KR101733094B1 - Circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101733094B1
KR101733094B1 KR1020150134391A KR20150134391A KR101733094B1 KR 101733094 B1 KR101733094 B1 KR 101733094B1 KR 1020150134391 A KR1020150134391 A KR 1020150134391A KR 20150134391 A KR20150134391 A KR 20150134391A KR 101733094 B1 KR101733094 B1 KR 101733094B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
flow guide
heat exchanger
flow
bed boiler
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KR1020150134391A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20170035497A (en
Inventor
김태현
민지홍
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현대건설 주식회사
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Priority to KR1020150134391A priority Critical patent/KR101733094B1/en
Publication of KR20170035497A publication Critical patent/KR20170035497A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed

Abstract

The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized-bed boiler, and more particularly, to a circulating fluidized-bed boiler, which includes a combustion chamber for fluidizing and burning solid fuel and a circulating medium supplied from the outside, A cyclone that is connected to the combustion chamber at each of left and right sides of the combustion chamber and collects the circulation medium and recirculates the exhaust gas to the combustion chamber when the circulation medium is discharged together with the exhaust gas generated by burning the solid fuel in the combustion chamber; A heat exchanger installed on the upper side of the combustion chamber to exchange heat with the circulation medium; And a flow guide member installed on the heat exchanger for guiding the flow direction of the circulation medium so that the flow of the circulation medium flowing in the combustion chamber flows uniformly through the inner space of the combustion chamber, .

Figure R1020150134391

Description

[0001] Circulating fluidized bed boiler [0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, and more particularly, to a circulating fluidized bed boiler capable of improving heat transfer efficiency by guiding a flow direction of a circulating medium so that a circulating medium for heat transfer can uniformly flow in an inner space of a combustion chamber .

Fluidized bed combustion is a method in which solid fuel such as fossil fuel, biomass fuel, etc. is combusted while flowing in a combustion chamber together with bed materials (or circulating medium) such as sand and ash (ash).

By injecting the fluidizing gas into the combustion chamber, the solid fuel and the circulating medium are fluidized in the combustion chamber and mixed uniformly and rapidly throughout the combustion chamber. The fluidized solid fuel and the circulating medium are burned to generate a high-temperature combustion gas. The combustion gas thus generated is discharged from the combustion chamber together with the heated air. A mixture of the heated air and the hot combustion gases (flue gas) discharged from the combustion chamber is also used to generate steam to drive the steam turbine.

The fluidized bed combustion method has an advantage that the combustion reaction is fast and the operating temperature is relatively low as compared with the general thermal power combustion method, so that the amount of nitrogen oxide generated is small. The circulating fluidized bed combustion system separates the solid particles discharged from the combustion chamber together with the flue gas from the flue gas and then returns to the combustion chamber.

The circulating fluidized-bed boiler includes a combustion chamber, a separator formed at the top of the combustion chamber and connected to the outlet, and a return duct for circulation of the solid particles separated from the flue gas in the separator. The return duct is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber through an inlet formed in the lower portion of the combustion chamber. The separator and the return duct constitute a particle circulation system.

However, in the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler, in the rated load operation, the flow flow is distributed so that the solid particles floating above the combustion chamber can be uniformly flowed into the combustion chamber through sufficient mixing. However, in the low load operation, There is a problem that the flow deviation increases.

Korean Patent No. 10-1118509

An object of the present invention is to provide a circulating fluidized bed boiler which can improve the heat transfer efficiency by guiding the flow direction of the circulating medium so that the circulating medium for heat transfer can uniformly flow in the combustion chamber inner space.

The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising: a combustion chamber for fluidizing and burning solid fuel and a circulating medium supplied from the outside; A cyclone that is connected to the combustion chamber at each of left and right sides of the combustion chamber and collects the circulation medium and recirculates the exhaust gas to the combustion chamber when the circulation medium is discharged together with the exhaust gas generated by burning the solid fuel in the combustion chamber; A heat exchanger installed on the upper side of the combustion chamber to exchange heat with the circulation medium; And a flow guide member installed on the heat exchanger for guiding the flow direction of the circulation medium so that the flow of the circulation medium flowing in the combustion chamber flows uniformly through the inner space of the combustion chamber, The present invention provides a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising:

The circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention has the following effects.

First, the flow guide member uniformly distributes the flow of the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber regardless of the load fluctuation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler on the heat exchanger installed in the combustion chamber, and uniform heat transfer Can have an effect that occurs. In particular, since the flow guide member is installed in contact with the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger, the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger can be increased to improve the heat transfer performance and the stable operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be achieved .

