KR101692556B1 - Method for displaying channel information and display apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a channel information display method and a display device using the same, the method comprising: receiving EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images from a network operator server; Mapping received EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images to a plurality of broadcast channels; And displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels using EPG information and thumbnail images corresponding to the broadcast channels.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of displaying channel information and a display device using the same,

The present invention relates to a method of displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels in a display device or the like.

Digital TV and wired / wireless network technologies with superior signal processing and storage capabilities than conventional analog TVs have been developed and commercialized. In addition to the existing broadcasting media, real-time broadcast, COD (Contents on Demand) , Games, news, video communication, and the like.

An example of content service provision using the Internet network is IPTV (Internet Protocol TV). The IPTV refers to transmitting various information services, moving picture contents, broadcasting, and the like to a user's television using a high-speed Internet network.

In recent years, the concept of broadband TV, web TV, etc. has been suggested as a form of network TV that has advanced further in IPTV. Unlike the conventional IPTV, a broadband TV or a web TV has a plurality of content providers, and a user accesses a plurality of content providers individually to receive contents such as various VODs and games provided by a content provider.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a channel information display method comprising: receiving EPG (Electronic Program Guide) information and thumbnail images per channel from a network operator server; Mapping the received EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images to a plurality of broadcast channels; And displaying information on the plurality of broadcast channels using EPG information and thumbnail images corresponding to the broadcast channels.

A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a tuner for selecting and receiving a broadcast signal of one of a plurality of broadcast channels; A network interface unit for receiving EPG information and thumbnail images for each channel; A controller combining the received EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnail images to correspond to each of the plurality of broadcast channels; And a display unit for displaying information on the plurality of broadcast channels using EPG information and thumbnail images corresponding to the broadcast channels.

Meanwhile, the channel information display method may be embodied as a computer-readable recording medium on which a program to be executed by a computer is recorded.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the EPG information received from the server and the thumbnail images for each channel are combined to display information on a plurality of broadcast channels, so that the channel information can be easily displayed without adding hardware such as a tuner, Can be displayed.

1 is a diagram showing a network configuration diagram of a display system.
2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a method for displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels.
4 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a method for displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels.
5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a display system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of displaying channel information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment of a method for displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels.
8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a display system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a method of displaying channel information according to an embodiment of the present invention and a display device using the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of a display system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows a configuration of a network TV system that receives content from a content provider using a network.

1, a display system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a network operator 10, at least one content provider (CP) 20, and at least one network TV 30 , Which may be interconnected by a network, e.g., the Internet.

The network operator 10 can provide the base software necessary for the content provider 20 to operate normally in the network TV 30 or the software necessary for the network TV 30 to operate in the network TV 30 have. It is also possible to provide the content provider 20 with the hardware information of the network TV 30 necessary for the contents to be normally executed on the network TV 30.

For example, the network operator 10 provides a basic screen frame required when providing contents provided by content providers to the network TV 30, and allows the user to select contents, input various commands, To provide a user interface to do so. The network operator 10 may also serve to provide data for updating the firmware or software of the network TV 30 and the network operator 10 may be the same entity as the manufacturer of the network TV 30 have.

The content provider 20 can generate various contents that can be provided on the network and configure it in a format that can be reproduced on the network TV 30 and can provide contents according to the request of the network TV 30. The content according to the present invention may be any multimedia content that can be served through a network.

For example, the content provided by the content provider 20 may be provided by the content provider 20 directly to the network TV 30 via the Internet or may be provided to the network TV 30 via the network operator 10 It is possible.

The network TV 30 may be equipped with dedicated firmware for playing, searching, and displaying a list of contents for each content provider 20. [ The firmware may be installed in the network TV 30 during the manufacturing process of the network TV 30 or downloaded from the content provider 20 or the network operator 10 while the user is using the firmware.

The firmware of the network TV 30 may be referred to as a program for reproducing or executing the content provided by the content provider 20. [ The firmware may vary depending on the type of content provided by the content provider 20. For example, if the content provider 20 is a VOD provider, the firmware may be a VOD playback program. If the content provider 20 is an AOD, a MOD provider, it may be an AOD and a MOD playback program. And may be a video telephone program when the content provider 20 is a video telephone service provider.

The network TV 30 can receive the content from the content provider 20 and reproduce or execute the content. The network TV 30 may include any display device equipped with a network module such as a broadcast receiving device such as a TV, a set-top box, etc. equipped with a network module, or a network telephone. Although the present invention is described by taking a broadcast receiving apparatus having a broadcast receiving function as an example, the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to any display device capable of network connection, and can be included in the scope of the present invention.

