KR101651532B1 - Apparatus to Measure Lateral Pressure of Concrete and Evaluation Method of Formwork Pressure Using the Same - Google Patents

Apparatus to Measure Lateral Pressure of Concrete and Evaluation Method of Formwork Pressure Using the Same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101651532B1
KR101651532B1 KR1020150085086A KR20150085086A KR101651532B1 KR 101651532 B1 KR101651532 B1 KR 101651532B1 KR 1020150085086 A KR1020150085086 A KR 1020150085086A KR 20150085086 A KR20150085086 A KR 20150085086A KR 101651532 B1 KR101651532 B1 KR 101651532B1
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South Korea
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pressure
concrete
pressure vessel
vessel
measuring
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KR1020150085086A
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Korean (ko)
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김창수
박찬규
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삼성물산(주)
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
    • G01L5/0038—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pushing force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test apparatus which incorporates a real deposit condition such as floor drainage and divided deposit to measure a lateral pressure of uncured concrete in a small scale in advance, and a method for evaluating a lateral pressure of concrete properly using the same which can realize a safe and economical form design for a real concrete member. According to the present invention, the apparatus for testing a lateral pressure of concrete comprises: a pressure vessel in which concrete is filled; a pressurizer to apply an external pressure to the concrete filled in the pressure vessel; a load cell to measure the external pressure applied by the pressurizer; a measuring instrument mounted on the pressure vessel; and a floor drain formed on a floor of the pressure vessel to discharge water of the concrete. The measuring instrument is a pressure gage mounted on the inside of the pressure vessel to measure a lateral pressure of the concrete in the pressure vessel according to pressurization of the pressurizer or a strain gage mounted on the outside of the pressure vessel to measure strain of the pressure vessel by the pressurizer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a concrete side pressure test apparatus and a method of evaluating a side pressure of a concrete using the same.

The present invention relates to a test apparatus for measuring the lateral pressure of concrete and a method of evaluating the lateral pressure of concrete using the test apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a test apparatus for measuring lateral pressure of concrete, The present invention relates to a method of evaluating a lateral pressure of a concrete, which is capable of realizing a safe and economical formwork design for an actual concrete member.

In concrete construction, a hypothetical member is required to support unhardened concrete. This role plays a role. In order to design a safe and economical formwork, it is necessary to anticipate the side pressure of the unhardened concrete in advance.

Indirect measurement (hereinafter referred to as 'indirect measurement') and direct measurement using a pressure gauge (hereinafter referred to as 'direct measurement') are typical methods for measuring the lateral pressure of concrete. The indirect measurement method is a simple method to measure the pressure acting on the foam tie with the deformation amount of the foam tie so as to provide a strain gauge on the part acting as an element to resist the side pressure of the concrete acting on the form, It is a method to estimate by structural pressure and concrete side pressure. The direct measurement method is the easiest measurement method by performing the accurate measurement when concrete is installed by installing a pressure gauge on the form surface,

On the other hand, due to uncertainties of concrete mix and casting conditions, mold design tends to be conservative. For concrete with a slump of 175 mm or more, for example, it was assumed that the hydrostatic pressure was equivalent to that of the concrete. However, at the bottom of the formwork, there is usually a gap between the formwork and the water in the concrete is drained through this gap. Therefore, the actual side pressure of the concrete tends to decrease at the bottom of the formwork. . Especially, in the case of large vertical members, there are many cases where the members are laid out in the height direction at a certain time interval without securing the quality of the concrete, securing the safety of the formwork, and restricting the supply of concrete water. The maximum lateral pressure that is generated varies greatly depending on the height of the pouring once, the settling time (time interval between pouring), etc. However, it is not easy to predict in advance, and the form tends to be designed to be safe. In the case of vertical members such as pillars and walls, the cost of the formwork accounts for 40 ~ 60% of the total construction cost, so excessive design of the formwork is a factor for the increase of the construction cost.