Second, since the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber by the flow guide member flows uniformly and flows, the thermal stress is dispersed and the wear resistance characteristics of the internal structures of the combustion chamber such as the flow guide member are improved. Therefore, And time can be saved.

1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to another embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a perspective view illustrating heat exchangers and flow guide members provided in a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to another embodiment of the present invention.

1 to 5 show a circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention.

1, a circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combustion chamber 110, a cyclone 130, a heat exchanger 150, And a guide member (200). 1, the circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 is supplied with solid fuel such as limestone, coal, etc. through an external fuel supply unit 10 connected to the combustion chamber 110 and connected thereto.

The combustion chamber 110 is supplied with a circulating medium (bed material) such as sand, ash, etc., together with the solid fuel, from the external circulating medium supply unit 30 together with the solid fuel. The solid fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 110 and the circulating medium are combusted while flowing, scattering, and circulating in the combustion chamber 110 by the fluidizing gas supplied from the outside. That is, heat transfer is performed through the circulating medium with the heat exchanger 150, which will be described later.

The cyclone 130 is connected to the combustion chamber 110 in a communicative manner. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the cyclone 130 is connected to both sides of the combustion chamber 110 so as to communicate with each other. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cyclone 130 may be connected to only one side of the combustion chamber 110 in a communicative manner.

More specifically, the cyclone 130 is provided on the left and right sides of the combustion chamber 110 at predetermined intervals from the front surface of the combustion chamber 110 to the rear surface. Particularly, the cyclone 130 connected to one of the left and right sides of the combustion chamber 110 is forwardly spaced from the cyclone 130 connected to the other of the left and right sides of the combustion chamber 110 Or disposed rearward.

The cyclone 130 connected to the left side of the combustion chamber 110 is arranged forward by a predetermined distance with respect to the cyclone 130 connected to the right side of the combustion chamber 110. In the present embodiment, The distance between the cyclone 130 connected to the left side of the combustion chamber 110 and the cyclone 130 connected to the right side of the combustion chamber 110 is 1/2 of the pitch between adjacent cyclones 130.

In the combustion chamber 110, the solid fuel is burned to generate exhaust gas, which is exhausted through the cyclone 130. At this time, a part of the circulating medium which has flowed in the combustion chamber 110 together with the exhaust gas may be discharged. In the cyclone 130, the circulating medium is collected and recirculated to the combustion chamber 110.

In the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 150 is installed inside the combustion chamber 110. In this embodiment, a plate heat exchanger is applied to the heat exchanger 150 as an example. More specifically, a plate-type heat exchanger in which a plurality of U-shaped heat exchange tubes are stacked to form a plate shape is applied. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various kinds of heat exchangers may be applied. The heat exchanger 150 is provided in the combustion chamber 110 at a predetermined interval from the front surface of the combustion chamber 110 toward the rear surface. Particularly, in the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 150 is installed in a hanging type in which the heat exchanger 150 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the combustion chamber 110.

The feed water is supplied to one side of the heat exchanger 150 and the water is discharged from the other side after flowing through the heat exchanger 150. At this time, The circulation medium is heat-exchanged with the water flowing through the heat exchanger 150 through the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger 150 when the circulation medium is mixed and combusted while flowing in the combustion chamber 110 do.

However, when the circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 performs the rated load operation, the circulation medium flows in the combustion chamber 110 to be actively flowing. Therefore, the circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 flows uniformly in the combustion chamber 110, The turbulence characteristic is reduced and the flow deviation of the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber 110 becomes large. Accordingly, the heat transfer between the circulating medium and the heat exchanger 150 is not uniform, so that the circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 can not be operated stably, and the exhaust gas is discharged to the cyclone 130 together with the exhaust gas The circulating medium may not be uniformly distributed.

Particularly, as in the present embodiment, when the cyclones 130 connected to the left side of the combustion chamber 110 and the cyclones 130 connected to the right side of the combustion chamber 110 are arranged asymmetrically with respect to each other, The amount of the circulating medium discharged to the cyclone 130 is different, so that the circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 can not be operated stably.

As described above, the flow guide member 200 is provided to uniformly flow the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber 100 without being affected by a load change of the circulating fluidized-bed boiler 100.

The flow guide member 200 is installed on the heat exchanger 150 so that the flow of the circulating medium uniformly flows in the combustion chamber 110 and is directed to the cyclone 130. [ And serves to guide the flow direction.

The flow guide member 200 is installed on at least one of the front surface and the rear surface of the heat exchanger 150. 1, the flow guide member 110 is installed on the front surface of the heat exchanger 150. However, the flow guide member 110 may be installed only on the front surface of the heat exchanger 150, It may be installed at the rear side. 1, the flow guide member 200 is installed on the front surface of the heat exchanger 150 so as to cross the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 150, And a plurality of flow guide plates 210 spaced apart from each other.

