KR101674965B1 - Digital broadcasting system and method of processing data in digital broadcasting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an error-tolerant digital transmission system and a data processing method when transmitting mobile service data. To this end, the present invention performs additional coding on mobile service data and transmits the same. In addition, a known data string is inserted into the mobile service data area and transmitted. By doing so, the mobile service data received by the receiving system can be robust and can respond to fast channel changes strongly.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method,

The present invention relates to a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for transmitting and receiving digital broadcasting.

VSB (Vestigial Sideband) transmission system adopted as a digital broadcasting standard in North America and Korea in digital broadcasting is a single carrier system, so reception performance of a receiving system may be deteriorated in a poor channel environment. Particularly, in the case of a portable or mobile broadcast receiver, robustness against channel change and noise is further required, so that when the mobile service data is transmitted using the VSB transmission method, the reception performance is further degraded.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcast system and a data processing method that are robust against channel changes and noise.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for improving reception performance of a receiving system by performing additional coding on mobile service data and transmitting the same to a receiving system.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for improving reception performance of a receiving system by transmitting known data known by the promise of a transmitting / receiving side to a predetermined area of a data area and transmitting the data .

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for providing video scalability in a mobile broadcasting service.

In order to achieve the above object, a transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a service multiplexer and a transmitter. The service multiplexer may multiplex the mobile service data and the main service data at a predetermined data rate and transmit the multiplexed data to the transmitter. The transmitter may further perform encoding on the mobile service data transmitted from the service multiplexer, and may form a data group by collecting a plurality of encoded mobile service data packets. The transmitter may multiplex the main service data packet including the mobile service data packet including the mobile service data and the main service data in a packet unit and transmit the packet to the receiving system.

The data group can be divided into a plurality of areas according to the interference level of the main service data. It is possible to periodically insert a long known data sequence into an area where no interference occurs in the main service data. The receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention can use the known data sequence for demodulation and channel equalization.

The receiving system of the digital broadcasting system according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a signal receiving unit, a demodulating unit, a demultiplexer, and a decoder. The signal receiver includes a base layer and at least one upper layer, and receives a broadcast signal including a scalable video stream for a mobile service having a different identifier for each layer. The demodulator demodulates the scalable video stream of each layer among the received broadcast signals. The demultiplexer separates the video stream of the demodulated base layer by referring to the program table information, and outputs the separated video stream of at least one higher layer according to a predetermined condition. The decoder decodes a video stream of at least one layer separated and output by the demultiplexer.

The demultiplexer refers to the information included in the virtual channel table (VCT) among the program table information to check whether the inputted video stream is a scalable video stream for the mobile service, Layer video stream and output it for video decoding.

The demultiplexer may divide the video stream of at least one higher layer according to whether video decoding is possible, and output the video stream for video decoding.

The VCT may include at least information for identifying whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for a mobile service, and hierarchical information of the video stream.

The demultiplexer refers to the information included in the program map table (PMT) among the program table information to check whether the inputted video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile service, Layer video stream and output it for video decoding.

The PMT may include at least information for identifying whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for a mobile service, and hierarchical information of the video stream.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data processing method of a receiving system, which includes a base layer and at least one upper layer, and transmits a broadcast signal including a scalable video stream for a mobile service having a different identifier for each layer, Demodulating the scalable video stream of each layer among the received broadcast signals, separating and outputting the video stream of the demodulated base layer with reference to the program table information, and outputting at least one Dividing and outputting the video stream of the upper layer, and video-decoding the video stream of the at least one hierarchical layer.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The digital broadcasting system and the data processing method according to the present invention are advantageous in that they are robust against errors when transmitting mobile service data through a channel and compatible with existing receivers.

The present invention is advantageous in that mobile service data can be received without error even in a channel with ghost and severe noise.

The present invention can improve reception performance of a receiving system in an environment where a channel change is severe by inserting and transmitting known data at a specific location in a data area.

The present invention can reduce the power of the receiving system by multiplexing the mobile service data into the parade structure when multiplexing the main service data with the main service data.

The present invention makes it possible to support scalable video service on a mobile service, and the scalable video data of each layer can be selected and selected in a demultiplexer of a receiving system, thereby reducing a calculation amount of a video decoder.

The present invention is more effective when applied to portable and mobile receivers where channel changes are severe and robustness against noise is required.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an MPH frame structure for transmission and reception of mobile service data according to the present invention;
2 is a diagram showing an example of a general VSB frame structure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a mapping example of a first four-slot position of a subframe for one VSB frame in the spatial domain
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a mapping example of the first four slot positions of a subframe for one VSB frame in the time domain; FIG.
5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a structure of a data group after data interleaving according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 5
7 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a structure of a data group before data interleaving according to the present invention.
8 is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 7
9 is a diagram showing an example of a data grouping order allocated to one subframe among 5 subframes constituting an MPH frame according to the present invention.
10 is a diagram showing an example of assigning a single parade to one MPH frame according to the present invention
11 is a diagram showing an example of allocating three parades to one MPH frame according to the present invention
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example in which the allocation process of three parades in FIG. 11 is extended to five subframes
13 is a schematic block diagram of a transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the service multiplexer of FIG. 13
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the transmitter of FIG. 13
FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the preprocessor of FIG. 15
17 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the MPH frame encoder of FIG.
FIG. 18 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the RS frame encoder of FIG.
19 (a) and 19 (b) are diagrams showing a process in which one or two RS frames are divided into a plurality of potions according to the RS frame mode value according to the present invention, and each potion is assigned to each data group
20A to 20C are diagrams illustrating an error correction coding and error detection coding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
21 (a) to 21 (d) are diagrams showing a low-mix process in units of superframes according to an embodiment of the present invention
22 (a) and 22 (b) show an example in which one parade is composed of two RS frames
23 (a) and 23 (b) are views showing an embodiment of a process of dividing an RS frame to form a data group according to the present invention
24 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a block processor according to the present invention
25 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a convolutional encoder in a block processor according to the present invention;
26 is a diagram showing an example of symbol interleaving of a block processor according to the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the group formatter of FIG. 16
28 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a trellis encoder according to the present invention;
29 is a diagram showing an example of allocating a signaling information area to a part of a data group according to the present invention;
FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the signaling encoder of FIG. 16
31 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a syntax structure of TPC data according to the present invention;
32 is a diagram showing an example of a transmission scenario of TPC data and FIC data according to the present invention;
33 is a diagram showing an example for controlling the power supply in units of a parade according to the present invention;
34 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of a training sequence in a data group before Trellis coding according to the present invention;
35 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of a training sequence in a data group after Trellis coding according to the present invention;
36 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a demodulation unit in the reception system according to the present invention;
37 is a data structure diagram showing an example in which known data according to the present invention is periodically inserted into general data
38 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a demodulator according to the present invention
FIG. 39 is a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of the demodulator of FIG. 38
40 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a frequency offset estimator according to the present invention.
41 is a block diagram showing an example of a known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator according to the present invention
FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the partial correlator of FIG. 41
43 is a view showing an embodiment of a timing recovery unit according to the present invention.
Figures 44 (a) and 44 (b) show an embodiment for detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between the known data and the received signal
Figures 45 (a) and 45 (b) show another embodiment for detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between the known data and the received signal
FIG. 46 is a view illustrating a correlation value when there is a timing error; FIG.
47 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a timing error detector for detecting a timing error in a time domain;
48 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a timing error detector for detecting a timing frequency error;
49 is a detailed block diagram illustrating another embodiment of a timing error detector for detecting a timing frequency error;
50 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a DC remover according to the present invention;
FIG. 51 is a diagram showing an example of movement of input sample data of the DC estimator of FIG. 50;
52 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the DC remover according to the present invention
53 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention.
FIG. 54 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the residual carrier phase error estimator of FIG. 53; FIG.
FIG. 55 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the phase error detector of FIG. 54; FIG.
56 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the phase compensator of Fig. 54; Fig.
57 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the channel equalizer according to the present invention.
58 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention.
59 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention.
60 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a CIR estimator according to the present invention.
61 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a block decoder according to the present invention.
Fig. 62 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the feedback defreader of Fig. 61
63 (a) and 63 (b) are views showing an example of a process of collecting a plurality of potions and constructing one or two RS frames
64 and 65 are diagrams showing an embodiment of an error correction decoding process according to the present invention.
66 is a block diagram of an overall configuration of a reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
67 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a syntax structure for a virtual channel table according to the present invention;
68 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a service_type field according to the present invention;
69 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a syntax structure for a service location descriptor according to the present invention;
70 is a diagram showing examples of values and values that can be assigned to a stream_type field according to the present invention;
71 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a syntax structure for an event information table according to the present invention;
72 is a block diagram of an overall configuration of a receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
73 is a conceptual diagram of temporal scalability associated with continuous operation of a video stream;
74 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method of transmitting each layer data of scalable video according to the present invention;
75 is a conceptual diagram of a receiving system for receiving and processing scalable video data to which different PIDs are allocated for each layer according to the present invention,
76 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using VCT among program table information in a demultiplexer according to the present invention;
77 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor according to the present invention;
78 is a view showing an embodiment of values and values that can be assigned to a stream_type field according to the present invention;
79 shows an example of values and their definitions that may be assigned to the scalability_type field according to the present invention;
80 is a diagram showing an example of values and values that can be assigned to the frame_rate_code field according to the present invention;
81 shows an embodiment of the values and their definitions that may be assigned to the profile_idc field according to the present invention.
82 is a diagram showing an example of values and values that can be assigned to a level_idc field according to the present invention;
83 shows an embodiment of a method of processing scalable video data of each layer using VCT among program table information in a demultiplexer according to the present invention,
84 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using a PMT among program table information in a demultiplexer according to the present invention;
85 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor according to the present invention;
87 is a block diagram of a configuration of a receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The structure and operation of the present invention shown in the drawings and described by the drawings are described as at least one embodiment, and the technical ideas and the core structure and operation of the present invention are not limited thereby.

Definitions of terms used in the present invention

The terms used in the present invention are selected from general terms that are widely used in the present invention while considering the functions of the present invention. However, the terms may vary depending on the intention or custom of the artisan or the emergence of new technology. Also, in certain cases, there may be a term selected arbitrarily by the applicant, in which case the meaning thereof will be described in detail in the description of the corresponding invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the term used in the present invention should be defined based on the meaning of the term rather than the name of the term, and on the contents of the present invention throughout.

Among the terms used in the present invention, main service data may include audio / video (A / V) data as data that can be received by a fixed receiving system. That is, the main service data may include HD (High Definition) or SD (Standard Definition) A / V data, and various data for data broadcasting may be included. The known data is previously known data by the promise of the transmitting / receiving side.

Among the terms used in the present invention, MPH is the first letter of each of Mobile, Pedestrian, and Handheld, and is a concept opposite to fixed type. The MPH service data includes at least one of mobile service data, pedestrian service data, and handheld service data. For convenience of description, in the present invention, MPH service data is divided into mobile service data . In this case, the mobile service data may include not only the MPH service data but also service data indicating movement or carrying, so that the mobile service data will not be limited to the MPH service data.

The mobile service data defined above may be data having information such as a program executable file, stock information, etc., or A / V data. In particular, the mobile service data may be service data for a portable or mobile terminal (or broadcast receiver), and may be A / V data having a smaller resolution and smaller data rate than the main service data. For example, if the A / V codec used for the existing main service is an MPEG-2 codec, the A / V codec for mobile service may be MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), and Scalable Video Coding (SVC). Also, any kind of data can be transmitted with the mobile service data. For example, TPEG (Transport Protocol Expert Group) data for broadcasting traffic information in real time can be transmitted as mobile service data.

The data service using the mobile service data may include a weather service, a traffic service, a securities service, a viewer participation quiz program, a real-time opinion survey, an interactive education broadcast, a game service, a plot of a drama, Providing information on programs by service, media, hourly, or topic that enables information service for information, information on past competitions of sports, profiles and grades of athletes, and product information and orders Or the like, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

The transmission system according to the present invention is capable of multiplexing the main service data and the mobile service data on the same physical channel without any influence on receiving the main service data in the existing receiving system.

The transmission system of the present invention performs additional coding on the mobile service data and inserts known data, that is, known data, into both the transmitting and receiving sides.

With the transmission system according to the present invention, mobile service data can be received and received in the receiving system, and stable reception of mobile service data is possible even with various distortions and noises occurring in the channel.

MPH  Frame structure

The mobile service data of the present invention is multiplexed with the main service data in units of MPH frames, modulated into the VSB scheme, and transmitted to the reception system.

At this time, one MPH frame is composed of K1 subframes, and one subframe may be composed of K2 slots. Also, one slot may be composed of K3 data packets. In the present invention, K1 is set to 5, K2 is set to 16, and K3 is set to 156, as an embodiment. The values of K1, K2, and K3 suggested in the present invention are preferred embodiments or merely examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above values.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an MPH frame structure for transmitting and receiving mobile service data according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows an example in which one MPH frame is composed of 5 subframes, and one subframe is composed of 16 slots. In this case, one MPH frame includes 5 subframes and 80 slots.

One slot consists of 156 data packets (i.e., transport stream packets) at the packet level and 156 data segments at the symbol level. Or a half of the VSB field. That is, since one data packet of 207 bytes has the same amount of data as one data segment, a data packet before data interleaving can be used as a concept of a data segment.

At this time, two VSB fields are gathered to form one VSB frame.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a VSB frame structure. One VSB frame is composed of two VSB fields (i.e., an odd field and an even field). Each VSB field is composed of one field sync segment and 312 data segments.

The slot is a basic time period for multiplexing mobile service data and main service data. One slot may include mobile service data, or may consist of only main service data.

If one MPH frame is transmitted during one slot, the first 118 data packets in the slot correspond to one data group, and the remaining 38 packets become the main service data packet. As another example, if there is no data group in one slot, the slot is made up of 156 main service data packets.

On the other hand, when the slots are assigned to VSB frames, they have offsets at their positions.

FIG. 3 shows a mapping example of a first 4-slot position of a subframe in a space region with respect to one VSB frame. FIG. 4 shows a mapping example of a first 4-slot position of a subframe in a time domain for one VSB frame.

3 and 4, the 38th data packet (# 37) of the first slot (Slot # 0) is mapped to the first data packet of the od VSB field and the 38th data packet The packet # 37 is mapped to the 157th data packet of the odd VSB field. The 38th data packet (# 37) of the third slot (Slot # 2) is mapped to the first data packet of the even VSB field and the 38th data packet (# 37) of the fourth slot And is mapped to the 157th data packet of the even VSB field. Likewise, the remaining 12 slots in the subframe are mapped in the same way to the following VSB frame.

On the other hand, one data group can be divided into one or more layered areas, and the type of mobile service data inserted in each area can be changed according to the characteristics of each layered area. Each area in the data group can be classified based on the reception performance in the data group as an example.

In the present invention, one data group is divided into A, B, C, and D regions in a data structure after data interleaving.

FIG. 5 shows the data interleaved after being interleaved, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the data group of FIG. 5 to help understand the present invention. FIG. 7 shows data before data interleaving. FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the data group of FIG. 7 to help understand the present invention. That is, the data structure as shown in FIG. 5 is transmitted to the receiving system. In other words, one data packet is data interleaved and distributed over several data segments to the receiving system. 5 shows an example in which one data group is distributed over 170 data segments. In this case, since one data packet of 207 bytes has the same data amount as one data segment, a packet before data interleaving is used as a concept of a segment.

FIG. 5 shows an example of dividing a data group into 10 MPH blocks (MPH blocks B1 to B10) in the data structure after data interleaving. And each MPH block has a length of 16 segments as an embodiment. In FIG. 5, only the RS parity data is allocated to a part of the 5 segments preceding the MPH block B1 and the 5 segments after the MPH block B10, and is excluded from the A area to the D area of the data group.

That is, if it is assumed that one data group is divided into A, B, C, and D regions, each MPH block may be included in any one of the A region to the D region according to the characteristics of each MPH block in the data group . In this case, each of the MPH blocks may be included in any one of the A region to the D region according to the degree of interference of the main service data.

The reason why the data group is divided into a plurality of regions is to differentiate each use. That is, a region where there is no interference of the main service data or a region where there is no interference can show robust reception performance than the region where no interference occurs. In addition, when a system for inserting known data known by the promise of a transmitting / receiving end into a data group and transmitting the data is applied, when it is desired to periodically insert consecutively long base data into mobile service data, It is possible to periodically insert a known length of known data into an area where there is no interference of data (that is, an area where main service data is not mixed). However, it is difficult to periodically insert the known data due to the interference of the main service data in the area where interference of the main service data exists, and it is also difficult to continuously insert the known data.

The MPH block B4 to MPH block B7 in the data group of FIG. 5 shows an example where long known data string is inserted before and after each MPH block as an area without interference of main service data. In the present invention, the area A (= B4 + B5 + B6 + B7) including the MPH block B4 to the MPH block B7 will be described. As described above, in the case of the A region having the known data sequence for each MPH block, the receiving system can perform equalization using the channel information obtained from the known data. Thus, the most robust equalization performance of the A region to the D region I can get it.

The MPH block B3 and the MPH block B8 in the data group of FIG. 5 are areas where interference of the main service data is small, and an example in which a long known data string is inserted into only one of both MPH blocks is shown. That is, due to the interference of the main service data, the MPH block B3 inserts a long known data string only after the corresponding MPH block, and the MPH block B8 inserts a long known data string only in front of the corresponding MPH block. In the present invention, the MPH block B3 and the MPH block B8 are referred to as a B area (= B3 + B8). As described above, in the case of the B region having the known data sequence in only one of the MPH blocks, the receiving system can perform equalization using the channel information obtained from the known data. Thus, the equalization performance Can be obtained.

The MPH block B2 and the MPH block B9 in the data group of Fig. 5 have more interference of the main service data than the area B, and it is impossible to insert a long known data sequence back and forth in both MPH blocks. In the present invention, the MPH block B2 and the MPH block B9 are referred to as a C region (= B2 + B9).

In the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10 in the data group of Fig. 5, the interference of the main service data is larger than the area C, and similarly, it is impossible to insert a long known data row back and forth in both MPH blocks. In the present invention, the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10 are referred to as a D area (= B1 + B10). Since the C / D region is far away from the known data sequence, the reception performance may be poor if the channel changes rapidly.

7 shows an example in which 118 packets are allocated as one data group as a data structure before data interleaving. The data group in FIG. 7 includes 37 packets in the forward direction based on the reference packet, for example, the first packet (or data segment) or the 157th packet (or data segment) after field synchronization, And 118 packets including 81 packets (including the reference packet) in the backward direction.

5, field synchronization is located between the MPH block B2 and the MPH block B3, which means that the slot has an offset of 37 data packets for the corresponding VSB field.

The size of the data group, the number of layered areas in the data group and the size of each area, the number of MPH blocks included in each area, the size of each MPH block, and the like are only examples for describing the present invention The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a data group allocation procedure to be assigned to one subframe among five subframes constituting an MPH frame. For example, the method of allocating data groups may be applied to all MPH frames equally or may be different for each MPH frame. The same applies to all subframes within one MPH frame, or may be applied to each subframe differently. Assuming that the allocation of the data group is applied to all the subframes in the MPH frame at the same time, the number of data groups allocated to one MPH frame is a multiple of 5.

And consecutively allocating a plurality of data groups as far apart as possible in a subframe. This makes it possible to strongly respond to burst errors that may occur in one subframe.

For example, assuming that three groups are allocated to one subframe, the first slot (Slot # 0), the fifth slot (Slot # 4) and the ninth slot (Slot # 8) do. FIG. 9 shows an example in which 16 data groups are allocated to one subframe by applying the allocation rule. In this case, 0, 8, 4, 12, 1, 9, 5, 14, 3, 11, 7, and 15, respectively.

Equation (1) is a mathematical expression of rules for assigning data groups to one subframe as described above.

Here, j is a slot number in one subframe and may have a value between 0 and 15. The i is a group number and may have a value between 0 and 15.

In the present invention, a collection of data groups included in one MPH frame is referred to as a parade. The parade transmits data of one or more specific RS frames according to the RS frame mode.

The mobile service data in one RS frame may be all allocated to the A / B / C / D area in the data group or may be allocated to at least one area of the A / B / C / D area. In one embodiment, mobile service data in one RS frame is all allocated to an A / B / C / D area or allocated to only one of an A / B area and a C / D area. That is, in the latter case, the RS frame allocated to the A / B area in the data group is different from the RS frame allocated to the C / D area. For convenience of explanation, the RS frame allocated to the A / B area in the data group is referred to as a primary RS frame, and the RS frame allocated to the C / D area is referred to as a secondary RS frame frame. The primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame constitute one parade. That is, if mobile service data in one RS frame is all allocated in the A / B / C / D area in the data group, one parade transmits one RS frame. On the other hand, if the mobile service data in one RS frame is allocated to the A / B area in the data group and the mobile service data in the other RS frame is allocated to the C / D area in the corresponding data group, RS frames.

That is, the RS frame mode indicates whether one parade transmits one RS frame or two RS frames.

Table 1 below shows an example of the RS frame mode.

RS Frame mode Description 00 There is only a primary RS Frame
for all Group Regions 01 There are two separate RS Frames
- Primary RS Frame for Group A and B
- Secondary RS Frame for Group Region C and D 10 Reserved 11 Reserved

In Table 1, 2 bits are allocated to indicate the RS frame mode. Referring to Table 1, if the RS frame mode value is 00, it indicates that one parade transmits one RS frame. If the RS frame mode value is 01, one parade is transmitted to two RS frames, that is, primary RS Frame (Primary RS frame) and a secondary RS frame (Secondary RS frame). That is, when the RS frame mode value is 01, the data of the primary RS frame for region A / B for the A / B region is allocated and transmitted to the A / B region of the data group, And the data of the secondary RS frame (region C / D) for the region is assigned to the C / D region of the corresponding data group and is transmitted.

As in the case of the allocation of the data group, the parades are allocated as far as possible in the subframe as one embodiment. This makes it possible to strongly respond to burst errors that may occur in one subframe.

And the parade allocation method can be applied differently according to the MPH frame based on the MPH frame, and the same applies to all the MPH frames. The same applies to all subframes within one MPH frame, or may be applied to each subframe differently. The present invention is applicable to all subframes within one MPH frame, and may be applied to all subframes within an MPH frame. That is, the MPH frame structure can be changed in units of MPH frames, which allows the ensemble data rate to be adjusted frequently and resiliently.

10 is a diagram showing an example of assigning a single parade to one MPH frame. That is, FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a single parade with three data groups included in one subframe is allocated to one MPH frame.

Referring to FIG. 10, when three data groups are sequentially allocated in a 4-slot period in one subframe, and this process is performed on 5 subframes in the corresponding MPH frame, 15 data groups are allocated to one MPH frame do. Here, the 15 data groups are data groups included in one parade. Therefore, one subframe is composed of four VSB frames, but one subframe includes three data groups. Therefore, a data group of the parade is allocated to one VSB frame of four VSB frames in one subframe Do not.

For example, assuming that one parade transmits one RS frame, RS encoding is performed in the RS frame encoder of the subsequent RS frame, and 24 bytes of parity data is added to the corresponding RS frame for transmission. The specific gravity occupied by the parity data among the lengths of the entire RS codeword is about 11.37% (= 24 / (187 + 24) x 100). Meanwhile, when three data groups are included in one subframe and data groups within one parade are allocated as shown in FIG. 10, since 15 data groups form one RS frame, one burst Even if all the groups are in error, the percentage of them is 6.67% (= 1/15 x 100). Therefore, in the receiving system, all errors can be corrected by erausre RS decoding. That is, if erasure RS decoding is performed, channel errors corresponding to the number of RS parities can be corrected. Therefore, it is possible to correct all byte errors in RS codewords equal to or less than the number of RS parities. In this way, the receiving system can correct errors of at least one data group in one parade. The minimum burst noise length that can be corrected by one RS frame is equal to or greater than one VSB frame (i.e., the minimum burst noise length is correctable by a VSB frame).

On the other hand, when data groups for one parade are allocated as shown in FIG. 10, main service data may be allocated between data groups and data groups of other parades may be allocated. That is, data groups for a plurality of parades may be allocated to one MPH frame.

Basically, the assignment of data groups to multiple parades is not different from that of a single parade. In other words, data groups in other parades allocated to one MPH frame are also allocated in each of 4-slot periods.

At this time, the data group of another parade may be allocated in a circular manner from a slot to which the data group of the previous parade is not allocated.

For example, assuming that the allocation of data groups for one parade is made as shown in FIG. 10, the data group for the next parade is allocated from the 12th slot in one subframe. This is an example, and for another example, the data group of the next parade may be sequentially allocated in another slot in one subframe, for example, from the third slot to the fourth slot period.

FIG. 11 shows an example of transmitting three parities (Parade # 0, Parade # 1, Parade # 2) to one MPH frame. Particularly, parade transmission of one subframe among five subframes For example.

If the first parade includes three data groups per subframe, the positions of the groups in the subframe can be obtained by substituting 0 to 2 for the i value of Equation (1). That is, the data groups of the first parade are sequentially allocated to the first, fifth, and ninth slots (Slot # 0, Slot # 4, Slot # 8) in the subframe.

Assuming that the second parade includes two data groups per subframe, the positions of the groups in the subframe can be obtained by substituting 3 to 4 in the i value of Equation (1). That is, the data groups of the second parade are sequentially allocated to the second and twelfth slots (Slot # 1, Slot # 11) in the subframe.

Also, if the third parade includes two groups per subframe, the positions of the groups in the subframe can be obtained by substituting 5 to 6 for the i value of Equation (1). That is, the data groups of the third parade are sequentially allocated to the seventh and eleventh slots (Slot # 6, Slot # 10) in the subframe.

In this way, data groups for a plurality of parades can be allocated to one MPH frame, and the allocation of data groups in one subframe is performed in serial from left to right with a group space of 4 slots.

Therefore, the number of groups of one parade per sub-frame (NOG) that can be assigned to one subframe can be any one of integers from 1 to 8. In this case, since one MPH frame includes 5 subframes, it means that the number of data groups of one parade that can be allocated to one MPH frame can be any one of multiples of 5 from 5 to 40 do.

FIG. 12 shows an example in which the allocation process of three parades in FIG. 11 is extended to five subframes in one MPH frame.

A brief description of the transmission system

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a transmission system for applying the present invention having the above-described structure, and may include a service multiplexer 100 and a transmitter 200. FIG.

Here, the service multiplexer 100 is located in a studio of each broadcasting station, and the transmitter 200 is located in a site away from the studio. At this time, the transmitter 200 may be located in a plurality of different areas. And, in one embodiment, the plurality of transmitters may share the same frequency, in which case the plurality of transmitters all transmit the same signal. Then, in the receiving system, the channel equalizer compensates the signal distortion due to the reflected wave to restore the original signal. In another embodiment, the plurality of transmitters may have different frequencies for the same channel.

Various methods may be used for the data communication between the service multiplexer and each remote transmission station, and an interface standard such as SMPTE-310M (Synchronous Serial Interface for transport of MPEG-2 data) may be used . In the SMPTE-310M interface standard, the output data rate of the service multiplexer is fixed at a constant data rate. For example, it is set at 19.39 Mbps for 8VSB and 38.78 Mbps for 16VSB. Also, in the conventional 8VSB transmission system, a transport stream (TS) packet having a data rate of about 19.39 Mbps can be transmitted to one physical channel. Even in the transmitter according to the present invention, which is backward compatible with the existing transmission system, the mobile service data is further encoded and then multiplexed with the main service data in the form of a TS packet. At this time, The rate is about 19.39 Mbps.

At this time, the service multiplexer 100 receives at least one kind of mobile service data and PSI (Program Specific Information) / PSIP (table and program information) for each mobile service, Encapsulation. ≪ / RTI > Also, the service multiplexer 100 receives at least one kind of main service data and PSI / PSIP table data for each main service, and encapsulates the main service data into a TS packet. And multiplexes the TS packets according to a preset multiplexing rule and outputs the multiplexed TS packets to the transmitter 200.

Service multiplexer

FIG. 14 is a detailed block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the service multiplexer, which includes a controller 110 for controlling overall operation of the service multiplexer, a PSI / PSIP generator 120 for a main service, A null packet generator 140, a mobile service multiplexer 150, and a transport multiplexer 160. The PSI / PSIP generator 130,

The transport multiplexer 160 may include a main service multiplexer 161 and a transport stream (TS) packet multiplexer 162.

Referring to FIG. 14, at least one kind of compression-encoded main service data and PSI / PSIP table data generated by the PSI / PSIP generator 120 for the main service are transmitted to the main service multiplexer 161). The main service multiplexer 161 encapsulates the main service data and the PSI / PSIP table data in the form of an MPEG-2 TS packet, multiplexes the TS packets and transmits the main service data and the PSI / PSIP table data to a TS packet multiplexer 162, . The data packet output from the main service multiplexer 161 will be referred to as a main service data packet for convenience of explanation.

Also, at least one kind of compression-coded mobile service data and PSI / PSIP table data generated by the PSI / PSIP generator 130 for the mobile service are input to the mobile service multiplexer 150.

The mobile service multiplexer 150 encapsulates the input mobile service data and the PSI / PSIP table data in the form of an MPEG-2 TS packet, multiplexes the TS packets and transmits the multiplexed TS packets to a TS packet multiplexer 162, . The data packet output from the mobile service multiplexer 150 will be referred to as a mobile service data packet for convenience of explanation.

At this time, the transmitter 200 needs identification information to separate and process the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet. The identification information may be a predetermined value in accordance with the promise of the transmitting / receiving side, may be composed of separate data, or may be used by modifying a value of a predetermined position in the data packet.

In an embodiment of the present invention, different PIDs (Packet Identifiers) may be allocated to the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet, respectively.

In another embodiment, by modifying the synchronization byte in the header of the mobile service data packet, the synchronization byte value of the service data packet can be used to distinguish the mobile service data packet. For example, the synchronous byte of the main service data packet is output without modification as it is defined in ISO / IEC13818-1 (for example, 0x47), and the synchronous byte of the mobile service data packet is transformed and output, It is possible to distinguish between the data packet and the mobile service data packet. Conversely, the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet can be distinguished by modifying the synchronization byte of the main service data packet and outputting the synchronization byte of the mobile service data packet without modification.

There are various methods for modifying the sync byte. For example, the synchronization byte may be inverted bit by bit, or only some bits may be inverted.

As described above, the identification information for distinguishing the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet can be any one, and therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

Meanwhile, the transport multiplexer 160 can use the transport multiplexer used in the existing digital broadcasting system as it is. That is, to multiplex the mobile service data with the main service data, the data rate of the main service is limited to a data rate of (19.39-K) Mbps, and K Mbps corresponding to the remaining data rate is allocated to the mobile service. By doing so, the already used transport multiplexer can be used without modification.

The transport multiplexer 160 multiplexes the main service data packet output from the main service multiplexer 161 and the mobile service data packet output from the mobile service multiplexer 150 and transmits the multiplexed main service data packet to the transmitter 200.

However, it may happen that the output data rate of the mobile service multiplexer 150 is less than K Mbps. In this case, the mobile service multiplexer 150 multiplexes and outputs null data packets generated in the null packet generator 140 such that the output data rate becomes K Mbps. That is, the null packet generator 140 generates a null data packet to output the output data rate of the mobile service multiplexer 150 to the mobile service multiplexer 150 in order to keep the output data rate constant.

For example, if K Mbps of 19.39 Mbps is assigned to mobile service data in the service multiplexer 100 and the remaining (19.39-K) Mbps is allocated to main service data, the service multiplexer 100 ), The data rate of the mobile service data multiplexed is smaller than K Mbps. This is because, in the case of the mobile service data, the amount of data is increased by performing additional encoding in a pre-processor of the transmitter. As a result, the data rate of the mobile service data that can be transmitted by the service multiplexer 100 becomes smaller than K Mbps.

For example, the preprocessor of the transmitter performs coding of at least a half coding rate for mobile service data, so that the amount of output data of the preprocessor becomes twice as much as the amount of input data. Therefore, the sum of the data rate of the main service data multiplexed by the service multiplexer 100 and the data rate of the mobile service data is always smaller than or equal to 19.39 Mbps.

In this case, in order to set the final output data rate output from the service multiplexer 100 to a constant data rate (for example, 19.39 Mbps), the null packet generator 140 generates a null data packet by a data rate that is insufficient And outputs it to the mobile service multiplexer 150.

Then, the mobile service multiplexer 150 encapsulates the input mobile service data and the PSI / PSIP table data in the form of MPEG-2 TS packets, multiplexes the TS packets and the null data packets, And outputs it to the packet multiplexer 162.

The TS packet multiplexer 162 multiplexes the main service data packet output from the main service multiplexer 161 and the mobile service data packet output from the mobile service multiplexer 150 and transmits the main service data packet to the transmitter 200 at a data rate of 19.39 Mbps send.

In the present invention, the mobile service multiplexer 150 receives a null data packet. In another embodiment, the TS packet multiplexer 162 may receive a null data packet and adjust the final data rate to a constant data rate. The output path of the null data packet and the multiplexing rule are controlled by the control unit 110. The controller 110 controls the multiplexing in the main service multiplexer 161 and the TS packet multiplexer 162 of the mobile service multiplexer 150, the transport multiplexer 160 and the multiplexing in the null packet generator 140 And controls the generation of null data packets.

At this time, the transmitter 200 discards the null data packet transmitted from the service multiplexer 100 without transmitting it to the receiving system.

In order for the transmitter 200 to discard the null data packet without transmitting it, identification information that can distinguish the null data packet is required. The identification information for identifying the null data packet may be a predetermined value or may be composed of separate data depending on the promise of the transmitting / receiving side. For example, the synchronization byte value in the header of the null data packet may be modified and used as identification information, or a transport_error_indicator flag may be used as identification information.

In the present invention, the transport_error_indicator flag of a header in a null data packet is used as identification information for distinguishing a null data packet. In this case, the transport_error_indicator flag of the null data packet is set to '1', and the transport_error_indicator flag of all the data packets other than the null data packet is reset to '0' to distinguish the null data packet. That is, when the null data packet is generated in the null packet generator 140, if the transport_error_indicator flag is set to '1' in the header field of the null data packet, the transmitter 200 can distinguish it.

Since the identification information for identifying the null data packet can be classified into null data packets, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one table of at least a part of the null data packet or a PSI / PSIP table for a mobile service or an operation and maintenance (OM) packet (or an OMP) May be included. In this case, the transmitter 200 extracts the transmission parameters and outputs the extracted transmission parameters to the corresponding block. If necessary, the transmission parameters are also transmitted to the receiving system.

That is, a packet called an Operations and Maintenance Packet (OMP) is defined for the purpose of operation and management of the transmission system. For example, the OMP conforms to the format of the MPEG-2 TS packet and the corresponding PID has a value of 0x1FFA. The OMP consists of a header of 4 bytes and a payload of 184 bytes. The first byte of the 184 bytes is an OM_type field, which indicates the type of the OM packet.

In the present invention, the transmission parameter can be transmitted in the form of OMP. In this case, it is possible to inform that the transmission parameter is transmitted as OMP to the transmitter 200 by using a predetermined value among the unused field values of the OM_type field. That is, the transmitter 200 can find the OMP by looking at the PID. The OM_type field in the OMP can be parsed to know whether or not the transmission parameter is included after the OM_type field of the corresponding packet.

The transmission parameters are additional information necessary for processing mobile service data in the transmission / reception system. For example, the transmission parameters include data group information, region information within a data group, block information, RS frame information, , MPH frame information, parade information, ensemble information, serial concatenated convolution code (SCCC) related information, RS code information, and the like. The meaning of each information in the transmission parameter is described in detail in the foregoing, and information not described in detail in the foregoing will be described in detail later.

The transmission parameters include information on how signals in the symbol region are encoded in order to transmit the mobile service data, multiplex information on how the main service data is multiplexed with mobile service data or various types of mobile service data, and the like .

The information included in the transmission parameter is merely an example for facilitating understanding of the present invention. Addition and deletion of information included in the transmission parameter can be easily changed by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment I will not.

The transmission parameters may be provided from the service multiplexer 100 to the transmitter 200 or may be set in the controller 200 itself or received from the transmitter 200 itself.

transmitter

15 is a block diagram of a transmitter 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The transmitter 200 includes a controller 200, a demultiplexer 210, a packet jitter mitigator 220, a pre- Processor 230, a packet multiplexer 240, a post-processor 250, a synchronous multiplexer 260, and a transmission unit 270.

When the data packet is received from the service multiplexer 100, the demultiplexer 210 should distinguish whether the received data packet is a main service data packet, a mobile service data packet, or a null data packet.

