KR101644489B1 - Method for heterophoria measuring - Google Patents

Abstract

D = Diopter , L=Lens's length
α: 우안 β: 좌안
를 포함하는 사위 측정 방법.The present invention provides a method comprising: preparing a Howell card; Measuring an observer's position using the Havell card; Measuring the dynamic distance of the subject to be examined, if the subject has a false condition; Measuring an oblique value of a subject to be examined using the Heyward card; Converting the measured oblique value according to the following equation (3) to convert the prescription value appropriate for the examinee; The method comprising the steps of:
&Quot; (3) "

D = Diopter, L = Lens's length
α: Right eye β: Left eye
/ RTI >

Description

{Method for heterophoria measuring}

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of measuring an oblique direction, which enables precise prescription by using the oblique value measured using the existing Havwell oblique card.

Heterophoria means that when two eyes are open, the eyes of both eyes are directed to the subject simultaneously, but when you gaze at the image by separating the left and right eyes by using a prism or other various methods, Refers to a state of resting in a convenient direction such as left / right, up / down or inclined direction. Here, unlike strabismus, it is said to be a latent strabismus because latency is deviating from latency.

Such an observer does not appear on the appearance, but when the degree of oblique angle is severe, eyes easily become fatigued and occasionally the object appears to have two eyes, so correction is necessary.

The eyes of the general public move a total of 12 eyeball muscles (eyeballs, lower brachytherapy, lower side muscles, lower side muscles, lower side muscles, inner side muscles, and inner side muscles) .

Objects reflected in both eyes are recognized as brain through a total of five steps from optic nerve, optic nerve crossing, vision, lateral sagittal, cerebral cortex. Thus, in the cerebral cortex, which controls the visual function, each information in the two eyes is viewed as one, and it is seen through the sensory fusion.

However, in order to see objects placed close to each other, the eye muscles must be turned toward the nose in order to perform mobility fusion. In the patients with oblique and strabismus, eyesight movement (positive relative rush) occurs, As the eye becomes fatigued, it is necessary to measure it and calibrate it according to the measured value.

In order to calibrate your son-in-law, you first need to measure the degree of son-in-law.

We have used various methods such as Maddox rod method, Von Graefe method, and polarization method. However, these methods have been used to separate the left and right eyes. There is a problem in using the measurement results in clinical use because there is a hassle to be measured in the dark room or in the dark room and it is measured in a different environment from the real life.

On the other hand, a method of measuring the horizontal deviation of the eyeball by using a Howell card is developed by Prof. Ediwin Howell, University of New South Wales, Australia.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a typical configuration of the Howell card. The Havell Card is available for 3m distance (for distance) and 40cm distance (for short distance), but the form is the same.

If you use a long distance and short distance card to measure the deviation, the following error may occur.

6 △ B.D. In the state of wearing the prism lens of the distance, the distance between the upper and lower surfaces is seen as two. If the direction of the top arrow points to the blue color position 4 at the position of A, As shown in Fig. And if the arrow points to the yellow position 5 at the position of B, , Which is measured on the esotropia.

Here, the measured oblique value is expressed by prism diopter. Here,? Is a unit display indicating a prism diopter, and a deviation amount of 1 cm to 1 m can be expressed by 1 prism diopter (?). B.I. represents a base in (BI), and B.O. represents a base out (BO). Here, the exoskeleton means that the pupil rotates in the ear direction, and the inclination means that the pupil rotates in the direction of the nose.

On the other hand, B.U. denotes a base up (BU) and B.D. denotes a base down (BD). The lower face means that the pupil rotates in the mouth direction, and the upper face means that the pupil rotates in the head direction.

As mentioned above, when the oblique value of the subject is measured as 4 △ B.I. ~ 6 △ B.I. If it is in the range, it can be judged to be false. When using the far-away card, 0 △ ~ 2 △ B.I. If it is in the range, it can be judged to be false.

Therefore, the oblique value of the subject is 4 △ B.I. , A normal person can be judged as a son-in-law in some Hewell cards to be used.

However, there is a problem in that the remote yong card and the near yong card are of the same shape, which causes the tester to make an error when measuring the yaw.

