KR101741597B1 - Arc analysis processing system of switchboard using uhf antenna and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Arc analysis processing system of switchboard using uhf antenna and processing method thereof Download PDF

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KR101741597B1
KR101741597B1 KR1020150135917A KR20150135917A KR101741597B1 KR 101741597 B1 KR101741597 B1 KR 101741597B1 KR 1020150135917 A KR1020150135917 A KR 1020150135917A KR 20150135917 A KR20150135917 A KR 20150135917A KR 101741597 B1 KR101741597 B1 KR 101741597B1
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arc
antenna
electromagnetic wave
detected
uhf
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KR1020150135917A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20170036567A (en
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김영일
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지투파워 (주)
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
    • G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
    • G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

A UHF antenna capable of detecting the occurrence of an arc by analyzing a detected arc signal and detecting an arc position using the detected arc signal analysis. And an arc signal analysis processing system and method thereof.
In order to solve the above problems, an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an electric distribution board using a UHF antenna according to the present invention is a method for detecting an arc by detecting an electromagnetic wave received by one or a plurality of UHF antennas Detecting step; A filtering step of removing impulse noise from the electromagnetic waves respectively detected in the electromagnetic wave detecting step; A statistical analysis step of calculating the electromagnetic wave as a property or a parameter set face using statistical analysis for each of the electromagnetic waves whose impulse noise has been removed through the filtering step; Detecting a similarity point; An arrival time difference detection step of detecting arrival time differences of electromagnetic waves received from the plurality of UHF antennas; And an arc generation position tracking step of tracking an arc generation position using the detected arrival time difference.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an arc signal analysis processing system for a switchboard using a UHF antenna, and a processing method therefor. [0002] ARC ANALYSIS PROCESSING SYSTEM OF SWITCHBOARD USING UHF ANTENNA AND PROCESSING METHOD THEREOF [

The present invention relates to an arc signal analysis processing system and method for processing an arc signal of an ASSEMBLY using an UHF antenna, and more particularly, to an arc signal analysis processing system using an UHF antenna, And an arc signal analyzing processing system using the UHF antenna capable of tracking an arc position using the detected arc signal analysis.

An arc occurs when electricity passes through a space, when electricity flows through a damaged insulation path using ambient dust, debris, and moisture as a conduction medium, or when electricity is leaked from a high voltage transmission line, It is generated when the signal is generated.

When such an arc is generated, the fault current is induced due to the high temperature of the fault current, which causes a lot of damage to the power system. The magnitude of the arc fault current is limited by the resistance of the arc and the impedance to the grounding ears. That is, a low level of fault current is not enough to trip an overcurrent device installed near the arc fault instantaneously, resulting in amplification of the arc fault, and the amplified arc enhances the damage of the power system.

At this time, arc failure is classified into transient failure (temporary failure), semi permanent failure and permanent failure in consideration of the duration time.

The arc caused by the transient failure and the semi-permanent failure is only a few seconds long and the damage to the power grid is small. The arc generated in such a short time is recovered by disconnecting the fault from the system using a circuit breaker, erasing the fault, and then reclosing the circuit breaker.

On the other hand, permanent failures can last for more than a few seconds, causing significant damage to the power system equipment. In the case of a permanent failure, it takes a considerable amount of time for the electricity supply to be made after the automatic re-closing is attempted.

On the other hand, as a technique for detecting an arc in a distribution board, a switchboard, a motor control panel, and a distribution board having an arc and corona discharge monitoring diagnosis function by electromagnetic wave and ultraviolet ray detection are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-1232739.

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave measuring apparatus for measuring the wavelength of an ultraviolet ray emitted from a power generating apparatus in an electric power distribution system, A reference radio wave generator for generating a reference signal at a predetermined radio wave intensity with respect to an intermediate frequency of the frequency band to which the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal measured by the electromagnetic wave detecting unit belongs and the intermediate frequency; The control unit controls the reference propagation generating unit to generate the reference signal, receives the generated reference signal, and determines whether or not the reception intensity of the received reference signal is out of the allowable range, And determines whether or not the image A collecting unit collecting the frequency of the measured electromagnetic wave signal and collecting the wavelength of the ultraviolet ray measured by the ultraviolet ray detecting unit; and a diagnosing unit diagnosing the discharge mode by analyzing the measurement data collected by the collecting unit It is a technical feature.

However, the above-described technique has a disadvantage in that it is not easy to detect electromagnetic waves due to an arc due to reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves caused by arcs generated in the distribution board, which may cause malfunction of the distribution board due to errors of the reception antennas.