More specifically, each of the flow guide plates 210 is formed into a flat plate structure having a polygonal cross-section. In this embodiment, the flow guide plate 210 having a rectangular cross section and a plate structure is taken as an example. Each of the flow guide plates 210 is downwardly inclined from the upper side to the lower side of the combustion chamber 110. Specifically, the flow guide plates 210 are inclined downward toward the center of the width direction of the heat exchanger 150.

When the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber 110 flows in the space inside the combustion chamber 150, the flow direction of the circulating medium is changed by the flow guide member 200 provided in the heat exchanger 150 Guidance. Accordingly, the flow of the circulating medium is not concentrated in any one space in the combustion chamber 110, and the internal space of the combustion chamber 110 can be uniformly flowed.

Particularly, the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger 150 is increased by the flow guide member 200 installed on the heat exchanger 150 in contact with the heat exchanger 150, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency .

2 to 4 show a circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 ', 100a, 100b and a flow guide member 200', 200a, 200b according to another embodiment of the present invention. The circulating fluidized bed boilers 100 ', 100a and 100b shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 are different from the circulating fluidized bed boiler 100 according to the above-described embodiment only in respect to the flow guide members 200', 200a and 200b There are differences, but the rest of the configurations are the same.

The flow guide member 200 'of the circulating fluidized-bed boiler 100' shown in FIG. 2 includes at least one of a front surface and a rear surface of the heat exchanger 150 And a plurality of flow guide plates 210 'spaced from each other by a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 150. The flow guide plate 210 'is formed in a plate structure having a polygonal cross section, in which the cross section is a rectangular plate shape, and is formed into a curved plate shape as shown in FIG.

If the flow guide plate 210 'is formed in a curved plate shape as shown in FIG. 2, the abrasion of the plate surface and the flow separation phenomenon may be reduced as compared with a case where the flow guide plate 210' is formed as a flat plate. Accordingly, a uniform flow flow can be formed and heat transfer efficiency can be improved.

The flow guide member 200a shown in FIG. 3 is installed on one of the front and rear surfaces of the heat exchanger 150, and has a plurality of flow guide members 200a spaced from each other at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 150 And includes flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214, 215. The flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215 have a plate structure having a polygonal cross section like the flow guide plates 210 and 210 'shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, Plane plate structure or a curved plate structure shown in Fig. The structure of the flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214, and 215 may be selected and applied according to the flow characteristics of the circulation medium.

However, the flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214, and 215 in the present embodiment have different cross-sectional sizes. More specifically, the cross-sectional dimensions of the flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214, and 215 gradually decrease from the upper side to the lower side of the combustion chamber 110. The flow rate of the circulation medium flowing in the combustion chamber 110 is about 1.5 times the average flow rate in the central region of the combustion chamber 110. Particularly, as described above, the circulating medium is composed of sand, a material, and the like. When the circulating medium is made of sand, the density of the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber 110 varies according to the height of the combustion chamber 110 . More specifically, the density of the circulating medium decreases as the temperature of the circulating medium decreases from the upper side to the lower side of the combustion chamber 110.

That is, since the density of the circulating medium is increased toward the upper side of the combustion chamber 110, the flow guide member 200a disposed on the heat exchanger 150 may be arranged in the vicinity of the upper side of the combustion chamber 110, The flow guide plate collides with the circulation medium more rapidly and wears more quickly. However, as in the present embodiment, when the cross-sectional dimensions of the flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214, and 215 are increased from the lower side to the upper side of the combustion chamber 110, The wear characteristics can be improved and the service life of the flow guide plates 211, 212, 213, 214, and 215 can be extended.

The flow guide member 200b of the circulating fluidized-bed boiler 100b shown in FIG. 4 has the same structure as that of the flow guide member 200, 200 ', 200a according to the above- And a plurality of flow guide plates 211-b, 212-b, and 213-b disposed on one of the rear surfaces of the heat exchanger 150 and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 150.

 However, in this embodiment, the flow guide plates 212-b disposed in the central region of the longitudinal length of the heat exchanger 150 have the largest density, and the longitudinal center region of the heat exchanger 150 The density of the flow guide plates 211-b and 213-b is reduced.