In one embodiment, the demultiplexer 210 can distinguish a mobile service data packet from a main service data packet using a PID in a received data packet, and distinguish a null data packet using a transport_error_indicator field.

The main service data packet separated by the demultiplexer 210 is output to the packet jitter separator 220, the mobile service data packet is output to the preprocessor 230, and the null data packet is discarded. If the null data packet includes the transmission parameter, the transmission parameter is extracted and output to the corresponding block, and the null data packet is discarded.

The pre-processor 230 demultiplexes the mobile service data in the mobile service data packet demultiplexed and output by the demultiplexer 210, and transmits the mobile service data to a mobile station A data group forming process is performed. This is to ensure that the mobile service data responds quickly and robustly to noise and channel changes. The preprocessor 230 may refer to the transmission parameter at the time of further encoding. Also, the preprocessor 230 forms a data group by collecting a plurality of mobile service data packets, and allocates the base data, the mobile service data, the RS parity data, the MPEG header, and the like to the predetermined area in the data group.

The preprocessor in the transmitter

16 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the preprocessor 230 according to the present invention. The MPH frame encoder 301, the block processor 302, the group formatter 303, the signaling encoder 305, A formatter 305 may be included.

The MPH frame coder 301 in the preprocessor 230 configured as described above forms a RS frame after dynamically rendering the mobile service data input to the demultiplexer 210 and performs encoding for error correction on an RS frame basis do. The MPH frame encoder 301 may include one or more RS frame encoders. That is, the RS frame encoders may be provided in parallel for the number of parades in the MPH frame. As described above, an MPH frame is a basic time period for transmitting one or more parades. Each parade is made up of one or two RS frames.

17 is a conceptual block diagram showing an embodiment of the MPH frame encoder 301. The MPH frame encoder 301 includes an input demultiplexer 309, M RS frame encoders 310 to 31M-1 ), And an output mux 320. [0033] Where M is the number of parades in one MPH frame.

The demultiplexer 309 demultiplexes the input ensembles, determines an RS frame to which the separated ensemble is to be input, and outputs the separated ensemble as a corresponding RS frame. At this time, the ensemble may be mapped to each RS frame encoder or parade. For example, if one parade is composed of one RS frame, the ensemble, RS frame and parade can be mapped to 1: 1 respectively.

That is, the data in one ensemble constitutes one RS frame. One RS frame is divided into a plurality of data groups. At this time, according to the RS frame mode of Table 1, data in one RS frame may be all allocated to A / B / C / D regions in a plurality of data groups or allocated to A / B regions or C / D regions have.

If the RS frame mode value is 01, that is, if the data of the primary RS frame is allocated to the A / B area in the data group and the data in the secondary RS frame is allocated to the C / D area within the data group, The frame encoder forms a primary RS frame and a secondary RS frame for each parade. On the contrary, if the RS frame mode value is 00, that is, if the data of the primary RS frame is all allocated to the A / B / C / D area in the data group, each RS frame encoder outputs one RS frame for each parade, To form a primary RS frame.

Each of the RS frame encoders separates each RS frame into a plurality of portions. Each portion of the RS frame corresponds to an amount of data that can be transmitted by one data group. The multiplexer 320 multiplexes parts in the M RS frames 310 to 31M-1 and outputs the multiplexed parts to the block processor 302. [

For example, if one parade transmits two RS frames, the portions of the primary RS frame in the M RS frames 310 to 31M-1 are multiplexed and output, and the portions of the secondary RS frame are multiplexed .

The demultiplexer 309 and the multiplexer 320 operate according to a control signal of the controller 200. [ The controller 200 may provide necessary FEC modes to each RS frame encoder. Examples of the FEC mode include an RS code mode and the like, which will be described later in detail.

18 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of one RS frame encoder among a plurality of RS frame encoders in the MPH frame encoder.

One RS frame encoder may include a primary encoder 410 and a secondary encoder 420. Here, the secondary encoder 420 may be operated according to the RS frame mode or not. For example, if the RS frame mode is 00 as shown in Table 1, the secondary encoder 420 does not operate.

The primary encoder 410 may include a data randomizer 411, an RS-CRC encoder 412, and an RS frame divider 413. The secondary encoder 420 may include a data randomizer 421, an RS-CRC encoder 422, and an RS frame divider 423.

That is, the data randomizer 411 of the primary encoder 410 receives and renders the primary ensemble mobile service data output from the demultiplexer 309, and outputs the data to the RS-CRC encoder 412. At this time, the data renderer 411 performs rendering on the mobile service data, so that the data renderer 251 of the post-processor 250 can skip the process of rendering the mobile service data. The data renderer 411 may discard the synchronization byte in the mobile service data packet and perform rendering. Alternatively, rendering may be performed without discarding the sync byte, which is optional for the designer. According to an embodiment of the present invention, randomizing is performed without discarding synchronization bytes in the mobile service data packet.

The RS-CRC encoder 412 performs FEC (Forward Error Correction) coding using at least one of RS (Reed-Solomon) and CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) codes to the rendered primary ensemble to form a primary RS frame And outputs it to the RS frame divider 413.

That is, the RS-CRC encoder 412 forms an RS frame by collecting a plurality of mobile service data packets input as randomized and performs at least one of an error correction encoding process and an error detection encoding process on an RS frame basis . In this way, robustness is given to mobile service data, and congestion errors caused by radio wave environment change are suppressed, so that it is possible to cope with extremely poor and rapidly changing radio wave environment.

In addition, the RS-CRC encoder 412 may combine a plurality of RS frames to form a super frame, and may perform row permutation on a super frame basis. The low permutation is also referred to as low interleaving, and will be referred to as low mixing in the present invention for convenience of explanation.

That is, when the RS-CRC encoder 412 performs a process of mixing each row of the super frame in a preset rule, the positions of the rows before and after the low-mix are different in the super frame. Even if an error that can not be corrected is contained in one RS frame to be decoded because a section in which a large number of errors occur is very long in the super-frame-by-super-frame blurring, these errors are distributed throughout the super frame, The decoding capability is improved.

The RS-CRC encoder 412 applies RS coding for error correction coding and CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) coding for error detection coding. When the RS coding is performed, parity data to be used for error correction is generated, and CRC coding is performed to generate CRC data to be used for error detection.

The CRC data generated by the CRC encoding can be used to indicate whether the mobile service data is transmitted through the channel and is damaged by an error. The present invention may use other error detection coding methods other than CRC coding, or may improve the overall error correction capability on the receiving side by using an error correction coding method.

The RS-CRC encoder 412 refers to the transmission parameters provided in advance through the controller 200 and / or the transmission parameters provided by the service multiplexer 100, and performs RS frame configuration, RS coding, CRC Encoding, a super frame configuration, a low frame rate super frame, or the like can be performed.

19 is a diagram illustrating a process of assigning one or two RS frames to a plurality of potions according to an RS frame mode value and assigning each potion to a corresponding area in a corresponding data group.

That is, FIG. 19A shows a case where the RS frame mode is 00, and only the primary encoder 410 operates in FIG. 18 to form one RS frame for one parade. One RS frame is divided into a plurality of potions, and the data of each potion is allocated to the A / B / C / D area in the corresponding data group.

FIG. 19B shows a case where the RS frame mode is 01. In FIG. 18, both the primary encoder 410 and the secondary encoder 420 operate to generate two RS frames, that is, a primary RS frame And a secondary RS frame. The primary RS frame is also divided into a plurality of potions, and the secondary RS frame is divided into a plurality of potions. At this time, the data of each primary RS frame position is allocated to the A / B area in the corresponding data group, and the data of each secondary RS frame position is allocated to the C / D area in the corresponding data group.

RS  A specific description of the frame

20 (a) shows an example of an RS frame generated by the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the present invention.

In one RS frame, the length of the column (that is, the number of rows) is 187 bytes, and the length of the row (i.e., the number of columns) is N bytes.

At this time, the number N of the columns in one RS frame is determined according to the following equation (2).

는 X 이하의 가장 큰 정수이다. In Equation (2), NoG is the number of data groups allocated to one subframe, PL is the number of SCCC payload bytes allocated to one data group, and P is the number of RS parity bytes added to each column of the RS frame The number. And

Is the largest integer less than or equal to X.

In Equation (2), PL is the RS frame portion length, which is equal to the number of SCCC payload bytes allocated to the data group. The PL may vary according to the RS frame mode, the SCCC block mode, and the SCCC outer code mode. Tables 2 to 5 below illustrate examples of PL values depending on the RS frame mode, the SCCC block mode, and the SCCC outer code mode. A detailed description of the SCCC block mode and the SCCC outer code mode will be described later.

SCCC outer code mode PL for Region A for Region B for Region C for Region D 00 00 00 00 9624 00 00 00 01 9372 00 00 01 00 8886 00 00 01 01 8634 00 01 00 00 8403 00 01 00 01 8151 00 01 01 00 7665 00 01 01 01 7413 01 00 00 00 7023 01 00 00 01 6771 01 00 01 00 6285 01 00 01 01 6033 01 01 00 00 5802 01 01 00 01 5550 01 01 01 00 5064 01 01 01 01 4812 Others Reserved

Table 2 shows an example of the PL value of each data group in the RS frame according to the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 00 and the SCCC block mode value is 00. [

For example, assuming that the SCCC outer code mode values of the A / B / C / D areas in the data group are respectively 00 (i.e., coding of 1/2 coding rate is performed in the block processor 302 in the subsequent stage) The PL value in each data group of the RS frame can be 9624 bytes. That is, mobile service data of 9624 bytes in one RS frame can be allocated to the A / B / C / D area of the corresponding data group.

        SCCC outer code mode                    PL 00 9624 01 4812 Others Reserved

Table 3 shows an example of the PL value of each data group in the RS frame according to the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 00 and the SCCC block mode value is 01. [

                      SCCC outer code mode                      PL for Region A for Region B 00 00 7644 00 01 6423 01 00 5043 01 01 3822 Others Reserved

Table 4 shows an example of the PL value of the primary RS frame varying according to the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 01 and the SCCC block mode value is 00. [ For example, if the SCCC outer code mode value of the A / B area is 00 each, 7644 bytes of mobile service data in the primary RS frame can be allocated to the A / B area of the corresponding data group.

                        SCCC outer code mode          PL for Region C for Region D 00 00 1980 00 01 1728 01 00 1242 01 01 990 Others Reserved

Table 5 shows an example of the PL value of the secondary RS frame which varies according to the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 01 and the SCCC block mode value is 00. [ For example, if the SCCC outer code mode value of the C / D area is 00 each, 1980 bytes of mobile service data in the secondary RS frame can be allocated to the C / D area of the corresponding data group.

In the present invention, the N is equal to or greater than 187 as one embodiment. That is, the RS frame in FIG. 20A has N (row) x 187 (column) bytes.

That is, the RS-CRC encoder 412 firstly divides input mobile service data bytes into units of a predetermined length. The predetermined length is a value determined by the system designer. In the present invention, 187 bytes will be described as an embodiment. For convenience of description, the 187 byte unit will be referred to as a packet.

For example, the incoming mobile service data may be an MPEG transport stream packet composed of 188 bytes, or may be an IP datagram. Or an IP datagram may be encapsulated in a TS packet in units of 188 bytes.

If the input mobile service data is an MPEG transport stream (TS) packet of 188 bytes unit, the first synchronization byte is removed to form one packet with 187 bytes, and N packets are gathered to form an RS frame. The reason for removing the sync byte here is that all mobile service data packets have the same value. On the other hand, when the input mobile service data is not in the format of MPEG TS packets, the mobile service data may be input N times in units of 187 bytes without removing the MPEG synchronization byte to form an RS frame.

If the input data format of the RS frame supports both the MPEG TS packet and the non-MPEG TS packet, the information can be transmitted to the transmitter 200 in the transmission parameter transmitted from the service multiplexer 100. Then, the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the transmitter 200 receives this information and can control whether to perform removal of the MPEG synchronous byte. The transmitter provides this information to the receiving system, It is possible to control whether or not the MPEG synchronous byte is inserted. The synchronous byte removal may be performed at the time of rendering in the data renderer 411 at the previous stage. In this case, the synchronous byte removing process is omitted in the RS-CRC encoder 412, and the synchronizer byte can be added in the receiving system by the data derandomizer instead of the RS frame decoder.

Therefore, if there is no removable fixed byte (e.g., synchronization byte) in the mobile service data packet input to the RS-CRC encoder 412, or if the input mobile service data is not a TS packet type, The service data is divided into units of 187 bytes, and one packet is formed in units of 187 bytes divided.

Then, N packets of 187 bytes are collected to form one RS frame. At this time, the configuration of one RS frame is performed by inserting packets of 187 bytes in the RS frame having the size of N (row) x 187 (column) bytes in the row direction in order. That is, all the N columns of the RS frame include 187 bytes.

The RS-CRC encoder 412 generates Nc-Kc (= P) parity bytes by performing (Nc, Kc) -RS coding on each column when an RS frame is formed as shown in FIG. (187 + P) bytes by adding the P parity bytes generated after the last byte of the corresponding column. Here, Kc is 187 as shown in FIG. 20 (a), and Nc is 187 + P.

Here, the P value may vary according to the RS code mode value.

Table 6 below shows an example of the RS code mode which is one of the RS encoding information.

RS code mode RS code Number of parity bytes (P) 00 (211, 187) 24 01 (223, 187) 36 10 (235,187) 48 11 Reserved Reserved

In Table 6, two bits are allocated to indicate the RS code mode. The RS code mode indicates the number of parity of the corresponding RS frame.

For example, if the RS code mode value is 10, (235, 187) -RS encoding is performed on the RS frame in FIG. 20A to generate 48 parity bytes, and 48 parity bytes are allocated to the last Add one byte after the byte to make a column of 235 bytes.

If the RS frame mode of Table 1 is 00, i.e., a single RS frame is displayed, only the RS code mode for the corresponding RS frame is displayed. However, if the RS frame mode of Table 1 is 01, i.e., a plurality of separate RS frames are displayed, the RS code mode is displayed corresponding to the primary and secondary RS frames, respectively. That is, the RS code mode is preferably applied independently to the primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame.

When the RS encoding process is performed for all N columns, an RS frame having a size of N (row) x (187 + P) (column) bytes as shown in FIG.

At this time, each row of the RS frame is composed of N bytes. However, an error may be included in the RS frame according to channel conditions between the transmission and the reception. It is possible to use CRC data (or CRC code or CRC checksum) to check whether or not an error has occurred in each row unit.

The RS-CRC encoder 412 may perform CRC coding on the RS-coded mobile service data to generate the CRC data. The CRC data generated by the CRC encoding can be used to indicate whether the mobile service data is transmitted through the channel and is damaged by an error.

The present invention may use other error detection coding methods other than CRC coding, or may improve the overall error correction capability on the receiving side by using an error correction coding method.

20C shows an example of using a 2-byte (i.e., 16-bit) CRC checksum as CRC data. After generating a 2-byte CRC checksum for N bytes of each row, . By doing this, each row is expanded to N + 2 bytes.

The following Equation 3 shows an example of a polynomial for generating a 2-byte CRC checksum for each row of N bytes.

Adding a 2-byte CRC checksum to each row is one embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the above example.

When the RS coding and the CRC coding process described above are all performed, the RS frame of N x 187 bytes is expanded to the RS frame of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes.

Looking at the error correction scenario of the extended RS frame, the bytes in the RS frame are transmitted on the channel in the row direction. At this time, if a large amount of error occurs in the limited transmission time, an error occurs in the RS frame of the decoding process of the receiving system in the row direction. However, since the RS codes are performed in the column direction, errors are dispersed and effective error correction can be performed. At this time, parity byte (P) is increased as a method for more accurate error correction, but a proper compromise is needed because transmission efficiency is lowered. In addition, the error correction capability can be improved by using the error decoding in decoding.

In the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the present invention, it is also possible to perform low-permutation on a superframe basis in order to further improve the error correction capability of the RS frame.

21 (a) to 21 (d) illustrate an example of a low-mixing process in units of superframes.

That is, the RS-CRC encoded RS frames constitute a G-group super frame as shown in FIG. 21 (a). Since each RS frame is composed of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes, one superframe consists of (N + 2) x (187 + P) x G bytes.

When the process of mixing each row of the superframe with the preset rule is performed, the positions of the rows before and after the low-mix in the superframe are changed. That is, the i-th row of the superframe before low-mixing as shown in FIG. 21 (b) is located at the j-th row of the same superframe as shown in FIG. 21 (c). The relationship between i and j can be found through the low-mix rule as shown in Equation (4) below.

Even after the superframe-based low mixing is performed, each row of the superframe consists of N + 2 bytes.

After all of the low-level mixing of the superframe units is performed, the result is divided into G low-mixed RS frames as shown in (d) of FIG. 21 and then provided to the RS frame divider 413.

Note that the RS parity and the number of columns of each RS frame constituting one superframe should be the same.

Similar to the above-described error correction scenario of the RS frame, even in the case of a superframe in which a large number of errors occur, since errors are contained in one RS frame to be decoded, the errors are dispersed throughout the superframe, The decoding capability is further improved as compared with the RS frame.

Until now, when dividing one data group into A / B / C / D regions, the RS frame forming and encoding process when allocating data of one RS frame to A / B / C / . That is, as one embodiment of transmitting one RS frame in one parade, in this case, the secondary encoder 420 is not operated.

On the other hand, when two RS frames are transmitted in one parade, the data of the primary RS frame can be allocated to the A / B area in the data group and the data of the secondary RS frame can be allocated to the C / D area in the corresponding data group. At this time, the primary encoder 410 receives the mobile service data to be allocated to the A / B area in the data group, forms a primary RS frame, and performs RS encoding and CRC encoding. The secondary encoder 420 receives the mobile service data to be allocated to the C / D area in the data group, forms a secondary RS frame, and performs RS coding and CRC coding. That is, the coding of the primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame is performed independently of each other.

22 is a block diagram of a mobile communication system in which a primary RS frame is configured to receive mobile service data to be allocated to an A / B area in a data group, a secondary RS frame is collected by collecting mobile service data to be allocated to a C / D area, Error detection coding is performed.

22A, the mobile service data of the primary ensemble to be allocated to the A / B area in the data group is received from the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the primary encoder 410, and N1 (row) x An RS frame having a size of 187 (column) bytes is formed, RS encoding is performed for each column of the thus configured RS frame, P1 pieces of parity data are added for each column, CRC encoding is performed for each row, And a 2-byte CRC checksum is added every row.

22B is a block diagram showing a configuration of the RS-CRC encoder 422 of the secondary encoder 420 to receive the secondary ensemble mobile service data to be allocated to the C / D area in the data group, RS encoding is performed on each column of the thus configured RS frame, P2 parity data is added for each column, CRC encoding is performed on each row, and a 2-byte CRC A checksum is added.

When RS-CRC encoders 412 and 422 are set in advance and refer to the transmission parameters provided by the controller 200 and / or the transmission parameters provided by the service multiplexer 100, the RS- , RS encoding information (including RS code mode), SCCC information (including SCCC block information and SCCC outer code mode), data group information, and data group area information. The transmission parameters are not only referenced for RS frame configuration, error correction coding, error detection coding in each RS-CRC encoder 412, 422, but also must be transmitted to the receiving system for normal decoding in the receiving system.

The data of the primary RS frame in which RS-frame encoding and super-frame low-mix are performed in the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the primary encoder 410 is output to the RS frame divider 413. If the secondary encoder 420 is operated, data of the secondary RS frame, which has been RS-CRC encoded by the RS-CRC encoder 422 of the secondary encoder 420 and low- (423).

The RS frame divider 413 of the primary encoder 410 separates the primary RS frame into a plurality of portions and outputs the divided signals to the multiplexer 320. Each portion of the primary RS frame corresponds to an amount of data that can be transmitted by one data group. Likewise, the RS frame divider 423 of the secondary encoder 420 separates the secondary RS frame into a plurality of portions, and outputs the secondary RS frame to the multiplexer 320.

The RS frame divider 413 of the primary encoder 410 will be described in detail. For convenience of description, an RS frame having a size of N (row) x 187 (column) bytes is formed as shown in FIGS. 20A to 20C, and RS Assume that parity data of bytes is appended and a CRC checksum of 2 bytes is appended to each row through CRC encoding.

Then, the RS frame divider 413 divides the encoded RS frame having the size of N + 2 (row) x 187 (column) bytes into a plurality of portions having a size of PL (where PL is the RS frame portion length) partition.

In this case, the PL value may vary according to the RS frame mode, the SCCC block mode, and the SCCC outer code mode, as shown in Tables 2 to 5. In addition, the total number of bytes of the RS frame in which RS and CRC coding are performed is equal to or slightly smaller than 5 x NoG x PL. In this case, the RS frame is divided into ((5 x NoG) -1) pots of PL size and one pot of PL size or smaller size. That is, the size of each potion except the last potion among the potions divided from one RS frame is equal to PL.

If the size of the last portion is less than PL, stuffing bytes (or dummy bytes) are inserted into the last portion for the shortest number of bytes so that the size of the last portion is finally PL.

Each portion divided from one RS frame corresponds to an amount of data to be SCCC encoded and mapped into a single data group of one parade (each portion of a RS frame corresponds to the amount of data to be SCCC-encoded and mapped into a single data group of a Parade).

23 (a) and 23 (b) show that when dividing the (N + 2) x (187 + P) sized RS frame into (5 x NoG) As shown in FIG.

That is, as shown in FIG. 23 (a), the RS and CRC encoded RS frames are divided into a plurality of portions as shown in FIG. 23 (b). The number of potions to be divided from the RS frame is (5 x NoG). The first ((5 x NoG) - 1) potions include the PL size, but the last one potion may be equal to or less than the PL size. If the PL is smaller than the PL size, S stuffing bytes can be obtained and filled in as shown in Equation (5) so that the last portion is PL size.

Each portion including the PL size data is output to the block processor 302 via the multiplexer 320 of the MPH frame encoder 301.

In this case, the order of mapping the RS frame positions to the data groups of one parade is not the same as the order of allocation of the data groups defined in Equation (1) with the Group assignment order defined in Equation 1). That is, given a data group location of a parade in one MPH frame, the SCCC-encoded RS frame parts are allocated in a time order (Given the Group positions of a Parade in an MPH Frame and the SCCC- be mapped in time order).

For example, in FIG. 11, the data groups of the second parade that is allocated are first allocated to the 13th slot (Slot # 12), and then allocated to the 3rd slot (Slot # 2). However, if data is placed in these assigned slots, the data is arranged in chronological order from left to right. That is, the first data group of parade # 1 is placed in the third slot (Slot # 2), and the second data group of parade # 1 is placed in the thirteenth slot (Slot # 13).

Block processor

Meanwhile, the block processor 302 performs SCCC outlier encoding on the output of the MPH frame encoder 301. That is, the block processor 302 encodes the data of each potion to be error-correction-coded and input to the group formatter 303 again with 1 / H (H is a natural number of 2 or more) code rate. The present invention is characterized in that the input data is encoded by either encoding at 1/2 coding rate (or 1/2 coding) or encoding at 1/4 coding rate (or 1/4 coding) As an example. The data of each portion output from the MPH frame encoder 301 includes at least one of pure mobile service data, RS parity data, CRC data, stuffing data, and in a broad sense, data for mobile service. Therefore, the data of each potion will be described as mobile service data.

The group formatter 303 inserts the mobile service data encoded and output by the block processor 302 into a corresponding area in a data group formed according to a predefined rule, A holder or known data (or known data location holder) is also inserted in the corresponding area in the data group. Then, the group formatter 303 deinterleaves the data in the data group and the position holder.

In the present invention, the data group is divided into four areas A, B, C, and D, and consists of ten MPH blocks B1 to B10 based on the data interleaving as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, if the data group is divided into a plurality of layered regions, the block processor 302 may encode the mobile service data to be inserted into each region at a different coding rate according to the characteristics of the layered region.

For example, the mobile service data to be inserted into the A / B area in the data group is encoded by the block processor 302 at a 1/2 coding rate, and the encoded mobile service data is transmitted to the group formatter 303 And can be inserted into the A / B area. The mobile service data to be inserted into the C / D region in the data group is encoded by the block processor 302 at a coding rate of 1/4, which has a higher error correction capability than 1/2 coding rate, May be inserted into the C / D area in the group formatter 303. [ As another example, the mobile service data to be inserted in the C / D region may be encoded by the block processor 302 at a code rate having a stronger error correction capability than the 1/4 code rate, May be inserted into the C / D area in the formatter 303, or may be left as a reserved area for future use.

The block processor 302 may perform 1 / H encoding on a SCCC block basis as another embodiment. The SCCC block includes at least one MPH block.

The MPH blocks B1 to B10 and the SCCC blocks SCB1 to SCB10 are the same (SCB1 = B1, SCB2 = B2, SCB3 = B3, SCB4 = B4, SCB5 = B5, SCB6 = B6, SCB7 = B7, SCB8 = B8, SCB9 = B9, SCB10 = B10). For example, the MPH block B 1 can perform coding at a 1/2 coding rate, the MPH block B 2 at a 1/4 coding rate, and the MPH block B 3 at a 1/2 coding rate. The same applies to the remaining MPH blocks.

Alternatively, a plurality of MPH blocks in the A, B, C, and D regions may be grouped into one SCCC block, and 1 / H encoding may be performed in units of SCCC blocks. This improves the reception performance of the C / D region. For example, the MPH block B1 to MPH block B5 are grouped into one SCCC block to perform 1/2 coding, and the encoded mobile service data is divided into MPH block B1 to MPH block B1 of the data group in the group formatter 303 B5 can be inserted.

Also, the MPH block B6 to the MPH block B10 are grouped into another SCCC block to perform 1/4 coding, and the encoded mobile service data is inserted in the group formatter 303 from the MPH block B6 to the MPH block B10 of the data group can do. In this case, one data group is composed of two SCCC blocks.

In another embodiment, two MPH blocks may be combined into one SCCC block. For example, an MPH block B1 and an MPH block B6 may be combined to form one SCCC (SCB1) block. Similarly, MPH block B2 and MPH block B7 are grouped together to form another SCCC (SCB2) block, MPH block B3 and block B8 to form another SCCC (SCB3) block, MPH block B4 and block B9 to form another SCCC (SCB4) block, and MPH block B5 and MPH block B10 to form another SCCC (SCB5) block. In this case, 10 MPH blocks are composed of 5 SCCC blocks. This can compensate for the reception performance of the C and D regions, where the reception performance is relatively low compared to the A region in the reception environment where the channel change is very severe. Also, the number of main service data symbols increases gradually from the area A to the area D, which causes performance degradation of the error correction code. By configuring a plurality of MPH blocks into one SCCC block as described above, Have a number

When 1 / H encoding is performed in the block processor 302 as described above, the SCCC-related information must be transmitted to the receiving system in order to accurately recover the mobile service data.

Table 7 below shows an example of the SCCC block mode showing the relationship between the MPH block and the SCCC block among the SCCC related information.

In Table 7, two bits are allocated to indicate the SCCC block mode. For example, if the SCCC block mode value is '00', it indicates that the SCCC block and the MPH block are identical. If the SCCCC block mode value is 01, it indicates that each SCCC block is composed of two MPH blocks.

If one data group consists of two SCCC blocks as described above, this information can also be displayed in SCCC block mode although it is not shown in Table 7. For example, when the SCCC block mode value is 10, each SCCC block is composed of 5 MPH blocks, and one data group is composed of two SCCC blocks. Here, since the number of MPH blocks included in the SCCC block and the position of the MPH block can be changed by the system designer, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the SCCC mode information can be extended.

Table 8 below shows an example of code rate information of the SCCC block, that is, an SCCC outer code mode among the SCCC related information.

SCCC outer code mode Description 00 The outer code rate of a SCCC Block is 1/2 rate 01 The outer code rate of a SCCC Block is 1/4 rate 10 Reserved 11 Reserved

In Table 8, 2 bits are allocated to indicate the coding rate information of the SCCC block. For example, if the SCCC outer code mode value is 00, the code rate of the corresponding SCCC block indicates 1/2, and if 01 indicates 1/4.

If the SCCC block mode value in Table 7 indicates 00, the SCCC outer code mode can display the code rate of each MPH block corresponding to each MPH block. In this case, since one data group includes 10 MPH blocks and each SCCC block mode is assumed to be allocated 2 bits, 20 bits are required to indicate the SCCC block mode for 10 MPH blocks.

As another example, if the SCCC block mode value in Table 7 indicates 00, the SCCC outer code mode may display the code rate of each region corresponding to each region in the data group. In this case, since one data group includes four areas A, B, C, and D, and each SCCC block mode is assumed to be allocated two bits, 8 bits are required to indicate the SCCC block mode for four areas Do.

As another example, if the SCCC block mode value in Table 7 indicates 01, the areas A, B, C, and D in the data group have the same SCCC outer code mode.

Meanwhile, Table 9 below shows an example of the SCCC output block length (SOBL) for each SCCC block when the SCCC block mode value is 00. FIG.

That is, knowing the SCCC output block length (SOBL) for each SCCC block determines the SCCC input block length (SIBL) for the corresponding SCCC block according to the outer code rate of each SCCC block . The SOBL is equal to the number of SCCC output (or outer encoded) bytes for each SCCC block, and SIBL is equal to the number of SCCC input (or payload) bytes for each SCCC block.

Table 10 below shows an example of SOBL and SIBL for each SCCC block when the SCCC block mode value is 01.

To this end, the block processor 302 includes an RS frame portion-to-SCCC block transformer 511, a byte-to-bit converter 512, a convolutional encoder 513, a symbol interleaver 514, a symbol- 515, and SCCC block-to-MPH block converter 516.

The convolutional encoder 513 and the symbol interleaver 514 are virtually concatenated with the trellis coding module 256 to construct the SCCC (the convolutional encoder 513 and the symbol interleaver 514 are virtually concatenated with the trellis encoder in the post-processor to construct the SCCC).

That is, the RS frame portion-to-SCCC block converter 511 uses the SIBL of Tables 9 and 10 according to the RS frame mode, the SCCC block mode, and the SCCC outer code mode to input the RS frame portion into a plurality of SCCC blocks . Here, the MPH frame encoder 301 outputs a primary RS frame portion according to the RS frame mode, or outputs a primary RS frame portion and a secondary RS frame portion.

If the RS frame mode is 00, the portion of the primary RS frame is equal to the amount of data mapped to 10 MPH blocks in one data group by being SCCC outcoded in the block processor 302. If the SCCC block mode is 00, the primary RS frame is divided into 10 SCCC blocks according to Table 9. If the SCCC block mode is 01, the primary RS frame portion is divided into 5 SCCC blocks according to Table 10. On the other hand, if the RS frame mode is 01, the block processor 302 receives two RS frame positions. When the RS frame mode is 01, 01 is not used as the SCCC block mode value. The primary portion divided by the primary RS frame is SCCC outcoded by the block processor 302 as SCCC blocks SCB3, SCB4, SCB5, SCB6, SCB7, and SCB8. The SCCC blocks SCB3 and SCB8 are mapped to the intra-data group area B in the group formatter 303, and the SCCC blocks SCB4, SCB5, SCB6 and SCB7 are mapped to the area A. The secondary portion divided from the secondary RS frame is SCCC outcoded by the block processor 302 as SCCC blocks SCB1, SCB2, SCB9, and SCB10. The group formatter 303 maps the SCCC blocks SCB1 and SCB10 to the corresponding intra-data group area D, and the SCCC blocks SCB2 and SCB9 are mapped to the area C, respectively.

The byte-to-bit converter 512 separates the mobile service data bytes of each SCCC block output from the RS frame portion-to-SCCC block converter 511 into bits, and outputs the divided bits to the convolutional encoder 513.

The convolutional encoder 513 performs 1/2 coding or 1/4 coding on the input mobile service data bits.

FIG. 25 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of the convolutional encoder 513, which is composed of two delayers 521 and 523 and three adders 522, 524 and 525. The input data bit U is encoded into 5 bits u0 to u4. At this time, the input data bit U is directly output as the most significant bit u0, and is simultaneously encoded and output to the lower bit u1u2u3u4.

That is, the input data bit U is directly output as the most significant bit u0 and simultaneously output to the first and third adders 522 and 525. The first adder 522 adds the input data bit U and the output of the first delay unit 521 and outputs the result to the second delay unit 523. The second adder 522 adds the input data bit U and the output of the first delay unit 521 to the second delay unit 523, 1 clock). The delayed data is output to the lower bit u1 and fed back to the first delay unit 521 at the same time. The first delay unit 521 delays the data fed back from the second delay unit 523 by a predetermined time (for example, one clock) and outputs the data at the lower bit u2. The first adder 522 and the first adder 522 2 adder 524, as shown in Fig.

The second adder 524 adds the outputs of the first and second delay units 521 and 523 and outputs the result as a lower bit u3. The third adder 525 adds the input data bit U and the output of the second adder 524 and outputs it as the least significant bit u4.

At this time, the first and second delay units 521 and 523 are reset to 0 at the beginning of each SCCC block. The convolutional encoder 513 of FIG. 25 may be used as a 1/2 coder or a 1/4 coder.

That is, when a part of the output bits of the convolutional encoder 513 of FIG. 25 is selected and output, it can be used as a 1/2 encoder or a 1/4 encoder.

Table 11 below shows an example of the output symbol of the convolutional encoder 513. [

For example, in the case of 1/2 code rate, one output symbol, that is, u0 and u1 bits, may be selected and output. In the case of the 1/4 code rate, two output symbols, i.e., four bits, may be selected and output according to the SCCC block mode. For example, when the SCCC block mode is 01, the output symbols of u 0 and u 2, and the output symbols of u 1 and u 4 are selected and output, the result of 1/4 coding is obtained.

The mobile service data symbols coded at 1/2 or 1/4 coding rate in the convolutional coding unit 513 are output to the symbol interleaver 514.

The symbol interleaver 514 performs block interleaving on the output data symbols of the convolutional encoder 513 on a symbol-by-symbol basis. That is, the symbol interleaver 514 is a type of block interleaver. The symbol interleaver 514 may be applied to any interleaver as long as the interleaver is structurally arranged in a certain order. In the present invention, the use of a variable length symbol interleaver, which is applicable even when the length of symbols to be rearranged is varied, will be described as an embodiment.

26 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a symbol interleaver according to the present invention, where B is 2112 and L is 4096, and is an example of symbol interleaving.

Where B is the block length in symbols output for symbol interleaving in the convolutional encoder 513 and L is the block length in symbol units actually interleaved in the symbol interleaver 514. [ At this time, the block length B of each symbol input to the symbol interleaver 514 is equal to 4 x SOBL. That is, since one symbol is composed of 2 bits, B can be set to 4 x SOBL.

In symbol interleaving, L = 2 ^m (where m is a natural number) and L ≥ B conditions. If the values of B and L differ from each other, a null or dummy symbol is added by the number of differences (= LB) to generate an interleaving pattern as shown in P '(i) in FIG.

Therefore, B is the block size of the actual symbols input to the symbol interleaver 514 for interleaving, and L is the interleaving unit in which the actual interleaving is performed by the interleaving pattern generated by the symbol interleaver 514. [

Equation to 6, after the input symbol B dog to rearrange the order at the symbol interleaver 514 in sequence, L = 2 ^m, yet find made rearranging the interleave pattern of L satisfying L ≥ B Conditions Is a mathematical expression of the process.

26, the order of B input symbols and (LB) null symbols is rearranged in units of L symbols, and the positions of null symbols are calculated as P (i) in FIG. Remove and rearrange. That is, starting from the lowest i, shift P (i) entries to the left to fill the position of the removed null symbol (Starting with the lowest i, shift the P (i) entries to the left to fill the empty entry locations. And outputs the symbols of the aligned interleaving pattern P (i) to the symbol-to-byte converter 515 in order.

The symbol-to-byte converter 515 converts the mobile service data symbols, which are rearranged in the symbol interleaver 514, and outputs the converted bytes to the SCCC block-to-MPH block converter 516. The SCCC block-to-MPH block converter 516 converts the symbol-interleaved SCCC block into an MPH block and outputs the block to the group formatter 303.

If the SCCC block mode is 00, the SCCC block is mapped 1: 1 to each MPH block in the data group. As another example, if the SCCC block mode is 01, the SCCC block is mapped to two corresponding MPH blocks in the data group. For example, the SCCC block SCB1 corresponds to (B1, B6), the SCB2 corresponds to (B2, B7), the SCB3 corresponds to (B3, B8), the SCB4 corresponds to (B4, B9) Lt; / RTI > The MPH block output from the SCCC block-to-MPH block converter 516 includes mobile service data and FEC redundancy. The present invention considers not only the mobile service data of the MPH block but also the FEC redundancy as mobile service data.

group Formatter

The group formatter 303 inserts the data of the MPH block output from the block processor 302 into a corresponding MPH block in a data group formed according to a predefined rule, The known data (or known data location holder) is also inserted into the corresponding area in the data group.