More specifically, the content provider 20 may be a company that creates or distributes various contents to be provided to the network TV 30. The content provider 20 may include a TV station, a radio station, a VOD provider, an AOD provider, a game provider, a video phone service provider, a weather information provider, a photo related service provider, and the like.

A TV station refers to a conventional terrestrial or cable broadcasting station, which can create and store a program that users can watch and convert the digital signal into a digital broadcasting signal.

A radio station provides audio content and can only provide audio content with or without video content.

VOD operators and AOD operators have different characteristics from TV stations and radio stations. In other words, in the case of VOD or AOD, a service is provided so that a desired program, movie, or music can be stored and reproduced. For example, if there is a broadcast program that is not properly watched because there is no time for viewing the current broadcast program, the user can access the site providing the broadcast service and download the file or play the program immediately.

The AOD provider can provide a streaming service of audio contents.

A MOD (Music On Demand) service provider can download music I want to listen to.

The video telephone service provider can provide the relay service so that a video call can be made with a user of another network TV through the network. The weather information provider provides weather information for various regions, and the photo service provider can provide tools for editing and storing photographs.

A portal server is a web service provided by each broadcasting station. When a request is received from a user terminal, the portal server can connect to a web server of a broadcasting service provider or a service provider. The role of the portal server is to be able to retrieve a list of programs provided by each broadcasting station or content providers providing content services.

The network TV 30 basically has a network interface that can be connected to a network, receives an IP address and receives a data packet through the network, and when the data packet is multimedia data such as video and audio, have.

The network TV 30 may operate to transmit the user's requests in both directions while processing the multimedia data. Also, it is preferable that buttons for controlling the network TV, that is, buttons for selecting various menus, are provided in a user input portion of a remote controller or an operation button for controlling the network TV 30.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the display system as shown in FIG. 1 may not include the network operator 10, in which case the network TV 30 uses the wired / The content provider 20 may directly access the server 20, and more particularly, the content provider 20 to receive the content.

Meanwhile, the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention may be configured as the network TV 30 shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the above-described network TV 30 will be described in detail.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, FIG. 2 shows a configuration of the network TV 30 shown in FIG.

The network TV 30 may have a function of receiving a broadcast signal in the form of an RF signal through a broadcast or cable via the broadcast receiver 41 in addition to receiving the content through the network.

2, the network TV 30 includes a broadcast receiving unit 41, a demultiplexing unit 42, a video signal processing unit 43, a display unit 44, a network interface unit 45, A user interface unit 47, a storage interface unit 48, a storage unit 49, an external signal input unit 39, and a control unit 50. [0031]

Among the above components, the broadcast receiving unit 41, the demultiplexing unit 42, and the video signal processing unit 43 receive a broadcast signal and process it in a form that can be outputted to the display unit 44 through various processes, .

In the case of digital broadcasting, a digital broadcasting signal can be transmitted in the form of a packetized transport stream by time division multiplexing a video signal, an audio signal, and additional data.

The broadcast receiving unit 41 includes a tuner including an antenna for receiving a broadcast signal transmitted from the outside and tuning a broadcast signal having a frequency band corresponding thereto according to a tuning control signal of a control unit 50 to be described later, And a demodulator (demodulator) for outputting a broadcast signal of a specific channel through a VSB (Vestigial Sideband) demodulation process and an error correction process in a transport stream format.

The broadcast signal received through the broadcast receiver 41 is demultiplexed into various additional data defined by a video signal, an audio signal, Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) Lt; / RTI >

The video data separated through the demultiplexing unit 42 may be processed by the video signal processing unit 43 and displayed on the display unit 44.

The video signal processor 43 may include an MPEG-2 decoder and a scaler for converting the video data to a vertical frequency, a resolution, an aspect ratio, or the like, which conforms to the output standard of the display unit 44.

The display unit 44 can display an image using various types of display panels such as DLP (Digital Light Processing), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), PDP (Plasma Display Panel)

The audio signal is processed by a voice signal processing unit (not shown) and output to a speaker. The voice signal processing unit may include an AC-3 decoder.

The additional data included in the additional data separated through the demultiplexer 42 may be stored in the storage unit 49 through the storage interface unit 48 to be described later.

The storage unit 49 may be implemented by an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or the like.

The user interface unit 47 is a means for receiving a request command from a user. The user interface unit 47 may include an infrared receiver for receiving an infrared signal input through a remote controller or a local key input unit provided at one side of the panel.

