KR101741587B1 - A method for measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery - Google Patents
A method for measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- KR101741587B1 KR101741587B1 KR1020150148362A KR20150148362A KR101741587B1 KR 101741587 B1 KR101741587 B1 KR 101741587B1 KR 1020150148362 A KR1020150148362 A KR 1020150148362A KR 20150148362 A KR20150148362 A KR 20150148362A KR 101741587 B1 KR101741587 B1 KR 101741587B1
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- secondary battery
- series resistance
- charging
- remaining capacity
- discharging
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- G01R31/3662—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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- G01R31/3624—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a measuring method for measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery, wherein the measuring method is a method for measuring an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery, which varies according to a state of charge of the secondary battery, Measuring the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery while charging the secondary battery with a constant current or discharging the constant current, charging the secondary battery by a constant current charging or a constant current discharging, And calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery using the obtained open-circuit voltage and the measured terminal voltage.
Description
The present invention relates to a measuring method for measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery which can be used semi-permanently by charging electricity using a current supplied from an external power source.
International Conference on Power Electronics (ICPE), pp. 177-178, 1998. [0008] The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, 1173-1178, 2007), a pulse current was conventionally applied to a secondary battery to determine the series resistance of the secondary battery. However, when the pulse current is applied to the secondary battery to obtain the series resistance of the secondary battery, if the width of the pulse increases, the magnitude of the series resistance measured under the same condition increases and the pulse width decreases. Since the size of the series resistance decreases, it is difficult to select an appropriate pulse width.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of measuring the series resistance of a secondary battery which overcomes the problems of the conventional pulse method and improves the accuracy.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery, the method comprising: measuring an open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery according to a state of charge of the secondary battery, circuit voltage of the secondary battery, charging the secondary battery with a constant current or discharging the constant current, discharging the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery while discharging the constant current or constant current of the secondary battery, And calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery using the obtained open-circuit voltage and the measured terminal voltage.
In one embodiment, the step of calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery may include calculating the first series resistance from the first open-circuit voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity and the first terminal voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity Calculating a second series resistance from a second open-circuit voltage corresponding to a second remaining capacity different from the first remaining capacity and a second terminal voltage corresponding to the second remaining capacity, and a second series resistance corresponding to the first series resistance and the second series resistance, And calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery using an average value of the second series resistance.
In one embodiment, the terminal voltage of the secondary battery is measured and recorded for each unit time, and the step of calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery includes calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery by comparing the terminal voltage measured at the specific remaining capacity, Calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery corresponding to different remaining capacitances by using an open-circuit voltage, and calculating a representative series resistance of the secondary battery using an average value of the series resistances calculated.
In one embodiment, the step of charging or discharging the secondary cell by a constant current may include charging or discharging the secondary battery at every reference time to prevent the deterioration of the secondary battery due to charging or discharging of the secondary battery. And the discharge is stopped for a predetermined time.
In one embodiment, when charging or discharging is stopped for each reference time, terminal voltage measurement of the secondary battery is also stopped.
In one embodiment, the step of calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery is a step of calculating based on the following formula (1).
[Equation 1]
(i: remaining capacity of the secondary battery)
In the method of measuring the remaining capacity of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method may further include a step of measuring the open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery varying according to the state of charge of the secondary battery, circuit voltage, generating a profile for performing a charging / discharging function for the secondary battery based on the obtained open-circuit voltage, calculating a charging current of the secondary battery based on the generated profile, Performing a constant current charging while maintaining the first current value, recording the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery per unit time while charging the secondary battery with a constant current, Stopping charging and discharging of the secondary battery during a rest period based on the generated profile when the remaining capacity of the battery is charged to the reference capacity; Performing a constant current discharge while maintaining a discharging current of the secondary battery at a second current value based on the generated profile, discharging the secondary battery at a constant current, And recording the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the capacity and calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery by comparing the obtained open-circuit voltage and the recorded terminal voltage every unit time do.