KR 10-1231739 B1 (February 03, 2013)

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for detecting an electromagnetic wave caused by an arc, And the position of the arc is tracked by analyzing the detected electromagnetic wave signal.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an arc signal analysis processing system of an electric distribution panel using a UHF antenna according to the present invention is installed inside a switchboard, and is installed adjacent to a distribution line. One or a plurality of UHF antenna; And removing the impulse noise from the electromagnetic wave received from the UHF antenna by a low-pass filter, and using the selected one of an arithmetic mean, a standard deviation, an automatic correlation coefficient, and a dispersion for the electromagnetic wave from which the impulse noise is removed, Wherein the UHF antenna comprises a plurality of UHF antennas, and wherein the UHF antenna comprises a plurality of UHF antennas, the plurality of UHF antennas having a plurality of UHF antennas, And an electromagnetic wave detecting device for tracking the UHF antenna, wherein the UHF antenna comprises: Connection lines respectively connected to both ends of the element; A diode for correcting an electromagnetic wave developed across the loop on at least one of the connection lines; A connector to which the connection line is connected; An insulating plate on which the connector is installed; And a reflection plate installed perpendicularly to the insulation plate.

The electromagnetic wave detecting apparatus includes a screen display unit for displaying a current time and a state for each channel received from the UHF antenna, a lamp display unit for displaying a communication state, a front face and a UHF antenna connection terminal constituting an operation switch unit for setting a function control, An MMI connection terminal, an alarm output terminal, an MMI ID selector, and a power connection terminal.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for analyzing an arc signal of an A / B board using a UHF antenna, comprising the steps of: detecting an electromagnetic wave received by one or more UHF antennas installed adjacent to a distribution line, ; A filtering step of removing impulse noise from the electromagnetic waves respectively detected in the electromagnetic wave detecting step; A statistical analysis step of calculating the electromagnetic wave as a property or a parameter set face using statistical analysis for each of the electromagnetic waves whose impulse noise has been removed through the filtering step; Detecting a similarity point; An arrival time difference detection step of detecting arrival time differences of the electromagnetic waves received from the one or more UHF antennas; And an arc generation position tracking step of tracking an arc generation position using the detected arrival time difference.

Here, the statistical analysis performed in the statistical analysis step is characterized by using one selected from among arithmetic mean, standard deviation, automatic correlation coefficient, and variance.

In the similarity detection step, the similarity detection step detects the similarity of the electromagnetic waves using the delay time according to the detection time of the electromagnetic waves.

According to the present invention, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the arc generating source is received through the UHF antenna and the received electromagnetic wave is analyzed to eliminate the distortion of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, it is possible to prevent malfunction due to distorted electromagnetic waves due to refraction and reflection There are advantages.

Further, since arc detection can be performed in a state in which the power line is not in contact with the distribution line, it is easy to install and minimizes the interference to the power equipment constituted in the distribution board, so that the function of the distribution board can be performed.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for detecting electromagnetic waves generated by an arc in an inside of a switchboard in an arc signal analysis processing system of an ASSB using a UHF antenna according to the present invention. FIG.
2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a UHF antenna in an arc signal analysis processing system of an ASSB using a UHF antenna according to the present invention.
3 is a diagram showing a front (a) and a rear (b) configuration of an electromagnetic wave detecting apparatus in an arc signal analysis processing system of an electric distribution panel using a UHF antenna according to the present invention.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of analyzing an arc signal of an ASSEMBLY using a UHF antenna according to the present invention.
5 is a block diagram of an evaluation system for evaluating an arc signal analysis processing system and a method of an arc panel using the UHF antenna according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an arc signal analysis system for an A / V board using a UHF antenna according to the present invention and an arc generation circuit of an evaluation test for evaluating the method.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a waveform of a signal detected by an antenna in an evaluation test for evaluating an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of a switchboard using a UHF antenna according to the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a graph of an arc signal analysis processing system of a switchboard using a UHF antenna according to the present invention and a graph calculated by automatic correlation coefficient in the method. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a graph of an arc signal analysis processing system using an UHF antenna according to the present invention and a cross-correlation applied electromagnetic wave in the method.
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an embodiment for detecting the position of an arc in an arc signal analysis processing system of a switchboard using a UHF antenna according to the present invention and its method. FIG.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A UHF antenna capable of detecting the occurrence of an arc by analyzing a detected arc signal and detecting an arc position using the detected arc signal analysis. And an arc signal analysis processing system and method thereof.

Prior to the detailed description of the present invention, the arc generated in the transmission system will be described.

The most frequently occurring faults in the power system are single phase ground faults, accounting for 90% of the total faults. At this time, the air becomes the main insulating medium of the working wire.

The path along the single-phase ground fault includes an arc filling a part of the insulation gap, and avalanche ionization occurs first when an arc occurs.

The nonlinear current due to arc generation is generated in the ultra low frequency (VLF) band to the ultra high frequency (UHF) band.