The present invention has been developed to improve the disadvantages of the conventional concrete side pressure measurement method. It is a test device that can measure the side pressure of unreinforced concrete in a small scale in advance by reflecting actual installation conditions such as floor drainage and divided installation of a concrete side pressure testing apparatus And a method of evaluating a lateral pressure of a concrete, which is capable of realizing a safe and economical formwork design for an actual concrete member by suitably using such a test apparatus.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a test apparatus for measuring a side pressure of concrete, comprising: a pressure vessel filled with concrete; A pressurizer for applying external pressure to the concrete filled in the pressure vessel; A load meter for measuring the external pressure applied by the pressurizer; A meter installed in the pressure vessel; And a bottom drain formed on the bottom of the pressure vessel for discharging moisture of the concrete, wherein the meter is a pressure gauge installed inside the pressure vessel and measuring pressure of the concrete inside the pressure vessel according to the pressure, And a strain gauge for measuring the deformation of the pressure vessel in response to the pressurization.

Further, the present invention is a method for evaluating a side pressure of concrete using the above-described concrete side pressure testing apparatus, comprising: a first step of filling concrete in a pressure vessel; A second step of applying external pressure to the pressurizer; And a third step of deriving the lateral pressure of the concrete by measuring with a meter, measuring the lateral pressure of the concrete using a pressure gauge, measuring the strain of the pressure vessel with the strain gauge, and converting the lateral pressure of the concrete from the measured strain, To thereby provide a concrete side pressure evaluation method.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be expected.

First, the lateral pressure characteristics of the concrete to be used can be measured in a small scale in a laboratory or a field, so that the lateral pressure of the concrete member can be precisely predicted according to the actual casting conditions. Thus, the concrete composition and the casting conditions It is possible to increase the economic efficiency by implementing the optimal design of the mold.

Second, since the safety of the formwork can be preliminarily reviewed according to the casting conditions, it is possible to perform the concrete construction safely while optimizing the casting conditions.

Third, since the concrete side pressure testing apparatus of the present invention is easy to disassemble and assemble and has mobility, it can be used not only in a laboratory but also in a field, and is easy to be disassembled and cleaned and consumables (strain meter, pressure vessel, Repeated reuse is possible by replacing and maintenance is easy.

1 is a perspective view of a concrete side pressure test apparatus according to the present invention.
2 is a sectional view of a concrete side pressure test apparatus according to the present invention.
3 shows the lower piston of the bottom of the pressure vessel in the concrete side pressure test apparatus according to the present invention.
4 is a graph showing experimental results for determining the mounting position of the measuring instrument in the concrete side pressure testing apparatus according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a concrete side pressure testing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a lower piston 114 at the bottom of the pressure vessel 110 in the concrete side pressure testing apparatus according to the present invention. The present invention relates to a test apparatus capable of precisely measuring a side pressure of unreinforced concrete in a small scale in consideration of an actual installation condition in which water is drained from a concrete at a lower end of a mold in a separation putting process, And a floor drain 110P for discharging the water in the concrete is provided on the floor.

Specifically, the concrete side pressure testing apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a pressure vessel 110 filled with concrete; A presser 120 for applying external pressure to the concrete filled in the pressure vessel 110; A load meter 130 for measuring an external pressure applied by the pressurizer 120; A meter 140 installed in the pressure vessel 110; And a floor drain 110P formed at the bottom of the pressure vessel 110 for discharging moisture of the concrete. The meter 140 may be a pressure gauge installed inside the pressure vessel 110 and measuring a pressure of the concrete inside the pressure vessel 110 according to the pressure or a pressure gauge installed outside the pressure vessel 110, ) Is measured by a strain gauge.

The pressure vessel 110 becomes a container for holding the concrete specimen. As a result of the analysis of the variables according to concrete mixing and drainage conditions, the pressure concentrated container 110 was found to have a height of 0.3 to 1.5 M, in particular 1 M height in the case of ordinary strength concrete, 0.5 M height (as in the experimental example below, the strain is stabilized at this height and has a constant value). The pressure vessel 110 may be formed of various materials, but it is preferable that the pressure vessel 110 is appropriately selected depending on the type of the measuring instrument 140. If the meter 140 is a pressure gauge, it is designed to be thick and very strong. When the meter 140 is a strain gage, the pressure vessel 110 is elastically deformed by the side pressure of the concrete. It is appropriate to design with PVC.