That is, in the group formatter 303, in addition to the encoded mobile service data output from the block processor 302, as shown in FIG. 5, an MPEG header position holder, an unstructured RS parity position holder, Insert the main service data location holder into the corresponding area of the data group. The reason for inserting the main service data location holder is that the mobile service data and the main service data are intermixed with each other in the areas B to D based on the data interleaving as shown in FIG. For example, the position holder for the MPEG header may be allocated in front of each packet when viewed from the output data after the data deinterleaving. Dummy bytes may also be inserted to form the intended group format. In addition, the group formatter 303 inserts a location holder for initializing the trellis encoding module 256 into the corresponding area. In one embodiment, the initialization data location holder may be inserted before the known data sequence.

Also, in the group formatter 303, the signaling information encoded and output by the signaling encoder 304 may be inserted into a corresponding area of the data group.

At this time, the signaling information may be referred to when each data and position holder is inserted into the data group in the group formatter 303. [ The process of encoding the signaling information and inserting it into the data group will be described later in detail.

The group formatter 303 inserts various data and position holders into a corresponding area of the data group, then deinterleaves the data in the data group and the position holder in the reverse process of data interleaving and outputs the deinterleaved data to the packet formatter 305. That is, when the data in the data group and the location holder configured as shown in FIG. 5 are deinterleaved in the group formatter 303, the data group output to the packet formatter 305 has a structure as shown in FIG. For this, the group formatter 303 may include a group format organizer 527 and a data deinterleaver 529 as shown in FIG. The group formatting unit 527 inserts data and position holders into the corresponding area in the data group as described above, and the data deinterleaver 529 deinterleaves the data group and the position holder in the reverse process of data interleaving .

The packet formatter 305 removes the main service data location holder and the RS parity location holder, which were allocated for deinterleaving from the deinterleaved data, collects the remaining parts, and then stores the null packet And inserts an MPEG header having a PID (or a PID not used in the main service data packet). And adds sync bytes to the beginning of each 187-byte data packet.

The packet formatter 305 may insert the known known data into the known data location holder when the known data location holder is inserted in the group formatter 303 or may insert the known data location holder It can be output without adjustment.

Then, the packet formatter 305 divides the data in the packet formatted data group into 188-byte units of mobile service data packets (i.e., MPEG TS packets) and provides them to the packet multiplexer 240.

The packet multiplexer 240 multiplexes the data group output by the packet formatter 305 and the main service data packet output from the packet jitter separator 220 under the control of the controller 200, (Post-Processor) 250 to the data renderer 251. That is, the controller 200 controls time multiplexing of the packet multiplexer 240. If the packet multiplexer 240 receives 118 mobile service data packets from the packet formatter 305, 37 of the 118 mobile service data packets are placed before the VSB field sync insertion location, 81 mobile service data packet is placed after the VSB field sync insertion position. The multiplexing method can be adjusted by various parameters of the system design. The multiplexing method and the multiplexing rule in the packet multiplexer 240 will be described later in detail.

Since the data group including the mobile service data is multiplexed (or allocated) between the main service data in the packet multiplexing process, the temporal location of the main service data packet is relatively moved. However, in a system target decoder (i.e., an MPEG decoder) for processing main service data of the receiving system, only the main service data is received and decoded, and the mobile service data packet is recognized as a null data packet.

Therefore, packet jitter occurs when the system target decoder of the receiving system receives the main service data packet multiplexed with the data group.

At this time, since the system target decoder has buffers of various stages for video data and its size is considerably large, the packet jitter generated in the packet multiplexer 240 is not a big problem in the case of video data. However, the size of the buffer for the audio data in the system target decoder may be a problem because it is small.

That is, due to the packet jitter, an overflow or an underflow may occur in a buffer for a main service data of the receiving system, for example, a buffer for audio data.

Therefore, the packet jitter buffer 220 resets the relative position of the main service data packet so that overflow or underflow does not occur in the buffer of the system target decoder.

Embodiments for rearranging the positions of the audio data packets of the main service data in order to minimize the influence on the operation of the audio buffer will be described. The packet jitter rewinders 220 rearrange the audio data packets in the main service data interval so that the audio data packets of the main service can be located as uniformly as possible.

Also, if the position of the main service data packet is relocated relatively, the PCR (Program Clock Reference) value should be corrected accordingly. The PCR value is inserted into a specific area of the TS packet as a time reference value for matching the time of the MPEG decoder and transmitted. The packet jitter canceller 220 also performs the function of correcting the PCR value.

The output of the packet jitter separator 220 is input to a packet multiplexer 240. The packet multiplexer 240 multiplexes the main service data packet output from the packet jitter separator 220 and the mobile service data packet output from the preprocessor 230 according to a predetermined multiplexing rule, To the data renderer 251 of the memory 250.

If the input data is a main service data packet, the data renderer 251 performs the same rendering as the existing renderer. In other words, the synchronous bytes in the main service data packet are discarded and the remaining 187 bytes are randomized using internally generated pseudo random bytes, and then output to the RS encoder / unscrambler RS encoder 252.

However, if the input data is a mobile service data packet, only a part of the packet may be rendered. For example, if it is assumed that the preprocessor 230 performs randomization on the mobile service data, the data renderer 251 extracts a synchronization byte among 4-byte MPEG headers included in the mobile service data packet And performs the randomization only for the remaining 3 bytes, and outputs the result to the RS encoder / unscrambler RS encoder 252. That is, the mobile service data excluding the MPEG header are not subjected to rendering, and are output to the RS encoder / unscrambler RS encoder 252. The data renderer 251 may or may not render the known data (or known data location holder) and the initialization data location holder included in the mobile service data packet.

The RS encoder / unscrambler RS encoder 252 performs RS encoding on the data to be rendered or bypassed by the data randomizer 251, adds 20 bytes of RS parity, and then transmits the data to the data interleaver 253, . In this case, when the input data is the main service data packet, the RS encoder / unscrambler RS encoder 252 performs systematic RS encoding in the same manner as in the existing broadcasting system to add 20 bytes of RS parity after 187 bytes of data. If the mobile service data packet is a non-systematic RS encoding, the 20-byte RS parity obtained at this time is inserted into a predetermined parity byte position in the packet.

The data interleaver 253 is a convolutional interleaver on a byte basis.

The output of the data interleaver 253 is input to a parity substitution unit 254 and an unstructured RS encoder 255.

On the other hand, in order to convert the output data of the trellis encoder 256 located at the rear end of the parity substitution unit 254 into known data defined by an appointment at the transmitting / receiving end, initialization of the memory in the trellis encoder 256 . That is, the memory of the trellis encoder 256 must be initialized before the inputted known data sequence is Trellis encoded.

At this time, the beginning of the inputted known data sequence is not an actual known data but an initialized data position holder inserted in the group formatter in the preprocessor 230. Therefore, it is necessary to generate the initialization data immediately before the input known-data sequence is Trellis-coded and to replace it with the corresponding Trellis-memory initialization data location holder.

The initial value of the trellis memory initialization data is determined according to the memory state of the trellis encoder 256. Also, it is necessary to recalculate the RS parity due to the effect of the replacement initialization data and replace the RS parity with the RS parity output from the data interleaver 253.

Therefore, the untypical RS encoder 255 receives the mobile service data packet including the initialization data location holder to be replaced with the initialization data from the data interleaver 253, and inputs the initialization data from the trellis encoder 256 Receive. Then, the initialization data location holder of the inputted mobile service data packet is replaced with the initialization data, and the RS parity data added to the mobile service data packet is removed, and then unstructured RS coding is performed. And outputs the RS parity obtained by the non-systematic RS encoding to the parity substitution unit 255. The parity substitution unit 255 selects the output of the data interleaver 253 in the mobile service data packet and the output of the unstructured RS encoder 255 in the RS parity and outputs it to the trellis encoding unit 256. [ .

Meanwhile, the parity substitution unit 254 selects RS data and RS data output from the data interleaver 253 when a mobile service data packet including no initialization data location holder to input or replace the main service data packet is input, And outputs it to the trellis encoder 256.

The trellis encoder 256 converts the data in units of bytes output from the parity substitution unit 254 on a symbol-by-symbol basis, 12-way interleaves the data, performs trellis encoding on the data, and outputs the data to the synchronous multiplexer 260.

28 is a detailed view of one trellis coder of the 12 trellis coder in the trellis coder 256. Fig. The trellis encoder may include two multiplexers 531, 541, two adders 532, 543, and three memories 533, 542, 544.

That is, the first to third memories 533, 542 and 544 are initialized by the trellis initialization data inserted into the initialization data position holder in the parity substitution unit 254 and output. In other words, when the first two symbols (i.e., four bits) transformed from each trellis initialization data byte are input, the input bits of the trellis encoder are multiplied by the memory values of the trellis encoder .

Since the two symbols (i.e., four bits) are required for the trellis initialization, the last two symbols of the trellis initialization data bytes are not used for the trellis initialization and are treated as symbols of known data bytes.

When the trellis encoder of FIG. 28 is in the initialization mode, the input of the trellis encoder comes from the internal trellis state instead of the output of the parity substitution unit 254. In the normal mode, the trellis encoder receives input symbols from the parity substitution unit 254 and processes the input symbols. The trellis encoder is provided with the input data changed for the trellis initialization to the non-systematic RS encoder 255.

That is, when the selection signal indicates the normal mode, the first multiplexer 531 selects the upper bit X2 of the input symbol. When the initialization mode is indicated, the first multiplexer 531 outputs the output of the first memory 533 And outputs it to the first adder 532. The first adder 532 adds the output of the first multiplexer 531 and the output of the first memory 533 to the first memory 533 and outputs it to the most significant bit Z2. The first memory 533 delays the output data of the first adder 532 by one clock and then outputs the delayed data to the first multiplexer 531 and the first adder 532. Meanwhile, the second multiplexer 541 selects the lower bit X1 of the input symbol when the selection signal indicates the normal mode, and outputs the output of the second memory 542 when the selection signal indicates the initialization mode And outputs it to the second adder 543 and outputs it to the lower bit Z1. The second adder 543 adds the output of the second multiplexer 541 and the output of the second memory 542 to the third memory 544. The third memory 544 delays the output of the second adder 543 by one clock and then outputs the result to the second memory 542 and outputs it to the least significant bit Z0. The second memory 542 delays the output of the third memory 544 by one clock and outputs the result to the second adder 543 and the second multiplexer 541.

The synchronous multiplexer 260 inserts field synchronization and segment synchronization into the output of the trellis encoder 256 and outputs it to the pilot inserter 271 of the transmitter 270.

The pilot inserted data in the pilot inserter 271 is modulated by a modulator 272 in a predetermined modulation scheme, for example, a VSB scheme, and then transmitted to each reception system through an RF up-converter 273. [

The multiplexing method of the packet multiplexer 240

That is, the data of the error correction coding and 1 / H encoded primary RS frame (i.e., the RS frame mode is 00) or the primary / secondary RS frame (i.e., the RS frame mode 01) And is allocated to at least one area of the A to D areas of each data group, or is allocated to at least one MPH block of the MPH blocks B1 to B10 and deinterleaved. The deinterleaved data group is multiplexed in the packet multiplexer 240 through the packet formatter 305 according to the main service data and the predetermined multiplexing rule.

The packet multiplexer 240 multiplexes and outputs a plurality of consecutive data groups in a subframe as far as possible. For example, assuming that three data groups are multiplexed and transmitted in one subframe, the three data groups are divided into a first slot (Slot # 0), a fifth slot (Slot # 4) Slots (Slot # 8) sequentially.

Like the assignment of the data group, the parades are multiplexed and outputted so as to be far apart from each other in the subframe. The method of allocating data groups and parades may be applied to MPH frames differently based on an MPH frame, and the same applies to all subframes within one MPH frame.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which the packet multiplexer 240 allocates a single parade with three data groups included in one subframe to one MPH frame. Referring to FIG. 10, when three data groups are sequentially allocated in a 4-slot period in one subframe, and this process is performed on 5 subframes in the corresponding MPH frame, 15 data groups are allocated to one MPH frame . Here, the 15 data groups are data groups included in one parade.

As shown in FIG. 10, when data groups for one parade are allocated to the MPH frame, the packet multiplexer 240 may allocate main service data between the data group and the data group, It can also be assigned. That is, the packet multiplexer 240 may allocate a plurality of parade data groups to one MPH frame.

Basically, the method of assigning data groups to multiple parades is not different from that of a single parade. That is, the packet multiplexer 240 allocates data groups in other paradigms allocated to one MPH frame in a 4-slot period.

At this time, the data group of another parade may be allocated in a circular manner from a slot to which the data group of the previous parade is not allocated.

For example, assuming that the allocation of data groups for one parade is performed as shown in FIG. 10, the data group for the next parade can be allocated from the 12th slot in one subframe.

11 shows an example in which the packet multiplexer 240 allocates and transmits three parades (Parade # 0, Parade # 1, and Parade # 2) to one MPH frame.

For example, assuming that the first parade (Parade # 0) includes three data groups per subframe, the packet multiplexer 240 assigns 0 to 2 to the i value of Equation (1) The positions of the data groups can be obtained. That is, the data groups of the first parade are sequentially allocated and output to the first, fifth, and ninth slots (Slot # 0, Slot # 4, Slot # 8) in the subframe.

Assuming that the second parade (Parade # 1) includes two data groups per subframe, the packet multiplexer 240 substitutes 3 to 4 in the i value of Equation (1) Can be obtained. That is, the data groups of the second parade are sequentially allocated and output to the second and twelfth slots (Slot # 1, Slot # 11) in the subframe.

If the third parade (Parade # 2) includes two groups per subframe, the packet multiplexer 240 assigns 5 to 6 to the i value of Equation (1) Can be obtained. That is, the data groups of the third parade are sequentially allocated and output to the seventh and eleventh slots (Slot # 6, Slot # 10) in the subframe.

As described above, the packet multiplexer 240 can multiplex and output data groups for a plurality of parades in one MPH frame, and multiplexing data groups in one subframe has a group space of four slots, . Therefore, the number of data groups within one parade, which can be multiplexed in one subframe, can be any one of integers from 1 to 8. In this case, since one MPH frame includes 5 subframes, it means that the number of data groups of one parade that can be multiplexed in one MPH frame can be any of multiples of 5 from 5 to 40 do.

Signaling  Information processing

The present invention is an embodiment in which a signaling information area for inserting signaling information is allocated to a certain area within each data group.

29 shows an example in which a signaling information area for inserting signaling information is allocated from the first segment to the second segment of the MPH block B4 in the data group. That is, 276 (= 207 + 69) bytes of the MPH block B4 of each data group are allocated as areas for inserting signaling information. In other words, the signaling information area consists of 207 bytes, which is the first segment of the MPH block B4, and the first 69 bytes of the second segment. For example, the first segment of the MPH block B4 corresponds to the 17th or 173rd segment of the VSB field. The signaling information to be inserted into the signaling information area is FEC-coded by the signaling coder 304 and input to the group formatter 303.

In the group formatter 303, the signaling encoder 304 inserts FEC-coded signaling information into the signaling information area in the data group.

The signaling information can be divided into two types of signaling channels. One is a transmission parameter channel (TPC), and the other is a fast information channel (FIC).

The TPC information is signaling information including transmission parameters such as RS frame related information, SCCC related information, and MPH frame related information. The TPC information is only an example for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and addition and deletion of signaling information included in the TPC can be easily changed by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The FIC information is provided to allow a fast service acquisition at a receiver, and includes cross-layer information between a physical layer and an upper layer.

30 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a signaling encoder 304. In FIG.

The signaling encoder 304 may include a TPC encoder 561, an FIC encoder 562, a block interleaver 563, a multiplexer 564, a signaling randomizer 565, and a PCCC encoder 566.

The TPC encoder 561 receives 10-byte TPC data and performs (18,10) -RS encoding to add 8-byte parity data to 10-byte TPC data. The RS-encoded 18-byte TPC data is output to a multiplexer 564. [

 The FIC encoder 562 receives 37 bytes of FIC data and performs (51, 37) -RS encoding to add 14 bytes of parity data to 37 bytes of FIC data. The RS-encoded 51-byte FIC data is input to the block interleaver 563 and interleaved in units of a predetermined block. For example, the block interleaver 563 is a variable-length block interleaver and interleaves the FIC data in each subframe RS-coded and input, in units of TNoG (column) x 51 (row) blocks, do. Here, the TNoG is the total number of data groups allocated to all subframes in one MPH frame. The block interleaver 563 is synchronized with the first FIC data of each subframe.

 The block interleaver 563 writes 51 bytes of RS code words in left-to-right, top-down, left-to-right, column-by-column, top-down, left-to-right, and 51-byte units.

The multiplexer 564 multiplexes RS-encoded TPC data in the TPC encoder 561 and FIC data interleaved in the block interleaver 563 on the time axis, and multiplexes the multiplexed 69-byte data into a signaling randomizer 565, .

The signaling randomizer 565 randomizes the multiplexed data and outputs the randomized data to the PCCC encoder 566. The signaling randomizer 565 may use the generator polynomial of the randomizer for mobile service data as it is. Also, initialization occurs every data group.

The PCCC encoder 566 is an inner encoder for performing PCCC encoding on the rendered data, that is, the signaling information data. The PCCC encoder 566 may be composed of six odd component encoders and six odd component encoders.

31 is a diagram showing a syntax structure of TPC data input to the TPC encoder 561. Referring to FIG. The TPC data is inserted into the signaling information area of each data group and transmitted.

The TPC data includes at least one of a Sub-Frame number field, a Slot_number field, a Parade_id field, a starting_Group_number field, a number_of_Groups field, a Parade_repetition_cycle field, an RS_Frame_mode field, an RS_code_mode_primary field, an RS_code_mode_secondary field, an SC_CC_Block_mode field, an SCCC_outer_code_mode_A field, An SCCC_outer_code_mode_C field, an SCCC_outer_code_mode_D field, an FIC_version field, a Parade_continuity_counter field, and a TNoG field.

The Sub-frame_number field indicates the number of current subframes in the corresponding MPH frame and is transmitted for MPH frame synchronization. The Sub-frame_number field value may have a value between 0 and 4.

The Slot_number field indicates the number of current slots in the corresponding subframe and is transmitted for MPF frame synchronization. The Slot_number field value may have a value between 0 and 15.

The Parade_id field indicates an identifier for identifying a parade to which the data group belongs. The Parade_id field value can be expressed by 7 bits. In one MPH transmission, each parade has a unique Parade_id. At this time, the communication of the Parade_id between the physical layer and the upper layer is performed by the Ensemble_id formed by adding one bit to the left of the Parade_id. The Ensemble_id for distinguishing the primary ensemble transmitted through the parade may be formed by marking 0 in the added MSB and the Ensemble_id for distinguishing the secondary ensemble by 1 in the added MSB.

The SGN field indicates the first slot number for the parade to which the data group belongs. The SGN and NoG fields are used to obtain the slot number assigned to one parade in the corresponding subframe by applying Equation (1).

The NoG field indicates the number of groups assigned to the parade to which the data group belongs. (The number_of_Groups (NoG) field shall indicate the number of groups in a sub-frame assigned to the Parade. eg, NoG = 0 implies that one Group is allocated to this Parade in a Sub-Frame). The NoG field value may have a value between 0 and 7. The slot numbers assigned to the corresponding parade can be calculated from SGN and NoG using Equation (1).

The PRC field indicates the repetition period of the parade transmitted on an MPH frame basis as shown in Table 12 below.

PRC Description 000 This Parade shall be transmitted every MPH Frame. 001 This Parade shall be transmitted every 2 MPH Frames. 010 This Parade shall be transmitted every 3 MPH Frames. 011 This Parade shall be transmitted every 4 MPH Frames. 100 This Parade shall be transmitted every 5 MPH Frames. 101 This Parade shall be transmitted every 6 MPH Frames. 110 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 7 MPH Frames. 111 Reserved

For example, if the PRC field value is 001, the parade is transmitted once every 2 MPH frames.

The RS_Frame_mode field indicates whether one RS frame or two RS frames are transmitted in one parade, and is defined as shown in Table 1.

The RS_code_mode_primary field indicates an RS code mode for the primary RS frame, and may be defined as shown in Table 6.

The RS_code_mode_secondary field indicates the RS code mode for the secondary RS frame, and may be defined as shown in Table 6. [

The SCCC_Block_mode indicates how the MPH blocks in the data group are allocated to the SCCC block, and can be defined as shown in Table 7.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_A field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area A in the data group, and can be defined as shown in Table 8.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_B field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area B in the data group.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_C field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area C in the data group.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_D field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area D in the data group.

The FIC_version field indicates the version of the FIC data.

The Parade_continuity_counter field is incremented from 0 to 15, and increases by 1 for each (PRC + 1) MPH frame. For example, if PRC = 011, the Parade_continuity_counter field is incremented every fourth MPH frame.

The TNoG field indicates the total number of data groups allocated in one subframe.

 The information included in the TPC data is only an example for facilitating understanding of the present invention. Addition and deletion of information included in the TPC data can be easily changed by those skilled in the art. I will not.

At this time, the TPC data (except for the Sub-Frame_number field and the Slot_number field) for each parade are not changed during one MPH frame. The same information is repeatedly transmitted through all the data groups in the parade during one MPH frame. By doing so, reception of TPC data becomes extremely robust, and reception performance can be enhanced. Since the Sub-Frame_number field and the Slot_number field value are incrementing counter values, the fields are robust due to the transmission of the expected values.

The FIC information transmits cross-layer information for fast mobile service acquisition. The information may include channel combination information between the ensemble and the mobile service.

32 is a diagram showing an example of a transmission scenario of TPC data and FIC data. The Sub-Frame_number, Slot_number, Parade_id, Parade_repetition_cycle, and Parade_continuity_counter information in FIG. 31 have their values corresponding to the current MPH frame through five sub-frames in a specific MPH frame. Some of the TPC data and the FIC data are signaled in advance.

 The SGN, NoG, and all FEC modes have values corresponding to the current MPH frame in the first two subframes. The SGN, NoG, and all FEC modes have values corresponding to the MPH frame in which the next parade appears through the third, fourth, and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame. By doing so, the receiver can obtain reliable transmission parameters in advance.

 For example, if Parade_repetition_cycle = '000', the values of the third, fourth and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame correspond to the next MPH frame. If Parade_repetition_cycle = '011', the values of the third, fourth and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame correspond to the fourth and subsequent MPH frames.

The FIC_version and FIC_data have values applied to the current MPH frame during the first and second subframes of the current MPH frame. The FIC_version and FIC_data have values applied to the next MPH frame immediately after the third, fourth and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame.

On the other hand, in the receiving system, power is turned on only in a period in which a desired parade data group is allocated, and power is turned off in other intervals, thereby reducing power consumption of the receiving system. This feature is particularly useful in portable receivers where power consumption is low. For example, assume that data groups of a first parade with NOG of 3, a second parade with NOG of 2, and a third parade of NOG of 2 are allocated to one MPH frame as shown in FIG. And the user selects a mobile service included in the first parade through a remote control or a keypad provided in the terminal. In this case, as shown in FIG. 33, in the receiving system, power is turned on only in the slot to which the data group of the first parade is allocated, and power is turned off in the remaining slots, thereby reducing power consumption. At this time, it is necessary to turn on the power slightly earlier than the slot to which the actual data group to be received is allocated, so that the tuner or the demodulator converges in advance.

Base data ( known data or training signal Area allocation

The transmission system inserts a training sequence of a long and regular length into each data group. Each data group includes 6 training sequences as an embodiment. The training sequences are specified prior to trellis encoding. The training sequence is Trellis coded, and the Trellis coded sequences are known data sequences. This is because the memories of the trellis encoder are initialized according to preset values at the start position of each sequence. FIG. 34 shows an example of insertion of six training sequences at the byte level before Trellis coding. 34 is an example of the arrangement of the training sequence performed in the group formatter 303. Fig.

The first training sequence is inserted into the last two segments of the MPH block B3. A second training sequence is inserted into the second and third segments of the MPH block B4. The second training sequence is next to the signaling information area as in FIG. The third through sixth training sequences are inserted into the last two segments of the MPH blocks B4, B5, B6 and B7, respectively.

34, the first, third, and sixth training sequences are separated by 16 segments. In Fig. 34, a dotted area indicates a trellis data byte, and a lined area indicates a training data byte. And the white area indicates other data such as FEC encoded mobile service data bytes or dummy data bytes.

FIG. 35 shows an example of inserting training sequences at a symbol level after being trellis coded by a trellis encoder. In Fig. 35, the dotted area indicates the segment sync symbol, and the striated area indicates the training data symbols. And the white region may comprise FEC encoded mobile service data symbols, FEC encoded signaling data symbols, main service data symbols, RS parity data symbols, dummy data symbols, trellis initialization symbols, and / Such as data symbols.

After the trellis coding, the last 1416 (= 588 + 828) symbols of the first, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth training sequences may have the same data pattern.

The second training sequence may have a first 528-symbol sequence and a second 528-symbol sequence, both sequences being the same pattern. That is, the 528-symbol sequence is repeated after the 4-symbol data segment sync signal. At the end of each training sequence, the memory values of the twelve trellis encoders are reset to zero.

In the receiving system Demodulator

36 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a demodulation unit in a reception system according to the present invention. In the demodulation unit of FIG. 36, the reception performance can be improved by performing carrier synchronization recovery, frame synchronization recovery, and channel equalization using the known data information inserted in the mobile service data interval in the transmission system. Also, in the demodulation unit, the power consumption of the receiving system can be reduced by turning on the power only in the slot to which the data group of the parade including the mobile service desired to be received is allocated.

The demodulator according to the present invention may include a demodulator 1002, an equalizer 1003, a known data detector 1004, a block decoder 1005, an RS frame decoder 1006, and a derandomizer 1007. have. The demodulation unit may further include a data deinterleaver 1009, an RS decoder 1010, and a data derandomizer 1011. The demodulation unit may include a signaling information decoding unit 1013. In addition, the receiving system may include a power controller 5000 that controls the power supply of the demodulation unit.

For convenience of description, the RS frame decoder 1006 and the derandomizer 1007 are referred to as a mobile service data processing unit, and a data deinterleaver 1009, an RS decoder 1010, and a data derandomizer 1011 ) Will be referred to as a main service data processing section. For example, if the receiving system is a mobile dedicated receiving system, the main service data processing unit may be omitted.

That is, the frequency of a specific channel tuned through the tuner is down-converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, and down-converted data 1001 is output to demodulator 1002 and known data detector 1004. At this time, the down-converted data 1001 passes through a demodulator 1002 and a known data detector 1004 via an analog / digital converter (ADC) (not shown) for converting an analog IF signal of a pass band into a digital IF signal ) As an example.

The demodulator 1002 performs automatic gain control, carrier recovery, and timing recovery on a digital IF signal of an input passband to generate a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to an equalizer 1003 and a known data detector 1004 .

The equalizer 1003 compensates for the distortion on the channel included in the demodulated signal and outputs the compensated signal to the block decoder 1005.

At this time, the known data detector 1004 detects the known data position inserted from the transmitting side from the input / output data of the demodulator 1002, that is, the data before demodulation or the demodulated data, To the demodulator 1002 and the equalizer 1003, a symbol sequence of the known data generated at the position. Also, the known data detector 1004 transmits information for further demultiplexing mobile service data that has been encoded at the transmitting end and main service data that has not undergone additional coding to the block decoder 1005, .

Although not shown in FIG. 36, information detected by the known data detector 1004 may be used entirely in the receiving system, and may be used in the RS frame decoder 1006 or the like.

The demodulator 1002 can improve demodulation performance by using the known data symbol sequence in timing recovery or carrier recovery, and the equalizer 1003 can similarly improve the equalization performance using the known data . Also, the decoding result of the block decoder 1005 may be fed back to the equalizer 1003 to improve the equalization performance.

Power on / off  Control

The data demodulated in the demodulator 1002 or the channel equalized data in the equalizer 1003 is input to a signaling information decoding unit 1013. The known data information detected by the known data detector 1004 is also input to the signaling information decoding unit 1013.

The signaling information decoding unit 1013 extracts signaling information (for example, TPC information) from input data, decodes the signaling information, and provides the decoded signaling information as a necessary block. For example, the SCCC related information may be output to the block decoder 1005, and the RS frame related information may be output to the RS frame decoder 1006. The MPH frame related information can be output to the known data detector 1004 and the power controller 5000. Here, the RS frame related information may include RS frame mode information and RS code mode information. The SCCC related information may include the same SCCC block mode information and the SCCC outer code mode information. The MPH frame related information may include subframe count information, slot count information, parade_id information, SGN information, NOG information, and the like, as shown in FIG.

Using the known data information output from the known data detector 1004, the signaling information area in the data group can be known. That is, a first known data sequence (or a training sequence) is inserted into the last two segments of the MPH block B3 in the data group, and a second known data sequence is inserted between the second and third segments of the MPH block B4 . The signaling information decoding unit 1013 extracts the signaling information of the signaling information area from the data output from the demodulator 1002 or the channel equalizer 1003, .

The power controller 5000 receives MPH frame related information from the signaling information decoding unit 1013 and controls the power of the tuner and the demodulation unit.

The power controller 5000 may turn on power only in a slot to which a data group of a parade including a mobile service desired by the user is allocated to receive data and turn off the power in the other slots.

For example, assume that data groups of a first parade where NOG is 3, a second parade where NOG is 2, and a third parade where NOG is 2 are allocated to one MPH frame as shown in FIG. 33. And the user selects a mobile service included in the first parade through a remote control or a keypad provided in the terminal. In this case, the power controller 5000 can reduce the power consumption by turning on the power only in the slot to which the data group of the first parade is allocated, and turning off the power in the remaining period, as shown in FIG.

Demodulator and base data detector

At this time, the receiving system can receive a data frame (or VSB frame) including a data group in which a known data sequence is periodically inserted, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the data group is divided into A to D regions, MPH block B4 to MPH block B7, area B to MPH block B3 and MPH block B8, area C to MPH block B2 and MPH block B9 And the D area includes the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10.

FIG. 37 shows an example in which a transmitter inserts a known data string periodically between actual data and transmits it. 37, AS is the number of symbols of general data and BS is the number of symbols of known data. Therefore, the known data of the BS symbol is inserted and transmitted in the period of the (AS + BS) symbol. The AS may be mobile service data, main service data, or a mixture of mobile service data and main service data. In the present invention, the AS is referred to as general data in order to distinguish it from known data.

In FIG. 37, each known data section in which known data streams are periodically inserted includes a known data sequence of the same pattern. The known data streams of the same pattern and the entire known data streams in the known data section may be the same or different . In other cases, the entire known data sequence is longer than the known data sequence of the same pattern, and the known data sequence of the same pattern is included in the entire known data sequence.

When the known data is periodically inserted between the general data, the channel equalizer of the receiving system can use the known data as a training sequence and use it as an accurate discrimination value and can use it to estimate the impulse response of the channel have.

On the other hand, when known data of the same pattern is periodically inserted, each known data interval can be used as a guard interval in the channel equalizer according to the present invention. The guard interval serves to prevent interference between blocks caused by the multipath channel. This is because the known data of the known data interval after the data block of the (AS + BS) symbol in FIG. 37 can be considered to have been copied in front of the data block.

Such a structure is referred to as a cyclic prefix, and this structure allows the impulse response of the data block and the channel transmitted in the transmission system to be circularly convolved in the time domain. Therefore, it is easy to perform channel equalization in the frequency domain using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and IFFT (Inverse FFT) in the channel equalizer of the receiving system.

That is, since the data block received in the receiving system is expressed by a product of a data block and a channel impulse response (CIR) in the frequency domain, channel equalization is performed by multiplying the inverse of the channel in the frequency domain during channel equalization, It is possible.

The known data detector 1004 may detect a known data location inserted periodically and estimate an initial frequency offset in the known data detection process. In this case, the demodulator 1002 can more accurately estimate and compensate the carrier frequency offset from the known data position information and the initial frequency offset estimation value.

On the other hand, when the known data is transmitted in the structure shown in FIG. 5, the known data detector 1004 first determines the position of the second known data area using the known data of the second known data area in which the same pattern is repeated twice .

Since the known data detector 1004 knows the structure of the data group, if the location of the second known data area is detected, the known data detector 1004 counts a symbol or a segment based on the second known data area location, It is possible to estimate the first and third to sixth known data area positions. If the data group is a data group including a field sync, a symbol or a segment is counted based on the second known data area position to estimate the position of the field sync in the corresponding data group located temporally before the second known data area can do. Also, the known data detector 1004 can output the known data location information and the field synchronous location information in the parade including the mobile service selected by the user by referring to the MPH frame related information inputted from the signaling information decoding unit 1013.

The estimated known data location information and the field sync position information are provided to the demodulator 1002 and the channel equalizer 1003.

Also, the known data detector 1004 may estimate an initial frequency offset using the known data inserted in the second known data area, i.e., the ACQ known data area. In this case, the demodulator 1002 can more accurately estimate and compensate the carrier frequency offset from the known data position information and the initial frequency offset estimation value.

38 is a detailed block diagram of a demodulator according to an embodiment of the present invention. The demodulator includes a phase splitter 1010, a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) 1020, a first multiplier 1030, A second multiplier 1050, a matched filter 1060, a DC eliminator 1070, a timing recovery unit 1080, a carrier recovery unit 1090, and a phase compensation unit 1110 ).

The known data detector 1004 includes a known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 for estimating known data information and an initial frequency offset.

38, the phase separator 1010 separates the passband digital signal into a passband digital signal, i.e., a complex signal, having a real component and an imaginary component whose phases are 90 degrees from each other, and then outputs the resultant signal to the first multiplier 1030, . Here, for convenience of explanation, the signal of the real component outputted from the phase separator 1010 is referred to as I signal, and the signal of imaginary component is referred to as Q signal.

The first multiplier 1010 multiplies the complex signal having a frequency proportional to a constant output from the NCO 1020 by the passband digital complex signal I and Q output from the phase separator 1010, And transits the passband digital complex signal (I, Q) to a baseband digital complex signal. The baseband digital signal of the first multiplier 1030 is input to a resampler 1040.

The resampler 1040 resamples the signal output from the first multiplier 1030 to a timing clock provided by the timing recovery unit 1080 and outputs the resampler to the second multiplier 1050.

For example, when the analog-to-digital converter uses a fixed oscillator of 25 MHz, a baseband digital signal having a 25 MHz frequency generated through the analog-to-digital converter, the phase separator 1010, and the first multiplier 1030, The signal is restored to a baseband digital signal having a frequency of, for example, 21.524476 MHz, twice the symbol clock of the received signal through an interpolation process in the resampler 1040. If the analog-to-digital converter uses the timing clock of the timing recovery unit 1080 as a sampling frequency, i.e., performs A / D conversion using a variable frequency, the resampler 1040 is unnecessary.

The second multiplier 1050 multiplies the output of the resampler 1040 by the output frequency of the carrier recovery unit 1090 to compensate for the residual carrier included in the output signal of the resampler 1040, And a timing recovery unit 1080.

The matched filtered signal in the matched filter 1060 is input to a DC remover 1070, a known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, and a carrier recovery unit 1090.

The known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 detects a position of a known data sequence transmitted periodically or aperiodically and estimates an initial frequency offset in the known data detection process.

That is, while the data group as shown in FIG. 5 is received, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 detects the position of the known data included in the data group and outputs the known sequence position indicator To the timing recovery unit 1080, the carrier recovery unit 1090, the phase compensation unit 1110, and the equalizer 1003 of the demodulator 1002. The known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 estimates an initial frequency offset and outputs the initial frequency offset to the carrier recovery unit 1090. [

At this time, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 may receive the output of the matched filter 1060 or the output of the resampler 1040, which is a designer's option.

The timing recovery unit 1080 detects a timing error using the output of the second multiplier 1050 and the known data position information detected by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, To the resampler 1040 to regulate the sampling timing of the resampler 1040. [0064] FIG. At this time, the timing recovery unit 1080 may receive the output of the matched filter 1060 instead of the output of the second multiplier 1050, which is a designer option.

Meanwhile, the DC eliminator 1070 removes the inserted pilot tone (i.e., DC) from the matched filtered signal and outputs it to the phase compensator 1110.

The phase compensator 1110 estimates a frequency offset using the DC removed data from the DC eliminator 1070 and the known data position information detected by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, Compensates for the phase change included in the output of the DC remover 1070. The phase-shifted compensated data is input to the equalizer 1003. The phase compensator 1110 is optional. If the phase compensator 1110 is not provided, the output of the DC remover 1070 is input to the equalizer 1003.

FIG. 39 is an example of a diagram including a detailed block diagram of a timing recovery unit 1080, a carrier recovery unit 1090, and a phase compensation unit 1110 in a demodulator.