That is, it is possible to detect the arc occurrence by detecting the frequency accompanying the arc.

The frequency (hereinafter referred to as "electromagnetic wave") accompanied by the occurrence of an arc causes path loss during the process. In addition, electromagnetic waves are transmitted through refraction, reflection, transmission, and diffraction.

1 is a block diagram for detecting an electromagnetic wave generated by an arc in an inside of an ASSEMBLY in an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an ASSEMBLY using an UHF antenna according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an electric distribution panel using a UHF antenna according to the present invention includes a UHF antenna 20 installed inside an electric distribution board 10, (30) and a PC (40).

The switchboard (10) has a body (11) having a plurality of divided spaces and a door at one side or both sides thereof, a breakdown section automatic switch provided in the upper space of the body (11) A transformer 12 formed in the front space, a circuit breaker 13 for interrupting the power supply, a circuit breaker provided in the front space, a power fuse formed in the rear upper portion, and a transformer 14 for a meter formed at the lower part thereof.

The inside of the body 11 may be partitioned into partition walls having a predetermined thickness so as to divide the high pressure side and the low pressure side. The wall constituting the body 11 may be partitioned by a high sound absorption heat insulating material so as to reduce noise . Connected to the input terminal of the fault section automatic switch through an insulative connecting member formed on the upper portion of the body 11 from an inlet formed in the front lower side of the body 11 and a fixing member. A connecting cable is installed on the output-side terminal of the automatic breaker of the fault section so as to apply high-voltage electricity to the high-voltage side of the transformer 12 through the lightning arrester, the current-like power fuse and the transformer 14 for meters.

In the configuration of the switchboard 10, the UHF antenna 20 is installed inside the switchboard 10, and the position of the UHF antenna 20 can be set close to an electric power equipment in which an arc is frequently generated. At this time, there are transformer 13, breaker 13, etc., which may frequently generate an arc, and an arc may be generated at a point where a power device and a distribution line are connected.

Accordingly, the UHF antenna 20 can be installed close to the power device.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a UHF antenna in an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an ASSEMBLY using an UUHF antenna according to the present invention.

2, a UHF antenna 20 includes an element 21 having a loop formed at the center thereof, a connection line 22 connected to both ends of the element 21, at least one connection A diode 23 for correcting electromagnetic waves developed across the loop on the line 21, a connector 24 to which the connection line 22 is connected, an insulation plate 25 on which the connector 24 is installed, And a reflector 26 vertically installed on the reflector 25.

The element 21 may be configured as a one-turn loop. The one-turn loop can provide mechanical stability of the UHF antenna and can prevent low-frequency interference. Also, in the case of a line extending in the loop, the length extended according to the diameter of the loop is configured to have a quarter wavelength.

Both ends of the element 21 are connected to the connector 24 by a connection line 22 and a diode 23 is connected to at least one connection line 22.

The diode 23 corrects an electromagnetic wave that is developed across the loop in the process of receiving the electromagnetic wave due to the arc generation.

Arc generation accompanies electromagnetic waves, and electromagnetic waves form electromagnetic fields. These electromagnetic fields are received as electromagnetic waves (RF) through the UHF antenna 20.

Two electric fields develop when the electromagnetic wave power by the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the UHF antenna 20. One is associated with stored energy as an induction (or near field), and the other is a radiating field.

The magnitude of this electric field is proportional to the amount of electromagnetic waves delivered to the UHF antenna. At this time, the radiations are divided into three regions divided into reactive near-field, near-radiation field and far field.

The reactive near-field is an area close to the antenna where the electric field E and the magnetic field H are not orthogonal to each other, which distorts the radiation pattern whatever is in this area and coupled with the antenna. The antenna gain at the reactive near-field is not a significant parameter.

The radiation near field (transition region or Fresnel region) is the region between the reactive near field and the far field. The antenna gain at the radiation near field varies with distance.

The far field (Fraunhofer region) is defined as an area where the angular field distribution is fundamentally independent of the distance from the antenna, and the antenna gain has a constant value depending on the distance.

The electromagnetic wave detecting device 30 receives the electromagnetic wave detected by the UHF antenna 20, analyzes the received electromagnetic wave to determine whether the electromagnetic wave is an arc generated by the arc, And the like.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the front (a) and rear (b) configurations of an electromagnetic wave detecting apparatus in an arc detecting method using an arc signal analyzing process of a switchboard using a UHF antenna according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30 includes a screen display unit 31 for displaying the current time and the status of each channel received from the UHF antenna 20, a lamp display unit 32, and an operation switch unit 33 for setting function control.

The screen display unit 31 displays the current time, displays the connection state according to the operation signal of the operation switch, or displays the alarm state according to the determination result of the electromagnetic wave detected by the UHF antenna 20.