The pressurizer 120 is configured to supply an external pressure to realize the concrete insertion pressure, and any type of hydraulic or pneumatic type can be used. However, pneumatic type is preferable considering ease of use and structure. The presser 120 again includes a pressure device 121 for generating an external pressure; A cylinder 122 for transferring external pressure generated through the pressure device 121; A piston rod 123 connecting the cylinder 122 and the upper piston 124; And an upper piston which is installed on the upper part of the pressure vessel 110 to receive the external pressure transferred through the cylinder 122 to be in contact with the concrete filled in the pressure vessel 110, (124). The upper piston 124 is tightly installed in the pressure vessel 110 so that the external pressure can be uniformly transmitted to the front surface of the concrete specimen without leakage or friction. do. An upper pressure gauge may be mounted on the upper piston 124 to measure the upper vertical pressure of the concrete filled in the pressure vessel 110. The upper vertical pressure of the measured concrete can be used to calculate the lateral pressure of the concrete along with the strain measured from the strainmeter.

The load meter 130 measures the external pressure applied by the presser 120. The external pressure measured from the load meter 130 can be used to convert the pressure of the concrete. However, since the external pressure applied through the pressurizer 120 is lost due to friction during the application of the concrete, the concrete side pressure is converted using the vertical pressure of the concrete measured by the upper pressure gauge rather than the measurement value measured by the load gauge 130 The accuracy is high.

The meter 140 is provided with a pressure gauge or a strain gauge as described above. The pressure gauge is inserted through the side of the pressure vessel (110) and directly contacted with the concrete specimen to measure the side pressure. Since the pressure vessel 110 is in the form of a cylinder, a pressure gauge usually having a small diameter (usually Φ19 mm) is used in consideration of a curved surface. However, a small diameter pressure gauge can not be used because the coarse aggregate Care should be taken as there is a possibility of measurement error due to stress concentration. A plurality of strain gauges (considering eccentricity and height effect) are attached to the outer surface of the pressure vessel 110 to measure the strain of the pressure vessel 110 by the side pressure in a noncontact manner, and the measured strain is converted into pressure according to the elasticity theory Side pressure. The strain meter is cheaper than a pressure gauge and has an advantage of easy replacement. As shown in the following experimental example, the meter 140 is preferably installed at a position 0.25 m or more from the bottom of the pressure vessel.

The floor drain port 110P is formed at the bottom of the pressure vessel 110 to discharge water in the concrete. It is preferable that a filter for preventing discharge of concrete is mounted on the floor drain port 110P and an opening and closing control valve for controlling the opening and closing of the floor drain port 110P is mounted.

3, the bottom of the pressure vessel 110 is preferably provided as a lower piston 114. The lower piston 114 is installed to be openable and closable so that the pressure vessel 110 can be easily cleaned. A bottom drain 110P is provided in the lower bulk tank 114. A lower pressure gauge is mounted on the lower piston 114 to measure the lower vertical pressure of the concrete filled in the pressure vessel 110. The measured lower vertical pressure of the concrete can be used to calculate the lateral pressure of the concrete.

1 and 2, it can be seen that the pressurizer 120, the pressure vessel 110, and the like are fixed to the fixed frame. The fixed frame is configured to fix the respective element members without eccentricity and to easily disassemble them when cleaning. The fixed frame includes a lower support plate 151 to which a lower end of the pressure vessel 110 is fixedly installed; An intermediate support plate 153 to which the upper end of the pressure vessel 110 is fixedly installed; An upper support plate 153 to which the cylinder 122 is fixedly installed; And a vertical support rod 154 vertically connecting and supporting the intermediate support plate 153 and the upper support plate 153 between the lower support plate 151 and the intermediate support plate 153.

In the present invention, a test table 160 is further provided to secure a work space. The test table 160 has a discharge port 160P formed in the upper plate 161, and a discharge port 160P is formed in the discharge port 160P. The lower support plate 151 is raised and installed to correspond to the bottom. 1 and 2, the test table 160 including the upper plate 161, the intermediate shelf 162, the legs 163, and the moving wheels 164 can be identified.

