaction adapter at the reaction support of the tool. In such combinations and variations, various types of tools may be used with a plurality of reaction adapters and hubs. In additional combinations and variations, a plurality of force transmission elements may be used by reaction adapters and reaction hubs similar to reaction adapters 150, 350, 750, 950, 1050, 1150 and by tools similar to tools 100, 900. Indeed, a combination of complex and sophisticated tools, reaction adapters and force transfer elements, etc. can be used when a need arises. 7 and 8 are applicable to such combinations and variations of all embodiments and modes.

Other information.

The reaction adapters, tools, and other force-transferring components of the present invention may be made from such suitable materials as aluminum, steel, or other alloys, including gold, alloys, or non-metals. The tool of the present invention is 1/2 in. With a load bolt size of 8 inches; Having a drive size of 1/2 "to 8 inches, a hex size of 1/2" to 8 ", a torque output of 100ft.lbs. To 40,000ft.lbs .; a torque of 10,000 lbs. To 1,500,000 lbs. Bolt rod, and an operating pressure of 1,500 psi to 10,000 psi. The tool of the present invention can include tension, torque-tension and torque machines and can be pneumatically, electrically, hydraulically, manually driven Or other powered devices. The size of the reaction adapter of the present invention is 3in.x1in.x2.5in. To 24in.x8in.x24in., And the weight is 3lbs. To 500lbs. The size of the tool of the invention is 6in.x2in.x5in. To 23in.x12in.x14in. And the weight is 3lbs. To 500lbs. The size and characteristics of the reaction adapter and tool of the present invention are varied.

The reaction adapter and apparatus of the present invention may also be used with other types of fasteners including screws, studs, bolts, combinations of studs and nuts, combinations of bolts and nuts, Allen bolts, and any other structure and form of fasteners known in the art have. Also, the fastener may have a coplanar or grooved engagement means that protrudes from its end face, and may be formed of a cap, disk, cup, tool engagement means, pit, and other rotatable structures of various sizes and configurations have.

conclusion.

A reaction adapter for pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, and manually driven torque-powered tools, tools with the adapter, and methods of using them are described. In one example, the fastening or unfastening device for the fastener is a receiving member rotatably supported on the fastening and unfastening device to receive the fastener; An apparatus for effecting rotation of the receiving member to tighten or release the fastener; And a device for transmitting the reaction force while tightening and loosening the fastener. A first force transmitting element that can be rotatably attached about a rotational axis of the apparatus to effect rotation; And a second force transmission element rotatably attached to at least the distal end of the first element, attached and stretched and retracted therefrom, or rotatably attached thereto and attached thereto in extension and retraction.

In the second example, the device for tightening or unfastening the fastener is a receiving member rotatably supported on the fastening and unfastening device to receive the fastener; An apparatus for effecting rotation of the receiving member to tighten or release the fastener; And a device for transmitting the reaction force while tightening and loosening the fastener. The device for transferring the reaction force comprises: a first force transmission element attachable to the reaction support of the device for tightening or loosening; A second force transmission element slidably attachable to the first element; And the first and second adjacently adjustable elements against the stationary deliver reaction force during operation.

In a third example, the apparatus for fastening or unfastening the fastener is a receiving member rotatably supported by the fastening and unfastening apparatus to receive the fastener; An apparatus for effecting rotation of the receiving member to tighten or release the fastener; And a device for transmitting the reaction force while tightening and loosening the fastener. A device for transferring the reaction force comprises: a first force transmission element attachable to a reaction support of the device for effecting rotation; Attachable to and rotatable on at least a portion of the first element; It is capable of stretching and contracting along with it; It can slide in it; It is rotatable and extendable and retractable; It is rotatable and slidable in it; Or a second force transmission element that is elongated and contractible and slidable therefrom.

In a fourth example, the apparatus for fastening or unfastening a fastener includes first and second receiving members rotatably supported by a fastening and unfastening device to receive the first and second fasteners; First and second devices for enabling rotation of each receiving member to tighten or loosen the respective fasteners; And an apparatus for controlling operating parameters of the apparatus for validating rotation to maintain a difference between operating parameters within a predetermined range of values.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention by modifying or combining them.

100: tool 101: housing
102: cylinder part 103:
105: cylinder 106: piston
107: piston rod 109: ratchet
114,120: reaction support 123,173: outer spline
131: fastener 150: reaction adapter
163,168: Internal spline 165:
171: adjacent portion 180, 181: locking device
190,191: Rotational force

Claims (28)

As a device for tightening or loosening a fastener,
First and second receiving members rotatably supported by a device for tightening or unscrewing the fastener to receive the first and second fasteners;
First and second devices for effecting rotation of respective receiving members to tighten or unfasten respective fasteners, the first and second devices being each embodied as a first and a second torque power tool, - driven;
A control device for controlling the respective operating parameters of said first and second devices for enabling rotation to maintain a difference between operating parameters within a range of predetermined values, Fluid pressure or flow rate of air; Electrical circuit parameters including current, voltage or magnetic field; Torque output value; Rotational speed; Or combinations thereof;
During operation, when the difference in the operating parameter exceeds the predetermined value, the control device continues to operate the device with a higher operating parameter until the difference in the operating parameter returns within the range of the predetermined value. Adjust the operating parameters of each device to enable the rotation by lowering the operating parameters, raising the operating parameters of the device to lower operating parameters, or raising and lowering the operating parameters of each device,
The first and second devices for effecting rotation are connected, the connecting device comprising: a first force transmission element rotatably attached about a rotational axis of the first device for enabling rotation; And a second force transmission element rotatably attached about a rotational axis of the second device for effecting rotation, and the second force transmission element is rotatably attached to at least the distal end of the first force transmission element Characterized in that the fastening means is attached or stretchable and retractable, or is rotatably attached to at least the distal end of the first force transmission element, so as to be stretchable and retractable. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the control device comprises a device for sensing operating parameters. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the operating parameter is a torque output and, during operation, when the difference in torque output exceeds a predetermined value, the control device
Lowering the torque output of the device to a higher torque output, raising the torque output of the device to a lower torque output, or increasing the torque output of each device until the difference in torque output returns within a predetermined range of values And adjusting the torque output of each of the devices for effecting rotation by lowering. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein said first and second devices for effecting rotation simultaneously tighten or loosen the fasteners. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the first and second reaction rotational forces of said first and second devices for effecting rotation are negligible. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 15. < / RTI > 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
And a device for controlling the tightening or unfastening of the fastener including the device for causing communication between the control device and the first and second devices for enabling rotation. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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