The lamp display unit 32 includes an MMI communication lamp for displaying a communication state in connection with an MMI (Main and Machine Interface), and a warning lamp for each channel for outputting a warning signal for an electromagnetic wave detected by each UHF antenna 20 .

The operation switch unit 33 may be composed of five operation switches such as ADJ, REPORT, UP, DOWN and ENTER.

The ADJ switch is a switch for manipulating the current time, the period setting, and the number of occurrences, and is used in parallel with the UP and DOWN switches.

For example, when the ADJ switch is sequentially selected (pressed), the year, month, day, and time of the current time are flickered and selected, and the time adjustment is performed by operating the UP and DOWN switches at the selected position . At this time, the time can be configured to be set up to the second unit.

In addition, the ADJ switch is configured to control the period for detecting electromagnetic waves in the UHF antenna 20 and the minimum detection number for generating the alarm and the number of occurrences for counting.

Here, the ENTER switch is a switch for storing the set value.

The REPORT switch is a switch for displaying the stored alarm condition for the detected electromagnetic wave through the screen display unit 31. The REPORT switch can be configured as a LIFO (LAST IN FIRST OUT) have.

3, an antenna connection terminal 34, an MMI connection terminal 35, an alarm output terminal 36, an MMI ID selector 37, and a power connection terminal (not shown) are connected to the rear surface of the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30 38), and the like.

The antenna connection terminal 34 is connected to the connector 24 of the UHF antenna 20, and the connection is made through a cable (not shown in the figure). If the cable connection is successful, the lamp is lit on the corresponding channel of the lamp display part 32.

The MMI connection terminal 34 is for connection with the MMI and is connected to a parent device such as the PC 40. [ Likewise, the MMI communication lamp lights when connected to the MMI device.

The alarm output terminal 36 is a terminal for outputting a dangerous situation when the detected electromagnetic wave is determined as an electromagnetic wave due to an arc generation. The terminal has a LIGHT ALARM connection terminal connected to a light-guiding lamp, and a SIREN ALARM And a connection terminal. At this time, it is configured to operate a lightening lamp for a slight arc occurrence, and to generate a warning sound for an arc occurrence at a dangerous level. Or to generate a warning lamp and a warning sound at the same time as a dangerous level of arc generation.

The MMI selector 37 selects an ID for distinguishing and recognizing the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30 in the MMI, and connects the plurality of electromagnetic wave detecting devices 30 to one MMI to analyze the arc signal for each of the electromagnetic wave detecting devices 30 And generates an identification code for detection.

As a result, the MMI can collectively manage a plurality of switchboards.

The power connection terminal 38 is a connection terminal for applying power to the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30. [

In the above configuration, each of the connection terminal and the connection terminal is constituted by a cable having a connector so as to be connectable with the device for smooth communication with the external device. For example, the MMI connection terminal 36 may be configured as a connection terminal according to the RS-485 communication protocol in order to perform communication with the MMI.

The PC 40 is one of the MMIs and stores and manages data transmitted from the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30. [ According to the design conditions, the PC 40 can be configured to change the setting of the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30. When the electromagnetic wave detecting device 30 outputs a dangerous situation, As shown in FIG.

4 is a flowchart of a method of analyzing an arc signal of an ASSEMBLY using a UHF antenna according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an ASSEMBLY using an UHF antenna according to the present invention includes an electromagnetic wave detection step S10, a filtering step S20, a statistical analysis step S30, (S40), an arrival time difference detection step (S50), and an arc generation position tracking step (S60).

1. Electromagnetic wave detection step (S10)

The electromagnetic wave detection step S10 is a step of detecting electromagnetic waves received by one or a plurality of antennas provided inside the switchboard adjacent to the distribution line.

The antenna may be a UHF antenna 20, and an antenna capable of receiving electromagnetic waves is sufficient. For example, in addition to the UHF antenna described above, it may be configured as a Marconi antenna or a Hertz antenna. The antenna may be configured in various ways, such as a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna, a loop antenna, a patch antenna, a slot antenna, and a helical antenna, depending on the type of the antenna.

2. Filtering (S20)

The filtering step S20 is a step of removing impulse noise from the electromagnetic waves respectively detected in the electromagnetic wave detecting step.

The electromagnetic waves detected by the antenna are detected together with the impulsive noise.

The impulse noise refers to a noise formed by an irregular energy spike having an irregular amplitude and an irregular spectrum. The harmonic component belongs here, and the harmonic component can be removed through a low pass filter (LPF).

3. Statistical analysis step (S30)

The statistical analysis step S30 is a step of displaying the electromagnetic waves on the surface of the attribute or parameter set using the statistical analysis for each of the electromagnetic waves whose impulse noise has been removed through the filtering step.