The network interface unit 45 can receive content or data from the content provider 20 or the network operator 10 via the network. For example, it can access a server of the content provider 20 through a wired / wireless network such as the Internet, and receive contents and related information of a broadcast, a game, a VOD, a broadcast signal and the like provided from the content provider server .

It is also possible to receive update information and an update file of the firmware provided by the network operator 10 via the network interface unit 45.

The OSD generating unit 46 may generate a menu screen for receiving a user's judgment signal in the form of an OSD (On Screen Display).

That is, the OSD generating unit 46 may display information related to the content received through the network interface unit 45 through the display unit 44.

The external signal input unit 39 is an interface capable of receiving input from another playback apparatus such as a DVD player or a game machine. The external signal input unit 39 connects another playback apparatus to the external signal input unit 39, (44).

The control unit 50 may perform overall operation control according to a command input from the user interface unit 47. The control unit 50 can receive and execute the software of the content provider 20, that is, the firmware update file, received from the network operator 10.

According to the embodiment, the broadcast receiving apparatus 40 according to the present invention can output a 3D image. The menu screen of the broadcast receiving apparatus 40 may be provided in 3D, and when the content provided by the content provider 20 is 3D content, the menu screen may be received and output. On the other hand, additional components may be required to output the 3D image.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a display device, for example, a network TV 30 receives channel information data such as electronic program guide (EPG) information and channel-by-channel thumbnail images from a network operator server 10 And can display information on each of a plurality of broadcast channels receivable by combining the received EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images.

For example, the network operator server 10 receives channel information data such as EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images from a content provider server 20 providing broadcast channel information, (30).

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a method for displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels.

Referring to FIG. 3, information corresponding to each of a plurality of broadcast channels receivable by the display device may be displayed on the screen 100.

The displayed broadcast channel information may include a broadcasting station name of the corresponding channel, a channel number, a name or content of contents broadcasted in the current or specific time zone on the channel in the form of characters or images.

In an embodiment of the present invention, information on a plurality of broadcast channels displayed on the screen 100 includes an image corresponding to an image of each broadcast channel, more specifically, a thumbnail image or a movie clip A channel browser may be provided.

For example, a channel browser including thumbnail images corresponding to each of a plurality of broadcast channels receivable on the display device on the screen 100 may be displayed.

As such, the channel browser includes thumbnail images corresponding to each of the plurality of channels, so that the user can intuitively perceive contents broadcast on a plurality of channels.

Meanwhile, the channel browser displayed on the display device may further include an edit menu. The editing menu includes a "lock" item for performing locking function to make the selected thumbnail image uneditable, an "edit" item for editing the selected thumbnail image, an "alignment" item for displaying and sorting the thumbnail image, A " next "item for displaying a next thumbnail image other than the displayed thumbnail image, and an" exit "item for moving to another menu item in the" .

Meanwhile, the thumbnail image displayed in the channel browser may be a still image or a moving image, and may be an image of a content currently received in the channel or an image of a previously stored content.

The thumbnail images may be images processed and outputted by the channel browsing processor 170 as described above.

When one of the displayed thumbnail images is selected in the state that the channel browser is displayed, a broadcast signal image of a channel corresponding to the selected thumbnail image may be displayed on the screen 100.

In addition, the thumbnail images displayed in the channel browser may be arranged according to any one of a channel number, a preset favorite channel, a recent viewing channel, and a preset deletion channel.

3, a cursor or a pointer may be displayed on the channel browser. For example, when there is a movement input of the cursor or the pointer by a user input means such as a space remote controller, The cursor or the pointer can be moved in accordance with the moving direction of the right,

3, the channel browser is displayed over the entire area of the screen 500, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, when a specific image is displayed on the screen 100, A channel browser including a plurality of thumbnail images may be displayed.

Also, at least some of the thumbnail images may be updated periodically or randomly.

4 shows a second embodiment of a method for displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels. The program information window displaying program information for each of a plurality of receivable broadcast channels is displayed on the screen 100 Lt; / RTI >

Meanwhile, in order to display information on a plurality of channels receivable by the display device on the screen 10, the display device may include two or more tuners.

For example, the first tuner included in the display apparatus selects an RF broadcast signal corresponding to a channel selected by a user from an RF (Radio Frequency) broadcast signal received through an antenna, converts the selected RF broadcast signal into an intermediate frequency signal Baseband video / audio signal.