The timing recovery unit 1080 includes a decimator 1081, a buffer 1082, a timing error detector 1083, a loop filter 1084, a holder 1085, and an NCO 1086 ).

The carrier recovery unit 1090 includes a buffer 1091, a frequency offset estimator 1092, a loop filter 1093, a holder 1094, an adder 1095, and an NCO 1096, . ≪ / RTI > A decimator may be included at the front end of the buffer 1091.

The phase compensator 1110 may include a buffer 1111, a frequency offset estimator 1112, a retainer 1113, an NCO 1114, and a multiplier 1115.

Also, a decimator 1200 may be included between the phase compensator 1110 and the equalizer 1003. The decimator 1200 may be included in the front end of the DC remover 1070 instead of the output end of the phase compensator 1110.

The decimators are necessary when the signal input to the demodulator 1002 is oversampled N times in the A / D converter. That is, N represents the sampling rate of the received signal. For example, if the input signal is twice oversampled (N = 2) in the analog-to-digital converter, it means that two samples are included in one symbol, in which case the decimators are ½ decimeters. The decimators may be bypassed depending on whether the received signal is oversampled.

The buffer 1091 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 receives or temporarily stores input or output data of the matched filter 1060 and outputs the result to a frequency offset estimator 1092. If a decimator is provided in front of the buffer 1091, the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is decimated by 1 / N in the decimator and then output to the buffer 1091. For example, if the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is doubly oversampled, the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is decimated by a factor of 1/2 in the decimator 1081 And is input to the post-buffer 1091. That is, the carrier recovery unit 1090 operates on a symbol basis if a decimator is provided before the buffer 1091, and operates on an oversample basis if there is no decimator.

The frequency offset estimator 1092 estimates a frequency offset using the known data before and after the matched filtering and the known data position information output from the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, . That is, the frequency offset estimator 1092 estimates a frequency offset from the known data string before or after the matched filtering, and outputs the estimated frequency offset to the loop filter 1093. Therefore, the estimated frequency offset value is obtained once every repetition period of the known data sequence.

The loop filter 1093 low-pass-filters the frequency offset estimated by the frequency offset estimator 1092 and outputs the low-pass filtered value to the maintainer 1094.

The maintainer 1094 maintains the low-pass filtered frequency offset estimation value for a period of the known data sequence, and outputs the maintained frequency offset estimate to the adder 1095. Here, the positions of the loop filter 1093 and the holder 1094 may be changed. Further, the function of the retainer 1094 may be included in the loop filter 1093, and the retainer 1094 may be omitted.

The adder 1095 adds the initial frequency offset value estimated by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and the frequency offset value output from the loop filter 1093 (or the retainer 1094) And outputs it to the NCO 1096. If the adder 1095 is designed to receive a constant inputted to the NCO 1020, the NCO 1020 and the first multiplier 1030 may be omitted. In this case, the second multiplier 1050 can perform the transition and the residual carrier wave simultaneously to the baseband.

The NCO 1096 generates a complex signal corresponding to the output frequency offset of the adder 1095 and outputs the complex signal to the second multiplier 1050. The NCO 1096 may include a ROM. In this case, the NCO 1096 generates a compensation frequency corresponding to the frequency offset output from the adder 1095, reads the complex sine wave corresponding to the compensation frequency from the ROM, and outputs the complex sine wave to the second multiplier 1050.

The second multiplier 1050 multiplies the output of the resampler 1040 by the output of the NCO 1094 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 to remove the carrier offset included in the output signal of the resampler 1040.

40 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of the frequency offset estimator 1092 of the carrier recovery unit 1090. The frequency offset estimator 1092 may be configured to estimate the frequency offset of the carrier frequency recovering unit 1090 based on the known data position information detected by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 .

If the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is input through the decimator, the frequency offset estimator 1092 operates on a symbol-by-symbol basis, and if there is no decimator, operates on an oversample basis. In the present invention, operation in symbol units will be described as an embodiment.

40, a controller 1300, a first N symbol buffer 1301, a K symbol delay unit 1302, a second N symbol delay unit 1303, a conjugator 1304, a multiplier 1305, an accumulator 1306, a phase detector 1307, a multiplier 1308, and a multiplexer 1309.

FIG. 40 constructed in this manner is described as an example in which it operates during a known data interval. That is, the first N symbol buffer 1301 can store up to N input symbols, and the symbol data temporarily stored in the first N symbol buffer 1301 is input to the multiplier 1305.

Simultaneously, the input symbols are K symbol delayed by K symbol delay 1302, conjugated by a conjugator 1304 via a second N symbol buffer 1303, and input to a multiplier 1305.

The multiplier 1305 multiplies the output of the first N symbol buffer 1301 by the output of the conjugator 1304 and outputs the result to an accumulator 1306. The accumulator 1306 multiplies the output of the multiplier 1305 by N And outputs the result to the phase detector 1307. [ The phase detector 1307 extracts phase information from the output of the accumulator 1306 and outputs the phase information to the multiplier 1308. The multiplier 1308 divides the phase information by K and outputs the result to the multiplexer 1309. At this time, the value obtained by dividing the phase information by K is a frequency offset estimation value. That is, the frequency offset estimator 1092 delays N input data and K symbols stored in the first N symbol buffer 1301 at the end of the input of known data or at a desired time point, and outputs the delayed data to the second N symbol buffer 1303 The complex conjugate of the stored N input data is accumulated for N symbols and divided by K to extract the frequency offset estimate.

The multiplexer 1309 selects an output of the multiplier 1308 or 0 according to a control signal of the controller 1300 and outputs the selected output as a final frequency offset estimation value.

The controller 1300 receives a known data position indicator from the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and controls the output of the multiplexer 1309. That is, the controller 1300 determines whether the frequency offset estimation value output from the multiplier 1308 is valid based on the known data position information. If the frequency offset estimation value is valid, the controller 1300 selects the output of the multiplier 1308 in the multiplexer 1309 and outputs a control signal to select 0 in the multiplexer 1309 when the frequency offset estimation value is not valid Occurs.

The input signals stored in the first N-symbol buffer 1301 and the second N-symbol buffer 1303 may be signals received through the same channel through which the same known data is transmitted. Otherwise, the performance of estimating the frequency offset is greatly deteriorated due to the influence of the transmission channel.

The N and K values of the frequency offset estimator 1092 of FIG. 40 can be variously determined. This is because it is possible to use only a specific portion of the known data repeated in the same manner. In this embodiment, when data having the structure shown in FIG. 37 is transmitted, N = BS and K = (AS + BS).

The estimation range of the frequency offset in the frequency offset estimator 1092 is determined by the K value. The larger the value of K, the smaller the estimation range of the frequency offset, and the smaller the value of K, the greater the estimation range of the frequency offset. Therefore, when the data having the structure shown in FIG. 37 is transmitted, if the repetition period (AS + BS) of the known data is long, the frequency offset estimation range is reduced. In this case, even if the initial frequency offset is estimated in the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and the initial frequency offset is compensated in the second multiplier 1050, the residual frequency offset after compensation is used as the estimated range of the frequency offset estimator 1092 Can be exceeded.

As a method for compensating this point, the known data sequence transmitted periodically can be composed of repetition of the same part using a cyclic extension. In this embodiment, if the known data of FIG. 37 is composed of two identical portions of the length BS / 2, N = BS / 2 and K = BS / 2 of the frequency offset estimator 1092 of FIG. In this case, it is possible to have a wider range of estimation than when using repeated known data.

Meanwhile, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 detects a position of a known data sequence transmitted periodically or aperiodically and estimates an initial frequency offset in the known data detection process .

The known sequence position indicator detected by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 is supplied to the timing recovery unit 1080, the carrier recovery unit 1090, The equalizer 1110, and the equalizer 1003, and outputs the estimated initial frequency offset to the carrier recovery unit 1090. [

At this time, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 may receive the output of the matched filter 1060 or the output of the resampler 1040, which is a designer's option.

The frequency offset estimator of FIG. 40 may be applied to the known frequency offset estimator 1004-1 or the frequency offset estimator of the phase compensator 1110 as it is.

FIG. 41 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator according to the present invention, in which an initial frequency offset is estimated together with known data location information. FIG. 41 is a diagram considering a case where an input signal is oversampled N times. That is, N represents the sampling rate of the received signal.

41, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator includes N partial correlation units 1411 to 141N configured in parallel, a known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420, a known data extraction unit 1430, An adder 1440, a multiplier 1450, an NCO 1460, a frequency offset estimator 1470, and an adder 1480.

The first partial correlator 1411 includes a 1 / N decimator and a partial correlator. The second partial correlator 1412 is composed of a 1-sample delay unit, a 1 / N decimator, and a partial correlator. The Nth partial correlator 141N includes an N-1 sample delay unit, a 1 / N decimator, and a partial correlator.

This is to match the phase of each sample in the oversampled symbol to the phase of the original symbol, to decimate the samples in the remaining phases and then to perform partial correlation, respectively. That is, the input signal is decimated at a ratio of 1 / N for each sampling phase and passes through each partial correlator.

For example, if the input signal is oversampled twice, that is, if N = 2, then it means that two samples are included in one symbol, in which case the partial correlator has two (e.g., 1411, 1412) And a 1 / N decimator is 1/2 decimeter.

At this time, the 1 / N decimator of the first partial correlator 1411 decimates (removes) a sample located between the symbol position and the symbol position in the input sample and outputs it to the partial correlator.

The one sample delay of the second partial correlator 1412 delays the input sample by one sample and outputs it to the 1 / N decimator. Then, the 1 / N decimator decimates (samples) a sample located between the symbol position and the symbol position among the samples input from the 1 sample delay unit, and outputs the decimated sample to the partial correlator.

Each of the partial correlators outputs a correlation value and a coarse frequency offset estimation value at the instant at every predetermined period of the VSB symbol to the known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420.

The known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420 stores the output of the partial correlator for each sampling phase for a predetermined period of time or a data group period and determines a position having a maximum correlation value among the values as a reception position of known data And finally determines the frequency offset estimation value at that moment as the approximate frequency offset value of the receiving system.

The known sequence position indicator is provided to a known data extraction unit 1430, a timing recovery unit 1080, a carrier recovery unit 1090, a phase compensation unit 1110, and an equalizer 1003 , The approximate frequency offset is provided to adder 1480 and NCO 1460.

Meanwhile, the buffer 1440 temporally stores the received data and outputs it to the known data extracting unit 1430 while estimating the known data position and the approximate frequency offset in the N partial correlating units 1411 to 141N.

The known data extraction unit 1430 extracts the known data from the output of the buffer 1440 using known data location information output from the known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420 and then outputs the known data to the multiplier 1450 Output.

The NCO 1460 generates a complex signal corresponding to the approximate frequency offset output from the known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420 and outputs the complex signal to the multiplier 1450.

The multiplier 1450 multiplies the known data output from the known data extractor 1430 by the complex signal of the NCO 1460 and outputs the known data compensated for the frequency offset to the frequency offset estimator 1470.

The frequency offset estimator 1470 estimates a fine frequency offset from known known frequency offset compensated known data and outputs the estimated fine frequency offset to the adder 1480.

The adder 1480 adds the approximate frequency offset and the fine frequency offset and outputs the result as an initial frequency offset to the adder 1095 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 in the demodulator 1002. That is, the present invention estimates the fine frequency offset as well as the approximate frequency offset at the time of initial synchronization acquisition, thereby improving the estimation performance of the initial frequency offset.

Assuming that the known data is inserted and transmitted in a data group as shown in FIG. 5, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 uses the correlation of the known data of the ACQ region in the first known data area So that the initial frequency offset can be estimated.

The field synchronization position information estimated by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and / or the location information of the known data periodically inserted into the data group is supplied to a timing error detector 1083 of the timing recovery unit 1080 The frequency offset estimator 1092 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 and the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensation unit 1110 and the equalizer 1003. [

FIG. 42 shows the structure of one of the partial correlators of FIG. 41; FIG. Since the received signal includes the frequency offset in the known data detection step, each partial correlator divides the reference known data known by the promise at the transmitting / receiving side into K parts having L symbol length and correlates with the corresponding part of the received signal. Take it.

To this end, one partial correlator may include K phase and magnitude detectors 1511-115K, an adder 1520, and a coarse frequency offset estimator 1530 arranged in parallel.

The first phase and magnitude detector 1511 includes an L symbol buffer 1511-2, a multiplier 1511-3, an accumulator 1511-4, and a squarer 1511-5, The correlation value of the known data of the first L symbol length is obtained.

The second phase and magnitude detector 1512 includes an L symbol delay unit 1512-1, an L symbol buffer 1512-2, a multiplier 1512-3, an accumulator 1512-4, and a squarer 1512-4 -5), and obtains the correlation value of the known data of the second L-symbol length among the K intervals.

The Kth phase and magnitude detector 151K includes a (K-1) L symbol delay unit 151K-1, an L symbol buffer 151K-2, a multiplier 151K-3, an accumulator 151K- And a squarer 151K-5 to obtain a correlation value of the known data of the Kth L symbol length among the K intervals.

{P0, P1, ..., PKL-1} multiplied by the received signal in each multiplier shown in FIG. 42 represents reference known data (that is, reference known data generated on the receiving side) , * Represents a complex conjugate.

41, the signal output from the 1 / N decimator of the first partial correlator 1411 of FIG. 41 is supplied to the L-symbol buffer 1511 of the first phase and size detector 1511 1511-2, and then input to the multiplier 1511-3. The multiplier 1511-3 multiplies the output of the L symbol buffer 1511-2 and the known data P0, P1, ..., PL-1 of the first L symbol length out of K known intervals into a complex conjugate And outputs it to the accumulator 1511-4. The accumulator 1511-4 accumulates the output of the multiplier 1511-3 during L symbols and outputs the result to the squarer 1511-5 and the coarse frequency offset estimator 1530. [ The output of the accumulator 1511-4 is a correlation value having a phase and a magnitude. Therefore, the magnitude of the correlation value is obtained by taking the absolute value at the output of the multiplier 1511 - 5 and squaring the absolute value thereof, and the magnitude is input to the adder 1520.

The adder 1520 adds the outputs of the squarers of the phase and size detectors 1511 to 151K to the known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420.

The coarse frequency offset estimator 1530 receives the outputs of the accumulators of the phase and size detectors 1511 to 151K, estimates a coarse frequency offset in the corresponding sampling phase, and outputs the estimated frequency offset to the known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420 .

When the K inputs output from the accumulators of the phase and magnitude detectors 1511 to 151K are {Z ₀ , Z ₁ , ..., Z _{K -1} }, the output of the coarse frequency offset estimator 130 Can be obtained by the following Equation (7).

The known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420 stores the output of the partial correlator for each sampling phase for a predetermined period of time or a data group period and determines a position having a maximum correlation value among the values as a reception position of known data And determines the frequency offset estimation value of the instant as the approximate frequency offset value of the receiving system. For example, if one of the outputs of the partial correlator of the second partial correlator 1412 has a maximum value, the position is determined as a known data position, and the approximate frequency estimated by the second partial correlator 1412 And determines the offset as the final coarse frequency offset and outputs it to the demodulator 1002.

The output of the second multiplier 1050 is input to a timing error detector 1083 through a decimator 1081 and a buffer 1082 of the timing recovery unit 1080.

If the output of the second multiplier 1050 is oversampled N times, the output of the second multiplier 1050 is decimated by 1 / N in the decimator 1081 and then input to the buffer 1082 do. That is, the decimator 1081 decimates the input signal at a VSB symbol period. The decimator 1081 may receive the output of the matched filter 1060 instead of the output of the second multiplier 1050.

The timing error detector 1083 detects a timing error using the known data before and after the matched filtering and the known data position information output from the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, . That is, the timing error detector 1083 detects a timing error from the known data sequence before or after the matched filtering and outputs the detected timing error to the loop filter 1084. Therefore, the detected timing error information is obtained once every repetition period of the known data sequence.

The timing error detector 1083 may detect a timing error using the known data if the known data sequence having the same pattern is periodically inserted and transmitted as shown in FIG.

There are various methods for detecting the timing error using the known data. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a timing error is detected using a correlation characteristic between reference data and received data known by the promise of a transmitter / receiver in a time domain, or a correlation error between two known data To detect a timing error. In another embodiment, a spectral line method of detecting a timing error using a sideband of the spectrum of a received signal may be applied to detect a timing error.

The loop filter 1084 filters the timing error detected by the timing error detector 1083 and outputs the filtered timing error to the maintainer 1085.

The maintainer 1085 maintains the timing error filtered and outputted by the loop filter 1084 for a period of a known data sequence, and outputs the timing error to the NCO 1086. Here, the positions of the loop filter 1084 and the holder 1085 may be exchanged with each other. The function of the retainer 1085 may also be included in the loop filter 1084 and the retainer 1085 omitted.

The NCO 1086 accumulates the timing errors output from the retainer 1085 and outputs the phase component of the accumulated timing error, that is, the sampling clock, to the resampler 1040, and outputs the sampling timing of the resampler 1040 .

Fig. 43 includes first and second timing error detectors 1611 and 1612, a Mux 1613, a loop filter 1614, and an NCO 1615 as another embodiment of the timing recovery unit.

In a case where an area in which the known data exists and an area in which there is no known data are transmitted in the broadcast signal, the method of detecting the timing error may vary depending on the presence or absence of the known data. Then, a timing error detector suitable for the presence or absence of known data can be used. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 43, it is effective to apply to a case where known data of a predetermined length is divided into an area to be inserted at a predetermined position and an area to which known data is not inserted.

For example, assume that the first timing error detector 1611 detects a timing error using a side band of the spectrum of the received signal, and the second timing error detector 1612 detects a timing error using known data lets do it.

Then, the multiplexer 1613 selects the output of the first timing error detector 1611 in the region where there is no known data, selects the output of the second timing error detector 1612 in the region where the known data exists, As shown in FIG. Or the output of the first timing error detector 1611 and the output of the second timing error detector 1612 may be combined and output to the loop filter 1614 in an area where known data exists. In this manner, in the region where the known data exists, the timing clock can be restored more stably by detecting the more reliable timing error using the known data.

There are various timing error detection methods using the known data. Here, two embodiments of a timing error detection method are disclosed. One is a method of detecting a timing error using the correlation characteristics between the reference base data and the received data known by the promise of the transmitter / receiver in the time domain, and the other is a method of detecting correlation errors Is used to detect a timing error.

FIGS. 44 and 45 show an example in which a timing error is detected by obtaining a correlation value between a reference known data (that is, reference data generated on the receiving side) known by the promise of the transmitting / receiving side and a received signal.

44 (a) shows an example of calculating a correlation value with a received signal sequence while moving the entire reference known data sequence repeated for each data block period according to the received signal sequence. At this time, as shown in FIG. 44 (b), the correlation value between the reference station data string and the received signal outputs the maximum value or the peak value at the last symbol position of the known data string of the received signal.

Figure 45 (a) shows an example of dividing a known data sequence into two or more parts to obtain a correlation value. In this case, the peaks of the correlation value of the known data occur at the last symbol position of the separated part of each known data. Then, the final peak value can be calculated through calculation such as summation of the generated peak values by one value. FIG. 45 (b) shows final correlation values, which are the sum of correlation values and their correlation values, when the known data is divided into three parts and correlated.

The timing error can be calculated from the peak position of the correlation value. As shown in FIG. 44, when one correlation value is obtained by using all one known data sequence, timing error detection can be detected once every data block period. However, if the correlation value of the received signal is obtained by dividing the known data sequence as shown in FIG. 45, a more accurate timing error can be calculated when the correlation degree of the known data sequence is decreased. It is possible to obtain a peak of the correlation value corresponding to the divided number.

When a single peak value is calculated by dividing one known sequence of data by obtaining a plurality of correlation peak values and performing an operation such as a summation thereof to obtain a correlation value by dividing the known data sequence into portions rather than using the entire known data sequence, The influence of errors can be reduced. In addition, when timing errors are detected using a plurality of correlation peak values, timing recovery speed can be increased. For example, if a reference station data string known by an appointment at the transmitting / receiving end is divided into K parts and correlated with a received signal, peaks of correlation values of K can be obtained in the known data sequence, , Or a number of timing errors adjusted by the combination can be obtained. Therefore, when the entire known data sequence is used, the dispersion of the timing error detection value is small, but the application period is long. In the case of using the partial known data sequence, the dispersion may be slightly increased but the adaptive period may be reduced .

The timing error can be calculated from the peak portion of the correlation value. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 46, if one correlation value is obtained by using the entire known data sequence, a timing error is detected once every data block period. However, if the correlation value of the received signal is obtained by dividing the known data sequence as shown in FIG. 45, it is possible to obtain a peak of the correlation value corresponding to the number obtained by dividing the known data sequence, and it is possible to detect a timing error equal to the number of division.

Referring to FIG. 46, a method of detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between the reference known data and the received data described in FIGS. 44 and 45 will be described in detail. In the figure, a thick point indicates a correlation value between known data and received data, and a solid line indicates a flow of the points. These points indicate that correlation values are obtained for the samples sampled at a cycle twice as fast as the symbol clock.

In FIG. 46, the correlation value between the reference known data sequence and the received data sequence appears symmetrically with respect to the peak, similar to the shape of the solid line in the figure, without influence of the random data, and no noise and no error of the timing clock. However, if there is a timing phase error, the symmetry of the samples just before and after the peak will not be maintained, but a difference will occur. Therefore, the timing error detection using the correlation value can be calculated by using a value proportional to the difference between the immediately preceding value and the subsequent value of the peak value.

47 is a detailed block diagram showing an example of a timing error detector for detecting a timing error in the time domain using the correlation value between the reference known data and the received signal. The example of FIG. 47 includes a correlator 1701, a downsampler 1702, an absolute value calculator 1703, a delay unit 1704, and a subtractor 1705.

The correlator 1701 receives data sampled at a clock speed twice as high as a symbol clock frequency, calculates a correlation value with a known data symbol stream, and outputs the correlated data to a downsampler 1702. The downsampler 1702 downsamples the correlation value by a sampling rate to obtain a sample of the symbol frequency. For example, if the received data input to the correlator 1701 is data sampled at twice the symbol frequency, the downsampler 1701 down-samples the symbol to obtain a symbol frequency sample. The correlation value of the downsampler 1701 is input to an absolute value calculator 1703. The absolute value calculator 1703 calculates the square of the absolute value or the absolute value of the downsampled correlation values, Component. The output of the absolute value calculator 1703 is provided to a delay unit 1704 and a subtractor 1705. The subtractor 1705 outputs the difference between the square of the absolute value or the absolute value or the square of the current absolute value or absolute value delayed by one symbol in the delay 1704 as a timing error value. That is, a difference between a value obtained by delaying the output of the absolute value calculator 1703 by one symbol and an output value of the absolute value calculator 1703 is a value proportional to a timing phase error.

Here, the posterior relationship of each block is not absolute but can be calculated by changing the order of the blocks within a logically reasonable range in which the result does not change. For example, operations may be performed in the order of a downsampler, a correlator, and an absolute value calculator, or may be performed in the order of a correlator, an absolute value calculator, and a downsampler.

The timing error may be detected using the frequency characteristic of the known data. When a timing frequency error occurs, the phase is constantly increased or decreased as the frequency increases in the frequency domain signal band, and the slope of the phase change increases or decreases according to the frequency of the next block compared to the current block. Therefore, it is possible to detect the slope of the phase change according to the frequency using the frequency characteristic between two blocks of the known data and use it as the timing frequency error.

FIG. 48 illustrates an example of detecting a timing frequency error using the frequency characteristics of the known data described above. Converts the currently received known data sequence into a signal in a frequency domain by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and converts the previously received known data stream into a frequency domain signal by FFT. Then, the correlation value is calculated in the frequency domain by multiplying the conjugate value of the frequency response of the previous known data sequence and each frequency value of the frequency response of the current known data sequence. That is, by obtaining the correlation value between the frequency value of the previous known data row and the frequency value of the current known data row, the phase change between the known data blocks at each frequency can be extracted. It is also possible to eliminate the influence of the phase distortion due to the channel.

Since the frequency response of the complex number VSB signal exists only in half without a value in the entire area as in the frequency response example of FIG. 46 due to the VSB characteristic, the frequency domain correlation value is also present only in the half area. In order to obtain the phase slope of the correlation value in the frequency domain, the frequency domain in which the correlation value exists is divided into two, and the respective phases of the values of the sum of the intra-region correlation values in each region are obtained. Then, the timing frequency error can be calculated by finding the difference between the two phases obtained in the two areas.

When the components of each correlation value are divided into magnitude and phase, the magnitude component of each correlation value is proportional to the reliability and is proportional to the magnitude of the magnitude of each correlation value. So that the component affects the final phase component.

Fig. 49 shows an example in which a timing error can be detected by the method disclosed in Fig. The timing error detector of FIG. 49 includes an FFT unit 1801, a first delay 1802, a conjugator 1803, a multiplier 1804, an adder 1805, a phase extractor 1806, a second delay 1807, And a subtractor 1808. [ Here, the first delay 1802 is one data block delay and the second delay 1807 is a 1/4 data block delay. The one data block is a block composed of frequency responses of N known symbol streams.

That is, when known data regions are known and a received data symbol sequence is input, the FFT unit 1801 converts a complex number value of consecutive N known data sequences in an input data symbol sequence into a complex value in a frequency domain, And outputs it to the delay 1802 and the multiplier 1804. The first delay 1802 delays the complex value in the frequency domain of the known data by one data block and outputs it to the conjugator 1803. The conjugator 1803 conjugates the complex value of the input data to the multiplier 1804 . The multiplier 1804 multiplies the known data of the current data block output from the FFT unit 1801 by the complex conjugate of the known data of the previous data block output from the conjugator 1803 on a sample unit basis and outputs it to the adder 1805 . That is, the output of the multiplier 840 is the correlation values in the frequency domain in one known data block.

Since the VSB data of the complex number has data only in a half area in the frequency domain, the adder 1805 divides the meaningful data area in the known data block into half, accumulates the correlation values of the corresponding area in each area And outputs it to the phase extractor 1806. The phase extractor 1806 extracts only the phase information from the accumulated values in the two significant data areas, and outputs the phase information to the second delay 1807 and the subtractor 1808. The phase information delayed by 1/4 block in the second delay 1807 is input to a subtractor 1808.

The subtractor 1808 obtains the difference between the phase information delayed by 1/4 data block in the second delay 1807 and the phase information of the phase extractor 860 and outputs the difference as a timing frequency error value.

A method of obtaining a correlation value between a known signal and a received signal in a time domain and obtaining a timing error at a peak thereof in a time domain as in the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that when a received signal experiences a multi- Shape is affected by the channel. However, as in the other embodiments, when the timing error is obtained using the correlation value between the previously received known data and the received known data, the influence of the channel can be reduced.

In addition, the timing error detection method described above may perform timing error detection using all of the known data streams inserted in the transmitter, or may reduce the influence of random data depending on the channel in order to eliminate the influence of the multi- It is also possible to perform timing error detection by taking only a part of the known data sequence.

Meanwhile, the DC eliminator 1070 removes the inserted pilot tone (i.e., DC) from the matched filtered signal and outputs it to the phase compensator 1110.

FIG. 50 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of a DC remover according to the present invention. The real signal component (In-phase, I) and the imaginary component (Quadrature, Q) of a complex input signal are subjected to the same signal processing process, The DC value in the component is estimated and then removed.

50 is largely composed of first and second DC estimators and removers 1900 and 1950. FIG.

The first DC estimator and eliminator 1900 includes an R sample buffer 1901, a DC estimator 1902, an M sample maintainer 1903, a C sample delay 1904 and a subtractor 1905, The DC of the component is estimated and removed.

The second DC estimator and eliminator 1950 includes an R sample buffer 1951, a DC estimator 1952, an M sample maintainer 1953, a C sample delay 1954, and a subtractor 1955, The DC of the component is estimated and removed.

The first DC estimator and eliminator 1900 will be described in detail and the second DC estimator and eliminator 1900 will be described in detail since both structures are the same except for the input signals of the first and second DC estimator and remover 1900 and 1950, 1950 will not be described in detail.

That is, the signal of the matched filtered real component in the matched filter 1060 is input to and stored in the R sample buffer 1901 of the first DC estimator and remover 1900 in the DC remover 1070. The R sample buffer 1901 is a buffer having an R sample length and the output of the R sample buffer 1901 is input to a DC estimator 1902 and a C sample delay 1904.

The DC estimator 1902 estimates a DC value using Equation 8 using R sample length data output from the buffer 1901.

In Equation (8), x [n] denotes input sample data stored in the buffer 1901, and y [n] denotes a DC estimation value.

That is, the DC estimator 1902 estimates the DC value by accumulating the R sample data stored in the buffer 1901 and dividing the R sample data by R. At this time, the DC sample data stored in the buffer 1901 is shifted by M samples shifts the DC estimate once every M samples.

Fig. 51 shows the movement of the input sample data used for the DC estimation. For example, when M = 1, the DC estimator 1902 estimates a DC value every time a sample moves into the buffer 1901, and outputs the result every sample. If M = R, the DC estimator 1902 estimates the DC value every time the R sample is moved to the buffer 1901, and outputs an output for each R sample. In this case, the DC estimator 1902 calculates And becomes an operating DC estimator. Here, the value of M may be any value between 1 and R. [

Since the output of the DC estimator 1902 is output for every M samples, the M sample retainer 1903 holds the DC value estimated by the DC estimator 1902 for M samples and outputs the DC value to the subtractor 1905. The C sample delay 1904 delays the input sample data stored in the buffer 1901 by C samples and outputs the result to the subtractor 1905. The subtracter 1905 subtracts the output of the M sample retainer 1903 from the output of the C sample delay 1904 and outputs a DC-free signal of the real component.

Here, the C sample delay 1904 determines to which input sample data the output of the DC estimator 1902 is to be compensated. Specifically, the DC estimator and eliminator 1900 can be divided into a DC estimator 1902 for estimating the DC and a subtractor 1905 for compensating the estimated DC value for the input sample data. At this time, the C sample delay 1904 determines to which part of the input sample data the estimated DC value is to be compensated. For example, if C = 0, the DC estimated value is compensated at the beginning of the R sample by using the R sample, and if C = R, the DC estimated value is compensated at the end of the R sample by using the R sample .

The DC removed data is input to the buffer 1111 and the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110. [

52 is a detailed block diagram showing another embodiment of the DC eliminator according to the present invention. The same processing is performed on the real component (In-phase, I) and the imaginary component (Quadrature, Q) of the complex input signal The DC value of each component is estimated and removed.

52 is largely composed of first and second DC estimation and removers 2100 and 2150. [ 52 is an IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) structure.

The first DC estimator and eliminator 2100 includes a multiplier 2101, an adder 2102, a 1 sample delay 2103, a multiplier 2104, a C sample delay 2105, and a subtractor 2106 , DC of the real component is estimated and then removed.

The second DC estimator and eliminator 2150 includes a multiplier 2151, an adder 2152, a 1 sample delay 2153, a multiplier 2154, a C sample delay 2155, and a subtractor 2156 , The DC of the imaginary component is estimated and then removed.

The first DC estimator and eliminator 2100 will be described in detail and the second DC estimator and eliminator 2100 will be described in detail since both structures are the same except for the input signals of the first and second DC estimators and eliminators 2100 and 2150, 2150 will not be described in detail.

That is, the signal of the matched filtered real component in the matched filter 1060 is input to the multiplier 2101 and the C sample delay 2105 of the first DC estimator and remover 2100 in the DC remover 1070. The multiplier 2101 multiplies the input real-valued signal by a predetermined constant a and outputs the multiplied signal to an adder 2102. The adder 2102 adds the output of the multiplier 2101 and the output of the multiplier 2104 fed back to the 1-sample delay 2103 and the subtractor 2106. That is, the output of the adder 2102 is the DC value of the estimated real component.

The 1-sample delay unit 2103 delays the estimated DC value by 1 sample and outputs the result to the multiplier 2104. The multiplier 2104 multiplies the 1-sample delayed DC value by a predetermined constant (1- 2102).

The C sample delay unit 2105 delays the input sample data of the real number component by C samples and outputs the result to the subtractor 2106. The subtracter 2106 subtracts the output of the adder 2102 from the output of the C sample delay 2105 and outputs a DC-free signal of the real component.

The DC removed data is input to the buffer 1111 and the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110 of FIG.

The frequency offset estimator 1112 removes DC from the DC remover 1070 when a known data sequence is input using known data location information output from the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 9041 Estimates a frequency offset from the known data sequence, and outputs it to the retainer 1113. Similarly, the frequency offset estimation value is obtained once every repetition period of the known data sequence.

Therefore, the retainer 1113 holds the frequency offset estimation value for a period of the known data sequence, and outputs the frequency offset estimation value to the NCO 1114. The NCO 1114 generates a complex signal corresponding to the frequency offset held in the retainer 1113 and outputs the complex signal to the multiplier 1115.

The multiplier 1115 multiplies the complex signal output from the NCO 1114 by the data delayed by a predetermined time in the buffer 1111 to compensate for a phase change included in the delay data. The data in which the phase shift is compensated in the multiplier 1115 is provided to the equalizer 903 via the decimator 1500. [ At this time, the frequency offset estimated by the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110 does not pass through the loop filter, and thus represents a phase difference between known data streams, that is, a phase offset.

Channel equalizer

The demodulated data using the known data in the demodulator 1002 is input to the equalizer 1003. The demodulated data may also be input to known data detector 1004.

The channel equalizer 1003 can perform channel equalization in various manners. In the present invention, channel equalization is performed by estimating a channel impulse response (CIR).

Particularly, in the present invention, estimation and application of a channel impulse response (CIR) are different according to each region in a data group layered and transmitted in a transmission system. In addition, the present invention estimates the CIR using known data and / or field synchronization, which is known by its promise on the transmitting / receiving side, so that channel equalization can be performed more stably.

As shown in FIG. 5, one data group input for equalization is divided into A to D regions, an A region includes MPH block B4 to MPH block B7, a B region includes MPH block B3 and MPH block B8, a C region The MPH block B2 and the MPH block B9, and the D area includes the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10.

Since a maximum of four data groups can be allocated and transmitted in one VSB frame, all data groups do not include field sync in this case. In the present invention, a data group including field synchronization performs channel equalization using field synchronization and known data, and a data group not including field synchronization performs channel equalization using only known data . For example, in the case of a data group including field synchronization, the data of the MPH block B3 can be channelized using the CIR obtained from the field sync and the known data of the first known data area. Also, the data of the MPH blocks B1 and B2 can be compensated for the channel distortion by using the CIR obtained from the field synchronization and the known data of the first known data area. However, since the CIR can not be obtained from the field sync in the case of the data group not including the field sync, the data of the MPH blocks B1 to B3 are compensated for the channel distortion using the CIR obtained in the first known data area and the third known data area .

The present invention performs channel equalization on the data in the data group using the estimated CIR in the known data region. In this case, one of the estimated CIRs is used as it is according to the characteristic of each region of the data group, CIRs generated by interpolation of a plurality of CIRs or extrapolation may be used.

Here, interpolation is a function value at a certain point between Q and S when a function value F (Q) at a point Q and a function value F (S) at a point S are known for a certain function F (x) And the most simple example of the interpolation is linear interpolation. The linear interpolation technique is the simplest example of a number of interpolation techniques, and various other interpolation techniques may be used in addition to the above-mentioned method. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above example.

Also, extrapolation is a process that determines the function value F (Q) at time Q and the function value F (S) at time S for a certain function F (x) It means to estimate the function value at the time point. The simplest example of such extrapolation is linear extrapolation. The linear extrapolation technique is the simplest example of a number of extrapolation techniques, and various extrapolation techniques can be used in addition to the above-described method, so that the present invention is not limited to the above example.

FIG. 53 shows an embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention, in which the residual carrier phase error is estimated and compensated from the channel equalized signal, thereby further improving the reception performance.

FIG. 53 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention. The channel equalizer includes a first frequency domain transformer 3100, a channel estimator 3110, a second frequency domain transformer 3121, A distortion compensation unit 3130, a time domain transform unit 3140, a residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150, a noise canceler (NC) 3160, and a decision unit 3170).

The first frequency domain transform unit 3100 includes an overlap unit 3101 for superimposing input data and an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) unit 3102 for transforming the output data of the superposition unit 3101 into a frequency domain, .

The channel estimator 3110 includes a CIR estimator 3111 for estimating a channel impulse response (CIR) from the input data, a phase compensator 3112 for compensating the phase of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111, A pre-CIR cleaner 3113, a CIR operator 3114, a post-CIR cleaner 3115, and a zero-padding unit 3116 .

The second frequency domain transformer 3121 includes an FFT unit for transforming the CIR output from the channel estimator 3110 into a frequency domain.