The statistical analysis step S30 is a process for comparing the electromagnetic waves detected by one or more antennas and using the electromagnetic waves as data for judging the validity of electromagnetic waves.

The statistical analysis can be performed by calculating the value at which the data is concentrated, and this central concentration tendency can be used to measure the average.

For example, the statistical analysis may be performed through arithmetic mean, standard deviation, autocorrelation coefficient, and variance.

At this time, the parameter to be used can be calculated using data, that is, a value in which the electromagnetic wave signal is concentrated. All measurements of signal concentration tendency are used to estimate the mean.

4. Similarity detection step (S40)

The similarity detection step S40 is a step of detecting similarities in the respective electromagnetic waves through the statistical analysis step.

It is necessary to consider the time difference between the arrival time (delay time) of the electromagnetic wave detected from each of the plurality of antennas, that is, the time at which the electromagnetic wave is detected at another antenna after the time at which the electromagnetic wave is detected at the first antenna. This is because the delay time of electromagnetic waves can be utilized as data that can be used to verify the similarity of electromagnetic waves due to arcing at the time of arcing, or to track the position of arcing through the distance measuring method.

The delay time setting can be detected by the cross correlation method, and the similarity of two electromagnetic waves can be detected by the interpolation method.

At this time, the electromagnetic waves detected by the antenna in which the two electromagnetic wave signals (x i , x j ) are separated from each other through the delay time (tau) can be expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).

Equation 1)

x i = S (t) + n i (t)

Equation 2)

x j =? S (t - t ji ) + n j (t)

Here, x i and x j are electromagnetic wave signals detected by different antennas, S (t) is a source signal according to arc generation, α is a decay rate, n i (t) and n j The zero mean value and t ji are the delay times between the respective antennas that received the signal.

Using the cross-correlation method to detect the similarity of two signals using the direct cross-correlation method using Equation 1 and Equation 2, the following Equation 3 is obtained.

Equation 3)

r xixj (?) = E [x i (t) x j (t +?)]

Here, r xixj is the cross-correlation value, τ is the delay time, E is the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave, and t is the reception time.

In the case of i = 1, 2 and j = 1, 2 in Equation 3, the cross-correlation value indicates the shift (movement) of the electromagnetic wave signal (x i , x j ).

Accordingly, when each of the detected electromagnetic waves having similarity to the UHF antenna considering the time delay has a similarity, it can be determined that an arc is generated. On the other hand, if there is no similarity between the detected electromagnetic waves in consideration of the time delay, it can be judged that no arc occurs.

5. Arrival time difference detection step (S50)

The arrival time difference detection step S50 is a step of detecting an arrival time difference of the electromagnetic waves received from the plurality of UHF antennas.

The arrival time difference means a time difference in which an arc signal is detected in the first UHF antenna and an arc signal is detected in the second to fourth UHF antennas.

That is, the time of detecting an arc in a UHF antenna that detects an arc for the first time among a plurality of UHF antennas is set as a reference time. Then, the time of detecting the arc in the remaining UHF antennas becomes the delay time for the set reference time.

6. Arcing occurrence position tracking step (S60)

The arc generation position tracking step (S60) is a step of tracking the arc generation position using the detected arrival time difference.

A general expression for detecting the position can be expressed by the following equation (4).

Equation 4)

C 2 (t q -τ) 2 = (x s -w q ) 2 + (y s -y q ) 2 + (z s -z q ) 2

Where C is the speed of the electromagnetic wave (3 × 10 5 km / s), tq is the initial arc detection time, τ is the delay time, and (x s , y s , z s ) is the position of the antenna, (x q , y q , z q ) represents the position of the arc generation.

The distance between the antenna and the arc generating position through Equation (4) can be simply expressed by the following Equation (5).

Equation 5)

Ctnm = dn - dm

Where C is the speed of the electromagnetic wave (3 x 10 5 km / s), t is the arrival time, n is the antenna 1, and m is the antenna 2 to 4.

That is, when n = 1 and m = 2, t12 is a time difference in which an arc is detected in antenna 2 after detecting an arc in antenna 1.

Tests were conducted to evaluate the arc signal analysis processing and arc detection method of the switchboard using the UHF antenna according to the present invention.

The evaluation test was conducted eight times while varying the direction of the antenna (horizontal and vertical). That is, a test for detecting the optimum installation condition of the antenna was performed while testing the antenna with different directions and angles. At this time, the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave due to the arc generation was adjusted in the same manner.

5 is a configuration diagram of an evaluation test for evaluating an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an ASSB using the UHF antenna according to the present invention.