On the other hand, a person who is nearsighted or primitive prescribes a convex lens or a concave lens having a predetermined dioptric power, but prescribes a prism lens to a patient having an oblique side.

The prism lens helps the patient to see the object without moving the eye muscles by forcing the appropriate amount of light in the state where the patient's eyes are turning.

In the past, the prescription of prism lenses required for observers is as follows. That is, correct the visual acuity of the obsessive patients to 1.0, and judge whether there are two phenomena or cries. Thereafter, the patient's deviation value is measured using an oblique examination chart, and it is judged whether the oblique prescription is necessary according to the measured value, and the prescription is made when the prescription is necessary.

Here, in the case of an ophthalmologist or an optician, it is common to make a prescription of a method of aligning the center of the lens with the center of the pupil and adding a prism to the dioptric lens.

However, since the lens corresponding to the above-described prescription (a lens in which a prism is added to a diopter lens) is expensive, most of the observers make an image on the retina so that the generalized lens prescription .

The prior art of the present invention is exemplified by the registered patent 10-0787039.

Disclosure of the Invention The present invention has been conceived to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for measuring an oblique value using a conventional Howell card, Provides a measurement method.

In addition, the present invention provides a method of measuring an oblique position using a relatively low-cost general-purpose lens, which is less expensive than a prismatic prism lens.

According to an aspect of the present invention, Measuring an observer's position using the Havell card; Measuring the dynamic distance of the subject to be examined, if the subject has a false condition; Measuring an oblique value of a subject to be examined using the Heyward card; Converting the measured oblique value according to the following equation (3) to convert the prescription value appropriate for the examinee; The method comprising the steps of:

&Quot; (3) "

D: Diopter,

L: distance from the pupil center point of the patient's eye to the center point of the lens

α: Right eye β: Left eye

The step of measuring the obliquity includes the steps of setting the distance between the examinee's person and the oblique card to 3 m and correcting the visual acuity of the examinee to determine whether there is a phenomenon in which two objects are visible or loudness can do.

Wherein the step of measuring the oblique value comprises the steps of: determining whether the observer has an exorcism symptom or an observer's symptom; measuring the observer's observer level if the observer's symptom is present; , And if there is the internal jaundice, measuring the internal jaundice of the subject and converting the jaundice by Equation (2).

[Equation 1]

 DELTA 1 = (2x outward positive amount + positive fusion convergence amount) / 3

Here,

&Quot; (2) "

 ? 2 = [(2x positive fusion congestion amount + negative fusion congestion amount) / 3]

Here,

The visual acuity of the examinee may be corrected to 1.0.

In the present invention as described above, it is possible to perform the prescription for each of the obese patients by measuring the oblique value using the conventional Howell card and then converting the measured value again.

In addition, the present invention can calibrate the vision of the oblique patient by using a general-purpose lens which is relatively inexpensive compared to the prismatic prism lens.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a typical configuration of the Howell card.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a configuration of a method for measuring an inclination according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a configuration of a method for measuring an inclination according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, the method of measuring the opposite side according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a card (S110), a step of measuring an oblique direction (S120), a step of measuring the same spatial distance (S130) (S140) and moving the lens center point (S150).

The step of preparing the card (S110) prepares a Havell card to be used for measuring the relative value. The Havell card is of a type shown in FIG. 1, and is a well-known known technique, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

It is preferable that the Hastelless card is placed at a predetermined position (for example, a wall surface where the measurement is made), and the examination position where the person to be examined is located is set at a position 3 meters away from the front of the Hastelless card. Therefore, it is preferable that the prepared Havell-like card is a remote one.

In addition, it is preferable that the eyes of the subject to be examined are aligned with the oblique card.

Since the method of measuring the degree of deviation using the prepared Hastelless card is well known in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Also, the inspector prepares the + and - lenses.

Here, the + diopter lens and the diopter lens are frequency lenses used in the prescription. In the present invention, an effect corresponding to a prism lens can be obtained by a general dioptric lens which is relatively inexpensive to a prism lens in the present invention.