The second tuner sequentially or periodically selects an RF broadcast signal corresponding to each of a plurality of broadcast channels, for example, all broadcast channels stored in a display device, among RF broadcast signals received through an antenna, And extract channel information for the plurality of broadcast channels from the broadcast channel.

However, in this case, the display device must include two or more tuners as described above, and a separate processing unit is provided to configure a channel browser including a thumbnail image as shown in FIG. 3 using the channel information There is a need to do.

Therefore, the display apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention does not have separate hardware for constructing a tuner or a channel browser for collecting channel information, and can receive EPG information and a thumbnail image per channel received from an external server The channel information can be easily displayed by corresponding to a plurality of broadcast channels.

5 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a display system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The display system includes a display device 200, a broadcast information server 210, and a network operator server 220 .

Referring to FIG. 5, the display device 200 may be a network TV 30 having the configuration and operation as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and the broadcast information server 210 may include, May be provided by any one of the same content providers 20. In addition, the network operator server 220 may be provided by the network operator 10 shown in FIG.

For example, the broadcast information server 210 may be a server provided by at least one of the content providers 20, such as a PF (Packet Filter) server, an EPG service provider, an ECG (Electronic Content Guide) service provider, Portal Server) operator, or any server operator capable of providing various services to a network TV over the Internet.

The PF server is provided by a company that manages all broadcasting information and location information provided by the content provider instead. This service may mainly include location information necessary for broadcasting time of the corresponding broadcasting station, broadcasting, and information that the user can access.

The EPG service can provide the EPG information so that the user can inquire the broadcast program by time zone and grasp the channel by channel.

The ECG service can provide the user with contents information of the content provider, the location and access right of the connection server, and the like. For example, the ECG service provides a function of allowing easy access to servers having contents and information of contents The state may be an electronic program guide.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the broadcast information server 210 may include EPG meta data indicating broadcast channel information by time zone as shown in FIG. 4, and thumbnail images per channel corresponding to a plurality of broadcast channels, Data can be provided to the network operator server 220.

In addition, the network operator server 220 transmits the EPG meta data and the thumbnail images for each channel received from the broadcast information server 210 to the display device 200 using a wired / wireless network, for example, the Internet Lt; / RTI >

On the other hand, the display apparatus 200 associates the EPG information input from the network operator server 220 and the thumbnail images for each channel with a plurality of broadcast channels receivable according to a broadcast signal received by using a tuner or the like, And displays information about each of the plurality of channels by combining EPG information and thumbnail images for each channel.

That is, a broadcast signal including a plurality of broadcast channels is received through an antenna and a tuner, and information about the broadcast channels is received from a broadcast information server 210 through a network manager server 220, The channel information as shown in FIG. 3 or 4 can be displayed without adding additional hardware such as a tuner.

Hereinafter, a method of displaying channel information according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6 to FIG.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of displaying channel information according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, a method of displaying channel information shown in FIG. 6 will be described with reference to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 6, the network interface unit 45 included in the display apparatus 200 receives EPG information and data including thumbnail images for each channel from the server (operation 300).

For example, the network interface unit 45 can receive the EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images from the network operator server 220 shown in FIG. 5 using a wired / wireless network such as the Internet, or the broadcast information server 210 And directly receive the EPG information and the thumbnail images for each channel.

Thereafter, the controller 50 associates the received EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images with a plurality of broadcast channels (step 310).

For example, when the display apparatus 200 receives the EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnails corresponding to each of a plurality of broadcast channels receivable using an antenna and a tuner, that is, physical broadcast channels divided and received by frequency bands, Images can be combined and segmented.

The display unit 44 displays channel information for each of the plurality of broadcast channels using the EPG information corresponding to each of the plurality of broadcast channels and the thumbnail images for each channel in operation 320.

In this case, the EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnail images received from the server are not only a plurality of channels received through the broadcast signal, but also content, such as content receivable from the content providers 20 through the network interface unit 45, For example, information about a paid channel and the like may be included.

Accordingly, the channel information displayed in step 320 can display information on various contents that can be received from the content providers 20 as well as broadcast channels that can be received through a broadcast signal received using an antenna and a tuner have.

7 shows a third embodiment of a method for displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels. The method for displaying channel information shown in FIG. 7 is similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 Will be omitted.

7, an image 110 of a channel selected by a user can be displayed on a screen 100 of the display device 200, and a partial area of the screen 100, for example, a channel information display area Information about a plurality of broadcast channels may be displayed on the display unit 120. [

On the other hand, the channel information displayed in the channel information display area 120 includes broadcast channel information and thumbnail images formed by combining EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images received from the network operator server 220 as a plurality of broadcast channels May be displayed so as to correspond to each of

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a user may select one of a first mode for displaying only the received EPG information using the user interface unit 47, a second mode for displaying only thumbnail images for each channel, And a third mode in which thumbnail images for respective channels are displayed in combination.

