KR101639680B1 - System for measuring non-point source contaminant and constructing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for measuring a non-point pollutant, which can calculate a ratio of non-point pollutants in the entire water pollutants during rainfall, or predict a loading amount of non-point pollutants according to an amount of rainfall. The system can provide a system for measuring a non-point pollutant, which can monitor an amount of rainfall in a target basin, a flow rate, water quality, and the like, in real-time, and automatically perform water sampling immediately after rainfall starts, so that a non-point pollutant can be measured according to initial rainfall, and can perform water sampling even when a water level is low and the flow rate is low, by using a manhole-type automatic water sampling facility, so that the total amount of non-point pollutants can be accurately measured as compared with the conventional technology. Further, the present invention can provide a system for measuring a non-point pollutant, which constructs modeling using the measured data, and thus, can be universally used by local governments or environment organizations that should manage non-point pollutants.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a non-point pollutant measurement system and a method for constructing the same,

The present invention relates to a non-point pollutant measuring system and a method for constructing the same, and can monitor the rainfall amount and flow rate of the target watershed in real time, In addition, by constructing modeling using the measurement data, it is possible to provide a non-point pollutant measurement system that can be used universally in local governments or environmental organizations that need to manage non-point pollutants.

Non-point source contaminants are also referred to as non-specific pollutants, surface pollutants, mobile pollutants or other pollutants of water. These non-point source contaminants are unspecified in cities, roads, farmland, Pollutants emitted from nonpoint pollution sources that are sources of water pollutants that are unspecified in places. Unlike point pollutants with specific discharge routes, nonpoint pollutants are generated through unspecified discharge routes such as urban road drainage or cropland drainage.

In the places where non-point pollutants occur, there are aquaculture facilities, golf course facilities, transportation equipment, maintenance or disposal facilities, simple processing facilities for enriched fishery products, photographic processing facilities and agricultural land, dockyard, .

Since non-point pollutants mainly flow out along with surface drainage when they are exposed to rain, it is necessary to remove the pollutants, pesticides, soil sediments, housing spills, traffic pollutants, dust and waste of natural wastes, , And air pollution away from the surface. Therefore, rainwater discharged into a state containing all contaminants is actually the main nonpoint pollutant.

Non-point pollutants are usually affected by weather conditions, geology, topography, etc., which are difficult to predict and quantify because of large differences in daily and inter-seasonal emissions because they are exposed to rainfall over effective rainfall.

Therefore, in order to effectively manage non-point pollutants, it is necessary to quantitatively predict the pollutant load according to the drainage area and appropriately regulate and manage the land use. Accordingly, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-0082840 (published on September 12, 2008), the rainfall amount, the flow rate and the water quality are measured, and the nonpoint pollution A total mass measurement system is proposed.

However, in the conventional non-point pollutant measurement system as described above, it is difficult to measure non-point pollutants due to initial precipitation. In particular, when the water depth is shallow, .

Published Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-0082840 (published September 12, 2008)

It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems of the related art, The present invention provides a non-point pollutant measuring system and a method for constructing the non-point pollutant measuring system, which can measure non-point pollutants due to rainfall, and more particularly, to an automatic watering facility capable of taking water even at shallow water depths.

In order to achieve the above object, a system for measuring non-point pollutants in a target watershed including non-point pollutants according to the present invention includes: an automatic meter that always measures rainfall, flow rate, and water quality of the target watershed; An automatic watering facility, which is a manhole type water collection facility for collecting river water from the target watershed and introducing the water into a storage water tank; A storage tank for storing the river water flowing from the automatic basin; A water quality meter provided in the storage tank; A data server for receiving data measured by the automatic measuring device and the water quality measuring device to establish non-point pollutant modeling; And an integrated control server for driving non-point pollutant modeling built in the data server, wherein the manhole type water collection facility includes a manhole body, a pump cover, a second manhole cover formed with a river water second inlet, And a primary manhole cover is stacked in this order. In order to prevent foreign matter from entering the main water inlet, only the upper layer inflow water is installed in the primary inlet of the river water, And a gabion protection ball is installed.

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The quality of the water quality measured by the automatic meter is at least one selected from the group consisting of water temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, turbidity, phosphorus (TP), nitrogen (TN), and organic carbon (TOC).

An automatic watering facility can be a cantilever type watering facility or a manhole type watering facility. It can accumulate more than 3 mm cumulative rainfall within 12 hours after the first rainfall detection in an automatic meter (rainfall meter) or 5% increase in water level during rainfall detection time It is desirable to start the water sampling. When the amount of rainfall is less than 3 mm over 12 hours, it is not preferable because there is almost no leakage of non-point pollutants.