In the method of measuring the remaining capacity of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method may further include a step of measuring the open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery varying according to the state of charge of the secondary battery, circuit voltage of the secondary battery, charging the secondary battery with a constant current, recording the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery while charging the secondary battery with a constant current, And calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery using the open-circuit voltage and the recorded terminal voltage, wherein the step of charging the secondary battery with the constant current includes charging the secondary battery with the measured terminal voltage The constant current charging is stopped for a predetermined period of time at each reference time in order to prevent deterioration caused by the constant current charging.
In the method of measuring the remaining capacity of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method may further include a step of measuring the open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery varying according to the state of charge of the secondary battery, circuit voltage; recording the terminal voltage of the secondary battery in accordance with the remaining capacity of the secondary battery while discharging the constant current of the secondary battery; Calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery using the open-circuit voltage and the recorded terminal voltage, wherein the step of discharging the secondary battery comprises: discharging the secondary battery to the measured terminal voltage; The constant current discharge is stopped for a predetermined period of time at each reference time in order to prevent the deterioration by the constant current discharge.
According to the present invention, since the series resistance of the secondary battery is measured using the method of charging and / or discharging the secondary battery with the constant current, the problem of the conventional method of measuring the series resistance according to the pulse width is solved , Series resistance is measured with high accuracy because it is close to the direct current situation.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a measuring method for measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery according to an embodiment disclosed herein
2 is an exemplary diagram of a constant current profile for measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing data obtained by applying the constant current profile of FIG. 2 to a lithium ion battery
4 is an exemplary diagram showing a charging profile for stopping charging at every reference period during constant current charging;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing data obtained by applying the charging profile of FIG. 4 to a lithium ion battery
6 is a view for explaining a result of a virtual experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate identical or similar elements, and redundant description thereof will be omitted. The suffix "module" and " part "for the components used in the following description are given or mixed in consideration of ease of specification, and do not have their own meaning or role. In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description of related arts will be omitted when it is determined that the gist of the embodiments disclosed herein may be blurred. In addition, it should be noted that the attached drawings are only for easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, and should not be construed as limiting the technical idea disclosed in the present specification by the attached drawings.
1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery according to an embodiment disclosed herein.
Here, the secondary battery refers to a battery which can be used semi-permanently in such a manner that the electric current supplied from the external power source charges the electricity generated in the process of causing the oxidation / reduction reaction of the material between the anode and the cathode. The secondary battery is composed of four core materials such as a separator, a cathode material, an anode material, and an electrolyte. There is a disadvantage in that primary batteries (rechargeable batteries), which are used once and then discarded, are not reusable and costly to recharge or recycle batteries, while rechargeable batteries have the advantage that they can be charged many times. In addition, secondary batteries are the core materials for electric vehicles as well as electronic devices carrying notebook computers, mobile phones, and camcorders, and are considered to be the "three major electronic components" of the 21st century along with semiconductors and displays due to their high added value. In particular, rechargeable batteries have surpassed the $ 20 billion global market by 2011, and the size of the rechargeable battery market is expected to grow further in line with the growth of the electric vehicle market and the growth of the rechargeable battery market.
Secondary batteries are widely used in various fields throughout the world, and the importance of managing and controlling various information of secondary batteries is emphasized for optimal use of secondary batteries. In particular, the series resistance of the secondary battery is an excellent indicator of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery, the degree of aging, and the maximum output power.
However, there is no standardized method for measuring the series resistance of a secondary battery. The method of measuring the series resistance of the secondary battery has not been standardized to date, and the conventional methods measure the series resistance by applying a pulse current. However, if the width of the pulse increases, the magnitude of the series resistance measured under the same condition increases, and if the width of the pulse decreases, the magnitude of the series resistance measured under the same condition decreases.
In order to solve such a problem, a method of measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes obtaining an open circuit voltage (OCV) of a secondary battery.
The open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery means a voltage appearing at both ends of the open point of the open circuit, and means a voltage between the terminals in a state in which no current flows in the load of the secondary battery. The open-circuit voltage varies depending on the state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery.
Here, the capacity of the secondary battery is represented by a current amount [Ah] capable of fully discharging the battery for one hour, and the remaining capacity (state of charge) is represented by the present charge remaining amount [%] . Typical methods for measuring residual capacity include discharge test, ampere-hour counting, meserement of electrolytes phisical properties, open circuit voltage, and measurement using kalman filter.