For example, when the user selects the first mode, broadcast information for each of a plurality of broadcast channels may be displayed in the channel information display area 120 using EPG information received from the server.

Also, when the user selects the first mode, the thumbnail images for each channel received from the server in the channel information display area 120 may be displayed so as to correspond to each of the plurality of broadcast channels.

On the other hand, if the user selects the third mode, broadcast information of each time zone may be displayed together with a thumbnail image of the corresponding channel in the channel information display area 120 so as to correspond to each of the plurality of broadcast channels.

8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a display system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The description of the same configuration as that described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 in the configuration of the display system shown in Fig. .

Referring to FIG. 8, an external device 230 for providing a broadcast signal to the display device 200 may be connected. For example, the external device 230 may be a cable broadcast, a satellite broadcast, (STB) that receives broadcast signals using a wired or wireless network and then converts the broadcast signals into a form that can be output from the display device 200 and outputs the broadcast signals.

Meanwhile, the broadcasting information server 210 provides the channel programming information for each broadcasting service to the network operator server 220 in addition to the EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnail images, and the network operator server 220 provides channel- It is possible to transmit the program information to the display device 200. [

The channel configuration information for each broadcast service may be transmitted to the external device 230, for example, a cable broadcast, a satellite broadcast, or an IPTV channel, which can be received through a set-top box, as well as a broadcast channel that can be received using an antenna and a tuner of the display device 200. [ And the like.

Accordingly, the display apparatus 200 can receive broadcast channels receivable by using an antenna and a tuner, various contents receivable through the set-top box, which is an external apparatus 230 connected together with various contents receivable from the contents providers 20, Information about channels can be displayed together.

The channel information display method may be implemented as a program for execution on a computer and stored in a computer readable recording medium. Examples of the computer readable recording medium include a ROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, , A floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like, and may also be implemented in the form of a carrier wave (for example, transmission over the Internet).

The computer readable recording medium may be distributed over a networked computer system so that computer readable code can be stored and executed in a distributed manner. And, functional programs, codes and code segments for implementing the above method can be easily inferred by programmers of the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

A method of displaying information on a plurality of broadcast channels,
Receiving the plurality of broadcast channels from a content provider;
Receiving electronic program guide (EPG) information and thumbnail images per channel from a network operator server;
Mapping the received EPG information and channel-specific thumbnail images to the plurality of broadcast channels; And
And displaying information on the plurality of broadcast channels using EPG information and thumbnail images corresponding to the broadcast channels. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the EPG information and the thumbnail images for each channel are provided from the content provider server through the network operator server. The method of claim 1, wherein the EPG information includes
And meta data indicating broadcast information for each of the plurality of broadcast channels. The method according to claim 1,
The method may further include receiving from the user one of a first mode for displaying the EPG information, a second mode for displaying the thumbnail images for each channel, and a third mode for displaying the EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnail images in combination Channel information. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the EPG information and the thumbnail images for each channel are received using a communication method different from the broadcasting channel signal. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising receiving channel configuration information for each broadcast service from the network operator server. A tuner for selecting and receiving a broadcast signal of any one of a plurality of broadcast channels;
A network interface unit for receiving EPG information and thumbnail images for each channel;
A controller combining the received EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnail images to correspond to each of the plurality of broadcast channels; And
And a display unit for displaying information on the plurality of broadcast channels using EPG information and thumbnail images corresponding to the broadcast channels. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the network interface unit
Receiving EPG information and thumbnail images for each channel from a network operator server connected via a wired / wireless network,
Wherein the network operator server receives the EPG information and thumbnail images for each channel from a content provider server. 8. The method of claim 7,
A user interface unit for selecting one of a first mode for displaying the EPG information, a second mode for displaying thumbnail images for each channel, and a third mode for displaying the EPG information and the channel-specific thumbnail images in combination The display device 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the network interface unit
Receiving channel configuration information for each broadcasting service,
Wherein the channel information for each broadcast service includes at least one broadcast channel input from an external device connected to the display device. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the display unit
And displays information on a channel received from the external device in the information on the plurality of broadcast channels using the channel information for each broadcast service. 11. The method of claim 10,
And an external signal input unit for receiving a signal of a broadcast channel selected by the user from the external apparatus.

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