The time domain transform unit 3140 includes an IFFT unit 3141 for transforming the distortion compensated data into the time domain by the distortion compensating unit 3130 and extracting only valid data from the output data of the IFFT unit 3141 And a save unit 3142.

The residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150 includes an error compensating unit 3151 that removes the residual carrier phase error included in the channel equalized data and a channel compensator 3150 that uses the channel equalized data and decision data of the decider 3170 And a residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 for estimating a residual carrier phase error and outputting the residual carrier phase error to the error compensator 3151.

The distortion compensating unit 3130 and the error compensating unit 3151 can be any element that performs a complex multiplication function.

Since the data received at this time is data modulated by the VSB method, discrete data of 8 levels exists only in the real component. Therefore, in FIG. 53, all signals used in the noise eliminator 3160 and the determiner 3170 are real signals. However, in order to estimate and compensate the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise, since the imaginary component as well as the real component is required, the residual carrier phase error removing section 3150 uses up to the imaginary component.

In general, before performing channel equalization, a demodulator 1002 in the receiving system performs frequency and phase reconstruction of the carrier. If the residual carrier phase error that is not sufficiently compensated is input to the channel equalizer, . Particularly, in the dynamic channel environment, the residual carrier phase error is larger than the static channel due to the abrupt change of the channel, which causes the degradation of the reception performance.

Also, a local oscillator (not shown) in the receiving system ideally should have a single frequency component, but actually there is a frequency component other than the desired frequency, which is referred to as the phase noise of the local oscillator. The phase noise described above also causes a decrease in reception performance. Such residual carrier phase error and phase noise are difficult to compensate in a conventional channel equalizer.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the channel equalization performance can be improved by including a carrier reconstruction loop, i.e., a residual carrier phase error elimination 3150, for eliminating the residual carrier phase and phase noise, as shown in FIG.

That is, the received data demodulated in FIG. 53 is superimposed with a predetermined overlapping ratio in the overlapping section 3101 of the first frequency domain transforming section 3100, and is output to the FFT section 3102. The FFT unit 3102 transforms the time domain superposed data into frequency domain superposed data through the FFT and outputs the superposed data to the distortion compensating unit 3130.

The distortion compensator 3130 complex-multiplies the frequency-domain superposed data output from the FFT unit 3102 of the first frequency-domain transform unit 3100 by the equalization coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculator 3122, Compensates for the channel distortion of the superimposed data output from the time domain transformer 3102 and outputs it to the IFFT unit 3141 of the time domain transform unit 3140. The IFFT unit 3141 IFFTs the superposed data on which the distortion of the channel is compensated, converts the superposed data into a time domain, and outputs the converted time domain to the save unit 3142. The save unit 3142 extracts only valid data from the overlapped data of the channel equalized time domain and outputs the extracted data to the error compensating unit 3151 of the residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150.

The error compensator 3151 multiplies the valid data extracted in the time domain by a residual carrier phase error and a signal for compensating the phase noise to remove residual carrier phase error and phase noise included in the valid data.

The data in which the residual carrier phase error is compensated in the error compensator 3151 is output to the residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 for estimating the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise, and at the same time, 3160).

The residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 estimates the residual carrier phase error and phase noise using the output data of the error compensator 3151 and the decision data of the determiner 3170 and outputs the estimated residual carrier phase error and phase And outputs a signal for compensating for the noise to the error compensator 3151. The present invention outputs the estimated residual carrier phase error and the inverse number of the phase noise as a signal for compensating the residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

54 is a detailed block diagram showing one embodiment of the residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 and includes a phase error detector 3211, a loop filter 3212, a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) 3213, And a conjugator 3214, as shown in Fig. 54, the decision data, the output of the phase error detector 3211, and the output of the loop filter 3212 are real signals. The output of the error compensator 3151, the output of the NCO 3213, and the output of the coupler 3214 Is a complex number signal.

The phase error detector 3211 receives the output data of the error compensator 3151 and the decision data of the determiner 3170, estimates residual carrier phase error and phase noise, and outputs the residual carrier phase error and phase noise to the loop filter 3212.

The loop filter 3212 filters the residual carrier phase error and phase noise and outputs the result to the NCO 3213. The NCO 3213 generates a sinusoidal wave corresponding to the filtered residual carrier phase error and phase noise, and outputs the sinusoidal wave to the conjugator 3214.

The conjugator 3214 obtains a sinusoidal conjugate value of the NCO 3213 and outputs it to the error compensator 3151. At this time, the output data of the conjugator 3214 becomes a reciprocal of a residual carrier phase error and a signal compensating for phase noise, that is, residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The error compensator 3151 complex-multiplies the equalized data output from the time domain transformer 3140 by a signal compensating residual carrier phase error and phase noise output from the conjugator 3214 and outputs the equalized data Carrier phase errors and phase noise included in the received signal.

Meanwhile, the phase error detector 3211 can estimate residual carrier phase error and phase noise in various methods and structures. In one embodiment of the present invention, residual carrier phase error and phase noise are estimated in a decision-directed manner.

The phase-error-mode phase error detector according to the present invention uses the fact that there is only a real number in the correlation value between the channel equalized data and the decision data when there is no residual carrier phase error and phase noise in the channel equalized data.

That is, assuming that the input data of the phase error detector 3211 is xi + jxq when there is no residual carrier wave phase noise and phase noise, the correlation value between the input data of the phase error detector 3211 and the decision data is expressed by the following mathematical expression Equation 9 is as follows.

Since there is no correlation between xi and xq, the correlation value between xi and xq is 0, so that there is only a real value when the correlation value has no residual carrier phase error and phase noise. However, when there is residual carrier phase error and phase noise, the imaginary component appears in the imaginary part and the imaginary component appears in the real part, so that the imaginary component appears in the correlation value.

Therefore, it can be seen that the imaginary part of the correlation value is proportional to the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise, and the imaginary part of the correlation value can be used as the residual carrier phase error and phase noise as shown in Equation (10).

를 힐버트 변환하여 허수부 결정 데이터

를 만들고, 이를 복소수 구성부(3312)로 출력한다. 상기 복소수 구성부(3312)는 결정 데이터

와

를 이용하여 복소 결정 데이터

를 구성하여 콘쥬게이터(3313)로 출력한다. 상기 콘쥬게이터(3313)는 복소수 구성부(3312)의 출력을 콘쥬게이트시켜 곱셈기(3314)로 출력한다. 상기 곱셈기(3314)는 에러 보상부(3151)의 출력 데이터

와 상기 콘쥬게이터(3313)의 출력 데이터

를 복소곱한다. 즉 상기 곱셈기(3314)의 출력이 에러 보상부(3151)의 출력 데이터와 결정기(3170)의 결정 데이터와의 상관값이 된다. 상기 곱셈기(3314)에서 구한 상관 데이터는 위상 에러 출력부(3315)로 입력된다. FIG. 55 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a structure of the phase error detector 3211 for obtaining the residual carrier phase error and phase noise. The Hilbert transformer 3311, the complex number generator 3312, the conjugator 3313 ), A multiplier 3314, and a phase error output unit 3315. That is, the Hilbert transform unit 3311 receives the decision data of the determiner 3170

Into imaginary part determination data

And outputs it to the complex number configuration unit 3312. [ The complex number constituent unit 3312 receives the decision data

Wow

The complex decision data

And outputs it to the conjugator 3313. The conjugator 3313 conjugates the output of the complex number constituent unit 3312 and outputs it to the multiplier 3314. The multiplier 3314 multiplies the output data of the error compensator 3151

And the output data of the conjugator 3313

. That is, the output of the multiplier 3314 becomes a correlation value between the output data of the error compensator 3151 and the decision data of the determiner 3170. The correlation data obtained by the multiplier 3314 is input to a phase error output unit 3315.

을 잔류 반송파 위상 에러 및 위상 잡음으로서 출력한다. The phase error output unit 3315 outputs the imaginary part of the correlation data output from the multiplier 3314

As residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The phase error detector of FIG. 55 is an example of various phase error detection schemes and various other types of phase error detectors may be applied, so that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. As another embodiment of the present invention, two or more phase error detectors may be combined to detect residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The output of the residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150, which removes the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise, is obtained by amplifying the white noise in the original signal and the channel equalization process in which channel equalization and residual carrier phase error and phase noise are removed, And the sum of the noise signals.

Therefore, the noise eliminator 3160 receives the output data of the residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150 and the decision data of the determiner 3170 to estimate the colored noise. And subtracts the estimated colored noise from the data in which the residual carrier phase error and phase noise are removed, thereby removing the amplified noise in the equalization process.

For this, the noise eliminator 3160 may include a subtractor and a noise predictor. That is, the subtractor subtracts the noise predicted by the noise predictor from the output data of the residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150, and outputs the signal from which the amplified noise has been removed, for data recovery, and outputs it to the determiner 3170. The noise estimator subtracts the output of the determiner 3170 from the residual carrier phase error canceled signal in the residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150 to calculate a noise component and uses it as a filter input in the noise estimator. The noise estimator predicts the color noise component included in the output symbol of the residual carrier phase error removing unit 3150 using the filter (not shown), and outputs the color noise component to the subtractor.

The noise canceled data in the noise canceller 3160 is output for data decoding and is output to the determiner 3170 at the same time.

The determiner 3170 selects decision data closest to the output of the noise eliminator 3160 among a plurality of predetermined decision data, for example, eight decision data, and outputs it to the residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 and the noise And outputs it to the removal unit 3160.

The demodulated received data is input to the superposition unit 3101 of the first frequency domain transform unit 3100 in the channel equalizer and also to the CIR estimator 3111 of the channel estimation unit 3110.

The CIR estimator 3111 estimates the CIR using the training sequence and outputs the estimated CIR to the phase compensator 3112. [ If the data to be channelized is data in a data group including a field sync, the training sequence used in the CIR estimator 3111 may be field sync data and known data. However, if the data to be channelized is data in a data group that does not include field synchronization, the training sequence may be only known data.

For example, the CIR estimator 3111 estimates an impulse response of a channel using data received during a known data interval and reference station data generated at the receiving side by the promise of the transmitting / receiving side. For this, the CIR estimator 3111 receives known data position information from the known data detector 1004.

In addition, the CIR estimator 3111 uses the data received during the field synchronization period and the reference field synchronization data generated at the reception side according to the promise of the transmitting / receiving side to generate an impulse response (CIR_FS ) Can be estimated. For this, the CIR estimator 3111 may receive field sync position information from the known data detector 1004.

The CIR estimator 3111 may estimate a channel impulse response (CIR) using a least-squares (LS) scheme.

의 행렬 연산을 하여 전송 채널의 임펄스 응답(CIR)을 추정하는 방법이다.The LS estimation scheme obtains a cross correlation value p between the known data and the known data already known at the receiving end through the channel during the known data interval and obtains the autocorrelation matrix R of the known data. Then, the autocorrelation portion existing in p, which is a cross-correlation value between the received data and the original data, is removed

To estimate the impulse response (CIR) of the transmission channel.

The phase compensator 3112 compensates for the phase change of the estimated CIR and outputs it to the first cleaner 3113 or the CIR calculator 3114. At this time, the phase compensator 3112 can compensate the phase change of the CIR estimated by the maximum likelihood method.

That is, the residual carrier phase error and phase noise included in the demodulated received data change the phase of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111 for each known data sequence. In this case, if the phase change rate of the input CIR used in the linear interpolation is large and the phase change is not linear, the channel equalization performance is degraded if the channel is compensated by obtaining the equalization coefficient from the CIR estimated through the linear interpolation.

Therefore, the present invention eliminates the phase change amount of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111 so that the distortion compensating unit 3130 allows the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise component to pass without compensation, (3150) to compensate for residual carrier phase error and phase noise components.

For this, the phase compensator 3112 removes the phase change amount of the CIR estimated by the maximum likelihood method.

The basic idea of the maximum likelihood phase compensation method estimates a phase component common to all CIR components, multiplies the inverse of the common phase component by the estimated CIR, and outputs the common phase component to a channel equalizer, that is, a distortion compensator 3130 ).

라 할 때, 새로 추정한 CIR은 이전에 추정한 CIR에 비해 위상이

만큼 회전되어 있다. 상기 Maximum likelihood 위상 보상법은 t 시점에서의 CIR을 h_i(t)라 할 때, h_i(t)를

만큼 회전시켰을 때 t+1 시점에서의 CIR인 h_i(t+1)과의 차의 제곱값이 최소가 되는 위상

를 찾는다. 여기서 i는 추정된 CIR의 탭(tap)을 나타내며, CIR 추정기(3111)에서 추정하는 CIR의 탭 수를 N으로 하였다면, 0이상 N-1이하의 값을 가진다. That is, the common phase component

, The newly estimated CIR is phase-shifted compared to the previously estimated CIR

. The maximum likelihood phase compensation method calculates h _i (t) when the CIR at time t is h _i (t)

When rotated by the phase difference between the square of the t + _i h (t + 1) of CIR in the first time is minimized

. Here, i represents the tap of the estimated CIR. If the number of taps of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111 is N, it has a value of 0 or more and N-1 or less.

This can be summarized by the following equation (11).

에 대해 미분한 값이 0이 되는 조건을 만족하는

가 하기의 수학식 12와 같이 maximum likelihood 관점에서 공통 위상 성분

이 된다.
The right side of Equation (11)

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 0 < / RTI >

Is expressed by Equation (12) as follows: < RTI ID = 0.0 >

.

The above Equation (12) can be summarized as Equation (13) below.

가 된다. That is, the argument of the correlation between h _i (t) and h _i (t + 1)

.

을 구하고, 추정된 위상 성분을 추정된 CIR에서 보상하는 위상 보상기의 일 실시예를 보이고 있다. 56 is a graph showing the relationship between the common phase component

And compensates the estimated phase component at the estimated CIR.

56, the phase compensator is configured to include a correlator 3410, a phase change estimator 3420, a compensation signal generator 3430, and a multiplier 3440.

The correlation calculator 3410 includes a first N symbol buffer 3411, an N symbol delay 3412, a second N symbol buffer 3413, a conjugator 3414, and a multiplier 3415.

That is, the first N-symbol buffer 3411 in the correlation calculator 3410 can store up to N symbols of data input on a symbol-by-symbol basis in the CIR estimator 3111, The stored symbol data is input to a multiplier 3415 and a multiplier 3440 in the correlator 3410.

Simultaneously, the symbol data output from the CIR estimator 3111 is delayed by N symbols in the N symbol delay unit 3412 and then conjugated by the conjugator 3414 via the second N symbol buffer 3413 And is input to the multiplier 3415.

The multiplier 3415 multiplies the output of the first N symbol buffer 3411 by the output of the conjugator 3414 and outputs the result to the accumulator 3421 in the phase change estimator 3420.

That is, the correlation calculator 3410 calculates the correlation value between the current CIR h _i (t + 1) having the N length and the previous CIR h _i (t) having the N length and outputs the correlation value to the accumulator 3421.

를 구하여 보상 신호 생성기(3430)로 출력한다. The accumulator 3421 accumulates the correlation value output from the multiplier 3415 for N symbols and outputs it to the phase detector 3422. From the output of the accumulator 3421, the phase detector 3422 outputs a common phase component < RTI ID = 0.0 >

And outputs it to the compensation signal generator 3430.

를 위상 보상 신호로서 곱셈기(3440)로 출력한다. 상기 곱셈기(3440)는 상기 제1 N 심볼 버퍼(3411)에서 출력되는 현재 CIR인 h_i(t+1)에 위상 보상 신호

를 곱하여 추정된 CIR의 위상 변화량을 제거한다.The compensation signal generator 3430 receives the complex signal having a phase opposite to the detected phase

To the multiplier 3440 as a phase compensation signal. The multiplier 3440 multiplies the current CIR h _i (t + 1) output from the first N-symbol buffer 3411 by a phase compensation signal

To remove the estimated phase variation of the CIR.

The Maximum Likelihood phase compensator 3112 obtains the phase component of the correlation value between the input CIR and the previous CIR delayed by N symbols and generates a phase compensation signal having a phase opposite to the obtained phase, By multiplying the CIR, the phase variation of the estimated CIR is removed.

The CIR compensated for the phase change is input to the CIR calculator 3114 through the first cleaner 3113 or by bypassing the first cleaner 3113 as described above. The CIR operator 3114 interpolates or extrapolates the estimated CIR to the second cleaner 3115. Here, the estimated CIR is the CIR with the phase change compensated.

The first cleaner 3113 may or may not operate according to whether the CIR operator 3114 interpolates or extrapolates the estimated CIR. For example, if interpolation is performed on the estimated CIR, the first cleaner 3113 does not operate and the first cleaner 3113 operates when the extrapolated CIR is estimated.

That is, the CIR estimated from the known data includes not only channel components to be obtained but also jitter components due to noise. Since the jitter component deteriorates the performance of the equalizer, it is preferable to remove the jitter component before using the CIR in the coefficient calculation unit 3122. [ Accordingly, the first and second cleaners 3113 and 3115 remove (i.e., make '0') a portion of the input CIR component whose power is below a preset threshold value do. This removal process is called CIR cleaning.

That is, the CIR interpolation in the CIR calculator 3114 is performed by the CIR estimator 3112 and multiplies the two CIRs, which are phase-compensated in the phase compensator 3112, by the coefficients. At this time, some of the noise components of the CIR are added together and canceled. Therefore, when the CIR interpolator 3114 performs CIR interpolation, the original CIR with noise components remains. That is, when performing the CIR interpolation in the CIR calculator 3114, the estimated CIR compensated by the phase compensator 3112 is input to the CIR calculator 3114 by bypassing the first cleaner 3113. The CIR interpolated by the CIR calculator 3114 is cleaned by the second cleaner 3115.

On the other hand, the CIR extrapolation in the CIR operator 3114 is performed by estimating a CIR located outside the two CIRs using the difference between the two CIRs whose phase shifts are compensated in the phase compensator 3112. [ Therefore, at this time, the noise component of the CIR is rather amplified. Therefore, when the CIR operator 3114 performs CIR extrapolation, the cleaned CIR is used in the first cleaner 3113. That is, when performing the CIR extrapolation in the CIR operator 3114, the extrapolated CIR is input to the zero padding unit 3116 via the second cleaner 3115.

On the other hand, when the CIR output from the second cleaner 3115 is CIN, which is input when the CIR is transformed from the second frequency domain transformer 3121 to the frequency domain, does not match the FFT size Lt; / RTI > That is, the length of the CIR may be smaller than the FFT size. In this case, the zero padding unit 3116 adds '0' to the CIR by the difference between the FFT size and the inputted CIR length, and outputs the result to the second frequency domain transform unit 3121. Here, the zero padded CIR may be one of the interpolated CIR, the extrapolated CIR, and the estimated CIR in the known data interval.

The second frequency domain transformer 3121 performs FFT on the CIR of the input time domain to convert the input CIR to a frequency domain CIR and outputs the CIR to the coefficient calculator 3122.

The coefficient calculator 3122 calculates an equalization coefficient using the CIR of the frequency domain output from the second frequency domain transformer 3121 and outputs the calculated equalization coefficient to the distortion compensator 3130. In this case, the coefficient calculator 3122 calculates a frequency-domain equalization coefficient for minimizing the mean square error (MMSE) from the CIR of the frequency domain, and outputs the equalized coefficient to the distortion compensator 3130 .

The distortion compensator 3130 complex-multiplies the frequency-domain superposed data output from the FFT unit 3102 of the first frequency-domain transform unit 3100 by the equalization coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculator 3122, Compensates channel distortion of the superimposed data output from the demodulator 3102.

FIG. 57 shows another embodiment in which the estimation and application of the channel impulse response (CIR) are different according to the areas A, B, C, and D when the data group is divided into the structure as shown in FIG.

5, since the sufficiently long known data is periodically transmitted in the A / B region (i.e., the MPH blocks B3 to B8), the indirect equalization method using the CIR can be used. However, the C / D region In other words, in the MPH blocks B1, B2, B9, and B10, not only the known data can not be transmitted for a sufficiently long time, but the data can not be periodically transmitted, so it is not suitable for estimating the CIR using known data. Therefore, in the C / D region, a direct equalization method that updates the coefficient using the output of the equalizer should be used.

For example, the data of the A / B region is subjected to channel equalization of the indirect equalization method using the cyclic prefix and the CIR, and the data of the C / D region is subjected to the superposition & The channel equalization of the direct equalization method that updates the equalizer coefficient can be performed.

To this end, the frequency domain channel equalizer of FIG. 57 includes a frequency domain transformer 3510, a distortion compensator 3520, a time domain transformer 3530, a first coefficient calculator 3540, a second coefficient calculator 3550, And a coefficient selection unit 3560.

The frequency domain transform unit 3510 may include a superimposing unit 3511, a selecting unit 3512, and a first FFT unit 3513.

The time domain transform unit 3530 may include an IFFT unit 3531, a save unit 3532, and a selection unit 3533.

The first coefficient calculator 3540 may include a CIR estimator 3541, an averaging calculator 3542, a second FFT calculator 3543, and a coefficient calculator 3544.

The second coefficient calculator 3550 includes a determiner 3551, a selector 3552, a subtractor 3553, a zero padding unit 3554, a third FFT unit 3555, a coefficient updating unit 3556, 3557 < / RTI >

At this time, the selection unit 3512 of the frequency-domain transform unit 3510, the selection unit 3533 of the time-domain transform unit 3530, and the coefficient selection unit 3560 determine whether the current input data is the data of the A / And a multiplexer (that is, a multiplexer) for selecting input data according to the data of the C / D region.

57, if the input data is the data of the A / B area, the selection unit 3512 of the frequency domain conversion unit 3510 selects the input data and the input data of the output data of the superimposition unit 3511, The selection unit 3533 of the area conversion unit 3530 selects the output data of the IFFT unit 3531 among the output data of the IFFT unit 3531 and the output data of the save unit 3532. [ The coefficient selector 3560 selects the equalization coefficient output from the first coefficient calculator 3540.

If the input data is the data of the C / D region, the selection unit 3512 of the frequency domain transformation unit 3510 selects the output data of the superimposition unit 3511 from the input data and the output data of the superposition unit 3511, The selection unit 3533 of the time domain transform unit 3530 selects the output data of the IFFT unit 3531 and the output data of the save unit 3532 among the output data of the save unit 3532. The coefficient selector 3560 selects an equalization coefficient output from the second coefficient calculator 3550.

That is, the received data is input to the superimposing unit 3511, the selecting unit 3512, and the first coefficient operating unit 3540 of the frequency domain converting unit 3510. If the input data is the data of the A / B area, the selector 3512 selects the received data and outputs the data to the first FFT unit 3513. If the input data is data of the C / D area, And outputs it to the first FFT unit 3513. The first FFT unit 3513 performs FFT on the time domain data output from the selection unit 3512 and converts the time domain data into a frequency domain and then outputs a signal to the distortion compensator 3520 and a delay 3557 of the second coefficient calculator 3550 .

The distortion compensator 3520 complex-multiplies the equalization coefficient output from the coefficient selector 3560 with the frequency-domain data output from the first FFT unit 3513 and outputs the data output from the first FFT unit 3513 And then outputs the signal to the IFFT unit 3531 of the time domain transform unit 3530. [

The IFFT unit 3531 of the time-domain transform unit 3530 IFFT-transforms the channel-distortion-compensated data into a time domain, and outputs the data to the save unit 3532 and the selection unit 3533. If the input data is the data of the A / B area, the selector 3533 selects the output data of the IFFT unit 3531. If the input data is data of the C / D area, the selector 3533 selects the valid data extracted by the save unit 3532, And outputs it to the second coefficient calculator 3550 at the same time as outputting it for decoding.

The CIR estimator 3541 of the first coefficient operating unit 3540 estimates the CIR using the data received during the known data interval and the reference known data generated at the receiving side by the promise of the transmitting / receiving side, 3542). Also, the CIR estimator 3541 can estimate the CIR using the data received during the field synchronization period and the reference field synchronization data generated at the reception side, and outputs the estimated CIR to the averaging unit 3542.

The average calculator 3542 calculates an average value of the input continuous CIRs and outputs the average value to the second FFT unit 3543.

The second FFT unit 3543 FFTs the CIR of the input time domain to convert the input CIR into the frequency domain, and outputs the result to the coefficient computing unit 3544.

The coefficient calculator 3544 calculates an equalization coefficient that satisfies a condition for minimizing the mean square error using the frequency domain CIR and outputs the calculated equalization coefficient to the coefficient selector 3560.

The determiner 3551 of the second coefficient calculator 3550 selects a decision value closest to the equalized data among a plurality of decision values, for example, eight decision values, and outputs the selected decision value to the selector 3552. The selector 3552 selects the decision value of the determiner 3551 in the normal data interval, selects the known data in the known data interval, and outputs the selected data to the subtractor 3553. The subtracter 3553 subtracts the output of the selector 3533 of the time domain transformer 3530 from the output of the selector 3552 to obtain an error and outputs the error value to the zero padding unit 3554.

The zero padding unit 3554 adds 0 (zero) corresponding to the amount by which the received data is superimposed on the error to be input, and outputs the zero to the third FFT unit 3555. The third FFT unit 3555 transforms the error of the time domain to which 0 is added into an error of the frequency domain, and outputs it to the coefficient updating unit 3556. The coefficient updating unit 3556 updates the previous equalization coefficient using the data in the frequency domain delayed by the delay unit 3557 and the error in the frequency domain, and outputs the updated equalization coefficient to the coefficient selecting unit 3560. The updated equalization coefficient is then stored for use as the previous equalization factor.

If the input data is the data of the A / B area, the coefficient selector 3560 selects the equalization coefficient calculated by the first coefficient calculator 3540. If the data is the C / D area, the coefficient selector 3560 updates And outputs the selected equalization coefficient to the distortion compensating unit 3520. [

FIG. 58 shows another embodiment of a channel equalizer that differs in estimating and applying the channel impulse response (CIR) according to the areas A, B, C, and D when the data group is divided into the structure as shown in FIG. 5 .

For example, the data of the A / B region is subjected to channel equalization using an indirect equalization method using the CIR of the superposition & save method, and the channel equalization of the direct equalization method using the superposition & Can be performed.

To this end, the channel equalizer of FIG. 58 includes a frequency domain transformer 3610, a distortion compensator 3620, a time domain transformer 3630, a first coefficient calculator 3640, a second coefficient calculator 3650, (3660). ≪ / RTI >

The frequency domain transform unit 3610 may include a superposition unit 3611 and a first FFT unit 3612.

The time domain transformer 3630 may include an IFFT unit 3631 and a save unit 3632.

The first coefficient calculator 3640 may include a CIR estimator 3641, an interpolator 3642, a second FFT unit 3643, and a coefficient calculator 3644.

The second coefficient calculator 3650 includes a determiner 3651, a selector 3652, a subtracter 3653, a zero padding unit 3654, a third FFT unit 3655, a coefficient updating unit 3656, 3657 < / RTI >

At this time, the coefficient selection unit 3660 may include a multiplexer (i.e., a multiplexer) that selects input data according to whether the current input data is data of the A / B region or data of the C / D region. That is, the coefficient selection unit 3660 selects the equalization coefficient of the first coefficient operation unit 3640 if the input data is data of the A / B region, and performs the equalization of the second coefficient operation unit 3650 if it is the data of the C / Select a coefficient.

In FIG. 58 constructed in this manner, the received data is input to the overlapping unit 3611 of the frequency domain transform unit 3610 and the first coefficient operation unit 3640. The superimposing unit 3611 superimposes the input data according to a preset superposition ratio and outputs the superimposed input data to the first FFT unit 3612. The first FFT unit 3612 transforms the time domain superposed data into frequency domain superposed data through FFT and outputs the superposed data to the delay compensator 3657 of the distortion compensating unit 3620 and the second coefficient operating unit 3650.

The distortion compensator 3620 complex-multiplies the equalization coefficients output from the coefficient selector 3660 with the frequency-domain superposed data output from the first FFT unit 3612, Compensates for the channel distortion of the superimposed data, and outputs the compensated channel distortion to the IFFT unit 3631 of the time domain transform unit 3630. The IFFT unit 3631 performs IFFT on the superposed data of which channel distortion is compensated, converts the superposed data into a time domain, and outputs the converted time domain to the save unit 3632. The save unit 3632 extracts only the valid data from the overlapped data of the channel equalized time domain, outputs the data for decoding, and outputs the data to the second coefficient calculator 3650 for updating the coefficient.

The CIR estimator 3641 of the first coefficient calculator 3640 estimates the CIR using the data received during the known data interval and the reference data generated by the receiver and outputs the estimated CIR to the interpolator 3642. Also, the CIR estimator 3641 estimates the CIR using the data received during the field synchronization period and the reference field synchronization data generated at the reception side, and outputs the estimated CIR to the interpolator 3642.

The interpolator 3642 estimates the CIRs at the time point between the CIRs estimated using the input CIR, that is, the CIRs of the interval without the known data, by a predetermined interpolation method, and outputs the result to the second FFT unit 3643. The second FFT unit 3643 converts the input CIR into a frequency domain and outputs the result to the coefficient calculator 3644. The coefficient calculator 3644 calculates the frequency-domain equalization coefficient satisfying the condition for minimizing the mean square error using the CIR of the frequency domain, and outputs the frequency-domain equalization coefficient to the coefficient selector 3660.

The construction and operation of the second coefficient calculator 3650 are the same as those of the second coefficient calculator 3550 shown in FIG. 57, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

If the input data is the data of the A / B area, the coefficient selector 3660 selects the equalization coefficient calculated by the first coefficient calculator 3640. If the input data is data of the C / D area, the coefficient selector 3660 updates And outputs the selected equalization coefficient to the distortion compensating unit 3620. [

FIG. 59 shows another embodiment of a channel equalizer for differentiating and applying a channel impulse response (CIR) according to the A, B, C, and D regions when the data group is divided into the structure as shown in FIG. 5 .

For example, a channel impulse response (CIR) is estimated using the known data in an A / B area where known data is arranged at regular intervals, and channel equalization is performed. In the C / D area, The channel estimation can be performed after estimating the CIR using the determined value of the data.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a channel impulse response (CIR) is estimated in a Least Square (LS) scheme using the known data in the A / B area, and channel equalization is performed And performs channel equalization after estimating the CIR in the Least Mean Square (LMS) scheme in the C / D region. That is, since channel equalization can not be performed in the same manner as the A / B region in the C / D region in which the periodic known data does not exist as in the A / B region, the CIR is estimated in the C / Thereby performing channel equalization.

59, a superposition section 3701, a first FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) section 3702, a distortion compensating section 3703, an IFFT section 3704, a save section 3705, a first CIR estimator 3706, A CIR interpolator 3707, a determiner 3708, a selector 3709, a second CIR estimator 3710, a selector 3711, a second FFT unit 3712, and a coefficient calculator 3713 . The distortion compensator 3703 may be any element that performs a complex multiplication function.

59, the equalizer input data is superimposed with the predetermined overlap ratio in the superimposing unit 3701 and output to the first FFT unit 3702. [ The first FFT unit 3702 transforms the time domain superposed data into the frequency domain superposed data through the FFT, and outputs the superposed data to the distortion compensating unit 3703.

The distortion compensator 3703 complex-multiplies the frequency-domain superposed data output from the first FFT unit 3702 by the equalization coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculator 3713, And compensates for the channel distortion of the data and outputs it to the IFFT unit 3704. The IFFT unit 3704 IFFTs the superposed data on which the distortion of the channel is compensated to convert the superposed data into the time domain, and outputs the converted time domain to the save unit 3705. The save unit 3705 extracts only the valid data from the overlapped data of the channel equalized time domain, outputs it for data decoding, and outputs it to the determiner 3708 for channel estimation.

The determiner 3708 selects a decision value closest to the equalized data among a plurality of decision values, for example, eight decision values, and outputs the decision value to the selection unit 3709. The selector 3709 may be configured as a multiplexer. The selector 3709 selects the decision value of the determiner 3708 in the normal data interval, selects the known data in the known data interval, and outputs the selected data to the second CIR estimator 3710.

Meanwhile, the first CIR estimator 3706 estimates the CIR using the data input during the known data interval and the reference known data, and outputs the CIR to the CIR interpolator 3707. Also, the first CIR estimator 3706 can estimate the CIR using the data input during the field synchronization period and the reference field synchronization data, and outputs the estimated CIR to the CIR interpolator 3707. Here, the reference field synchronization data is reference field synchronization data generated on the receiving side by the promise of the transmitting / receiving side.

의 행렬 연산을 하여 전송 채널의 임펄스 응답을 추정하는 방법이다.In this case, the first CIR estimator 3706 estimates the CIR using the LS scheme. The LS estimation scheme obtains a cross correlation value p between the known data and the known data already known at the receiving end through the channel during the known data interval and obtains the autocorrelation matrix R of the known data. Then, the autocorrelation portion existing in p, which is a cross-correlation value between the received data and the original data, is removed

To estimate the impulse response of the transmission channel.

The CIR interpolator 3707 receives the CIR from the first CIR estimator 3706, outputs the estimated CIR in the known data interval, interpolates the CIR in the interval between the known data and the known data, And outputs the interpolated CIR. At this time, the predetermined interpolation method is a method of estimating data of an unknown point using known data in a certain function. The simplest example is the Linear Interpolation method, which is the simplest example of a number of interpolation methods. The present invention can be applied to various interpolation techniques in addition to the above-described method, and thus the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples.

That is, the CIR interpolator 3707 estimates the CIR of the interval in which there is no known data using the input CIR by a predetermined interpolation method, and outputs the estimated CIR to the selector 3711. [

The second CIR estimator 3710 estimates the CIR using the equalizer input data and the output data of the selector 3709, and outputs the estimated CIR to the selector 3711. At this time, the CIR is estimated by the LMS method as an embodiment. The LMS estimation method will be described later in detail.

The selector 3711 selects the CIR output from the CIR interpolator 3707 in the A / B area (i.e., the MPH blocks B3 to B8) The CIR output from the second CIR estimator 3710 is selected and output to the second FFT unit 3712. The second FFT unit 3712 converts the inputted CIR into a frequency domain and outputs the result to the coefficient calculator 3713. The coefficient calculator 3713 calculates an equalization coefficient using the CIR of the input frequency domain and outputs the calculated equalization coefficient to the distortion compensator 3703. In this case, the coefficient calculator 3713 obtains an equalization coefficient in a frequency domain that minimizes the mean square error (MMSE) from the CIR of the frequency domain.

At this time, the second CIR estimator 3710 may use the CIR obtained from the A / B region as the initial CIR of the C / D region. For example, the CIR value of the MPH block B8 can be used as the initial CIR value of the MPH block B9. This can shorten the convergence speed in the C / D region.

The basic principle of the CIR estimator 3710 in the second CIR estimator 3710 is to receive an output of an unknown transmission channel and to receive the output of the unknown channel and adaptively filter the output value of the adaptive filter Quot; is updated. That is, the adaptive filter updates the coefficient value of the adaptive filter so that the equalizer input data and the output value of the adaptive filter (not shown) in the second CIR estimator 3710 become equal, and outputs the filter coefficient to the CIR for each FFT period.

를 순차적으로 지연시키는 지연기(T), 상기 각 지연기(T)의 해당 출력 데이터와 에러 데이터 e(n)를 곱하는 곱셈기, 및 상기 각 곱셈기의 해당 출력에 의해 계수가 갱신되는 계수 갱신부가 탭 수만큼 구비되어 구성된다. 설명의 편의를 위해 상기 탭 수만큼 구비되는 곱셈기들을 제1 곱셈부라 한다. 또한 상기 선택부(3709)의 출력 데이터 및 각 지연기(T)의 출력 데이터(마지막 지연기의 출력 데이터는 제외됨)를 각 계수 갱신부의 해당 출력 데이터와 곱하는 곱셈기가 탭 수만큼 더 구비되어 구성되며, 설명의 편의를 위해 상기 곱셈기들을 제2 곱셈부라 한다. 또한 상기 제2 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기의 출력 데이터를 모두 더하여 등화기 입력의 추정값

으로 출력하는 가산기와, 상기 가산기의 출력

과 등화기 입력 데이터 y(n)와의 차를 에러 데이터 e(n)로 출력하는 감산기를 더 포함하여 구성된다. Referring to FIG. 60, the second CIR estimator 3710 receives the output data of the selector 3709

A multiplier for multiplying corresponding output data of each of the delay units T by error data e (n), and a coefficient update unit for updating a coefficient by a corresponding output of each multiplier, As shown in FIG. For convenience of explanation, the multipliers provided for the number of taps are referred to as a first multiplier. A multiplier for multiplying the output data of the selector 3709 and the output data of each delay T (excluding the output data of the last delay) with the corresponding output data of each coefficient update unit is further provided by the number of taps For convenience of explanation, the multipliers are referred to as a second multiplier. Also, the output data of each multiplier of the second multiplier is summed up to obtain the estimated value of the equalizer input

An adder for outputting the output of the adder,

And a subtracter for outputting the difference between the equalizer input data y (n) and the equalizer input data y (n) as error data e (n).