When the system detects a rain signal, an SMS message is sent to the network administrator and the water level value of the rain detection time is stored.

When a rain signal is detected, the pump does not alternate and continues to run until the pot sampler of the automatic sampler is filled.

24 samples are collected according to the set time interval of the automatic sampler, and when the sampler is finished, an SMS message is sent to the manager to prepare the sample collection.

At this time, the data measured by the water quality meter installed in the measuring station is stored and transmitted in real time through the data logger.

Water meter is the total (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids (SS), BOD, COD, chlorophyll -a (Chl-a), phosphate (PO ₄ -P), (NO ₂ -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc Iron (Fe), and the like.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for establishing a non-point pollutant measurement system, comprising: selecting a river representing a target watershed; Installing an automatic measuring instrument on the selected river, and monitoring the rainfall, the flow rate and the water quality at all times with the automatic measuring instrument; Collecting the river water of the target watershed through an automatic collection facility, which is a manhole type collection facility, if the rainfall condition is satisfied in the monitoring result; Introducing the river water of the target watershed collected in the automatic collection facility into the storage tank; Measuring the river water of the target watershed with a water quality meter provided in the storage water tank; The data measured by the automatic meter and the water quality meter are transmitted to a data server; Generating non-point pollutant modeling using the transmitted data; And driving the non-point pollutant modeling at the integrated control server, wherein the manhole type water collection facility includes a manhole body, a pump cover, a secondary manhole cover formed with a river water secondary inlet, and a river water primary inlet And a primary manhole cover are stacked in this order. In order to prevent foreign matter from entering the main water inlet, only the upper layer inflow water is installed in the primary inlet of the river water, Is installed.

The non-point pollutant measuring system of the present invention can estimate the ratio of non-point pollutants among all the water pollutants during rainfall or predict the load of non-point pollutants according to the amount of rainfall. When the rainfall starts, It is possible to measure non-point pollutants according to the initial rainfall, and in a shallow region where the water depth is shallow, the manhole type automatic water collecting facility is used so that the water depth is shallow, Can be accurately measured.

1 shows a block diagram of a non-point pollutant measuring system according to the present invention.
2 is a diagram illustrating a method for generating and driving nonpoint pollutant modeling according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Prior to the description, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings and should be construed in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as "including" an element, it is understood that it may include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise. Also, when a component is referred to as being "made" with respect to any component, it means that it does not include other components, aside from the other components, unless specifically stated otherwise.

Each step may be performed differently than the order specified unless explicitly stated in the context of the specific order. That is, each of the steps may be performed in the same order as described, or may be performed substantially concurrently or in the reverse order.

In order to solve the problems of the conventional techniques described above and to achieve the object of the invention to be solved by the present invention, the present invention provides an automatic measuring apparatus 10 for measuring rainfall, flow rate and water quality of a target watershed including a non- ); An automatic water collection facility (20) for collecting the river water of the target watershed and introducing the water into the storage water tank; A storage tank (30) for storing the river water flowing into the target watershed from the automatic collection facility (20); A water quality meter 31 provided in the storage water tank 30; A data server 40 for receiving data measured by the automatic measuring instrument 10 and the water quality measuring instrument 31 to establish modeling; And an integrated control server (50) for driving the modeling built in the data server.

In the present specification, nonpoint pollutant refers to water pollutants generated from nonpoint pollutants such as aquaculture facilities, golf course facilities, farmland, and product yard. Unlike point pollutants, where pollutants occur at specific locations, such as domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and livestock wastewater, nonpoint pollutants are generated through unspecified discharge routes such as urban drainage or cropland drainage.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the non-point pollutant measurement system, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a non-point pollutant modeling and driving method according to the non-point pollutant measurement system. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.

The non-point pollutant measurement system includes an automatic meter 10, an automatic watering facility 20, a storage water tank 30, a water quality meter 31, a data server 40 and an integrated control server 50.

The automatic meter (10) is installed in a selected area as a representative stream for the management of non-point pollutants in a target watershed, and is a device for always measuring rainfall, flow rate and water quality. The river selection criteria are based on the designation criteria of the non-point management area in accordance with Article 54 (1) and (4) of the Enforcement Decree of the Ministry of Environment Notification, Water Quality and Preservation of Water Ecosystem, and the BOD, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen Where the nonpoint pollutant load is more than 50% of the total pollutant load.