The configuration according to the evaluation may include an arc generating source 10, four antennas 20 spaced from the arc generating source 10, a frequency detecting device 30, and a PC 40.

Evaluation test.

1. Arc Source Configuration

6 is a view showing an arc generating circuit of an arc signal analysis processing system of an electric distribution panel using a UHF antenna according to the present invention and an evaluation generating test circuit for evaluating the method.

6, an arc source is connected to a power source S to form an open loop having a resistance R and a gap G, and a capacitor C is connected in parallel to the gap G .

The power source S used was configured to apply a 2 kV alternating voltage, and the gap G was formed to be 0.25 mm. The capacitance of the capacitor C was 5 x 10 < -9 > F and the resistance (R) was 5 x 10 < 6 > At this time, the ground height of the gap (G) was 26.5 cm, which is lower than the flame height (26.7 cm) due to the arc generation.

In the above configuration, the charging time of the capacitor is calculated by multiplying the resistance by the capacitor, and the charging time is 0.25s with reference to the configured resistor and the capacitor.

Thus, when the power supply 11 is applied to the circuit, the resistor R acts as a charging resistor with the charging current i c (t), and when the capacitor C is fully charged, And performs a circuit protection function while the capacitor (C) discharges. Also, the capacitor C is discharged after 0.25s, and an arc is generated in the gap G by discharging to induce the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

2. Antenna installation

The antenna has the UHF antenna 20 described above.

At this time, the UHF antennas 20 are arranged at a plurality of positions spaced from the gap G of the arc generating sources by a predetermined distance. The minimum number of antennas required to detect the occurrence of an arc is one. However, in order to judge the validity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the cross correlation, at least two or more are required, and in consideration of the position detection, three or more than the antenna for detecting the reference time should be installed.

At this time, as the test is performed indoors, the same condition as the enclosure condition of the switchboard is satisfied. That is, when an arc is generated in the inside of the switchboard to induce electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves including direct electromagnetic waves and distortions such as reflections and reflections caused by walls constituting the body 11 of the switchboard can be detected have. For example, the electromagnetic wave generated by the arc can be detected by the antenna by the reflected wave reflected by the wall. At this time, when the distance from the arc generating source to the wall surface is set to 1 m, the point of time when the reflected wave is detected is detected after 6.67 ns.

Accordingly, a signal in which no interference due to the reflected signal is detected can be considered as an effective signal.

In addition, when the arc detection method of the present invention is applied to an actual situation, distortion frequencies such as refraction, transmission and diffraction as well as distortion frequency due to reflection can be considered.

3. Electromagnetic wave detection

The frequency detecting device 30 performs filtering to remove noise by receiving each electromagnetic wave detected by the antenna, and analyzes the filtered electromagnetic wave to generate a warning or the like.

The filtering includes an analog filter for receiving the electromagnetic wave induced by the generated arc and for removing the noise signal from the received electromagnetic wave. The analog filter removes noise from the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the UHF antenna through analog low-pass filtering.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a waveform of a signal detected by an antenna in an evaluation system for evaluating an arc signal analysis processing system of a distribution panel using the UHF antenna according to the present invention and a method thereof.

Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown a graph of an electromagnetic wave that is tested with a different distance between an arc source (gap) and an antenna, and an orientation angle of the antenna, and is detected according to a test.

7A is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance between the arc generating source 10 and the antenna at the same distance (42 cm), the orientation angles of the antennas being set at 45 degrees, (Test 1). At this time, since the distance between the arc generating source 10 and the antenna is the same, the condition that the delay time of the electromagnetic wave detected by the antenna is 0 is satisfied.

Fig. 7 (b) shows a state in which the distance between the arc generating source 10 and the antenna is different from each other, and the orientation angle [beta] of the antenna is set at 45 [deg.]. (Test 2) of the detected electromagnetic waves.

7C is a diagram showing a state in which the distance between the arc generating source 10 and the antenna is different from each other, the x-axis coordinates of the antenna are the same, and the orientation angles of the antennas are all set to 45 degrees , And the measurement is a graph of electromagnetic waves (Test 3) conducted in two directions, horizontal and vertical.

7D, the y-axis co-ordinates of the antennas are arranged at different distances from the arc generating source 10 and the antennas, and the orientation angles? Of the antennas are all set to 0 占, And the measurement is a graph of the electromagnetic waves detected in two directions, horizontal and vertical (test 4).

7 (a), the detected time is the same because the distance between the arc generating source 10 and the antenna is the same, while FIGS. 7 (b) to 7 (d) The delay time is different.

Referring to FIG. 7, although the time difference between the data displayed in the graph is not remarkably displayed, the detection result is performed in a narrow space of the indoor space so that the distance between the arc generator and the antenna is short, And the sampling time showing the detection result is short.