In FIG. 60 constructed as described above, the decision value of the equalized data is input in the normal data interval, and the known data is input to the first multiplier of the second multiplier and the first delay in the second CIR estimator 3710 in the known data interval.

는 탭 수만큼 직렬 연결된 지연기(T)를 통해 순차적으로 지연된다. 상기 각 지연기의 출력 데이터와 에러 데이터 e(n)는 제1 곱셈부의 해당 곱셈기에서 곱해져 해당 계수 갱신부 내 계수를 갱신한다. 각 계수 갱신부에서 갱신된 계수는 제2 곱셈부의 해당 곱셈기에서 입력 데이터

및 마지막 지연기를 제외한 각 지연기의 출력 데이터와 곱해져 가산기로 입력된다. 상기 가산기는 상기 제2 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기의 출력 데이터를 모두 더하여 등화기 입력의 추정값

으로 감산기에 출력한다. 상기 감산기는 상기 추정값

과 등화기 입력 데이터 y(n)와의 차를 에러 데이터 e(n)로 하여 제1 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기로 출력한다. 이때 에러 데이터 e(n)는 지연기(T)를 통해 제1 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기로 출력된다.The input data

Are sequentially delayed through a delay unit T connected in series by the number of taps. The output data of each delay unit and the error data e (n) are multiplied by a corresponding multiplier of the first multiplier to update the coefficient in the coefficient updater. The coefficient updated by each coefficient updating unit is input to the corresponding multiplier of the second multiplier

And the output data of each delay except for the last delay are input to the adder. Wherein the adder adds all output data of each multiplier of the second multiplier to obtain an estimate of the equalizer input

To the subtractor. The subtracter

And the equalizer input data y (n) as error data e (n) to each multiplier of the first multiplier. At this time, the error data e (n) is outputted to each multiplier of the first multiplier through the delay unit T.

The output of each coefficient update unit is the CIR output of the second CIR estimator 3710 for every FFT period.

The methods for obtaining CIRs for channel equalization in each region of the data group described in the present invention are embodiments for facilitating understanding of the present invention. Since these methods can be applied to a wide variety of applications, It will not be limited to the one presented.

Block decoder

On the other hand, if the data input to the block decoder 1005 after channel equalization in the equalizer 1003 is data in which both block coding and trellis coding are performed on the transmitting side (for example, data in the RS frame) The trellis decoding and the block decoding are performed, and only the trellis decoding is performed if the block coding is not performed and the data is only Trellis-coded (for example, main service data).

The trellis-decoded and block-decoded data in the block decoder 1005 are output to the RS frame decoder 1006. That is, the block decoder 1005 receives the known data among the data in the data group, the data used for initializing the trellis, the signaling information data, the MPEG header, and the RS encoder / non-systematic RS encoder or the non- And removes the added RS parity data and outputs it to the RS frame decoder 1006. Here, the data removal may be performed before the block decoding, or may be performed during the block decoding or after the block decoding.

Meanwhile, the data subjected to the trellis decoding in the block decoder 1005 is output to the data deinterleaver 1009. In this case, the data that is Trellis-decoded in the block decoder 1005 and output to the data deinterleaver 1009 may include not only the main service data but also data in the RS frame and signaling information. Also, the RS parity data added after the preprocessor 230 on the transmission side may be included in the data output to the data deinterleaver 1009.

In another embodiment, block coding is not performed on the transmission side, and data subjected to only trellis coding may be bypassed as it is in the block decoder 1005 and output to the data deinterleaver 1009. In this case, the data deinterleaver 1009 must further include a trellis decoder.

The block decoder 1005 performs Viterbi (or trellis) decoding on the input data if the input data is data that is not subjected to block coding at the transmitting end but only Trellis coding and outputs a hard decision value Or hard decision of the soft decision value and output the result.

The block decoder 1005 outputs a soft decision value to the input data if the input data is data in which both block coding and trellis coding are performed on the transmission side.

That is, in the block decoder 1005, if the input data is block-encoded in the block processor 302 on the transmitting side and is Trellis-coded in the trellis encoder 256, Conversely, trellis decoding and block decoding are performed. At this time, the block processor on the transmission side can be regarded as an external encoder, and the trellis encoder can be regarded as an internal encoder.

In order to maximize the decoding performance of the outer code in decoding the concatenated code, it is preferable to output the soft decision value in the decoder of the inner code.

61 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of the block decoder 1005 according to the present invention and includes a feedback controller 4010, an input buffer 4011, a trellis decoder 4012, a symbol-to-byte converter 4013 An outer block extractor 4014, a feedback deformer 4015, a symbol deinterleaver 4016, an outer symbol mapper 4017, a symbol decoder 4018, an inner symbol mapper 4011, An inner symbol mapper 4019, a symbol interleaver 4020, a feedback formatter 4021, and an output buffer 4022. Like the transmitting side, the trellis decoding unit 4012 can be regarded as an internal decoder, and the symbol decoder 4018 can be regarded as an external decoder.

The input buffer 4011 receives the block-coded mobile service data symbols (including RS parity data symbols and CRC data symbols added at the time of RS frame coding) among the symbol values output from the equalizer 1003, And repeatedly outputs the stored symbol values to the trellis decoding unit 4012 M times for the turbo decoding size (TDL) for turbo decoding. The turbo decoding size (TDL) may be referred to as a turbo block. Here, the TDL must be able to contain at least one SCCC block size. Therefore, assuming that one MPH block is a 16-segment unit and a combination of 10 MPH blocks constitute one SCCC block, as defined in FIG. 5, the TDL must be equal to or greater than the maximum possible size. For example, assuming that two MPH blocks constitute one SCCC block, the TDL may be more than 32 segments (828x32 = 26496 symbols).

The M is a repetition number of turbo decoding predetermined by the feedback controller 4010.

In addition, the input buffer 4011 may be configured such that the mobile service data symbols (including RS parity data symbols and CRC data symbols added at the time of RS frame coding) are not included in the symbol values output from the equalizer 1003 The input symbol values in the interval are bypassed without being stored. That is, only the trellis decoding is performed on the input symbol value of the interval in which the SCCC block coding has not been performed. Therefore, the input buffer 4011 does not perform the storing and the iterative outputting process on the input, ).

The storage, repetition, and output of the input buffer 4011 are controlled by the feedback controller 4010. The feedback controller 4010 can control the storage and output of the input buffer 4011 by referring to the SCCC related information output from the signaling information decoding unit 1013, for example, the SCCC block mode and the SCCC outer code mode.

The trellis decoding unit 4012 includes a 12-way Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) decoder to correspond to a 12-way trellis encoder. The 12-way trellis coder performs a 12-way trellis decoding on the input symbol value.

That is, the trellis decoding unit 4012 receives the output symbol value of the input buffer 4011 and the soft-decision value of the feedback formatter 4021 as much as the TDL, and performs TCM decoding of each symbol do.

At this time, the soft decision values output from the feedback formatter 4021 are matched one-to-one with the symbol positions of the TDL output from the input buffer 4011 under the control of the feedback controller 4010 and output to the trellis decoder 4012). That is, the symbol value output from the input buffer 4011 and the turbo decoded input data are matched with each other at the same position in the corresponding turbo block (TDL) and output to the trellis decoding unit 4012. For example, if the turbo decoded data is the third symbol value in the turbo block, it is matched with the third symbol value in the turbo block output from the input buffer 4011 and is output to the trellis decoding unit 4012.

For this purpose, the feedback controller 4010 controls the input buffer 4011 to store the turbo block data during the regenerative turbo decoding, and outputs the soft decision value of the output symbol of the symbol interleaver 4020 LLR) and the symbol value of the input buffer 4011 corresponding to the same position in the block of the output symbol are matched one by one and input to the TCM decoder of the corresponding path. At this time, if the value is not a block-coded symbol value, null is input to the output position matched by the feedback formatter 4021 because turbo decoding is not performed.

After this process is performed for a predetermined number of times of turbo decoding, data of the next turbo block is output from the input buffer 4011 and the turbo decoding process is repeated.

The output of the trellis decoding unit 4012 indicates the reliability of the symbols input to the transmitting-side trellis encoder for the transmitted symbols. For example, since the input of the transmission side trellis coder 256 is a symbol of two bits, the log likelihood ratio (LLR) between the probability of one bit being '1' and the probability of being '0' And the lower bits, respectively (in units of bits). The Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) means a logarithm of a ratio of a probability value of a first input bit to a probability value of a first probability. (LLR) of probability values that two bits, that is, one symbol becomes "00", "01", "10", and "11" Symbol unit output). This is a soft decision value for the received symbol, which indicates the reliability of the bits input to the trellis encoder. As a decoding algorithm of each TCM decoder in the trellis decoding unit 4012, MAP (Maximum A Posteriori Probability) and SOVA (Soft-Out Viterbi Algorithm) can be used.

The output of the trellis decoding unit 4012 is output to the symbol-to-byte converter 4013 and the outer block extractor 4014.

The symbol-to-byte converter 4013 performs a hard decision on the soft decision value output from the trellis decoding unit 4012 by trellis decoding, and then groups the four symbols into units of one byte To the data deinterleaver 1009 of FIG. That is, the symbol-to-byte converter 4013 performs bit-hard decision on the soft decision value of the output symbol of the trellis decoding unit 4012. [ Therefore, data that is hard-determined and output in byte units in the symbol-to-byte converter 4013 includes not only the main service data but also mobile service data, known data, signaling information data, RS parity data, and MPEG header.

The outer block extractor 4014 extracts a CRC data symbol corresponding to a mobile service data symbol (including RS parity data and CRC data symbols added at the time of RS frame encoding) among the soft decision values of the TDL of the trellis decoding unit 4012 B, and outputs the soft decision values to the feedback deformatter 4015. That is, in the outer block extractor 4014, soft decision values such as main service data, known data, signaling information data, RS parity data, and MPEG header are discarded without being outputted to the feedback deformatter 4015.

The feedback deformatter 4015 receives an intermediate process (for example, a group formatter, a data deinterleaver, a packet formatter, and a data interleaver) in which the output symbols of the transmitting-side block processor 302 are input to the trellis encoder 256 ) In the reverse order of the process order change of the mobile service data symbol generated in the mobile service data symbol, and outputs the soft decision value to the symbol deinterleaver 4016 after reordering the process order of the soft decision value of the mobile service data symbol. This is because there are a plurality of blocks between the trellis encoding units 256 of the block processor 302 of the transmission side and the order of the mobile service data symbols output from the block processor 302 due to these blocks and the order of the trellis The order of the mobile service data symbols input to the encoding unit 256 is changed. Accordingly, the feedback deformatter 4015 outputs the mobile service data symbols input from the symbol deinterleaver 4016 to the outer block extractor 4014 so that the order of the mobile service data symbols is identical to the output order of the block processor 302 on the transmitting side Reordering the order of the mobile service data symbols. This reordering process can be implemented by at least one of software, hardware, and middleware.

62 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of the feedback deformer 4015 and includes a data deinterleaver 5011, a packet deformatter 5012, a data interleaver 5013, and a group deformatter 5014 . 62, the soft decision value of the mobile service data symbol extracted by the outer block extractor 4014 is directly output to the data deinterleaver 5011 of the feedback deformatter 4015, but the outer block extractor 4014 extracts (Or null data) is inserted into the removed data position (for example, the main service data, the known data, the signaling information data, the RS parity data, the MPEG header location), and the data deinterleaver 5011.

The data deinterleaver 5011 deinterleaves the data input in the reverse process of the data interleaver 253 on the transmission side and outputs the deinterleaved data to the packet deformater 5012. The packet formatatter 5012 performs an inverse process of the packet formatter 305 on the transmission side. That is, the position holder corresponding to the MPEG header inserted in the formatter 305 among the data deinterleaved and output is removed. The output of the packet deformatter 5012 is input to a data interleaver 5013 which interleaves data input in the reverse order of the data deinterleaver 529 on the transmitting side. Then, data of the structure as shown in FIG. 5 is output to the group deformatter 5014. The group deformatter 5014 performs an inverse process of the group formatter 303 on the transmitting side. That is, the group formatter 5014 removes the position holders corresponding to the main service data, the known data, the signaling information data, and the RS parity data, and then removes only reordering mobile service data symbols from the symbol deinterleaver 4016, . In another embodiment, if the feedback deformatter 4015 is implemented using a memory map or the like, the process of inserting and removing the position holder at the data position removed by the external block extractor 4014 may be omitted.

The symbol deinterleaver 4016 deinterleaves the soft decision value of the data symbol, which is changed in order and output from the feedback deformer 4015, as a reverse process of symbol interleaving of the symbol interleaver 514 on the transmitting side. The size of the block used for deinterleaving in the symbol deinterleaver 4016 is equal to the interleaving size (i.e., B) of the actual symbol of the symbol interleaver on the transmitting side. This is because turbo decoding is performed by the trellis decoding unit 4012, And the decoder 4018.

The input and output of the symbol deinterleaver 4016 are both soft decision values, and the deinterleaved soft decision value is output to the outer symbol mapper 4017.

The operation of the external symbol mapper 4017 may be changed according to the configuration and coding rate of the transmission side convolutional encoder 513. For example, if the convolutional encoder 513 encodes the data, the external symbol mapper 4017 outputs the input data to the symbol decoder 4018 as it is. As another example, if the data is 1/4 encoded and transmitted by the convolutional encoder 513, the data is transformed according to the input format of the symbol decoder 4018 and is output to the symbol decoder 4018. For this purpose, the external symbol mapper 4017 can receive SCCC related information, for example, the SCCC block mode and the SCCC outer code mode from the signaling information decoding unit 1013.

The symbol decoder 4018 (i.e., external decoder) performs symbol decoding on the output of the external symbol mapper 4017, which is an inverse process of the transmitting side convolutional encoder 513. [ At this time, the symbol decoder 4018 outputs two soft decision values. One is a soft decision value (hereinafter referred to as a first soft decision value) to be matched with the output symbol of the convolutional encoder 513 and the other is a soft decision value (hereinafter, referred to as a soft decision value), which matches the input bit of the convolutional encoder 513. [ Quot; second soft decision value "). The first soft decision value indicates the reliability of the output symbol of the convolutional encoder 513, that is, the reliability of two bits, and the log ratio (LLR) between the probability of '1' (LLR) of the probability values for which the two bits are "00", "01", "10", "11" (Symbol unit output). The first soft decision value is fed back to the trellis decoding unit 4012 via the inner symbol mapper 4019, the symbol interleaver 4020, and the feedback formatter 4021. The second soft decision value indicates the reliability of the input bit of the transmission side convolutional encoder 513. The second soft decision value is represented by a log ratio (LLR) between a probability of '1' and a probability of '0' (4022). As the decoding algorithm of the symbol decoder 4018, MAP (Maximum A Posteriori Probability) and SOVA (Soft-Out Viterbi Algorithm) may be used.

The first soft decision value output from the symbol decoder 4018 is input to the inner symbol mapper 4019. The inner symbol mapper 4019 converts the first soft decision value into an input format of the trellis decoding unit 4012 and outputs the converted symbol to the symbol interleaver 4020. The operation of the internal symbol mapper 4019 may also be changed according to the structure and coding rate of the transmission side convolutional encoder 513.

The symbol interleaver 4020 symbol-interleaves the first soft decision value output from the internal symbol mapper 4019 as shown in FIG. 26, and outputs the result to the feedback formatter 4021. [ The output of the symbol interleaver 4020 also becomes a soft decision value.

The feedback formatter 4021 includes an intermediate process (for example, a group formatter, a data deinterleaver, a packet formatter, and a data interleaver) in which the output symbols of the transmitting-side block processor 302 are input to the trellis- And changes the order of the output values of the symbol interleaver 4020 in accordance with a change in the processing order of the symbols generated in the trellis decoding unit 4012. The reordering process of the feedback formatter 4021 may be implemented by at least one of software, hardware, and middleware. For example, the feedback formatter 4021 may be implemented to perform the inverse procedure of FIG.

The soft decision values output from the symbol interleaver 4020 are one-to-one matched with the TDL mobile service data symbol positions output from the input buffer 4011 and input to the trellis decoding unit 4012. At this time, since the RS service parity symbol, the known data symbol, the signaling information data, and the like of the main service data symbol or the main service data are not mobile service data symbols, the feedback formatter 4021 inserts null data at the corresponding position, And outputs it to the unit 4012. The feedback formatter 4021 receives the feedback information from the symbol interleaver 4020 at the start of the first decoding every time the TDL-sized symbols are turbo decoded, And outputs null data to the trellis decoding unit 4012. The trellis decoding unit 4012 decodes the null data.

The output buffer 4022 receives the second soft decision value from the symbol decoder 4018 under the control of the feedback controller 4010, temporarily stores it, and outputs it to the RS frame decoder 1006. For example, the output buffer 4022 overwrites the second soft decision value of the symbol decoder 4018 until M times of turbo decoding is performed, and performs all M turbo decoding operations on one TDL And outputs the second soft decision value at that time to the RS frame decoder 1006.

The feedback controller 4010 controls the number of turbo decoding and turbo decoding iterations of the entire block decoder as shown in FIG.

That is, if turbo decoding is performed for a preset number of times, the second soft decision value of the symbol decoder 4018 is output to the RS frame decoder 1006 through the output buffer 4022, and the block decode The process is complete. This is referred to as a recursive turbo decoding process for convenience of explanation in the present invention.

At this time, the number of recursive turbo decoding between the trellis decoding unit 4012 and the symbol decoder 4018 can be defined in consideration of hardware complexity and error correction performance. If the number of times increases, the error correction capability is improved. However, It is complicated.

On the other hand, the data deinterleaver 1009, the RS decoder 1010, and the derandomizer 1011 shown in FIG. 36 are necessary blocks for receiving main service data. In the receiving system structure for receiving only mobile service data, .

The data deinterleaver 1009 deinterleaves the data output from the block decoder 1005 and outputs the deinterleaved data to the RS decoder 1010 in the reverse process of the data interleaver on the transmitting side. The data input to the data deinterleaver 1009 includes not only the main service data but also mobile service data, known data, RS parity, MPEG header, and the like.

The RS decoder 1010 performs systematic RS decoding on the deinterleaved data and outputs the decoded data to the derandomizer 1011.

The derandomizer 1011 receives the output of the RS decoder 1010 and generates pseudo random bytes that are the same as the renderer of the transmitter and performs bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) And output it in 188-byte packet units.

RS  Frame decoder

The data output from the block decoder 1005 is a unit of a portion. That is, the RS frame on the transmitting side is divided into a plurality of potions, and the mobile service data of each potion is allocated to the A / B / C / D area in the data group or the A / B area and the C / D area And transmitted to the receiving side. Therefore, the RS frame decoder 1006 constructs one RS frame by collecting a plurality of potions in one parade, constructs two RS frames, and performs error correction decoding on an RS frame basis.

For example, if the RS frame mode is 00, one parade transmits one RS frame. At this time, one RS frame is divided into a plurality of potions, and mobile service data of each divided port is divided into A / B / C / D area. In this case, the MPH frame decoder 1006 extracts the mobile service data from the A / B / C / D area in the data group and constructs a potion as shown in FIG. 63 (a) A plurality of potions can be obtained by performing the operation on the data groups. The mobile service data of a plurality of potions can be collected to form one RS frame. If a stuffing byte is added to the last portion, the stuffing byte is removed and an RS frame is constructed.

In another example, if the RS frame mode is 01, one parade transmits two RS frames, i.e., a primary RS frame and a secondary RS frame. At this time, the primary RS frame is divided into a plurality of primary parts, and the mobile service data of each divided primary part is allocated and transmitted to the A / B area in the corresponding data group. The secondary RS frame is divided into a plurality of secondary potions, and the mobile service data of each secondary position is assigned to the C / D area in the corresponding data group and transmitted. In this case, the MPH frame decoder 1006 extracts the mobile service data from the A / B area in the data group and constructs one primary part as shown in FIG. 63 (b) A plurality of primary potions can be obtained by performing the operation on the A / B area of the group. A primary RS frame can be constructed by collecting a plurality of primary parts. If a stuffing byte is added to the last primary portion, the stuffing byte is removed and a primary RS frame is constructed. Also, a plurality of secondary potions can be obtained by performing the process of extracting the mobile service data in the C / D area in the data group and configuring one secondary potion on the C / D area of the plurality of data groups of one parade . A secondary RS frame can be formed by collecting a plurality of secondary potions. If a stuffing byte is added to the last secondary position, the stuffing byte is removed and a secondary RS frame is constructed.

That is, the RS frame decoder 1006 receives the mobile service data of each portion, which is RS-encoded and / or CRC-encoded, from the block decoder 1005, and outputs the RS-frame related information output from the signaling information decoding unit 1013 The plurality of potions to be input are grouped together to form an RS frame, and error correction is performed. Referring to the RS frame mode value in the RS frame related information, an RS frame can be constructed, and information on the number of parities and the code size of the RS code used for constructing the RS frame can be known.

The RS frame decoder 1006 corrects the errors in the RS frame by performing an inverse process in the RS frame encoder of the transmission system with reference to the RS frame related information, and then, in the RS frame encoding process for the error corrected mobile service data packet Adds the removed 1 byte of the MPEG synchronous byte, and outputs it to the derandomizer 1007.

FIG. 64 shows a process of forming an RS frame and an RS frame credit map by collecting a plurality of potions transmitted in one parade when the RS frame mode value is 00; Permutation of the frame is performed, and then the reverse-low-mixed RS frame and the RS frame credit map are separated again.

That is, the RS frame decoder 1006 collects the received mobile service data and forms an RS frame. The mobile service data is RS-encoded in units of RS frames in the transmission system and is low-mixed data in units of super frames. In this case, error correction coding, for example, CRC coding may be performed or may be omitted.

If the transmission system divides the RS frame of size (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes into M potions and transmits the mobile service data of M potions to the A / B / C / D region, the receiving system constructs an RS frame of size (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes by collecting the mobile service data of each port as shown in FIG. 64 (a).

At this time, if the spamming byte S is added to at least one portion constituting the corresponding RS frame, the stuffing byte is removed and an RS frame and an RS frame credit map are configured. For example, if S stuffing bytes are added as shown in FIG. 23, the S stuffing bytes are removed and an RS frame and an RS frame credit map are constructed.

If it is assumed that the block decoder 1005 outputs the decoded result as a soft decision value, the RS frame decoder 1006 can determine 0 and 1 of the corresponding bit with the sign of the soft decision value, 8 are collected and one byte is formed. (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes in size can be constructed by performing all of these processes on soft decisions of a plurality of potions (or data groups) in one parade.

Further, the present invention uses a soft decision value not only to construct an RS frame but also to construct a reliability map.

The credit map indicates whether the corresponding byte constituted by collecting eight bits determined by the sign of the soft decision value is reliable.

In one embodiment, when the absolute value of the soft decision value exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the corresponding bit value determined as the sign of the soft decision value is determined to be reliable, and if the absolute value is not exceeded, it is determined that it is unreliable. Then, if it is determined that even one bit in one byte constituted by collecting eight bits determined as the sign of the soft decision value is not reliable, the credit map indicates that the corresponding byte is unreliable. Here, one bit is an embodiment, and if a plurality of, for example, four or more bits are determined to be unreliable, the credit map may indicate that the corresponding byte is unreliable.

Conversely, when all the bits in one byte are determined to be reliable, that is, when the absolute value of the soft decision value of all bits of one byte exceeds a predetermined threshold, the credit map indicates that the byte is reliable. Likewise, if more than four bits in one byte, for example four or more bits, are found to be reliable, the credit map indicates that the byte is believed.

The numerical values shown above are only examples, and the numerical values do not limit the scope of the present invention.

The configuration of the RS frame and the configuration of the credit map using the soft decision value can be performed simultaneously. At this time, the credit information in the credit map corresponds to each byte in the RS frame with 1: 1. For example, if one RS frame has a size of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes, then the credit map has a size of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bits. 64 (a ') and 64 (b') show the process of forming a credit map according to the present invention.

At this time, the RS frame credit map of FIG. 64 (b) and the RS frame credit map of (b ') are low-mixed in superframe units (refer to FIG. Therefore, after the super frame and the super frame credit map are formed by collecting the RS frame and the RS frame credit map, the superframe and the super frame credit map are superposed on the RS frame and the RS frame credit map in the reverse process of the transmission system as shown in FIGS. 64 (c) And perform frame-by-frame de-permutation.

(N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes in size as shown in FIGS. 64 (d) and (187 + P) bit size RS frame credit map.

And performs error correction using the RS frame credit map information for the separated RS frame.

65 shows an embodiment of an error correction decoding process according to the present invention.

65 is an embodiment showing an error correction process when RS and CRC coding are both performed on the RS frame in the transmission system.

Next, the error correction process shown in FIG. 65 will be described in detail.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 65 (a) and 65 (a '), an RS frame having an (N + 2) x (187 + A CRC syndrome check is performed on the RS frame to check whether an error has occurred in each row. Next, as shown in FIG. 65 (b), the 2-byte CRC checksum is removed to form an RS frame of Nx (187 + P) bytes, and an error flag is displayed in the error flag corresponding to each row. Likewise, since the portion corresponding to the CRC checksum of the credit map is not utilized, this portion is removed, leaving only Nx (187 + P) pieces of credit information as shown in (b ') of FIG.

After the CRC syndrome check is performed as described above, RS decoding is performed in the column direction. At this time, the RS may perform erasure correction according to the number of the CRC error flags. That is, the CRC error flag corresponding to each row in the RS frame is checked as shown in FIG. 65 (c), and when the number of rows having an error is subjected to column direction RS decoding, the maximum Is equal to or smaller than the number of errors. The maximum number of errors is the number (P) of parities inserted in RS encoding.

In the present invention, it is assumed that the parity number P added to each column is 48 in one embodiment.

In this case, if the number of rows with a CRC error is less than or equal to the maximum number of errors (48 according to an embodiment) that RS can modify by laser decoding, (187 + P) as shown in (d) (235, 187) -RS in the column direction is performed on the RS frame having 235 N-byte rows, and the 48-byte parity data added to the end of each column is removed as shown in (e) of FIG.

However, if the number of rows with CRC errors is greater than the maximum number of errors (i.e., 48) that the RS can modify with laser decoding, the RS can not perform laser decoding.

In this case, error correction can be performed through general RS decoding. Further, the present invention can further enhance the error correction capability by using the credit map generated together with the RS frame from the soft decision value.

That is, the RS frame decoder compares the absolute value of the soft decision value of the block decoder 1005 with a preset threshold value to determine the reliability of the bit value determined by the sign of the corresponding soft decision value. The credit information for the corresponding byte, which is formed by collecting 8 bits determined by the sign of the soft decision value, is displayed in the credit map.

Therefore, according to the present invention, even if it is determined that there is a CRC error in the row as a result of the CRC syndrome check of the specific row as in (c) of FIG. 65, the credit information of the credit map is referred to It sets an error only for the byte that is judged to be unreliable. That is, only the byte which is determined to be unreliable in the credit information of the credit map is set as the erasure point irrespective of the CRC error of the corresponding row.

As another method, it is determined that there is a CRC error in the corresponding row as a result of the CRC syndrome check, and an error is set only for the byte whose credit information in the credit map is determined to be unreliable. That is, only the byte which is determined to be unreliable in the credit information of the credit map with the CRC error in the corresponding row is set as the erasure point.

Then, if the number of error points for each column is less than or equal to the maximum number of errors that can be corrected by laser decoding (ie, 48), the RS performs laser decoding on that column. Conversely, if the number of error points is greater than the maximum number that can be corrected by laser decoding (i.e., 48), RS performs a general RS decoding on the column.

That is, if the number of rows with CRC errors is greater than the maximum error number (e.g., 48) that the RS can modify with laser decoding, then the number of rows in the column determined by the credit information in the credit map, The RS performs laser decoding on the RS, or performs general RS decoding on the RS.

For example, if the number of rows with CRC errors in the RS frame is greater than 48, the number of laser points determined by credit information in the credit map is 40 in the first column, and 50 in the second column Let's assume. Then, (235, 187) -RS performs laser decoding on the first column and (235, 187) -RS decoding on the second column.

If error correction decoding is performed in all column directions within the RS frame by performing the above-described procedure, 48-byte parity data added to the end of each column is removed as shown in (e) of FIG.

As described above, the number of all CRC errors corresponding to each row in the RS frame is larger than the maximum number of errors that can be corrected by laser decoding in the CR decoding of the specific column, If the number of low-confidence bytes is equal to or less than the maximum error count that can be corrected by laser decoding, the RS can perform laser decoding on that column.

Here, the difference between general RS decoding and RS-laser decoding is the number of correctable errors. That is, if general RS decoding is performed, the error can be corrected by the number (for example, 24) corresponding to the inserted (number of parities) / 2 in the RS encoding process. If RS performs laser decoding, The error can be corrected by the number of inserted parities (for example, 48).

After the error correction decoding is performed as described above, an RS frame having 187 N-byte rows (i.e., packets) as shown in FIG. 65 (e) can be obtained. The RS frame having the size of Nx187 bytes is output in order of N 187 bytes. At this time, 1 byte of the MPEG synchronization byte deleted from the transmission system is added to each packet of 187 bytes as shown in FIG. 65 (f) And outputs a mobile service data packet in units of 188 bytes.

The RS-frame decoded mobile service data is output to the data derandomizer 1007 as described above. The data derandomizer 1007 performs derandering corresponding to the inverse process of the randomizer of the transmission system and outputs the received mobile service data to obtain the mobile service data transmitted from the transmission system. The RS frame decoder 1006 may perform a data derandomizing function. The RS frame decoders are provided in parallel by the number of parades (= M) in one MPH frame. A multiplexer for multiplexing a plurality of parts is provided at an input terminal of M RS frame decoders, A multiplexer may be provided to configure an MPH frame decoder.

Total receiving system

FIG. 66 is a configuration block diagram of a reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the demodulation section of FIG. 36 can be applied.

The receiving system of FIG. 66 includes a tuner 6001, a demodulating unit 6002, a demultiplexer 6003, an audio decoder 6004, a video decoder 6005, a native TV application manager 6006, a channel manager The first storage unit 6009, the SI and / or data decoder 6010, the second storage unit 6011, the system manager 6012, the data broadcasting application manager 6013, A storage controller 6014, and a third storage unit 6015, and a GPS module 6020. [ The first storage unit 6009 is a nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) (or flash memory). The third storage unit 6015 is a mass storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a memory chip.

The tuner 6001 tunes the frequency of a specific channel through an antenna, a cable, or a satellite, downconverts the signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, and outputs the IF signal to a demodulator 6002. At this time, the tuner 6001 is under the control of the channel manager 6007, and reports the result and strength of the broadcast signal of the channel to be tuned to the channel manager 6007. Data received at the frequency of the specific channel includes main service data, mobile service data, table data for decoding the main service data and mobile service data, and the like.

In this embodiment, audio data and video data for mobile broadcasting can be applied as mobile service data. Such audio data and video data will be compressed by various encoders and transmitted from the broadcasting station. In this case, video and audio decoders 6004 and 6005 will be provided in the receiver corresponding to the corresponding encoder used for compression, and decoding is performed in each of the decoders 6004 and 6005 to provide video and audio to the user will be. Examples of coding / decoding schemes for audio data include AC 3, MPEG 2 AUDIO, MPEG 4 AUDIO, AAC, AAC +, HE AAC, AAC SBR, MPEG-Surround and BSAC. scheme includes MPEG 2 VIDEO, MPEG 4 VIDEO, H.264, SVC, and VC-1.

According to an embodiment, data for a data service as mobile service data, for example, data for a Java application, data for an HTML application, and data for XML can be exemplified. The data for these data services can be a Java class file for a Java application, or a directory file indicating the location of these files. It can also be an audio file or a video file used in each application.

Examples of the data service include a weather service, a transportation service, a securities service, a viewer participation quiz program, a real-time opinion survey, an interactive education broadcast, a game service, a plot of a drama, Service providing information on past competitions, profiles and grades of athletes, products enabling information on products and orders thereof, providing information on programs by media, hourly or subject matter, etc. However, The present invention is not limited thereto.

Also, according to an embodiment, the mobile service data may be meta data. Such metadata is described in XML and transmitted through the DSM-CC protocol as an example.

The demodulator 6002 performs VSB demodulation and channel equalization on the signal output from the tuner 6001, divides the main service data into the mobile service data, and outputs the divided TS packets. The demodulation unit 6002 will be an example of the above-described FIG. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, only the mobile service data packet output from the demodulator 6002 is input to the demultiplexer 6003. In this case, the main service data packet is input to another demultiplexer (not shown) that processes the main service data packet. At this time, the storage control unit 6014 is also connected to the demultiplexer for processing the main service data packet to store main service data. It is also possible to design the demultiplexing not only for the mobile service data packet but also for the main service data packet in one demultiplexer.

The storage controller 6014 interfaces with the demultiplexer 6003 to control instant recording, scheduled recording, and time shift of the mobile service data and / or the main service data. For example, when either the immediate recording, the scheduled recording, or the time shift is set in the receiving system of FIG. 66, corresponding mobile service data and / or main service data input to the demultiplexer 6003 are transmitted to the storage control unit 6014 And is stored in the third storage unit 6015 under control. The third storage unit 6015 can be divided into a temporary storage area for time shift function and / or a permanent storage area for permanently storing data according to user selection.

When it is necessary to reproduce data stored in the third storage unit 6015, the storage control unit 6014 reads the corresponding data stored in the third storage unit 6015 and transmits the read data to the corresponding demultiplexer (for example, Data to the demultiplexer 6003 in Fig. 66).

At this time, since the storage capacity of the third storage unit 6015 is limited, the mobile service data and / or the main service data, which are compression-coded and input for efficiency of the storage capacity, are stored in the third storage unit 6015 as they are Is an embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the data read out from the third storage unit 6015 according to the reproduction command is input to the corresponding decoder through the demultiplexer and restored to its original state.

The storage control unit 6014 may also control the play, fast forward, rewind, slow motion, and / or the like of data currently stored or buffered in the third storage unit 6015, Instant replay, and so on. In this case, the instant replay is a function that can repeatedly view scenes to be viewed again. In addition to the stored data, data currently received in real time can be instantly replayed in conjunction with a time shift function.

The storage control unit 6014 may compress the input data and store the input data in the third storage unit 6015 when the input data is in an analog form, for example, the transmission method is NTSC, PAL, or the like.

For this, the storage controller 6014 may include an encoder, and the encoder may be implemented by at least one of software, middleware, and hardware. The encoder may use an MPEG encoder as an embodiment. The encoder may be provided outside the storage controller 6014.

Meanwhile, the storage control unit 6014 scrambles (or encrypts) the input data in order to prevent illegal copying when the input data is stored in the third storage unit 6015, so that the third storage unit 6015 ). In this case, the storage control unit 6014 may include a scrambling algorithm for scrambling data stored in the third storage unit 6015 and a scrambling algorithm for descrambling data read from the third storage unit 6015 And a descrambling algorithm to do so. As the method of scrambling, a method of modifying data to be scrambled by using an arbitrary key (for example, control word) or mixing the signal itself may be used.

Meanwhile, the demultiplexer 6003 receives the real time data output from the demodulation unit 6002 or the data read from the third storage unit 6015, and performs demultiplexing. In the present invention, the demultiplexer 6003 demultiplexes a mobile service data packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

However, according to the embodiment, not only the mobile service data but also the main service data are demultiplexed by the demultiplexer 6003, the audio decoder 6004, the video decoder 6005, the native TV application manager 6006, the channel manager 6007, A second storage unit 6011, a system manager 6012, a data broadcasting application manager 6013, a storage controller 6012, a first storage unit 6009, an SI and / or data decoder 6010, The second storage unit 6014, the third storage unit 6015, and the GPS module 6020, and may be used to provide various services to the user.

The demultiplexer 6003 demultiplexes the mobile service data and the SI (System Information) table from the mobile service data packets input by the control of the SI and / or data decoder (SI and / or data decoder) do. The demultiplexed mobile service data and SI tables are output to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 in the form of a section. In this case, the mobile service data input to the SI and / or the data decoder 6010 may be preferably data for the data service.

System information is needed to extract and decode the mobile service data in the channel through which the mobile service data is transmitted. Such system information is sometimes called service information. The system information may include channel information, event information, and the like.

In the embodiment of the present invention, PSI / PSIP (Program Specific Information / Program and System Information Protocol) is applied as the system information, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, a protocol for transmitting system information in a table format, regardless of its name.