The water quality items measured by the automatic measuring instrument 10 are at least one selected from the group consisting of water temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon And it is more preferable to measure them all for accurate analysis.

When the rainfall starts, the river water of the target watershed is collected using the automatic water collection facility (20). The automatic meter (10) includes a rainfall meter and a flow meter, and the automatically collected samples are analyzed and utilized as non-point pollutant research data.

The automatic collection facility 20 performs sampling at predetermined time intervals. According to the rainfall event, the behavior of nonpoint pollutants flowing out over time after the start of rainfall, that is, the pattern varies according to river water quality and flow rate. Therefore, the automatic sampling interval has a great influence on the boiling point analysis. Therefore, it is preferable that one of five types is selected according to the precipitation amount (ie, the duration of the outflow curve) of the meteorological office to perform automatic sampling.

The duration of the runoff curve is the curve that ascends and descends after the start of the rainfall. If the length of the stream is short or the slope of the upstream and downstream is gentle, the duration of the runoff curve is short.

For upstream or tributary points, the runoff curve duration may be shorter than for other points. In addition, even if the same rainfall is predicted in a watershed, it is possible to select the type flexibly considering this point because the downstream runoff can last for a long time.

Type of water sampling Runoff curve duration Stage 1
Interval (minutes) / Number of samples Step 2
Interval (minutes) / Number of samples Step 3
Interval (minutes) / Number of samples Step 4
Interval (minutes) / Number of samples Total water sampling time
(hr) Type 1 Less than 18 hr 20 9 60 6 120 9 - - 27 Type 2 18 to 24 hr 30 8 60 4 120 12 - - 32 Type 3 24 to 36 hr 30 6 60 5 120 6 180 7 41 Type 4 36 to 48 hr 30 2 60 4 120 4 180 14 55 Type 5 Greater than 48 hr 60 2 120 4 120 18 - - 64

In addition, it is preferable that the automatic watering facility starts water collection when the cumulative rainfall amount is more than 3 mm or 5% of the water level at the time of rainfall detection in the automatic measuring device. This means that the cumulative amount of rainfall measured by the automatic meter is at least 3 mm This is because when the water level of the small river is increased by at least 5% in comparison with the water level at the time of rainfall detection, nonpoint pollutants on the surface are expressed.

That is, although it is preferable to immediately collect water at the beginning of the rainfall since most of the non-point pollutants are included in the initial rainfall, due to the nature of the non-point pollutant, It is not desirable because there is a limit to the measurement of pollutants.

Since the water supply facility is mainly installed in the river, it should be structurally stable and easy to maintain. Also, it is important to minimize the inflow of foreign substances during rainfall because the main purpose is to collect river samples during rainfall. , And a structure capable of securing a stable sample at low water level during the dry season should be provided.

As the most widely used watering facilities, water pump was installed in the concrete structure, but it is being replaced by the automatic watering facility because of the disadvantage that maintenance is difficult. It is preferable to use a cantilever type watering facility or a manhole type watering facility in the automatic watering facility 20. More preferably, a cantilever type watering facility is used at a deep water depth and a manhole type watering facility is used at a shallow water depth Can be used.

A cantilever type watering facility is a watering facility conventionally used conventionally, and a cantilever structure is installed after a concrete foundation structure is installed on a river side, and there is an advantage that water can be collected stably even with fluctuation of seasonal flow rate. In addition, the piping support is rotatable so that it can flexibly cope with the flow of the flow rate, and it is structurally stable because the loss prevention support is installed, and it is easy to maintain and manage by easy access to the water supply facility and the pump. However, there is a disadvantage that water can be collected only in places where the water depth is high and the flow rate is high.

In order to compensate for the disadvantages of the cantilever type water collection facility as described above, the present invention uses a manhole type water collection facility including a lid with a built-in mesh filter so that water can be collected even at a shallow water depth and a small flow rate. In particular, when the manhole type water collection facility is installed in the drainage port where the surface water and the ground water are collected, the water can be collected even with a small amount of rainfall.

3 to 5 show an external view, an upper structural view and a detailed view of a manhole type watering facility which can be used in the present invention, respectively.

In order to overcome the disadvantage that the maintenance is difficult due to the existing concrete manhole, the manhole type water collection facility of the present invention is made of stainless steel material And a water supply pump was installed inside the manhole, and the main body had a double structure (see FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 5, the manhole type water collection facility used in the present invention includes: a primary manhole cover in which a river water primary inlet is located; A secondary manhole cover formed with a river inlet second inlet; A pump cover including a pump stand and a water drop hole; And a manhole body including a water supply pipe connection, a conduit connection, and a manhole fixing part.