On the other hand, the open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery can be calculated by an internally installed program or can be obtained from the manufacturer of the secondary battery. More specifically, an open-circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) corresponding to the remaining capacity is obtained by using a program installed in the system, or the open-circuit voltage data table (SOC-OCV) of the secondary battery is supplied from a server provided by the manufacturer of the two- Lt; / RTI >
For example, the open-circuit voltage according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery can be calculated using the Dualfoil program. The Dualfoil program is a Fortran program that calculates the characteristics of a battery based on seven coupled nonlinear differential equations representing chemical properties using specific parameters of components of a battery.
For another example, an open-circuit voltage according to the remaining capacity may be input from the user.
On the other hand, the open-circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) corresponding to the obtained remaining capacity is stored in the memory.
Although not shown in the drawing, a method of measuring a series resistance of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: determining a profile for performing a charge / discharge function for the secondary battery based on an open- Can be generated. The profile includes a charging current value for constant current charging of the secondary battery, a maximum charging capacity (for example, charging to the remaining capacity of 95 Pro), a discharging current value for constant current discharging, a minimum discharging capacity (for example, (For example, discharging to the remaining capacity), and a pause time (for example, 30 minutes) for stopping the charging when the charging is completed up to the maximum charging capacity, and the basic standard Means a set.
When the profile is generated, charging or discharging of the secondary battery is performed based on the generated profile (S130). For example, when a constant current profile is generated as shown in FIG. 2, charging and discharging are performed to measure the series resistance of the secondary battery according to the generated profile. When the remaining capacity reaches the maximum charge capacity by charging, the charge and / or discharge is stopped during the rest time. Likewise, when the remaining capacity reaches the minimum discharge capacity by discharging, charging and / or discharging is stopped during the rest time. This is to prevent generation of deterioration due to charging and / or discharging.
At this time, the charging of the secondary battery is performed by constant current charging, and the discharge of the secondary battery is constituted by the constant current discharge. Charging is performed while maintaining the charging current at a constant value based on the charging current value included in the profile, or discharging is performed while maintaining the discharging current at a constant value based on the discharging current value.
The step of measuring the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery proceeds while discharging the secondary battery with constant current charging or constant current (S150). The terminal voltage of the secondary battery is measured every unit time and recorded in the memory. For example, the terminal voltage of the secondary battery corresponding to the remaining capacity can be measured in units of one second or one minute. For another example, the reference period can be measured and recorded in the memory. At this time, the reference period may be regular or irregular.
Thereby, the open-circuit voltage data table corresponding to the remaining capacity and the terminal voltage data table corresponding to the remaining capacity as shown in Fig. 3 can be stored in the memory.
Next, the series resistance of the secondary battery is calculated using the obtained open-circuit voltage and the measured terminal voltage (S170). More specifically, the series resistance of the secondary battery corresponding to different remaining capacitances is calculated using the terminal voltage measured at the specific remaining capacity and the open-circuit voltage at the specific remaining capacity, and the average value of the series resistances calculated is used The representative series resistance of the secondary battery can be calculated. The series resistance of the secondary battery can be calculated based on the following equation (1).
Here, i means a specific remaining capacity of the secondary battery. i may be any integer ranging from 0 to 100. Since the representative series resistance is calculated using the average value, the more accurate the terminal voltage is measured at various remaining capacities, the more accurate the series resistance can be calculated.
That is, the first series resistance is calculated from the first open-circuit voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity and the first terminal voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity, and a second series resistance corresponding to the second remaining capacity The second series resistance can be calculated from the second terminal voltage corresponding to the voltage and the second remaining capacity. The series resistance of the secondary battery can be calculated using the average value of the first series resistance and the second series resistance.
The above-described series resistance measuring method of a secondary battery is characterized in that a series resistance measuring system of a secondary battery having a charge discharging portion for charging or discharging a secondary battery and a terminal voltage measuring portion for measuring a terminal voltage of the secondary battery .
Meanwhile, in the method of measuring the series resistance of the secondary battery according to the present invention, charging or discharging may be stopped for a predetermined time at each reference time in order to prevent deterioration due to temperature rise during constant current charging / discharging. That is, the charging current or the discharging current may not be supplied to the secondary battery every reference time in order to prevent an error in the terminal voltage of the secondary battery due to the temperature rise.