The PSI is a system standard of MPEG-2 defined for classifying channels and programs, and the PSIP is an ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) standard capable of classifying channels and programs.

The PSI may include a Program Association Table (PAT), a Conditional Access Table (CAT), a Program Map Table (PMT), and a Network Information Table (NIT).

The PAT is special information transmitted by a packet having a PID of '0', and transmits PID information of the corresponding PMT and PID information of the NIT for each program. The CAT transmits information on the pay-TV system used by the transmitter. The PMT transmits the PID information of the transport stream packet to which the program identification number and the individual bit stream such as video and audio constituting the program are transmitted, and the PID information to which the PCR is transmitted. The NIT transmits the information of the actual transmission network.

In one embodiment, the PSIP includes a Virtual Channel Table (VCT), a System Time Table (STT), a Rating Region Table (RRT), an Extended Text Table (ETT), a Direct Channel Change Table (DCCT) Code Table, EIT (Event Information Table), and MGT (Master Guide Table).

The VCT transmits information on a virtual channel, for example, channel information for channel selection and a packet identifier (PID) for receiving audio and / or video. That is, when the VCT is parsed, the PID of the audio and video of the broadcast program loaded in the channel together with the channel name, the channel number, and the like can be known.

67 shows an embodiment of a VCT according to the present invention.

The VCT syntax shown in FIG. 67 includes at least one of a table_id field, a section_syntax_indicator field, a private_indicator field, a section_length field, a transport_stream_id field, a version_number field, a current_next_indicator field, a section_number field, a last_section_number field, a protocol_version field and a num_channels_in_section field.

The VCT syntax further includes a first loop of a 'for' loop in which the num_channels_in_section field value is repeated. In the first loop, a short_name field, a major_channel_number field, a minor_channel_number field, a modulation_mode field, a carrier_frequency field, a channel_TSID field, a program_number field , An ETM_location field, an access_controlled field, a hidden field, a service_type field, a source_id field, a descriptor_length field, and a second loop composed of 'for' loops repeated for the number of descriptors included in the first loop. In the present invention, the second loop is referred to as a first descriptor loop for convenience of explanation. Descriptors descriptors () included in the first descriptor loop are descriptors individually applied to each virtual channel.

The VCT syntax may further include an additional_descriptor_length field and a third loop composed of 'for' loops which are repeated by the number of descriptors added to the VCT. In the present invention, the third loop is referred to as a second descriptor loop for convenience of explanation. The descriptor additional_descriptors () included in the second descriptor loop is a descriptor commonly applied to all virtual channels described in the VCT.

In FIG. 67 constructed as described above, the table_id field indicates a unique identifier (ID) capable of recognizing that information transmitted to the table is a VCT. That is, the table_id field indicates a value indicating that the table to which this section belongs is a VCT, and may be assigned, for example, 0xC8.

The version_number field indicates the version value of the VCT, the section_number field indicates the number of this section, and the last_section_number field indicates the number of the last section of the complete VCT. The num_channels_in_section field specifies the total number of virtual channels in the VCT section.

The short_name field in the first loop of the 'for' loop indicates a virtual channel name, the major_channel_number field indicates a 'major' channel number associated with a virtual channel defined in the first loop, the minor_channel_number field indicates' Minor 'channel number. That is, each virtual channel number should be connected to the major and minor channel numbers, and the major and minor channel numbers serve as user reference numbers for the corresponding virtual channel.

The program_number field is used to connect an MPEG-2 PAT (Program Association Table) and a virtual channel defined by a PMT (Program Map Table), and coincides with a program number in the PAT / PMT. Here, the PAT describes the components of the program for each program number, and indicates the PID of the transport packet for transmitting the PMT. The PMT describes a program identification number and a PID list and associated information of a transport packet in which individual bit strings such as video and audio constituting a program are transmitted.

68 shows an embodiment of the service_type field according to the present invention.

The service_type field indicates a service type in the virtual channel. As shown in the figure, the service_type field specifies only an analog television, a digital television, a digital audio, and only digital data, respectively. Also, according to the present invention, the service_type field may specify that mobile broadcasting is referred to. The service_type field parsed via the SI and / or data decoder 6010 will be provided and used in the receiving system as shown in FIG. According to an embodiment, the parsed service_type field may be provided to the audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005, respectively, and may be used for a decoding operation.

The source_id field indicates a program source connected to the virtual channel.

Here, a source refers to one specific source such as video, text, data, or sound. The source_id field value has a unique value in the transport stream for transmitting the VCT.

On the other hand, the descriptor loop (descriptor {}) within the loop of the next 'for' loop may contain a service location descriptor.

The service location descriptor may include stream type, PID, and language code for each elementary stream.

69 shows an embodiment of a service location descriptor according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 69, the service location descriptor may include a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_length field, and a PCR_PID field.

Here, PCR_PID indicates the PID of the transport stream packet including the PCR field valid in the program specified by the program_number field.

The service location descriptor includes the number_elements field to indicate the number of PIDs used in the program. The value of this number_elements field determines the number of iterations of the following for loop loop statement.

69, a stream_type field indicating the stream type of the corresponding elementary stream (video, audio, data), an elementary_PID field indicating the PID of the corresponding elementary stream, and a language code of the elementary stream And an ISO_639_language_code field indicating the ISO_639_language_code field.

FIG. 70 shows an embodiment that can be assigned to the stream_type field according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 70, the stream type includes ISO / IEC 11172 Video, ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO / IEC 13818-2 Video or ISO / IEC 11172-2 constrained parameter video stream, ISO / IEC 11172 Audio, ISO / IEC 13818-3 Audio, ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO / IEC 13818-1 private_sections, ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO / IEC 13818-1 PES packets containing private data, ISO / IEC 13522 MHEG, ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO / IEC 13818-1 Annex A DSM CC, ITU-T Rec. H.222.1, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type A, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type B, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type C, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type D and ISO / IEC 13818-1 auxiliary .

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus and method for providing a video stream, including a MPH video stream, a non-hierarchical mode, a MPH audio stream, a non-hierarchical mode, a MPH Non-A / V stream, MPHH Priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode, MPHHow priority video stream: Hierarchical mode, MPHHow priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode.

Here, MPH is the first letter of each of mobile, pedestrian, and handheld, and is the opposite of fixed type. Therefore, the MPH video stream may be a non-hierarchical mode, a MPH audio stream may be a non-hierarchical mode, a MPH Non-A / V stream may be a non-hierarchical mode, an MPH may be a high priority video stream, MPH Low Priority video stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH Low priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode defines the stream type applied when transmitting / receiving mobile broadcasts. The Hierarchical mode and the Non-hierarchical mode are values used when there is a stream to which a hierarchical structure is applied to any coding / decoding scheme and a priority is applied. Therefore, when a codec of a hierarchical structure is used, a corresponding field value including a hierarchical mode and a non-hierarchical mode is designated in the stream type field, and each stream is distinguished. The stream type information is parsed by the SI and / data decoder 6010 and provided to the video / audio decoders 6004 and 6005, and the video / audio decoders 6004 and 6005 decode the stream type information using the stream type information. .

Other stream types that may be applied include MPEG 4 AUDIO, AC 3, AAC, AAC +, BSAC, HE AAC, AAC SBR and MPEG-S for audio data and MPEG 2 VIDEO and MPEG 4 VIDEO , H.264, SVC, VC-1, etc. can be added.

Instead of each audio stream and video stream in a field where a hierarchical mode or a non-hierarchical mode such as MPH video stream: Non-hierarchical mode or MPH audio stream: Non-hierarchical mode is used in FIG. 70, MPEG 2 VIDEO, MPEG 4 VIDEO, H.264, SVC, and VC-1 for video data are replaced with MPEG 4 AUDIO, AC 3, AAC, AAC +, BSAC, HE AAC, AAC SBR and MPEG- Which are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

The stream_type field may be defined as one field in the PMT. In this case, the stream_type field may have the above syntax.

The STT transmits current date and time information, and the RRT transmits information about a region and a reviewing institution for a program rating. The ETT transmits an additional description of a channel and a broadcast program, and the EIT transmits information on an event of a virtual channel (e.g., title, start time, etc.).

71 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a bitstream syntax for an EIT according to the present invention.

The embodiment of the EIT (Event Information Table) of FIG. 71 includes a table of PSIP including information about a title, a start time, and a duration of an event of a virtual channel, Lt; / RTI > As shown in FIG. 71, the EIT is composed of a plurality of fields.

The table_id field is composed of 8 bits and has a value of '0xCB', which means that the section belongs to the EIT.

The section_syntax_indicator field consists of 1 bit and has a value of '1', which means that the section follows the section_length field and follows the generic section syntax.

The private_indicator field consists of 1 bit and can have a value of '1'.

The source_ID is an ID identifying the virtual channel that carries the event shown in this table.

The version_numbers_in_section field indicates the version of the object in the event information table. In the present invention, the event change information included in the event information table having the new version number with respect to the conventional version number is recognized as the latest change information.

The current_next_indicator field indicates whether the event information included in the EIT is current information or future information.

The num_event field indicates the number of events belonging to the channel having the source ID. That is, the lower event loop repeats the number of events.

The EIT field described above is a field commonly applied to at least one event included in one EIT syntax.

The loop including "for (j = 0; j <num_events_in_section; j ++) {}" describes the characteristics of each of the events. The following fields are fields showing detailed information about individual events. Therefore, the following fields are individually applied to the event described by the EIT syntax.

The event_ID in the event loop is an identifier that identifies each individual event. The number of the event ID is part of event ETM_ID (identifier for event extended text message).

The start_time field is a field indicating the start time of the event.

Therefore, the start time information of the program provided by the electronic program information is collected in this field.

The length_in_seconds field indicates the duration of the event. Therefore, end time information, which is the end time of the program provided by the electronic program information, is collected in this field. That is, the value of the start time field and the value of the length in seconds field are added to collect the end time information.

The title_text () field can be used to display the title of a broadcast program.

On the other hand, a descriptor applied to each event can be included in the EIT. The descriptors_length field indicates the length of the descriptor.

The descriptor loop (descriptor {}) in the loop of the next 'for' loop includes the AC-3 audio descriptor, the MPEG 2 audio descriptor, the MPEG 4 audio descriptor, the AAC descriptor, the AAC + descriptor, the HE AAC descriptor, And may include at least one of a SBR descriptor, an MPEG surround descriptor, a BSAC descriptor, an MPEG 2 video descriptor, an MPEG 4 video descriptor, an H.264 descriptor, an SVC descriptor, and a VC-1 descriptor. Where each descriptor describes information about the audio / video codec applied to each event. Information on such a codec may be provided to the audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005 and used for decoding.

The DCCT / DCCSCT transmits information related to automatic channel change, and the MGT transmits version and PID information of each table in the PSIP.

The tables in the PSI / PSIP all have a basic unit called a section, and one or more sections are combined to form one table. For example, the VCT may be divided into 256 sections. In addition, one section may contain a plurality of virtual channel information, but information on one virtual channel is not divided into two or more sections.

At this time, the receiving system can parse and decode the mobile service data transmitted using only the tables in the PSI, only the tables in the PSIP, or the combination of the tables in the PSI and the PSIP.

In order to parse and decode the mobile service data, at least PAT and PMT are required for PSI and VCT is required for PSIP.

For example, the PAT may include system information for transmitting the mobile service data and a PID of a PMT corresponding to data (or program number) for the data service, and the PMT may transmit the mobile service data And may include the PID of the TS packet.

The VCT may include information of a virtual channel for transmitting the mobile service data and a PID of a TS packet transmitting the mobile service data.

In some embodiments, DVB-SI may be applied instead of PSIP. Such DVB-SI may include NIT, SDT, EIT, TDT, and the like. This DVB-SI can be used with the above-mentioned PSI.

The network information table (NIT) classifies services belonging to a specific network provider into groups. This table contains all the tuning information used during IRD configuration. This table can be used to signal changes in tuning information. The service description table (SDT) contains a name and other parameters associated with each service of a particular MPEG multiplex. The event information table (EIT) is used for transmission of information related to all events occurring in the MPEG multiplex. This table contains information about the current transport and contains information that selectively encompasses other transport streams that the IRD can receive. The time and date table (TDT) is used for IRD internal clock update.

In addition, there are three optional SI tables:

That is, the bouquet associate table (BAT) provides a method of grouping services that an IRD can use as a way to provide services to viewers. A particular service can belong to more than one `bouquet`. The Running Status Table (RST) section is used to quickly update one or more event execution states. The execution state section is transmitted only once at the time when the state of the event changes. Other SI tables are usually transmitted repeatedly. The stuffing table (ST) can be used to replace or discard dependent tables or entire SI tables.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when the mobile service data is audio or video data, the mobile service data loaded in the payload in the TS packet is preferably a PES type.

In another embodiment of the present invention, when the mobile service data is data for data service, the mobile service data in the payload in the TS packet is in the form of a DSM-CC section.

However, the TS packet carrying data for the data service may be a packetized elementary stream (PES) type or a section type. That is, data for a PES type data service is composed of TS packets or data for a section type data service is composed of TS packets.

In the present invention, the data for the data service is transmitted as a section type according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the data for the data service is included in a digital storage media-command and control (DSM-CC) section, and the DSM-CC section is again composed of 188-byte TS packets.

The identifier of the TS packet constituting the DSM-CC section is included in the DST (Data Service Table). If the DST is transmitted, 0x95 is assigned to the PMT or the stream_type field value in the service location descriptor of the VCT. That is, in the receiving system, if the stream_type field value of the PMT or VCT is 0x95, it can be seen that the data broadcasting including the mobile service data, that is, the mobile service data is being received. At this time, the mobile service data may be transmitted in a data / object carousel manner. The data / object carousel scheme means that the same data is periodically repeatedly transmitted.

At this time, the demultiplexer 6003 performs section filtering under the control of the SI and / or the data decoder 6010 to discard the overlapped sections and outputs only the non-overlapped sections to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 .

Further, the demultiplexer 6003 may output only a section constituting a desired table, for example, a VCT or an EIT, to the SI and / or the data decoder 6010 through section filtering. The VCT or EIT may include a specific descriptor for the mobile service data. However, it does not exclude that the mobile service data is included in another table such as PMT.

As a method of the section filtering, there is a table defined by a MGT, for example, a PID of a VCT is confirmed and a section filtering is performed. If the VCT has a fixed PID, in other words a base PID, , And a section filtering is performed immediately. At this time, the demultiplexer 6003 performs section filtering by referring to a PID, a table_id field, a version_number field, a section_number field, and the like.

In other words, there are two methods for defining the PID of the VCT according to the present invention.

The PID of the VCT is a packet identifier required to distinguish the VCT from other tables.

As a first method, the PID of the VCT according to the present invention can be set to be dependent on the MGT. In this case, the receiving system can not directly check the VCT among a large number of tables of the PSIP or the PSI, and the VCT can be docked only after checking the PID defined in the MGT. The MGT is a table that defines a PID, a size, a version number, and the like of various tables.

As a second method, the PID of the VCT according to the present invention may be set to have a base PID value independent from the MGT, that is, a fixed PID value. In this case, unlike the first method, there is an advantage that the VCT according to the present invention can be identified without individually checking the PID of the MGT. Of course, the commitment to the base PID must be preceded between the sending system and the receiving system.

Meanwhile, according to an embodiment, the demultiplexer 6003 may output only an application information table (AIT) to the SI and / or the data decoder 6010 through section filtering. The AIT refers to a table including information on an application running on a receiver for a data service, and is sometimes referred to as XAIT or AMT. Therefore, any table that contains information about the application will apply to the description below. When this AIT is transmitted, 0x05 may be assigned to the stream_type field of the PMT.

Such an AIT may include information about an application, such as an application name, an application version, an application priority, an application ID, an application status (auto-start, (Java or HTML), the location of streams containing application classes and data files, the application base directory, and the location of application icons.

As a method of detecting application information for a data service using the AIT, component_tag, original_network_id, transport_stream_id, and service_id can be detected and used. The component_tag refers to an elementary stream carrying the DSI of the object carousel, and the original_network_id refers to a DVB-SI original_network_id of a TS providing a transport connection. The transport_stream_id refers to an MPEG TS of a TS providing a transport connection, and the service_id refers to a DVB-SI of a service providing a transport connection. The original_network_id, the transport_stream_id, and the service_id are used to obtain information about a specific channel. Data for the detected data service using the above information, for example, application data may be stored in the second storage unit 6011 by the SI and / or data decoder 6010. [

The SI and / or data decoder 6010 parses the DSM-CC section constituting the demultiplexed mobile service data, and stores the mobile service data, which is the parsing result, in the second storage unit 6011.

The SI and / or data decoder 6010 collects the sections having the same table identifier (table_id) and constructs and parses a table, and converts the parsed system information into a second storage unit 6011.

In parsing, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 reads all of the actual section data portions that are not filtered or not section filtered by the demultiplexer 6003, (6011). The second storage unit 6011 is a table and a data / object carousel database for storing system information parsed in a table and mobile service data parsed in a DSM-CC section.

Here, whether a table is composed of one section or a plurality of sections can be known through a table_id field, a section_number field, a last_section_number field and the like in the table. For example, collecting only the TS packets having the PID of the VCT becomes a section, and collecting the sections having the table identifier assigned to the VCT becomes the VCT.

When the VCT is parsed, information on a virtual channel through which mobile service data is transmitted can be obtained.

Also, according to the present invention, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 parses the SLD of the VCT and transmits the stream type information of the corresponding elementary stream to the audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005. In this case, the audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005 perform an audio or video decoding operation using the transmitted stream type information.

In addition, according to the present invention, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 may include an AC-3 audio descriptor, an MPEG 2 audio descriptor, an MPEG 4 audio descriptor, an AAC descriptor, an AAC + descriptor, a HEAC descriptor, an AAC SBR descriptor, the audio or video codec information of the event is parsed by the audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005 by parsing the surround descriptor, BSAC descriptor, MPEG 2 video descriptor, MPEG 4 video descriptor, H.264 descriptor, SVC descriptor, Lt; / RTI &gt; In this case, the audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005 perform an audio or video decoding operation using the transmitted audio or video codec information.

The acquired application identification information, service component identification information, and service information of the data service may be stored in the second storage unit 6011 or may be output to the data broadcasting application manager 6013.

The application identification information, the service component identification information, and the service information may be used to decode the data for the data service, or may be prepared in advance for driving the application program for the data service.

Also, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 may control the demultiplexing of the system information table, which is a channel and event related information table, to transmit the A / V PID list to the channel manager 6007.

The channel manager 6007 can refer to the channel map 6008 and send a system related information table reception request to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 and receive the result. The channel manager 6007 may control channel tuning of the tuner 6001.

Also, the channel manager 6007 may control the audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005 by directly controlling the demultiplexer 6003 and setting the A / V PID directly.

The audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005 may decode and output the demultiplexed audio and video data from the main service data packet, respectively, and may decode and output the demultiplexed audio and video data from the mobile service data packet, respectively . According to an embodiment of the present invention, when mobile service data includes audio data and video data as well as data for data service, demultiplexed audio data and video data in the demultiplexer 6003 are transmitted to an audio decoder 6004, a video decoder 6005, respectively. For example, the audio decoder 6004 may include an audio decoder 6004 and an audio decoder 6004. The audio decoder 6004 may include an audio decoder 6004, an MPEG 2 audio decoding algorithm, an MPEG 4 audio decoding algorithm, an AAC decoding algorithm, an AAC + decoding algorithm, a HE AAC decoding algorithm, an AAC SBR decoding algorithm, BSAC decoding algorithm, and the video decoder 6005 can decode it by applying the MPEG 2 video decoding algorithm, the MPEG 4 video decoding algorithm, the H.264 decoding algorithm, the SVC decoding algorithm, and the VC-1 decoding algorithm.

Meanwhile, the native TV application manager 6006 drives a native application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 to perform general functions such as channel switching. The native application program means software that is embedded at the time of shipment of the receiving system.

That is, when there is a user request to the receiving system through the user interface (UI), the native TV application manager 6006 displays a graphic user interface (GUI) on the screen and responds to the request of the user .

The user interface receives a user request through an input device such as a remote controller, a keypad, a jog dial, a touch screen provided on the screen, and outputs the user request to the native TV application manager 6006 and the data broadcasting application manager 6013.

Also, the native TV application manager 6006 controls the channel manager 6007 to control the channel related operation, that is, the channel map 6008 and the SI and / or data decoder 6010. The native TV application manager 6006 stores and restores the GUI control of the entire receiving system, the user request, and the status of the receiving system in the first storage unit 6009.

The channel manager 6007 controls the tuner 6001 and the SI and / or data decoder 6010 to manage the channel map 6008 so as to comply with the channel requirement of the user.

That is, the channel manager 6007 requests the SI and / or data decoder 6010 to parse a table related to a channel to be tuned, and requests the SI and / And the result is parsed. The channel manager 6007 updates the channel map 6008 in accordance with the reported parsing result and transmits a PID for demultiplexing the data for the data service and the related table from the mobile service data, (6003).

The system manager 6012 controls the booting of the receiving system by turning on and off the power, and stores the ROM image (including the downloaded software image) in the first storage unit 6009. [

That is, the first storage unit 6009 stores an operating program such as an operating system (OS) necessary for operating the receiving system and an application program for performing a data service function.

The application program is a program for processing the data for the data service stored in the second storage unit 6011 and providing the data service to the user. If data for data service is stored in the second storage unit 6011, the data is processed by the application program or another application program and provided to the user.

The operating program and the application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 may be updated or modified by a new program to be downloaded. Also, since the stored operation programs and application programs are continuously stored even if the operation power supply is interrupted, they can be executed without being newly downloaded when the operation power is supplied.

The application program for providing the data service according to the present invention may be embedded in the first storage unit 6009 at the time of shipment of the receiving system or may be stored in the first storage unit 6009 through downloading. Also, the application program for the data service stored in the first storage unit 6009, that is, the data service providing application program, can be deleted, updated, and modified. In addition, the data service providing application program may be downloaded together with data for the data service each time data for the data service is received and executed.

When the data broadcasting application manager 6013 requests a data service by a user interface (UI), the data broadcasting application manager 6013 drives the corresponding application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 to process the requested data, Provides data services. For this data service, the data broadcasting application manager 6013 supports the GUI. Here, the data service is provided in the form of text, voice, graphic, still image, moving picture, and the like.

The data broadcasting application manager may include a platform for executing an application program stored in the first storage unit 6009. [ The platform may be, for example, a Java Virtual Machine for executing a Java program.

Next, the data broadcasting application manager 6013 executes the data service providing application program stored in the first storing unit 6009 and processes the data for the data service stored in the second storing unit 6011, An example of providing a service will be described.

For example, assuming that the data service is a traffic information service, the data service of the present invention can be applied to an electronic map, GPS, , And a moving picture. In this case, if the GPS module 6020 is installed in the receiving system as shown in FIG. 66, the GPS module 6020 receives the satellite signals transmitted from the plurality of low-earth orbit satellites and extracts current position information (longitude, latitude and altitude) And outputs it to the data broadcasting application manager 6013. At this time, it is assumed that an electronic map including information on each link and node and various graphic information are stored in the second storage unit 6011, the first storage unit 6009, or another storage unit (not shown).

That is, at the request of the data broadcasting application manager 6013, the data for the data service stored in the second storage unit 6011 is read and input to the data broadcasting application manager 6013.

The data broadcasting application manager 6013 analyzes the data for the data service read from the second storage unit 6011 and extracts necessary information and / or control signals according to the contents of the message. That is, the data broadcasting application manager 6013 processes the current position information graphically to provide the user with current position information and graphic information.

72 is a block diagram of a digital broadcasting receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The receiving system of FIG. 72 includes a tuner 7001, a demodulator 7002, a demultiplexer 7003, a first descrambler 7004, an audio decoder 7005, a video decoder 7006, a second descrambler 7007, An authentication means 7008, a native TV application manager 7009, a channel manager 7010, a channel map 7011, a first storage 7012, an SI and / or a data decoder 7013, 7014, a system manager 7015, a data broadcasting application manager 7016, a storage controller 7017, a third storage 7018, and a communication module 7019 and a GPS module 7020 . The first storage unit 7012 is a nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) (or flash memory). The third storage unit 7018 is a mass storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a memory chip. In the description of each part constituting the above-described FIG. 72, the parts overlapping with those in FIG. 66 are omitted from the above description.

Meanwhile, the transmitting side can scramble and transmit the broadcast content to provide a service or a pay-TV service for preventing illegal copying or illegal viewing of the mobile service and / or main service data transmitted using the broadcasting network.

In this case, the receiving system can descramble the scrambled broadcast content to provide a proper broadcast content to the user. Further, the receiving system may be subjected to the authentication procedure by the authentication means before the descrambling.

Hereinafter, a receiving system including authentication means and descrambling means according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The receiving system according to the present invention may include means for receiving and descrambling the scrambled broadcast content and means for authenticating whether the receiving system is a legitimate receiving system with respect to the descrambling.

Hereinafter, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 are referred to as descrambling means and the authentication means 7008 is referred to as the authentication means. This name is only an example and may be named another name, e.g., a decrypter.

Although the receiving system of FIG. 72 includes the descramblers 7004 and 7007 and the authentication means 7008 as an example, it may be separately provided in the external module. In addition, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 and the authentication means 7008 may be provided separately in the internal or external module. The module can be a slot type such as an SD or a CF memory, a memory stick type, a USB type, or the like, and can be attached to and detached from a receiving system.

As described above, if the reception system succeeds in authentication through the authentication means 7008, the scrambled broadcast content can be descrambled by the descramblers 7004 and 7007 and provided to the user. At this time, the authentication method and the descrambling method can use various methods. In that case, however, it may be due to a predetermined commitment between the sender and the receiver.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the authentication method and the descrambling method will be described for convenience of description, and redundant description will be omitted. However, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described several embodiments, but is included in the present invention even in the technical concept which is obvious to a person skilled in the art.

First, the case where the receiving system is provided with the authentication means 7008 and the descramblers 7004 and 7007 will be described as follows.

The receiving system receives the scrambled broadcast content through the tuner 7001 and the demodulator 7002, and the system manager 7015 determines whether or not the received broadcast content can be scrambled. If the broadcast content is scrambled as a result of the determination, the control unit 7008 controls the authentication unit 7008 to operate.

The authentication means 7008 performs an authentication process to determine whether the receiving system is a legitimate host qualified to receive the pay-TV service, as described above. At this time, the authentication procedure may be performed according to various authentication methods.

In one embodiment, the authentication means 7008 can authenticate the IP datagram in the received broadcast content by comparing the IP address of the received IP datagram with a unique address of the host. At this time, the unique address of the receiving system may be a MAC address. That is, the authentication means 7008 extracts the IP address from the decapsulated IP datagram and obtains the reception system information mapped to the corresponding address. At this time, the receiving system must have information (for example, a table format) that can map the IP address and the receiving system information in advance.

Therefore, the authentication means 7008 determines the identity of the receiving system mapped with the IP address of the receiving system, and performs the authentication procedure. That is, the authentication means 7008 can determine that the receiving system is a legitimate receiving system having the reception qualification if the two pieces of information are the same.

In another embodiment, identification information previously standardized on the transmitting / receiving side is defined, identification information of the receiving system for which a pay-TV service is requested is transmitted from the transmitting side, and the receiving system determines authentication with its identification number There is a way. That is, the transmitting side generates and stores a unique identification information (number) of a corresponding receiving system to which a pay broadcast service is requested, and when the broadcasting contents are scrambled, the transmitting side includes the identification information in an EMM (Entitlement Management Message) do.

When the broadcast content is scrambled, a message (e.g., ECM, EMM) such as Conditional Access System (CAS) information, mode information, and message location information applied to the scramble is transmitted through the corresponding data header or another packet . The ECM (Entitlement Control Message) may include a control word (CW) used for scrambling. At this time, the control word may be encrypted with an authentication key. The EMM may include the authentication key and the qualification information of the corresponding data. The authentication key may be encrypted with a unique distribution key of the recipient. That is, assume that mobile service data is scrambled using a control word (CW), and information for authentication and information for descrambling are transmitted from the transmitting side. Then, the transmitting side encrypts the CW with the authentication key, and transmits the encryption key in the entitlement control message (ECM). The transmitting side also transmits the authentication key used for encrypting the CW and the reception status of the reception system (for example, the standardized serial number of the reception system with reception status) in the EMM.

Accordingly, the authentication means 7008 of the receiving system extracts the identification information unique to the receiving system, extracts the identification information included in the EMM of the received broadcasting service, determines whether the two identification information are identical or not, and performs the authentication procedure . That is, the authentication means 7008 can determine that the receiving system is a legitimate receiving system having the reception qualification if the two pieces of information are the same.

In another embodiment, the receiving system may include the authentication means 7008 in a detachable external module. At this time, the receiving system and the external module interface through a common interface (CI). That is, the external module may perform descrambling by receiving scrambled data from the receiving system through a common interface, or may transmit only information necessary for descrambling to the receiving system.

In addition, the common interface includes a physical layer and one or more protocol layers, and the protocol layer may include one or more layers that provide independent functions in consideration of future scalability.

The external module may be a memory or card that stores key information and authentication information used for scrambling and does not have a descrambling function, or a card including a descrambling function. That is, the module may include a descrambling function in the form of hardware, middleware, or software.

At this time, the receiving system and the external module must be authenticated in order to provide the user with the pay-TV service provided by the transmitting side. Therefore, the transmitting side may provide a pay-TV service only to the receiving system and the module pair that have received the authentication.

In addition, the receiving system and the external module need mutual authentication through a common interface. That is, the module can communicate with the system manager 7015 in the receiving system through a common interface to authenticate the receiving system, and the receiving system can authenticate the module via the common interface. In the mutual authentication process, the module extracts the unique ID of the receiving system and the unique ID of the receiving system, and transmits the extracted ID to the transmitting side. The transmitting side can use the value as the service starting and charging information. The system manager 7015 may transmit the billing information to the transmitter of the remote site via the communication module 7019 if necessary.

The authentication means 7008 authenticates the receiving system and / or the external module. If the authentication is successful, the authentication means 7008 recognizes the receiving system as a legitimate receiving system qualified to receive the pay-TV service. Also, the authentication means 7008 may receive authentication-related data from a mobile communication company subscribed by a receiving system user other than the transmitting side providing the broadcast content. At this time, the authentication-related data may be scrambled by the transmitting side providing the broadcast content and transmitted through the mobile communication company or scrambled by the mobile communication company.

If authentication is successful in the authentication means 7008 through the authentication procedure, the receiving system can descramble the received broadcast content scrambled. At this time, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 may be descrambled, and the descramblers 7004 and 7007 may be provided in a receiving system or an external module.

The receiving system also has a common interface and can be descrambled in communication with external modules including descramblers 7004 and 7007. That is, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 may be included in the module or included in the receiving system in the form of hardware, middleware, or software. The descramblers 7004 and 7007 may include both the module and the receiving system.

If the descramblers 7004 and 7007 are provided in the receiving system, it is advantageous when the transmitting side (including at least one of the service provider and the broadcasting station) scrambles and transmits data by the same scramble method.

On the other hand, if the descramblers 7004 and 7007 are included in the external module, it is advantageous when data is scrambled and transmitted by different scrambling methods for each transmission side. In this case, the receiving system does not need to have a descrambling algorithm of each transmitting end, which can further simplify and downsize. Therefore, in this case, the external module may be a CA function provided exclusively by each transmitting side and a function for providing various services to be provided to the user.

The common interface communicates between the various types of external modules and the system manager 7015 in the receiving system in a single manner. In addition, since the receiving system can operate at least one or more modules providing different services at the same time, the receiving system can connect the plurality of modules to the system manager 7015.

In addition, the common interface protocol between the receiving system and the external module includes a function of periodically checking the state of the other party in order to maintain normal communication with each other. The receiving system and the module use the function to manage the state of the other party, and if one of them malfunctions, the receiving system and the module report to the user or the transmission side and try to recover.

In yet another embodiment, the authentication procedure can be performed in software without depending on the hardware.

That is, the receiving system receives the CAS software from the memory card, loads the CAS software, and performs the authentication procedure when a memory card pre-stored through downloading the CAS software is inserted. The CAS software read from the memory card is mounted in the first storage unit 7012 in the reception system and is driven in one application form. Particularly, in the present invention, the CAS software is mounted and executed on a middleware basis. In addition, the middleware will be described using Java middleware as an example.

To this end, the receiving system may have a common interface for connection with a memory card, and the first storage unit 7012 may be a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, and a flash memory (or flash ROM). At this time, the memory card mainly uses a flash memory or a small-sized hard disk. The memory card may be used in at least one receiving system depending on the contents of the CAS software to be stored, authentication, scrambling, charging, and the like.

However, the CAS software must include at least information necessary for authentication and information necessary for descrambling.

Accordingly, the authentication means 7008 performs an authentication procedure between the transmitting side and the receiving system, and between the receiving system and the memory card. At this time, similarly to the above description, the memory card may include information on a normal receiving system which can be authenticated as being eligible to receive. For example, the information about the receiving system may include unique information such as a serial number standardized for the receiving system. Accordingly, the authentication means 7008 can perform authentication between the memory card and the receiving system by comparing the unique information such as the standardized serial number included in the memory card with the unique information of the receiving system.

When the CAS software is operated based on Java middleware, the CAS software first performs authentication between the receiving system and the memory card. For example, if the unique number of the receiving system included in the CAS software is the same as the unique number of the receiving system read from the system manager 7015 of the receiving system, if it is the same, It is identified as a memory card. At this time, the CAS software may be embedded in the first storage unit 7015 at the time of shipment of the receiving system or downloaded to the first storage unit 7015 from the transmitting side or the module or memory card as described above. Then, the descrambling function can be operated by the data broadcasting application manager 7009 in a single application form.

Then, the CAS software parses the EMM / ECM packet output from the demultiplexer 7003 to determine whether the receiver is eligible to receive information, and obtains information (i.e., CW) necessary for descrambling to obtain descramblers 7004 and 7007 to provide. That is, the CAS software operating under the Java middleware first reads the unique number of the receiving system from the receiving system, compares the unique number of the receiving system transmitted to the EMM, and confirms the reception qualification of the receiving system.

When the reception qualification of the reception system is confirmed, the reception system checks whether the reception system is eligible to receive the broadcasting service by using the broadcasting service information transmitted to the ECM and the reception qualification of the broadcasting service. When it is confirmed that the broadcasting service can be received, the encrypted CW transmitted to the ECM is decrypted using the authentication key transmitted to the EMM, and the decrypted CW is output to the descramblers 7004 and 7007. The descramblers 7004 and 7007 descramble the broadcast service using the CW.

Meanwhile, the CAS software stored in the memory card is expandable according to a paid service to be provided by a broadcasting station. The CAS software may also include other additional information as well as information related to authentication and descrambling.

And the receiving system may download the CAS software from the sender and upgrade the CAS software stored in the memory card.

As described above, according to the present invention, if a broadcast receiver of any type is provided with only an external memory interface, by implementing a CAS system in such a manner that all memory cards removable from the receiving system are satisfied, a receiving system capable of receiving pay- Implement maximum functionality at minimal cost and respect diversity in the receiving system.

In addition, since only the minimum application program interface (API) needs to be implemented in the implementation method, it is possible to minimize the burden on the receiving system manufacturer and remove the portion that was forced to depend on the CAS vendor. As a result, the cost for the CAS equipment construction and operation system of the transmitting side can be minimized.

Meanwhile, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 may be included in the module in hardware or software form. In this case, the scrambled data may be descrambled and decoded in the module.

Also, when scrambled data is stored in the third storage unit 7018, the scrambled data may be descrambled and stored. Alternatively, the scrambled data may be stored as it is and then descrambled at the time of reproduction. If the scramble / descramble algorithm is included in the storage control unit 7017, the storage control unit 7017 scrambles the scrambled data again and stores the scrambled data in the third storage unit 7018.

In another embodiment, the descrambled broadcast content is transmitted through a broadcasting network, and authentication and descrambling-related information for releasing the reception restriction is transmitted and received through the communication module 7019, Communication is enabled.

The receiving system transmits unique information (ID) such as a serial number or a MAC address of the receiving system to the transmitting side so that the transmitting side can recognize the broadcasting data desired to be transmitted and received with the transmitting side located at a remote site and the receiving system transmitting the broadcasting data, To the internal communication module or from the communication module in the transmission side.

The in-system communication module 7019 provides a protocol necessary for performing bidirectional communication with a communication module in the transmitting side in a receiving system that does not support the bidirectional communication function.

The receiving system constructs a PDU (Protocol Data Unit) using a Tag-Length-Value (TLV) coding method including data to be transmitted and unique IDs. The tag field contains the index of the corresponding PDU, the length field contains the length of the Value field, and the Value field contains the actual data to be transmitted and the receiver system unique number (ID).