First, a step S120 of measuring the observer's position is performed.

The examinee located at the inspecting position watches the miscommunication card (1) so that the inspecting can proceed.

Here, it is preferable that the subject to be examined is subjected to the oblique examination in a state in which the corrected visual acuity is 1.0.

The examinee watches the intercourse card (1) and notifies the examiner that two objects are visible, or that the examinee feels sore.

The examiner judges that the examinee having the above-mentioned symptoms is an obese patient, and prepares the prescription for the obese patient.

The inspector measures the pupillary distance (PD) of the examinee as a basic data of the presbyopia prescription (S130).

Here, the examiner measures the dynamic distance from the right eye and the left eye of the examinee, respectively, and records each value. Since the spatial distance measurement is a well known technique in this field, a detailed description will be omitted.

The inspector measures the oblique value of the person to be inspected (S140). Here, the measurement of the oblique value is performed by using the Havell obsolvation card 1 shown in FIG.

The measurement of the oblique value using the Hastwell card 1 is equivalent to the conventional technique, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

After measuring the oblique value of the subject to be examined using the Hastell card (1), it is converted into a prescription value suitable for the person to be examined, as follows.

The conversion of the prescription value will be explained by taking the following embodiment as an example.

First, measure the degree of deviation of the examinee using the prepared + and - lenses. Here, a retrogressive effect and a concurrent effect will be described.

First, let us examine the retrograde effect of the + lens.

The inspection baselines which are straight up and down are shown on a predetermined plate, and then the center point of the + frequency lens passes through the inspection reference line. Thereafter, the center line of the + frequency lens is moved to the right with respect to the inspection reference line. At this time, if the movement amount of the inspection reference line formed through the + lens is larger than the movement amount of the + frequency lens, it is judged to be a retrograde effect. Here, the same can be applied to the case where the moving direction of the + dioptric lens is left.

- Let's take a look at the effect of the accompanying lens.

After the upper and lower inspection reference lines are shown on a predetermined plate, the center point of the dioptric lens is arranged to pass through the inspection reference line. Then, the center line of the dioptric lens is moved to the right with respect to the inspection reference line. At this time, if the movement amount of the inspection reference line formed through the diopter lens is smaller than the movement amount of the dioptric lens, it is judged to be the coincidence effect. Here, the same applies to the case where the moving direction of the dioptric lens is the left.

Here, the coexistence effect and the retrograde effect are well known in this field, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As described above, the refractive index of the inspection reference line and the moving distance of the inspection reference line correspond to the refraction effect of the prism lens when measuring the synergistic effect and the retrograde effect exhibited by the lens. Therefore, the general dioptric power can be applied to the stereotactic prescription by the measurement of the coincidence effect and the backward effect.

The movement of the lens center point for applying the general dioptric lens to the subject is performed as follows (S150).

For example, we will assume that a subject with a myopia of -5.00 D and a pupil distance of 32 mm and a pupil distance of 30 mm in the left eye are assumed.

The relative value of the subject was ranged 3 △ B.I. And near 10 △ B.I., and the amount of PRC (positive fusion fusion) was lower than the normal value using a prism bar. (S150), it is judged to be an exorcism symptom, and it is substituted into a formula (exclusive exclusion only) which obtains the exoskeletal value. Here, the normal value of PRC is an average of 18 △ B.O.

The share formula is as shown in the following equation (1).

On the other hand, when the examinee has the internal nervousness symptom, the calculation is performed using the following formula (2).

PRC (positive fusion fusion) indicates the maximum value of the force that the eyeballs gather toward the nose by the eye muscles. In addition, the convergence of speech indicates the maximum value of the force of eyeball to the opposite side of the nose by the eye muscles.

(2x10? B.I. + 12B.O) / 3 = (-20 + 12) / 3 = -8/3 = - 2.7? . Here, in the calculation of a positive number, a negative number is calculated to indicate exogenous delegation. A positive number is calculated at the time of conversion.

Therefore, 2.7 △ B.I patients who are exogenous patients are prescribing hydration lenses for myopia patients, and these lenses have a synergistic effect. Using this coexistence effect, 2.7 △ B.I. The following steps are performed.