The manhole type water collection facility is installed on the lower part of the river below the level of the river bed, and is installed on the lower part of the river. The internal structure of the dual structure is designed to be lifted up by the operator so that foreign matter can be cleaned. In order to prevent the inflow, the upper inflow portion is configured to have a foreign object inflow preventing protrusion and an inflow preventing mesh to inflow only the inflow water of the upper layer (see FIG. 4).

This manhole type water supply facility is installed by a structure of a waterway manhole (refer to FIG. 6). The waterway manhole is provided with a 3 × 3m gait protection hole to protect the manhole, and at least two underwater pumps are installed in the manhole And the manhole type water intake facility is installed in a structure that enables the water to be collected even at the low water level of the river, so that even when the water level reaches the minimum water level, the water can be collected.

In addition, since the water level sensor is attached to the inside of the manhole type water collecting facility used in the present invention, when the water level is lower than the underwater pump impeller because the river water is not supplied into the manhole, the pump can be shut down, It includes functions to prevent damage due to idling of the pump and short circuit due to overcurrent.

On the other hand, it is preferable to add a refrigeration function to the automatic sifting machine to prevent changes in the components of the sample, and it is more preferable that the automatic sifting machine is a small refrigeration automatic sifter having a size of 450 mm x 450 mm x 700 mm from the viewpoint of efficiency.

Taking Type 1 of Table 1 as an example, it is preferable that the water sampling is performed at intervals of 20 minutes for the initial 3 hours after the rainfall is detected, at 1 hour intervals for the following 6 hours and then at 2 hour intervals thereafter . The reason for sampling at short intervals during the initial 3 hours is that the initial rainfall contains the most non-point pollutants. In the case of type 1, the sampling is performed in steps 1, 2 and 3. However, it is also possible that the sampling is divided into four stages in total depending on the type of sampling.

The river water collected by the automatic watering facility 20 flows into the storage water tank 30 and is stored and analyzed by the water quality meter 31 provided in the storage water tank 30. The water meter 31 in the total of (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids (SS), BOD, COD, chlorophyll -a (Chl-a), phosphate (PO ₄ -P), nitrite nitrogen (NO ₂ -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) (Zn) and iron (Fe) are preferably measured. Since these items are non-point pollutants and are the main cause of water pollution, it is more preferable to measure all the items because it can improve the accuracy of analysis.

The data measured by the automatic meter 10 and the water quality meter 31 are collected by the data server 40 and nonpoint pollutant modeling is established based on the collected data. The data server 40 includes a data logger for collecting data, a data logger for receiving data collected from the data logger, modeling the data, and transmitting the data to each integrated control server so that the constructed modeling can be executed. (Virtual Private Network).

The storm water management model (SWMM), the storm water management model (SWMM-SPF) and the storm water management model (SWMM-SPF) are used to estimate the ratio of non-point pollutants to total water pollutants during rainfall, , Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), Surface Water Modeling System (SMS), and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP).

In order to construct the modeling, it is preferable that data relating to rainfall amount, flow rate, and constant water quality data and non-point pollutants generated during rainfall are provided, and the flow rate and the polluted water discharged according to the characteristics of the land use and the soil itself in each watershed Because of the varying amounts of material, it is more desirable to provide additional data on DEM, land use and soil characteristics to account for these characteristics.

The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a digital elevation model (DEM) in which numerical representations of continuous uplift changes in space are used, and the term Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is also used. The DEM is a model of the terrain, representing the surface and its elevation characteristics as accurately as necessary. In other words, it is the numerical altitude model that the elevation of the surface of the earth is extracted, and it is organized by a certain structure and numerical terrain is expressed. The DEM data represent the altitude or slope of the terrain, which can be used to determine the flow rate into or out of the watershed when generating a non-point pollutant model.

The land use map is a map showing the land use status. It is a map that shows the land use status when it is set up in agricultural policy, the use situation of agricultural land, the function of city or village, roadbed of railway or the facility for preservation and improvement of land It is a map. Land use data is used to determine nonpoint sources. That is, the land use data represents information on various facilities that become nonpoint pollution sources.

The soil map contains information such as soil, base metal, drainage, effective soil depth and so on. The soil is classified according to the soil particle size, and the base material is a classification according to which clinical form the soil is formed. Drainage is classified according to how well the soil is drained. Effective soil is classified according to the effective thickness of the soil. Soil map data can be used to determine the flow rate into or out of the watershed at the time of the creation of the non-point pollutant model.