If a receiving system is equipped with a Java platform and a platform for operating a Java application on the transmitting side after downloading the Java application to a receiving system via a network is constructed, a PDU including a tag field arbitrarily defined by the transmitting side May be downloaded from a storage medium or the like in the receiving system and then transmitted to the communication module 7019. [

In this case, the PDU may constitute a PDU in the Java application in the receiving system and output it to the communication module 7019. Alternatively, the Java application may transmit the tag value, the actual data to be transmitted and the unique information of the receiving system, and configure the PDU through TLV coding in the receiving system.

The advantage of this structure is that even if the data (or application) desired by the sender is added, the firmware of the receiving system need not be changed.

At this time, the transmitting-side intra-communication module transmits the PDU transmitted from the receiving system through the wireless data network or transmits the data received through the network to the receiving system. At this time, when the PDU to be transmitted to the receiving system is configured, the transmitting-end communication module may be configured to include the transmitting-side unique information (e.g., IP address, etc.) of the remote location.

At this time, in receiving and transmitting through the wireless data network, the receiving system includes a WAP, a CDMA 1x EV-DO, a wireless LAN which can be accessed through an access point, and a wireless LAN which has a common interface and can be accessed through a mobile communication base station such as CDMA, GSM, A portable Internet, a WiBro, a WiMAX, and the like. The above-described receiving system is applicable when there is no communication function, but the communication module 7019 is not required in the case of the receiving system having the communication function.

The broadcast data transmitted and received through the wireless data network may include data necessary for performing a CA function.

Meanwhile, the demultiplexer 7003 receives real-time data output from the demodulation unit 7002 or data read from the third storage unit 7018 and performs demultiplexing. In the present invention, the demultiplexer 7003 demultiplexes a mobile service data packet according to an embodiment of the present invention. A detailed description thereof is given above and is omitted here.

The first descrambler 7004 receives the demultiplexed signal from the demultiplexer 7003 and descrambles the demultiplexed signal. At this time, the first descrambler 7004 may receive data necessary for authentication result or descramble from the authentication means 7008 and use it for descrambling.

The audio decoder 7005 and the video decoder 7006 receive and descramble the descrambled signal in the first descrambler 7004 or output it without descrambling in the first descrambler 7004 And outputs the decoded data. In this case, the decoded signal is received and descrambled by the second descrambler 7007 to be processed.

Scalable  Video service

Meanwhile, considering a variable bit rate environment of a mobile service, a scalable video service according to a bit rate change is needed.

To this end, the present invention enables a scalable video service on a mobile service, and enables a channel setting and a mobile service to be efficiently performed when a scalable video service is provided.

Particularly, in processing scalable video to be used for a mobile service, the present invention allows a demultiplexer to select each layer in a demultiplexer, thereby reducing the amount of computation of the video decoder.

 One scalable bitstream can be composed of two or more dependent layers. In this case, the scalable codec is composed of one lowest layer and a plurality of enhancement layers. Here, the information of the lowest hierarchical layer and the consecutive higher hierarchical layers are used together to produce a more advanced video bitstream. For example, image quality scalability can produce bitstreams having the same spatial and temporal dimensions from one bitstream but with different image qualities. Generally, the lowest layer provides image quality, and the successive higher layers encode to have higher image quality than video made of previous layers. Likewise, the same principle applies to time and spatial resolution to support scalability.

73 is a conceptual diagram of temporal scalability associated with continuous operation of a video stream. Video Scalability includes temporal scalability, spatial scalability related to picture size, SNR (Scalability or Fidelity) related to picture quality, etc. .

In the present invention, time scalability is described as an embodiment, but spatial scalability and SNR scalability are also included in the scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of time scalability according to the present invention is merely an example for describing the present invention.

74 shows an embodiment of a method of transmitting layer data of scalable video according to the present invention.

In the present invention, different PIDs (Packet Identification) are allocated to each layer of the scalable video data, and each PID is composed of ES (elementary stream).

For example, the PID value inserted in the header of the video stream packet including the video element stream of the lowest layer and the PID value inserted in the header of the video stream packet including the video element stream of the first upper layer are different from each other. In the present invention, a video stream packet is composed of a header and a payload. In this case, the header allocates 4 bytes and the payload allocates 184 bytes. The numbers assigned to the headers and payloads may vary by the system designer, so the present invention will not be limited to these numbers.

The process of configuring a video stream packet by assigning different PIDs to the scalable video data for each layer may be performed in the service multiplexer 100 in the transmission system of FIG. 13 or may be performed in the transmitter 200 . In an embodiment of the present invention, the service multiplexer 100 executes the service.

For example, the PID value of the scalable video data of the lowest layer is assigned 0xF0, the PID value of the scalable video data of the first higher layer is assigned 0xF1, the PID value of the scalable video data of the second higher layer Can be assigned 0xF2. The PID values provided in the present invention are only an embodiment, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the values assigned to the PID value.

When scalable video data of each layer is allocated to A, B, C, and D regions of a data group in the transmitter formatter 303 of the present invention, scalable video data of each layer is allotted to the same area , And can be assigned to different areas.

In the present invention, the lowest layer scalable video data is allocated to the A / B area in the data group, and the scalable video data of the upper layer is allocated to the C / D area in the data group for transmission As an embodiment. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the data group is divided into A, B, C, and D regions according to the degree of interference of the main service data. The interference of main service data is small in the order of A> B> C> D, and the less the interference of main service data, the lower the probability of error occurrence and the better the reception performance.

FIG. 75 shows an embodiment of receiving and processing scalable video data in which different PIDs are allocated to each layer in a receiving system and transmitted.

The demodulation unit of the receiving system receives and demodulates the scalable video data to which different PIDs are allocated for each layer, and outputs the scalable video data to the demultiplexer 8001 in the form of a video stream packet. The header in the video stream packet includes a PID capable of identifying payload data, and the payload in the video stream packet includes an element stream of scalable video data of a layer indicated by the PID. The demultiplexer 8001 may be applied to the demultiplexers 6003 and 7003 of FIG. 66 and FIG. 72. The demodulation unit for receiving and demodulating the scalable video data to which different PIDs are assigned for each layer and transmitted will be an example of the above-described FIG. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The demultiplexer 8001 in the receiving system can receive a video stream packet, an audio stream packet, and a data stream packet. In the present invention, a video stream packet is received and processed. Since the audio stream packet and the data stream packet refer to the processing of the video stream packet, detailed description will be omitted.

That is, the demultiplexer 8001 refers to program table information such as a PID and an PSI / PSIP of an input video stream packet to determine which layer of a video stream packet is input.

The demultiplexer 8001 outputs the video stream packet of the lowest layer to the video decoder 8002. However, the video stream packet of the upper layer is discarded without outputting to the video decoder 8002, or output to the video decoder 8002.

There are various criteria for discarding the video stream packet of the upper layer to the video decoder 8002 without outputting it to the video decoder 8002. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination is made according to the decoding capability of the video decoder 8002.

That is, if the video decoder 8002 can process the video stream packet of the upper layer, the video stream packet of the upper layer separated by the demultiplexer 8001 is output to the video decoder 8002. For example, if the video decoder 8002 can process a video stream packet of the first higher layer, the lowest layer and the first higher layer video stream packet classified by the demultiplexer 8001 are transmitted to the video decoder 8002, but the video stream packet of the second upper layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002.

The video decoder 8002 decodes a video stream packet input from the demultiplexer 8001 according to a corresponding video decoding algorithm and outputs the decoded video stream packet. For example, at least one of the MPEG 2 video decoding algorithm, the MPEG 4 video decoding algorithm, the H.264 decoding algorithm, the SVC decoding algorithm, and the VC-1 decoding algorithm can be applied to the video decoding algorithm.

For example, if the video decoder 8002 is capable of processing only the video stream packets of the lowest layer, the demultiplexer 8001 outputs only the video stream packets of the lowest layer to the video decoder 8002, The video decoder 8002 performs decoding on the video stream packet of the lowest layer.

As another example, if the video decoder 8002 has an ability to process only the video stream packets up to the first higher layer, the demultiplexer 8001 extracts only the video stream packets of the lowest layer and the first higher layer Decoder 8002, and the video decoder 8002 decodes the video stream packets of the lowest hierarchical layer and the first higher hierarchical layer.

76 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using the VCT among the PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG.

That is, the receiving system receives the VCT and parses the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the received VCT to confirm that the corresponding video stream packet is a scalable video for mobile service (MPH Scalable Video). If it is confirmed as scalable video for the mobile service, it is confirmed that the video stream packet is the scalable video data of the lowest layer, and if it is, the video stream packet is transmitted to the video decoder 8002.

However, if the video stream packet is the scalable video data of the upper layer, the video stream packet is output to the video decoder 8002 according to whether the video decoder 8002 can decode it, I do not.

For example, if the value of the stream_type field of the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the received VCT indicates scalable video for mobile services and the layer_id field value indicates the lowest layer, the video stream packet is unconditionally output to the video decoder 8002. As another example, if the value of the stream_type field of the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the received VCT indicates the scalable video for the mobile service and the value of the layer_id field indicates the first higher layer, the corresponding video stream packet is output to the video decoder 8002 And discard it.

That is, the VCT of the present invention may include a first loop (channel_loop) of a 'for' loop that is repeated by a num_channels_in_section field value as shown in FIG.

A first field, a major_channel_number field, a minor_channel_number field, a modulation_mode field, a carrier_frequency field, a channel_TSID field, a program_number field, an ETM_location field, an access_controlled field, a hidden field, a service_type field, a source_id field, a descriptor_length field, And a second loop in a 'for' loop that is repeated as many times as the number of descriptors. The description of each field in the first iteration will be described with reference to FIG. 67, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the present invention, for convenience of explanation, the second loop is referred to as a descriptor loop. The descriptors () included in the descriptor loop are descriptors individually applied to each of the virtual channels.

One embodiment of the present invention includes an MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor for transmitting information capable of distinguishing scalable video data of each layer to the descriptor loop.

FIG. 77 shows an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor according to the present invention.

The MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () in FIG. 77 may include at least one of a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_length field, a PCR_PID field, a number_elements field, and a loop for a 'for' loop repeated by the number_elements field value. In the present invention, an iteration loop repeated by the number_elements field value will be referred to as an ES loop (ES_loop) for convenience of explanation.

Each of the ES loops may include at least one of a stream_type field and an elementary_PID field.

Each of the ES loops may include at least one of a scalability_type field, a layer_id field, and a base_layer_id field when the stream_type field value indicates a scalable video (MPH scalable video) for a mobile service.

Each ES loop may further include at least one of a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field, if the scalability_type field value indicates a time scalability bit or indicates a lowest layer.

Each ES loop may further include at least one of a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to a constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field if the scalability_type field value indicates a spatial scalability bit or indicates a lowest layer.

Each ES loop may further include an additional_info_byte field if the stream_type field value indicates the mobile service audio (MPH Audio).

In the FIG. 77 configured as described above, the descriptor_tag field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and indicate a value that can uniquely identify the descriptor.

The descriptor_length field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and indicate the length of the descriptor.

The PCR_PID field may allocate 13 bits in one embodiment and indicate the PID of the Program Clock Reference elementary stream. That is, the PCR_PID field indicates the PID of the transport stream packet including the PCR field valid in the program specified by the program_number field.

The number_elements field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates the number of ESs existing in the descriptor.

The number of repetitions of the ES loop described below is determined according to the value of the number_elements field.

The stream_type field can allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates the type of the corresponding ES. 78 shows an embodiment of the values and their definitions that may be assigned to the stream_type field according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 78, the stream type includes ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO / IEC 13818-2 Video or ISO / IEC 11172-2 constrained parameter video stream, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, synchronized data, DSM-CC sections containing A / 90 asynchronous data, DSM- , DSM-CC sections containing non-streaming, synchronized data, Audio per ATSC A / 53E Annex B, Sections conveying A / 90 Data Service Table, Network Resource Table, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, . In addition, according to the present invention, non-scalable video data for MPH, audio data for MPH, and scalable video data for MPH can be further applied as a stream type.

The elementary_PID field may allocate 13 bits in one embodiment and indicate the PID of the corresponding ES.

If the stream type field value indicates scalable video for a mobile service, it may include at least one of a scalability_type field, a layer_id field, and a base_layer_id field.

The scalability_type field may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment and indicates a scalability type of the scalable video stream. 79 shows an embodiment of values and their definitions that may be assigned to the scalability_type field according to the present invention. 79 illustrates that the scalability_type field value is 0x1, the spatial scaler bitty is 0x2, the SNR scalability bit is 0x03, the time scaler bitty is 0xF, and the lowest layer is 0xF.

The layer_id field may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment, and may indicate layer information of the scalable video stream, and may be interpreted in parallel with a scalablity_type field. If the video stream is the lowest layer, this value is assigned as 0x0, and the higher the layer is, the higher the value is. For example, the layer_id field value of the first higher layer may be assigned 0x01 and the layer_id field value of the second higher layer may be assigned 0x02. Here, the values assigned to the layer_id field are preferred embodiments or merely examples, and the numerical values are not limited to the scope of the present invention.

The base_layer_id field may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment. When the scalable video stream is an enhancement layer stream, the base_layer_id field indicates a layer_id value of a lower layer referred to by the corresponding stream. If the stream is the lowest layer, this base_layer_id field is deprecated. For example, when the scalable video stream is the first enhancement layer-1 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the scalable video stream of the first upper layer is the layer_id value of the lowest layer That is, base_layer_id = 0x00). In another example, if the scalable video stream is a second enhancement layer-2 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the stream is the layer_id value of the first higher layer (i.e., base_layer_id = 0x01) .

If the scalability_type field value indicates Temporal (e.g., 0x3) or indicates the lowest hierarchical layer (e.g., 0xF), a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field may be further included.

The frame_rate_code can allocate 4 bits in one embodiment and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video stream. For example, the frame_rate_code field may indicate a frame_rate_code field value defined in ISO / IEC 13818-2.

The frame rate of the scalable video stream can be calculated as follows. That is, frame_rate = frame_rate_value x (frame_rate_num + 1) / (frame_rate_denom + 1). Where frame_rate_value is the actual frame_rate value extracted from frame_rate_code. Figure 80 shows an embodiment of the values and definitions that may be assigned to the frame_rate_code field according to the present invention. For example, if the frame_rate_code field value is 1000 in FIG. 80, it means that the frame rate is 60 Hz.

The frame_rate_num field may allocate 2 bits in one embodiment and is used to calculate the frame rate of the scalable video stream. However, if the frame rate is directly extracted from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_num field is set to '0'.

The frame_rate_denom field may allocate 5 bits in one embodiment and is used to calculate the frame rate of the scalable video. However, if the frame rate is directly extracted from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_denom field is set to '0'.

If the scalability_type field value indicates Spatial (e.g., 0x1) or indicates the lowest hierarchical layer (e.g., 0xF), it may further include at least one of a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to a constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field.

The profile_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and represents a profile of the scalable video stream to be transmitted. For example, the profile_idc field may have a profile_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10 as it is. 81 shows an embodiment of the values and their definitions that may be assigned to the profile_idc field according to the present invention. For example, if the value of the profile_idc field is 66, it means a baseline profile.

The constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag fields may be assigned 1 bit in each embodiment and indicate whether the corresponding constraint condition of the corresponding profile is satisfied.

The level_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and represents the level of the scalable video stream to be transmitted. For example, the level_idc field may directly apply the level_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10. 82 shows an embodiment of the values and definitions that may be assigned to the level_idc field according to the present invention. For example, if the level_idc field value is 11, it means 1.1 level.

Each ES loop may further include an additional_info_byte field if the stream_type field value indicates the mobile service audio (MPH Audio). The additional_info_byte field may include an ISO_639_language_code field indicating the language code of the corresponding elementary stream.

The order, location, and meaning of the fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () shown in FIG. 77 are merely examples for helping understanding of the present invention, and the order, position, meaning of the fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor The number of fields can be easily changed by a person skilled in the art, so the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

FIG. 83 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using the VCT among PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG.

That is, when a virtual channel is selected (S8101), a VCT including information of the selected virtual channel is received (S8102). The received VCT is parsed to extract Major / Minor Channel Number, channel_TSID, source_id, hidden, hide_guide, service_type information and the like (S8103). The MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () in the VCT is parsed (S8104), and stream_type, elementary_PID information and the like are extracted from the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor (S8105).

It is checked whether the stream_type field value is 0xD2 (S8106). For example, if the stream_type field value is 0xD2, the stream indicates scalable video data for mobile services.

If it is determined in step S8106 that the stream_type field value is 0xD2, scalability_type, layer_id, base_layer_id field, frame rate information (e.g., frame_rate_code, frame_rate_num, frame_rate_denom), profile information (e.g., profile_idc, constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set_flag, level_idc And the like are extracted (S8107).

It is checked whether the value of the layer_id field is 0x0 (S8108). For example, if the layer_id field value is 0x0, the corresponding video stream means the video stream of the lowest layer.

If it is determined in step S8108 that the layer_id field value is 0x0, the scalable video data of the lowest layer is output to the video decoder 8002 (S8109). It is confirmed whether the video decoder 8002 supports an upper layer (S8110). If it is determined in step S8110 that the upper layer is supported, the process returns to step S8105. If it is determined that the upper layer is not supported, the process proceeds to step S8115. In step S8115, video decoding is performed only on the video stream of the lowest layer through the video decoder 8002 to provide a mobile service (MPH service) to the user.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S8108 that the layer_id field value is not 0x0, the corresponding video stream indicates a video stream of an upper layer, and proceeds to step S8111. In step S8111, the video decoder 8002 confirms whether the scalable video data of the upper layer is supported. If it is determined that the upper layer is supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is output to the video decoder 8002, and the process returns to S8105 (S8112). For example, if it is determined in step S8111 that the receiving system supports the first higher layer, the scalable video data of the first higher layer is output to the video decoder 8002 in step S8112.

If it is determined in step S8111 that the upper layer is not supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard packets with this PID). At this time, scalable video data of an upper layer higher than the upper layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard upper layer packets). For example, if it is determined in step S8111 that the receiving system does not support the first higher layer, then in step S8113, the scalable video data of the first and second higher layers are discarded without outputting to the video decoder 8002. [

On the other hand, if the stream_type field value is not 0xD2 in step S8106, that is, if the stream is not scalable video data for mobile service, the process proceeds to step S8114. In step S8114, the input stream is output to the corresponding decoder. At this time, if another stream remains, the process returns to S8105, and if not, the process proceeds to S8115.

For example, if the video decoder 8002 can support up to the first higher layer, the step S8115 performs video decoding on the scalable video data of the lowest layer and the first higher layer to provide a mobile service to the user.

84 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using the PMT among the PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG.

That is, the receiving system receives the PMT and parses the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the received PMT to confirm that the corresponding video stream packet is a scalable video for mobile service (MPH Scalable Video). If it is confirmed as scalable video for the mobile service, it is confirmed that the video stream packet is the scalable video data of the lowest layer, and if it is, the video stream packet is transmitted to the video decoder 8002.

However, if the video stream packet is scalable video data of an upper layer (Enhanced Layer), the video decoder 8002 determines whether the video stream packet is scalable video data Output or output without outputting.

For example, if the stream_type field value of the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the received PMT indicates scalable video for mobile services and the layer_id field value indicates the lowest layer, the video stream packet is unconditionally output to the video decoder 8002. As another example, if the value of the stream_type field of the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the received PMT indicates the scalable video for the mobile service and the value of the layer_id field indicates the first higher layer, the corresponding video stream packet is output to the video decoder 8002 And discard it.

That is, the PID of the PMT of the present invention can be obtained from the PAT. The PAT is special information transmitted by a packet having PID = 0, and describes a component of the program for each program number, and indicates a PID of a transport packet for transmitting the program map table (PMT). That is, the program number and the PID of the PMT are obtained by parsing the PAT table having the PID of 0.

The PMT obtained from the PAT provides a correlation between the components constituting the program. The PMT describes a program identification number and a PID list and associated information of a transport packet in which individual bit streams such as video and audio constituting a program are transmitted. That is, the role of the PMT is to transmit information on which PIDs the elementary streams (ES) necessary for constructing one program are transmitted.

The PMT includes an iteration loop of a 'for' loop that is repeated by the number of ESs contained in one program number (program_number), and the loop is also referred to as an ES loop (ES_loop) for convenience of explanation.

Each of the ES loops may include at least one of a stream_type field, an elementary_PID field, an ES_info_length field, and a descriptor loop in a 'for' loop repeated by the number of descriptors included in the corresponding ES. The descriptor () included in the descriptor loop is a descriptor applied to each ES individually.

The stream_type field indicates the type of the corresponding ES. 78 shows an embodiment of the values and their definitions that may be assigned to the stream_type field according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 78, the stream type includes ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO / IEC 13818-2 Video or ISO / IEC 11172-2 constrained parameter video stream, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, synchronized data, DSM-CC sections containing A / 90 asynchronous data, DSM- , DSM-CC sections containing non-streaming, synchronized data, Audio per ATSC A / 53E Annex B, Sections conveying A / 90 Data Service Table, Network Resource Table, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, . In addition, according to the present invention, non-scalable video data for MPH, audio data for MPH, and scalable video data for MPH can be further applied as a stream type.

The elementary_PID field indicates the PID of the corresponding ES.

If the stream type field value indicates Scalable Video Data for MPH (i.e., 0xD2), the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor for transmitting information capable of distinguishing scalable video data of each layer to the descriptor loop As an embodiment. That is, MPH_scalable_video_descriptor is included in the descriptor () area of the second loop of the PMT.

FIG. 85 shows an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor according to the present invention.

The MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () in FIG. 85 may include at least one of a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_length field, a scalability_type field, a layer_id field, and a base_layer_id field.

 The MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () may further include at least one of frame rate information, for example, a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field, if the scalability_type field value indicates a time scaler bitty or indicates a lowest layer.

The MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () may further include at least one of profile information, for example, a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to a constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field, if the scalability_type field value indicates spatial scalability or indicates the lowest layer.

In FIG. 85 configured as described above, the descriptor_tag field can allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and indicate a value that can uniquely identify the descriptor.

The descriptor_length field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and indicate the length of the descriptor.

The scalability_type field may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment and indicates a scalability type of the scalable video stream. 79 shows an embodiment of values and their definitions that may be assigned to the scalability_type field according to the present invention. 79 illustrates that the scalability_type field value is 0x1, the spatial scaler bitty is 0x2, the SNR scalability bit is 0x03, the time scaler bitty is 0xF, and the lowest layer is 0xF.

The layer_id field may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment, and may indicate layer information of the scalable video stream, and may be interpreted in parallel with a scalablity_type field. If the video stream is the lowest layer, this value is assigned as 0x0, and the higher the layer is, the higher the value is.

The base_layer_id field may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment. When the scalable video stream is an enhancement layer stream, the base_layer_id field indicates a layer_id value of a lower layer referred to by the corresponding stream. If the stream is the lowest layer, this base_layer_id field is deprecated. For example, when the scalable video stream is the first enhancement layer-1 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the scalable video stream of the first upper layer is the layer_id value of the lowest layer That is, base_layer_id = 0x00). In another example, if the scalable video stream is a second enhancement layer-2 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the stream is the layer_id value of the first higher layer (i.e., base_layer_id = 0x01) .

If the scalability_type field value indicates Temporal (e.g., 0x3) or indicates the lowest hierarchical layer (e.g., 0xF), a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field may be further included.

The frame_rate_code can allocate 4 bits in one embodiment and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video stream. For example, the frame_rate_code field may indicate a frame_rate_code field value defined in ISO / IEC 13818-2.

The frame rate of the scalable video stream can be calculated as follows. That is, frame_rate = frame_rate_value x (frame_rate_num + 1) / (frame_rate_denom + 1). Where frame_rate_value is the actual frame_rate value extracted from frame_rate_code. Figure 80 shows an embodiment of the values and definitions that may be assigned to the frame_rate_code field according to the present invention. For example, if the frame_rate_code field value is 1000 in FIG. 80, it means that the frame rate is 60 Hz.

The frame_rate_num field may allocate 2 bits in one embodiment and is used to calculate the frame rate of the scalable video stream. However, if the frame rate is directly extracted from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_num field is set to '0'.

The frame_rate_denom field may allocate 5 bits in one embodiment and is used to calculate the frame rate of the scalable video. However, if the frame rate is directly extracted from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_denom field is set to '0'.

If the scalability_type field value indicates Spatial (e.g., 0x1) or indicates the lowest hierarchical layer (e.g., 0xF), it may further include at least one of a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to a constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field.

The profile_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and represents a profile of the scalable video stream to be transmitted. For example, the profile_idc field may have a profile_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10 as it is. 81 shows an embodiment of the values and their definitions that may be assigned to the profile_idc field according to the present invention. For example, if the value of the profile_idc field is 66, it means a baseline profile.

The constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag fields may be assigned 1 bit in each embodiment and indicate whether the corresponding constraint condition of the corresponding profile is satisfied.

The level_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment and represents the level of the scalable video stream to be transmitted. For example, the level_idc field may directly apply the level_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10. 82 shows an embodiment of the values and definitions that may be assigned to the level_idc field according to the present invention. For example, if the level_idc field value is 11, it means 1.1 level.

The order, position, and meaning of the fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () shown in FIG. 85 are only one embodiment for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and the order, position and meaning of fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor The number of fields can be easily changed by a person skilled in the art, so the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

86 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using the PMT among the PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG.

That is, when a virtual channel is selected (S8301), a PMT including information of the selected virtual channel is received (S8302). The received PMT is parsed to extract a program number or the like (S8303). Then, stream_type, elementary_PID information and the like are extracted from the PMT (S8304).

It is checked whether the stream_type field value is 0xD2 (S8305). For example, if the stream_type field value is 0xD2, the stream indicates scalable video data for mobile services. In this case, MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () is included in the second loop of the PMT and is transmitted.

If it is determined in step S8305 that the stream_type field value is 0xD2, the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () is parsed (S8306), and scalability_type, layer_id, base_layer_id field, frame rate information (e.g., frame_rate_code, frame_rate_num, frame_rate_denom), profile Information (e.g., profile_idc, constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag, level_idc), and the like (S8307).

It is checked whether the layer_id field value is 0x0 (S8308). For example, if the layer_id field value is 0x0, the corresponding video stream means the video stream of the lowest layer.

If it is determined in step S8308 that the layer_id field value is 0x0, the scalable video data of the lowest layer is output to the video decoder 8002 (S8309). Then, it is confirmed whether the video decoder 8002 supports an upper layer (S8310). If it is determined in step S8310 that the upper layer is supported, the process returns to step S8305. If it is determined that the upper layer is not supported, the process proceeds to step S8315. In step S8315, video decoding is performed only on the video stream of the lowest layer through the video decoder 8002 to provide a mobile service (MPH service) to the user.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S8308 that the layer_id field value is not 0x0, the corresponding video stream indicates a video stream of an upper layer. In this case, the process proceeds to step S8311. In step S8311, the video decoder 8002 confirms whether the scalable video data of the upper layer is supported. If it is determined that the upper layer is supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is output to the video decoder 8002, and the process returns to S8304 (S8312). For example, if it is determined in step S8311 that the receiving system supports the first higher layer, the scalable video data of the first higher layer is output to the video decoder 8002 in step S8312.

If it is determined that the upper layer is not supported in S8311, the scalable video data of the upper layer is discarded without outputting to the video decoder 8002 (Discard packets with this PID). At this time, scalable video data of an upper layer higher than the upper layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard upper layer packets). For example, if it is determined in step S8311 that the receiving system does not support the first higher layer, the first and second upper layer scalable video data are discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 in step S8313.

On the other hand, if the stream_type field value is not 0xD2 in step S8305, that is, if the stream is not scalable video data for mobile service, the process proceeds to step S8314. In step S8314, the input stream is output to the corresponding decoder. At this time, if another stream remains, the process returns to S8304, and if not, the process proceeds to S8315.

For example, if the video decoder 8002 can support up to the first higher layer, the step S8315 performs video decoding on the scalable video data of the lowest layer and the first higher layer to provide a mobile service to the user.

FIG. 87 shows a block diagram of a configuration of a receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

87 includes an application manager 8500, a tuner 8501, a demodulator 8502, a demultiplexer 8503, a program table buffer 8504, a program table decoder 8505, a program table storage 8506, An A / V decoder 8507, a data handler 8508, a middleware engine 8509, an A / V post processor 8510, and a user interface 8511. The application manager 8500 may include a channel manager and a service manager.

In Fig. 87, the flow of data is indicated by a solid line, and the flow of control is indicated by a dotted line. In addition, the demultiplexer 8503 in FIG. 87 performs the same structure and the same operation as the demultiplexer 8001 mentioned in FIGS. 73 to 86 as an embodiment. Also, the video decoder 8002 is included in the A / V decoder 8507.

The tuner 8501 tunes the frequency of a specific channel through an antenna, a cable, or a satellite, downconverts the signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, and outputs the IF signal to a demodulation unit 8502. At this time, the tuner 8501 is under the control of the channel manager in the application manager 8500, and reports the result and strength of the broadcast signal of the tuned channel to the channel manager. Data received at the frequency of the specific channel includes main service data, mobile service data, table data for decoding the main service data and mobile service data, and the like.

The demodulator 8502 performs VSB demodulation and channel equalization on the signal output from the tuner 8501, and outputs the main service data and the mobile service data. The demodulation unit 8502 will be an example of the above-described FIG. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, only the mobile service data output from the demodulation unit 8502 is input to the demultiplexer 8503.

The demultiplexer 8503 demultiplexes section type program table information, for example, PSI / PSIP information, from the mobile service data input by the control of the application manager 8500, and outputs it to the program table buffer 8504, Separates the packet-type A / V / D streams and outputs them to the A / V decoder 8507 and / or the data handler 8508, respectively. The program table buffer 8504 temporarily stores program table information in the form of a section and outputs the program table information to the program table decoder 8505.

At this time, the mobile service data input to the demultiplexer 8503 is in the form of RS frame data. That is, when the demodulation unit 8502 performs block decoding, RS frame decoding, and data derandomization, the RS frame data has a size of N (row) * 187 (column) bytes.

The RS frame may include scalable video data having different PIDs allocated to each layer.

The demultiplexer 8503 can receive a video stream packet, an audio stream packet, and a data stream packet. In the present invention, a video stream packet is received and processed. Since the audio stream packet and the data stream packet refer to the processing of the video stream packet, detailed description will be omitted.

That is, the demultiplexer 8503 receives the PID of the input video stream packet in the RS frame and the program table information provided by the application manager 8500, for example, PSI / PSIP information, Lt; / RTI &gt; The demultiplexer 8503 outputs the separated lowest layer video stream packet to the A / V decoder 8507. However, the video stream packet of the upper layer is discarded without being output to the A / V decoder 8507, or output to the A / V decoder 8507.

There are various criteria for discarding the video stream packet of the upper layer without outputting to the A / V decoder 8507 or outputting it to the A / V decoder 8507. According to the present invention, the determination is made according to the video decoding capability of the A / V decoder 8507 as an embodiment.

That is, if the A / V decoder 8507 can process the video stream packet of the upper layer, the video stream packet of the upper layer classified by the demultiplexer 8503 is output to the A / V decoder 8507. For example, if the A / V decoder 8507 can process the video stream packet of the first higher layer, the lowest layer and the first higher layer video stream packet classified by the demultiplexer 8503 are A / V decoder 8507, but the video stream packet of the second upper layer is discarded without being output to the A / V decoder 8507. [

The A / V decoder 8507 decodes the video stream packet input from the demultiplexer 8503 according to a corresponding video decoding algorithm and outputs the decoded result to the A / V post-processor 8510. For example, at least one of the MPEG 2 video decoding algorithm, the MPEG 4 video decoding algorithm, the H.264 decoding algorithm, the SVC decoding algorithm, and the VC-1 decoding algorithm can be applied to the video decoding algorithm.

In order to distinguish between the scalable video data and the scalable video data of the stream input from the demultiplexer 8503, the transmission system includes MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the VCT of the PSI / PSIP information, MPH_scalable_video_descriptor.

The PSI / PSIP information is decoded by the program table decoder 8505 and stored in the program table storage unit 8506 or output to the application manager 8500. That is, the program table decoder 8505 separates the tables using the table id and the section length in the PSI / PSIP data, parses the sections of the divided tables, and stores the parsing results in the program table storage unit 8506 do. For example, the program table decoder 8505 constructs a table by collecting sections having the same table identifier (table_id), parses the table, and stores the parsing result in the program table storage unit 8506.

At this time, the information obtained by parsing the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the VCT and / or parsing the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the PMT is output to the application manager 8500. The application manager 8500 controls the demultiplexer 8503 according to the information do.

For example, it parses the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the VCT to confirm that the corresponding video stream packet input to the demultiplexer 8503 is a scalable video for mobile service (MPH Scalable Video). If it is confirmed as scalable video for mobile service, it is confirmed that the video stream packet is the scalable video data of the lowest layer, and if it is, the video stream packet is delivered to the A / V decoder 8507. However, if the video stream packet is the scalable video data of the upper layer, the A / V decoder 8507 determines whether the video stream packet is a mobile service scalable video (MPH Scalable Video) according to whether video decoding by the A / V decoder 8507 is possible. And outputs it without outputting it.

The process of processing the information included in the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () in the VCT, the information included in the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () in the PMT, and the scalable video data of each layer using these information will be described with reference to FIGS. Description thereof will be omitted.

Meanwhile, the data handler 8508 processes the data stream packets required for data broadcasting from among the data stream packets classified by the demultiplexer 8503, and mixes the data stream packets with the A / V data through the middleware engine 8509. The middleware engine 8509 is a JAVA middleware engine.

The application manager 8500 receives a key input of a TV viewer and responds to a viewer request through a graphic user interface (GUI) on a TV screen. In addition, GUI control of the entire TV, user request, and TV system status are stored and restored in a memory (eg, NVRAM or Flash). And controls the channel manager to perform channel related operations (channel map management and program table decoder operation).

The channel manager manages a physical channel and a logical channel map, and controls a tuner 8501, a demodulator 8502, a demultiplexer 8503, and a program table decoder 8505 to meet a channel requirement of a viewer. Also, the program table decoder 8505 receives a request for parsing a channel-related table of a channel to be tuned and a result thereof.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, .

8501: Tuner 8502: Demodulator
8503: Demultiplexer 8504: Program table buffer
8505: Program table decoder 8506: Program table storage unit
8507: A / V decoder 8508: Data handler
8509: Middleware Engine 8510: A / V Post-Processor
8511: User Interface 8500: Application Manager

Claims (8)

Comprising the steps of: performing FEC (Forward Error Correction) coding on broadcast data for a broadcast service at a first coding rate;
Encoding the FEC coded broadcast data at a second coding rate;
Encoding first signaling data including parameters for transmission of the broadcast service; And
Generating one or more broadcast signal frames including the encoded broadcast data and first signaling data;
/ RTI &gt;
Wherein the at least one broadcast signal frame includes second signaling data including information for quick acquisition of the broadcast service,
Here, the at least one broadcast signal frame further includes version information of the second signaling data,
Wherein the first signaling data includes information identifying the first coding rate or the second coding rate. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the broadcast service comprises a plurality of components,
Wherein the plurality of components correspond to components coded in different versions with respect to media components having the same content,
The at least one broadcast signal frame may further include third signaling data including information indicating a name of the broadcast service,
Wherein the third signaling data comprises elements describing the components coded in the different versions. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first signaling data comprises:
And a second code rate information for identifying the second coding rate. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the third signaling data comprises:
And service state information indicating a service state of the broadcast service. A first encoder for performing FEC (Forward Error Correction) coding on broadcast data for a broadcast service at a first coding rate;
A second encoder for encoding the FEC coded broadcast data at a second coding rate;
A signaling encoder for encoding first signaling data including a parameter for transmission of the broadcast service; And
A broadcast signal generator for generating at least one broadcast signal frame including the encoded broadcast data and the first signaling data;
/ RTI &gt;
Wherein the at least one broadcast signal frame includes second signaling data including information for quick acquisition of the broadcast service,
Here, the at least one broadcast signal frame further includes version information of the second signaling data,
Wherein the first signaling data includes information identifying the first coding rate or the second coding rate. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the broadcast service comprises a plurality of components,
Wherein the plurality of components correspond to components coded in different versions with respect to media components having the same content,
The at least one broadcast signal frame may further include third signaling data including information indicating a name of the broadcast service,
Wherein the third signaling data includes an element for describing components coded in different versions. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first signaling data comprises:
And a second code rate information for identifying the second coding rate. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the third signaling data comprises:
And service status information indicating a service status of the broadcast service.

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