It is possible to calculate the degree to which the lens center point is moved by substituting this into the following equation (3).

D: Diopter,

L: Distance from center of pupil of patient's eye to center of lens (mm)

α: Right eye β: Left eye

Here, L is assumed to be 2.7 mm for both the left eye and the right eye. L can be varied in various ways depending on the patient with laryngeal.

(5.0 * 2.7) + (5.0 * 2.7)] = 2.7 [Delta] B.I. .

The calculated value according to Equation (3) will be described in more detail.

(PD) and the left eye space distance (PD) of the diopter lens used in the glasses used by the observers are 32 mm and 30 mm, respectively, so that the coincidence effect is exhibited on the (-) lens. Here, 2.7 mm is added, respectively, to be 34.7 mm and 32.7 mm, respectively. The right eye and the left eye space distance of the diopter lens used by the observer were 34.7mm and 32.7mm, respectively, and the right eye was 1.35 △ B.I. and the left eye was 1.35 △ B.I. Total 2.7 △ B.I. .

Here, 1.35? Is a value calculated by 2.7 mm * -5.00 Dipoter.

Finally, the values shown in the patient's chart of oblique examination were ranged 0 △ and near 5 △ B.I. As shown in FIG.

The above-mentioned twitching method was applied to clinical practice.

The present invention is applied to a patient (26 years old) who has a sonic symptom.

Patients (26 years of age) were diagnosed with ophthalmologic pain and migraine symptoms during reading as the main symptom. In addition, the degrees of right eye correction for Park Jong-young patients were S-6.50D, C-2.50D, and Ax 170, and the left eyes were S-4.75D, C-3.25D, and Ax 10, respectively.

For Park, Joon-young, the refractive power of the right eye and the left eye is calibrated to the diopter value of the calibrated frequency.

When the calibration was completed, the distance between the patient and the patient was measured using a 3-meter distance far-through test. Here, the measured distances and distances are 6 △ B.I. And 11? B.I. to be.

Since the measured near-field value is higher than the remote near-field value by more than 3 △, the correct name can be judged to be "out-of-focus".

Once the distance and near-field measurements for the patient are completed, the patient's Positive Relative Congestion (PRC) and Negative Relative Congestion (NRC) measurements are taken for the differential calculation. The patient's positive relative congestion (PRC) was measured as 10 △ B.O and measured as negative relative congestion (NRC) 16 △ B.I. Here, a prism bar was used for the measurement of positive relative congestion (PRC) and negative relative congestion (NRC).

Here, patients with out-of-control lethargy lead to eye pain and headache at near-field work, so they prescribe a prism to compensate for weak localized work. Since the patient is exotropia at this time, the degree of correction by the prism lens can be calculated by substituting the equation (1).

(-22 + 10) / 3 = -4 = 4 [Delta] B.I can be calculated by substituting the eccentricity amount and the positive fusion convergence amount into [Equation 1]. (PD) of Park Jung-young (26 years old) who needs 4 △ B.I prescription. Here, the dynamic distance of the right eye was 34 mm, the dynamic distance of the left eye was 35 mm, and L was measured as 4 mm and 3 mm in the right eye and left eye, respectively.

When the measured value is substituted into the formula (3) for the obsessive prescription, 4.02 [Delta] can be calculated by 0.1 * [(- 6.50 * 4) + (- 4.75 * 3)]. Here, the patient is a near-term patient using a (-) lens. (-) lens has a moving direction like a moving direction. Therefore, in order to achieve the ΔBI effect required for the patient having an external deviation, the design center point of the lens is moved to the ear rather than the center point of the pupil of the patient.

Therefore, the right eye PD is 34 + 4 = 38 mm and the left eye PD is 35 + 3 = 38 mm. The numerical value is input to the lens processing machine to process the anthropometric lens and wear it to the patient.

As a result of measuring the oblique value of the Park Joon-young patient wearing the lens as described above, the oblique value was measured using a distance between the oblique right 1 and the oblique right 3, It can be seen that the normal vision is achieved.