After constructing the modeling, the reliability of the model is improved through the calibration, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, and reliability analysis of the model. Finally, the non-point pollutant model is completed through the applicability examination. .

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of establishing a non-point pollutant measurement system, comprising: selecting a stream (100) for managing non-point pollutants representing a target watershed; (110) installing the automatic measuring instrument (10) on the selected river and constantly monitoring the rainfall amount, flow amount and water quality with the automatic measuring instrument (10); (120) considering the rainfall condition from the monitoring result, if the condition is satisfied, collecting (130) the river water of the target watershed as an automatic watering facility; (140) flowing the river water of the target watershed collected in the automatic collection facility into the storage tank; Measuring (150) the river water of the target watershed with the water quality meter provided in the storage water tank; (160) the data measured by the automatic meter and the water quality meter is transmitted to a data server; Generating (170) non-point pollutant modeling using the transmitted data; And driving (180) the nonpoint pollutant modeling at the integrated control server.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention.

10: Automatic meter 20: Automatic watering facility
30: Reservoir tank 31: Water quality meter
40: data server 50: integrated control server

Claims (10)

A system for measuring non-point pollutants in a target watershed containing nonpoint pollutants,
An automatic measuring device for always measuring rainfall, flow rate and water quality of the target watershed;
An automatic watering facility, which is a manhole type water collection facility for collecting river water from the target watershed and introducing the water into a storage water tank;
A storage tank for storing the river water flowing from the automatic basin;
A water quality meter provided in the storage tank;
A data server for receiving data measured by the automatic measuring device and the water quality measuring device to establish non-point pollutant modeling; And
And an integrated control server for driving non-point pollutant modeling built in the data server,
The manhole type water collection facility has a structure in which a manhole body including a manhole fixing part, a pump cover, a secondary manhole cover formed with a river water secondary inlet and a hemispherical primary manhole cover including a river water primary inlet are stacked in order ,
In order to prevent the inflow of foreign matter, a foreign matter infiltration preventing jaw and an inflow preventing mesh are installed in the first inflow port of the river water,
The manhole type water collection facility includes a water level sensor inside,
And a gabion guard hole is provided around the manhole type water collection facility. The method according to claim 1,
The water quality measured by the automatic measuring device is at least one selected from the group consisting of water temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC) A nonpoint pollutant measurement system. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the automatic collection facility starts to collect water when the cumulative rainfall amount is 3 mm or more in the automatic measuring device or when the water level is increased by 5% with respect to the water level in the rainfall detection time. delete The method according to claim 1,
The water meter is the total of (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids (SS), BOD, COD, chlorophyll -a (Chl-a), phosphate (PO ₄ -P) , Nitrate nitrogen (NO ₂ -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) And iron (Fe) are measured in the non-point pollutant measuring system. Selecting a river representing the target watershed;
Installing an automatic measuring instrument on the selected river, and monitoring the rainfall, the flow rate and the water quality at all times with the automatic measuring instrument;
Collecting the river water of the target watershed through an automatic collection facility, which is a manhole type collection facility, if the rainfall condition is satisfied in the monitoring result;
Introducing the river water of the target watershed collected in the automatic collection facility into the storage tank;
Measuring the river water of the target watershed with a water quality meter provided in the storage water tank;
The data measured by the automatic meter and the water quality meter are transmitted to a data server;
Generating non-point pollutant modeling using the transmitted data; And
And driving the non-point pollutant modeling at the integrated control server,
The manhole type water collection facility includes a manhole body including a manhole fixing unit, a pump cover, a secondary manhole cover formed with a river water secondary inlet, and a hemispherical primary manhole cover including a river water primary inlet, ,
In order to prevent the inflow of foreign matter, a foreign matter infiltration preventing jaw and an inflow preventing mesh are installed in the first inflow port of the river water,
The manhole type water collection facility includes a water level sensor inside,
And a gangway protection hole is installed around the manhole type water collection facility. The method according to claim 6,
The water quality measured by the automatic measuring device is at least one selected from the group consisting of water temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC) A method for establishing a nonpoint pollutant measurement system. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the automatic water collection facility starts water collection when the cumulative rainfall amount is 3 mm or more in the automatic meter or when the water level is increased by 5% with respect to the water level at the time of the rainfall detection time. delete The method according to claim 6,
The water meter is the total of (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids (SS), BOD, COD, chlorophyll -a (Chl-a), phosphate (PO ₄ -P) , Nitrate nitrogen (NO ₂ -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) And iron (Fe) are measured in the step of measuring the non-point pollutant measurement system.

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