4 is an exemplary diagram showing a charge profile for stopping charging at every reference period during constant current charging. As shown in Fig. 4, a profile can be generated so as not to supply current at a constant time. Charging and / or discharging are performed by this profile, and when the charging and / or discharging is stopped every reference time, the terminal voltage measurement of the secondary battery is also stopped.
FIG. 5 is a graph reflecting data obtained by applying the charging profile of FIG. 4 to a lithium ion battery. It can be confirmed that the charging and / or discharging is interrupted at every reference time, and the terminal voltage measured thereby is discontinuously measured. As a result, the series resistance of the secondary battery can be calculated more accurately.
6 is a diagram for explaining a result of a virtual experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the results of the virtual experiment performed through the battery simulation platform, the result of the claimed method can be expected to be lower than the competition method. That is, it can be confirmed that the constant current charging / discharging method according to the present invention is much more accurate than the pulse type method.
In the world, secondary batteries are widely used in various fields, and the importance of managing and controlling various information of batteries is emphasized for optimum use of batteries. At this time, the serial resistance of the battery is an excellent indicator of the remaining capacity of the battery, the degree of aging, and the maximum output power. However, there is no standardized measurement method, and conventional pulse measurement methods have limitations in pulse width selection. However, according to the measuring method of the present invention, it is possible to overcome the existing limit by using the constant current charge / discharge, and to calculate the series resistance having the improved accuracy.
According to the embodiment disclosed herein, the above-described method can be implemented as a code that can be read by a processor on a medium on which the program is recorded. Examples of the medium that can be read by the processor include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage, etc., and may be implemented in the form of a carrier wave (e.g., transmission over the Internet) .
The mobile terminal described above can be applied to not only the configuration and method of the embodiments described above but also all or some of the embodiments may be selectively combined so that various modifications may be made to the embodiments It is possible.
Claims (7)
Charging or discharging the secondary battery by a constant current or a constant current;
Measuring a terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to a remaining capacity of the secondary battery while charging or discharging the secondary battery with a constant current; And
And calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery using the obtained open-circuit voltage and the measured terminal voltage,
The step of calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery includes:
Calculating a first series resistance from a first open-circuit voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity and a first terminal voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity;
Calculating a second series resistance from a second open-circuit voltage corresponding to a second remaining capacity different from the first remaining capacity and a second terminal voltage corresponding to the second remaining capacity; And
And calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery using an average value of the first series resistance and the second series resistance.
The terminal voltage of the secondary battery is measured and recorded every unit time,
The step of calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery includes:
Calculating a series resistance of the secondary battery corresponding to different remaining capacitances by using the terminal voltage measured at the specific remaining capacity and the open-circuit voltage at the specific remaining capacity, and using the average value of the series resistances calculated, And calculating a representative series resistance of the battery.
Wherein the step of charging the secondary battery with a constant current or discharging a constant-
Characterized in that the charging or discharging of the secondary battery is stopped for a predetermined time in order to prevent the measured terminal voltage from being deteriorated by charging or discharging of the secondary battery Method of measuring resistance.
Wherein the measurement of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery is stopped when charging or discharging is stopped every reference time.
The step of calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery includes:
Is calculated based on the following formula (1): " (1) "
[Equation 1]
(i: remaining capacity of the secondary battery)
Generating a profile for performing a charging / discharging function for the secondary battery based on the obtained open-circuit voltage;
Performing a constant current charge while maintaining a charge current of the secondary battery at a first current value based on the generated profile;
Recording the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery every unit time while charging the secondary battery with a constant current;
Stopping charging and discharging of the secondary battery for a dormant period based on the generated profile when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is charged to the reference capacity;
Performing a constant current discharge while maintaining a discharge current of the secondary battery at a second current value based on the generated profile when the downtime elapses;
Recording the terminal voltage of the secondary battery according to the remaining capacity of the secondary battery every unit time while discharging the constant current of the secondary battery; And
And calculating the series resistance of the secondary battery by comparing the obtained open-circuit voltage and the written terminal voltage for each unit time.
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| JP2011058961A (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Battery control apparatus and method of estimating internal resistance of battery |
| JP2014109535A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Gs Yuasa Corp | Internal resistance estimation device, charging apparatus, discharging apparatus, and internal resistance estimation method |
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