In addition, the present invention can be applied to various patients having obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the results shown in the following Table 1 can be obtained.

General prescriptions and prescriptions according to the present invention

Patient's Calibration Diagram & Howell Table Measure The prescription according to the present invention Lee Hae-sun (age 22)
Right eye PD: 32, Left eye PD: 31
Measuring value: distance 4 △ BI & near 14 △ BI
After share calculation : 3 △ BI prescription needed due to lack of runaway externality After prescription PD according to the present invention:
Right eye PD 36, left eye PD 35
Calibrated oblique values:
3.30 △ Difference between BI and 4 BI after Howell Sample 2 (Normal) Park Joon-young (26 years old) Woo-in PD: 34, left-handed PD: 35
Measuring value: distance 6 △ BI & near 11 △ BI
After share calculation : 4 △ BI prescribed due to lack of runaway externality After prescription PD according to the present invention:
Right eye PD 38, left eye PD 38
Calibrated oblique values:
4.02 △ BI After prescription Howell index 1 Between BI and 3 △ BI (normal) Kyung Min Lee (25 years old) Woo-in PD: 25, left-hand PD: 28
Measurement value: distance 4 △ BI & near 12 △ BI
After calculation of share : 3.5 △ BI prescription needed due to lack of runaway exodus After prescription PD according to the present invention:
Right eye PD 30, Left eye PD 31
Calibrated oblique values:
3.75 △ After BI formulation, between 3 △ BI and 4 △ BI (normal) Chamyoung (43) Right eye PD: 31, Left eye PD: 30
Measuring value: distance 0 △ & near 3 △ BO
After Percervation Calculation : 1 △ BO prescription needed due to excessive overestimation After prescription PD according to the present invention:
Right eye PD 37, left eye PD 34
Calibrated oblique values:
1.10 △ BO after prescription 0 △ (normal) Lee Chan-hee (age 13) Woo-in PD: 30, left-hand PD: 28
Measured relative value: Distance 8 △ BI & Near 10 △ BI
After share calculation : 4 △ BI prescription required due to the basic exodeviation After prescription PD according to the present invention:
Right eye PD 35, left eye PD 32
Calibrated oblique values:
4.11 △ BI after prescription After 4 △ BI (normal)

As described above, it can be seen that the test subjects who were required to have a prescription by the existing pre-existing prescription method are actually normal when applying the method according to the present invention.

In the present invention, it is possible to perform an appropriate prescription for each of the oblique patients by measuring the oblique value using the existing Howell orthodontic card and converting the measured value again, You can calibrate the vision of the oblique patient by using an optional lens.

While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

Claims (4)

A method for measuring an oblique incision to calibrate the visual acuity of an oblique patient using general-purpose lens glasses,
Preparing a Howell disciple card;
Measuring an observer's position using the Havell card;
Measuring the dynamic distance of the subject to be examined, if the subject has a false condition;
Measuring an oblique value of the subject to be examined using the Havell card;
Converting the measured azimuth value according to Equation (3), and moving the center point of the general dioptric lens glasses toward the examinee's subject according to the converted value; / RTI >
&Quot; (3) "

D: Diopter, L: distance from the pupil center of the patient's eye to the center of the lens
α: Right eye β: Left eye The method according to claim 1,
The method of claim 1,
Setting a distance between the to-be-tested person and the obedience card to 3 m;
And correcting the visual acuity of the subject to be inspected, and judging whether there is a phenomenon in which two objects are seen or there is a squeal. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of measuring the oblique value comprises:
Determining whether the examinee has an exorcism symptom or a migraine symptom,
If there is the external deviation condition, the external deviation amount of the test subject is measured, the deviation value is converted according to Equation (1), and if there is the internal deviation condition, the internal deviation amount of the test subject is measured, 2]. ≪ / RTI >
[Equation 1]
DELTA 1 = (2x outward positive amount + positive fusion convergence amount) / 3
Here,
&Quot; (2) "
? 2 = [(2x positive fusion congestion amount + negative fusion congestion amount) / 3]
Here, 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
And calibrating the visual acuity of the subject to 1.0.

Images