The arrangement of the flow guide plates 211-b, 212-b, and 213-b as in the present embodiment is such that the flow of the circulating medium flowing in the combustion chamber 110 is maintained in the central region of the combustion chamber 110 In order to make the distribution of the circulating medium uniform. The flow guide plates 211-b, 212-b, and 213-b are simply spaced at equal intervals without considering the flow characteristics of the circulation medium when the flow of the circulation medium is concentrated in the central region of the combustion chamber 110 The uniform distribution of the circulating medium is not uniform and only the damage of the flow guide plates in the region where the flow of the circulating medium is concentrated becomes large.

However, if the flow guide plates 211-b, 212-b, and 213-b are arranged in consideration of the flow characteristics in which the circulation medium is concentrated in the central region as in the present embodiment, It is possible to minimize the damage of the flow guide plates.

5, the flow guide member 200c according to another embodiment of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is illustrated. Prior to a specific description, the heat exchanger 150 'is shown as an example of a plate-type heat exchanger 150' in this embodiment. However, without being limited thereto, a heat exchanger in which 'U' shaped heat exchange tubes are stacked as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be applied.

 The flow guide member 200c shown in FIG. 5 is formed so as to divide the internal space of the combustion chamber 110 from the front side of the combustion chamber 110 so as to be symmetrical with respect to the center in the width direction of the combustion chamber 100 And a flow guide plate transversely extending in the vertical direction toward the rear side. The flow guide plate 200c has a plate structure, and the flow guide plate is fitted in the heat exchanger 150 '. Therefore, fitting grooves 201c are formed on the lower side of the flow guide plate so that the heat exchangers 150 'can be fitted and engaged with each other at a predetermined interval along the horizontal direction.

The flow guide member 200c as in the present embodiment divides the internal space of the combustion chamber 110 symmetrically with respect to the widthwise center of the combustion chamber 110, The flow flow distribution of the medium can be made evenly. 5, the larger the size of the flow guide member 200c, the larger the heat transfer area can be secured. So that the heat transfer performance can be improved.

While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

100, 100`, 100a, 100b: Circulating fluidized bed boiler
10: fuel supply unit 30: circulation medium supply unit
110: combustion chamber 130: cyclone
150, 150`: heat exchanger
200, 200`, 200a, 200c: flow guide member

Claims (11)

In a circulating fluidized bed boiler,
A combustion chamber for fluidizing and burning solid fuel and a circulating medium supplied from the outside;
A cyclone that is connected to the combustion chamber at each of left and right sides of the combustion chamber and collects the circulation medium and recirculates the exhaust gas to the combustion chamber when the circulation medium is discharged together with the exhaust gas generated by burning the solid fuel in the combustion chamber;
A heat exchanger installed on the upper side of the combustion chamber to exchange heat with the circulation medium; And
And a flow guide member for guiding the flow of the circulation medium so that the flow of the circulation medium flowing through the inside of the combustion chamber is uniformly distributed to uniformly flow the internal space of the combustion chamber and can be directed to the cyclone,
Wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of heat exchangers spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval from the front surface of the combustion chamber toward the rear surface thereof,
Wherein the flow guide member includes a flow guide plate in the form of a rectangular flat plate,
A plurality of fitting grooves are formed on the lower side of the flow guide plate, the fitting grooves being spaced from each other by a predetermined interval in the same direction as the direction from the front surface to the rear surface of the combustion chamber,
A plurality of the heat exchangers are inserted into the fitting grooves, and when the flow guide plate and the heat exchanger are coupled, the inner space of the combustion chamber is uniformly distributed in a symmetrical manner with respect to the center of the combustion chamber, Circulating fluidized bed boiler. The method according to claim 1,
The cyclone,
A plurality of combustion chambers are provided on the left and right sides of the combustion chamber at predetermined intervals from the front face to the rear face of the combustion chamber,
Wherein the cyclones connected to either the left side or the right side of the combustion chamber are disposed forwardly by a predetermined distance or rearward than the cyclones connected to the other side of the left or right side of the combustion chamber. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of heat exchangers spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval from the front surface of the combustion chamber toward the rear surface thereof,
Wherein the flow guide member is provided so as to cross the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger on at least one of the front surface and the rear surface of each of the heat exchangers so that heat is transferred from the circulation medium through the flow guide member, Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler in Contact with a Tank. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete
KR1020150134391A 2015-09-23 2015-09-23 Circulating fluidized bed boiler KR101733094B1 (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100808417B1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2008-02-29 포스터휠러에너지 코퍼레이션 Arrangement in a circulating fluidized bed reactor system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20065308L (en) 2006-05-10 2007-11-11 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Fluidized bed heat exchanger for a fluidized bed boiler and fluidized bed boiler with a fluidized bed heat exchanger

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100808417B1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2008-02-29 포스터휠러에너지 코퍼레이션 Arrangement in a circulating fluidized bed reactor system

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