The electromagnetic waves detected in the above are filtered through a low frequency filter, and the values of the filtered electromagnetic waves are subjected to statistical analysis.

The statistical analysis is analyzed using one selected from among arithmetic mean, standard deviation, automatic correlation coefficient, and variance.

The arithmetic mean is given by Equation 6 below.

Equation 6)

Figure 112015093544117-pat00001

here,

Figure 112015093544117-pat00002
Is the arithmetic mean, n is the number of detected electromagnetic waves, and x i is the absolute value of the detected electromagnetic wave.

Table 1 below is a table that defines the antennas 21, 22, 23, and 24 as A1 to A4 and calculates an arithmetic average value of the electromagnetic waves detected by the respective antennas.

H (horizontal) A1 A2 A3 A4 Test 2 0.0516 0.0632 0.0534 0.0912 Test 3 0.0884 0.0619 0.0632 0.0260 Test 4 0.0199 0.0369 0.0136 0.0036 V (vertical) Test 2 0.0934 0.0796 0.0220 0.0856 Test 3 0.0098 0.0319 0.0335 0.0517 Test 4 0.0193 0.0435 0.0558 0.0091

Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the electromagnetic wave detected at the antenna at the horizontal position is emphasized more than the electromagnetic wave detected at the antenna at the vertical position. This result implies that the detection effect is increased by installing the antenna in the horizontal direction.

Table 2 shows the standard deviation values for the electromagnetic waves detected by the antennas A1 to A4.

H (horizontal) A1 A2 A3 A4 Test 2 0.4212 0.4357 0.4161 0.4305 Test 3 0.5422 0.4326 0.4321 0.3438 Test 4 0.7620 0.0840 0.2660 0.1806 V (vertical) Test 2 0.5615 0.4427 0.3219 0.4726 Test 3 0.3306 0.2981 0.3806 0.3043 Test 4 0.4732 0.2599 0.3548 0.1778

The standard deviation is a measure of the deviation of the sample from the mean.

Looking at the value of the standard deviation, the antenna position has a considerable influence on the signal detection process.

Table 3 shows the dispersion values for the electromagnetic waves detected by the antennas A1 to A4.

H (horizontal) A1 A2 A3 A4 Test 2 0.1774 0.1899 0.1731 0.1853 Test 3 0.2940 0.1871 0.1867 0.1182 Test 4 0.5807 0.1951 0.0707 0.0326 V (vertical) Test 2 0.3153 0.1960 0.1036 0.2233 Test 3 0.1093 0.0889 0.1448 0.0926 Test 4 0.2239 0.0676 0.1259 0.0316

The variance is an average of the squares of the standard deviations, and the corresponding calculated values follow the values calculated by the standard deviation.

Table 4 is a table showing the automatic correlation coefficient values for the electromagnetic waves detected by the antennas A1 to A4.

H (horizontal) A1 A2 A3 A4 Test 2 1,000 -0.0134 -0.0585 -0.2065 Test 3 1,000 0.3591 0.3550 0.1498 Test 4 1,000 0.1917 0.0669 0.1059 V (vertical) Test 2 1,000 0.1196 -0.2923 0.0171 Test 3 1,000 0.1891 0.3003 0.1057 Test 4 1,000 -0.1486 -0.1706 -0.1441

The autocorrelation coefficients measure the correlation between samples that are at different distances. These coefficients may provide insight into the likelihood model for generating data, where the autocorrelation coefficients are similar to the normal correlation coefficients. That is, assuming N pairs of samples in two variables x and y, the correlation coefficient is expressed by the following equation (5).

Equation 7)

Figure 112015093544117-pat00003

Where r is the correlation coefficient,

Figure 112015093544117-pat00004
X and y are coordinates and i = 1, 2, 3, 4 (antennas A1, A2, A3, A4).

FIG. 8 is a graph of the arc signal analysis processing system of the switchboard using the UHF antenna according to the present invention, and a graph calculated by the automatic correlation coefficient in the method.

Referring to FIG. 8, the electromagnetic waves detected by the antenna are correlated with each other, so that the electromagnetic waves detected by the respective antennas can be determined as valid data according to the arc generation.

Next, the similarity to the detected electromagnetic wave is detected.

Similarity detection should take into account the delay time detected between the antennas. That is, since the distances between the arc generating source and the plurality of antennas are different from each other, the time for detecting the electromagnetic waves generated by the arc generating source is different from each other, and the similarity of the electromagnetic waves considering the arrival time of the electromagnetic waves must be detected.

In other words, if the waveform of the electromagnetic wave detected in accordance with the same time zone has similarity, it can be determined that an arc has been generated.

9 is a graph of electromagnetic waves using cross-correlation in an arc detection method using an arc signal analysis process of an ASSB using a UHF antenna according to the present invention.