A method of evaluating the lateral pressure of a concrete using the above-described concrete side pressure testing apparatus will be described. First, the interior of the pressure vessel 110 is filled with concrete (the first step). Then, external pressure is applied to the pressurizer 120 (second step). At this time, external pressure is applied with a time history at a time interval. Next, the meter 140 measures the concrete side pressure (step 3). If the meter 140 is a pressure gauge, it may be measured by measuring the side pressure of the concrete. If the meter 140 is a strain gauge, the strain of the pressure vessel 110 is measured, and the measured strain is compared with the pressure measured by the load meter 130 or the upper and lower pressure gauges Value of the concrete is calculated by converting the side pressure of concrete. When the external pressure is applied as the time history with time interval, it is necessary to derive the side pressure of concrete with time history according to time interval, so that it is possible to derive the side pressure of concrete due to the division installation.

Meanwhile, in the concrete side pressure testing apparatus according to the present invention, a floor drain 110P is provided at the bottom of the pressure vessel 110 as described above in order to reflect drainage conditions of water in general concrete. However, unsteady flow of the water discharged from the open bottom drain 110P to a certain height occurs and a critical height exists for distinguishing the unsteady flow. Therefore, in order to measure the lateral pressure of concrete under the condition of water drainage in general concrete, it is necessary to place the meter above this critical height, and of course, the size of the pressure vessel must be designed to be larger than this critical height. For the measurement of the critical height, the present invention has been carried out as follows.

[Experimental Example] Determination of instrument installation position

1. Experimental Method

For the two representative formulations, two formulations of [Table 1] below were prepared to determine the critical height. First, slump B is specimen B with a water cement ratio of 52.7%, and slump flow specimen C is a high strength concrete with a water cement ratio of 33.4%. The slump was 85 mm and the slump flow was 550 * 600 mm immediately after mixing for about 30 minutes, and the outside air temperature and humidity were 21 ° C. and 90%, respectively, in the formulation and the whole test.

Concrete formulations Sample Vol. W C S CS G HRWRA Workability B-General
w / cm = 52.7%
1 m 3 176 334 391 486 914 1.92 slump
85mm 20 L 3.52 6.68 7.82 9.72 18.28 0.0384 C-high strength
w / cm = 33.4% 1 m 3 165 494 343 424 902 5.65 slump
Flow
550 * 600mm 20 L 3.30 9.98 6.86 8.48 18.04 0.113 Test date and time: Sep. 29, Temperature: 21 ℃, Humidity: 90%

2. Experimental results

Figure 4 shows the circumferential strain along the height. Fig. 4 (a) shows the case of the slump blend specimen, which shows the lowest measured at the bottom as shown and tends to decrease with time at a relatively constant rate at all positions. Fig. 4 (b) shows the case of the slump flow combination. The measured strain is larger than that of the slump combination, and a constant value is measured irrespective of the height at a position of 250 mm or more and decreases relatively slowly with time. As a result, it is necessary to measure the strain at a height of about 250 mm or more beyond the local concentrated consolidation section in the direction of bleeding drainage for the lateral pressure test of the high strength concrete. As a result, for the lateral pressure test of all the concrete used in the field, it is desirable to perform the experiment by installing the instrument at 250 mm or more from the bottom of the sample.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, And the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

110: pressure vessel
110P: Floor drain
114: Lower piston
120: pressurizer (not shown)
121: Pressure gauge (not marked)
122: cylinder
123: Piston rod
124: upper piston
130: load scale
140: Meter (unmarked code)
151: Lower support plate
152: intermediate support plate
153: upper support plate
154: support column
160: Examination Table
160P:
161: Top plate
1612: Middle shelf
163: Bridge
164:

Claims (11)

delete delete delete As a test apparatus for measuring the side pressure of concrete,
1. A container for filling concrete, comprising: a pressure vessel (110) having a bottom provided with a lower piston (114) and capable of opening and closing tightly;
A presser 120 applying external pressure to the concrete filled in the pressure vessel 110;
A load meter 130 for measuring an external pressure applied by the pusher 120;
A meter 140 installed in the pressure vessel 110;
And a bottom drain 110P formed at the bottom of the pressure vessel 110 for discharging water in the concrete,
The pusher 120 includes a pressure device 121 generating an external pressure; A cylinder 122 for transmitting external pressure generated through the pressure device 121; A piston rod 123 connecting the cylinder 122 and the upper piston 124; And an external pressure applied to the inside of the pressure vessel 110 from the upper part of the pressure vessel 110 and communicated with the concrete filled in the pressure vessel 110 And an upper piston (124)
The meter 140 may be a pressure gauge installed inside the pressure vessel 110 to measure the pressure of the concrete inside the pressure vessel 110 according to the pressure or may be a pressure gauge installed outside the pressure vessel 110, ), Which is a strain meter measuring a strain of
Wherein an upper pressure gauge for measuring an upper vertical pressure of the concrete filled in the pressure vessel (110) is mounted on the upper piston (124) of the pressurizer. 5. The method of claim 4,
Further comprising a lower pressure gauge mounted on the lower piston (114) for measuring the lower vertical pressure of the concrete filled in the pressure vessel (110). 5. The method according to claim 4 or 5,
A lower support plate 151 to which the lower end of the pressure vessel 110 is fixedly installed;
An intermediate support plate 152 to which the upper end of the pressure vessel 110 is fixedly installed;
An upper support plate 153 to which the cylinder 122 is fixedly installed;
And a support column 154 vertically connecting and supporting the intermediate support plate 153 and the upper support plate 153 between the lower support plate 151 and the intermediate support plate 153. [ Test equipment. The method of claim 6,
And a test table (160) having a discharge port formed in the upper plate and the lower support plate (151) being installed so that the bottom of the pressure vessel (110) corresponds to the discharge port. Test equipment. 5. The method according to claim 4 or 5,
Further comprising: an opening / closing control valve installed on the floor drain port (110P) for controlling opening and closing of the floor drain port (110P). 5. The method according to claim 4 or 5,
The pressure vessel is provided at a height of 0.3 to 1.5 M,
Wherein at least one of the meters is installed at a position 0.25 m or more from the bottom of the pressure vessel 110. A method for evaluating a side pressure of a concrete using the side pressure test apparatus for concrete according to claim 4 or 5,
Filling the interior of the pressure vessel (110) with concrete;
A second step of applying an external pressure to the pressurizer 120;
A third step of deriving the side pressure of the concrete by measuring with the meter 140 to derive the side pressure of the concrete, measuring the side pressure of the concrete using a pressure gauge, measuring the strain of the pressure vessel 110 with the strain meter, and converting the side pressure of the concrete from the measured strain;
Wherein the method further comprises the step of evaluating the lateral pressure of the concrete. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the second step is performed while applying an external pressure with a time history with a time interval,
Wherein the third step is carried out while deriving concrete side pressure according to a time interval.
KR1020150085086A 2015-06-16 2015-06-16 Apparatus to Measure Lateral Pressure of Concrete and Evaluation Method of Formwork Pressure Using the Same KR101651532B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020167040A1 (en) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 고려대학교 산학협력단 Irregularly shaped formwork deformation correction method
KR20230135243A (en) 2022-03-16 2023-09-25 한국수력원자력 주식회사 Method of measuring lateral pressure in concrete pouring using a mold with a pressure gauge

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04238245A (en) * 1991-01-23 1992-08-26 Kajima Corp Side pressure evaluating method when concrete is placed
US5417106A (en) * 1991-04-04 1995-05-23 Dynisco, Inc. Capillary rheometer plunger pressure transducer and measurement technique
JP2007225405A (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-09-06 Univ Chuo Triaxial testing machine and program therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04238245A (en) * 1991-01-23 1992-08-26 Kajima Corp Side pressure evaluating method when concrete is placed
US5417106A (en) * 1991-04-04 1995-05-23 Dynisco, Inc. Capillary rheometer plunger pressure transducer and measurement technique
JP2007225405A (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-09-06 Univ Chuo Triaxial testing machine and program therefor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020167040A1 (en) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 고려대학교 산학협력단 Irregularly shaped formwork deformation correction method
KR20230135243A (en) 2022-03-16 2023-09-25 한국수력원자력 주식회사 Method of measuring lateral pressure in concrete pouring using a mold with a pressure gauge

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