9 (a) is an electromagnetic wave graph to which cross-correlation is applied to FIG. 7 (c), and FIG. 9 (b) is an electromagnetic wave graph to which cross-correlation is applied to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the electromagnetic wave graphs aligned at the same time have similarity, and thus it can be determined that the detection of arc generation has been made.

Meanwhile, the delay time can also be used as data for predicting the position of the arc generating source.

For example, the electromagnetic wave is detected at the first antenna, the second time t2 at which the electromagnetic wave is detected at the second antenna, the third time t3 at which the electromagnetic wave is detected at the third antenna, The distance d from the second to fourth antennas to the arc generation source is expressed by the following equation (8). &Quot; (8) " At this time, the detection time of the antenna (first antenna) which receives the electromagnetic wave for the first time is used as the reference time.

Equation 8)

d i = c x t i

Where d i is the distance between the arc source and the second antenna to the fourth antenna, c is the velocity of the electromagnetic wave (3 × 10 8 m / s), and t i (i = 2, 3, 4) (S) in which the electromagnetic waves are detected in the second to fourth antennas after the electromagnetic waves are detected in the first to fourth antennas.

10 is a diagram of an arc signal analysis processing system using an UHF antenna according to the present invention and an embodiment of detecting an arc position in the method.

Referring to FIG. 10, when the distance d2, d3, and d4 is calculated using Equation 8, since the position values of the second through fourth antennas are known, (d2, d3 and d4) are calculated, and one point at which the calculated circles cross each other is an arc generation source.

In addition to the above methods, a method of tracking a position using a satellite positioning system and a method using an approach angle can be used.

According to the present invention, since the arc can be detected without physically coupling the electromagnetic wave radiated from the arc generating source to the power distribution line through the wireless antenna, it is possible to detect a wide range of arc and track an arc position.

In addition, since the arc detection can be performed separately from the transmission system, it is possible to simplify the configuration according to the installation, not only the installation cost is low, but also the advantage that the error is not provided to the transmission system have.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

10: distribution board 11: body
12: Transformer 13: Circuit breaker
14: Instrument transformer
20: UHF antenna 21: element
22: connection line 23: diode
24: connector 25: insulating plate
27: Reflector
30: electromagnetic wave detecting device 31:
32: lamp display section 33: operation switch section
34: Antenna connection terminal 35: MMI connection terminal
36: Alarm output terminal 37: MMI selector
38: Power connection terminal
40: PC
S: Power supply R: Resistance
C: Capacitor G: Gap

Claims (5)

One or a plurality of UHF antennas installed inside the switchboard and installed adjacent to the distribution lines for receiving electromagnetic waves in response to an arc; And
The UHF antenna removes the impulse noise from the electromagnetic wave received from the UHF antenna by a low-pass filter, and calculates a parameter set of the parameter set using one of an arithmetic mean, a standard deviation, an automatic correlation coefficient, And when the UHF antennas are constituted by a plurality of UHF antennas, an arcing position is calculated using the arrival time difference of each electromagnetic wave received by each of the UHF antennas, An electromagnetic wave detecting device for tracking;
And,
In the UHF antenna,
An element 21 having a loop formed at the center thereof;
A connection line 22 connected to both ends of the element 21;
A diode (23) for calibrating electromagnetic waves developed across the loop on at least one connection line among the connection lines;
A connector 24 to which the connection line 22 is connected;
An insulating plate 25 on which the connector 24 is installed; And
A reflection plate 26 vertically installed on the insulation plate 25;
And,
The electromagnetic wave detecting device includes:
A front face on which the current time and the state of each channel received from the UHF antenna are displayed, a lamp display unit 32 for displaying a communication state, and an operation switch unit 33 for setting a function control; And
A rear surface composed of a UHF antenna connection terminal 34, an MMI connection terminal 35, an alarm output terminal 36, an MMI ID selector 37, and a power connection terminal 38;
And the arc signal analysis processing system of the switchboard using the UHF antenna.
delete The method according to claim 1,
The operation switch unit (33)
An ADJ switch for manipulating the current time, the period setting and the number of occurrences;
ENTER switch to store the set value; And
A REPORT switch for displaying a stored alarm condition for the detected electromagnetic wave through the screen display unit 31;
And the arc signal analysis processing system of the switchboard using the UHF antenna.
The method according to claim 1,
The arrival time difference may be,
A time when an arc is detected in a UHF antenna that first detected an arc among a plurality of the UHF antennas is set as a reference time and a time when an arc is detected in the remaining UHF antenna is set as a delay time with respect to the set reference time, Wherein an arc signal is detected at the antenna and then an arc signal is detected at the second to fourth UHF antennas.

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