KR101630809B1 - Method for prediction of sensory bad odor intensity and Method for control of sensory bad odor intensity using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of predicting odor of a manure occurring in a composting facility or a composting facility of a manure, a method of controlling the odor of the manure and a method of predicting odor of the manure. According to the present invention as described above, it is possible to easily predict the odor of the manure, and the odor of the manure can be efficiently controlled by using the same.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for predicting bad odor of a manure,

The present invention relates to a method for predicting odor of a manure and a method for controlling the odor of manure using the same, and more particularly, to a method for predicting odor of a manure capable of efficiently predicting odor of a manure, A method for predicting the odor of the manure, and an apparatus for predicting the odor of the manure.

As the size of the livestock industry grows, concentration and intensity of odorous substances generated in livestock facilities are increasing. For this reason, animal odor complaints are increasing. Major odor sources are livestock farms, composting facilities, and liquid pots.

The main odor substances generated from these facilities are sulfur compounds, ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenols, and indoles. These odor materials differ in their concentration, strength, and contribution to odor, which makes it difficult to define odor levels. In addition, these odorous ingredients may disturb the livestock industry by making distant movements depending on the species. In fact, pesticides such as p-cresol, isovaleric acid and 4-ethylphenol, which are found in livestock farms, composts and liquid pots, are also measured at distances of several kilometers.

Numerous cited documents and patent documents are referred to and cited throughout this specification. The disclosures of the cited documents and patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to more clearly describe the state of the art to which the present invention pertains and the content of the present invention.

Korean Patent No. 10-1395340 (Apr. 2014)

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of predicting odor of a manure that can easily predict odor of a manure occurring in a livestock farm, a compost, and a livestock field.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently controlling the odor of the manure bodily odor using the method for predicting the odor of the manure.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for predicting odorous odor of a manure that can easily predict odor of a manure.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, claims and drawings.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a fermented livestock wastewater, comprising the steps of: measuring the type and concentration of odorous substances generated in a livestock farm,

Converting the concentration of each of the measured malodor substances into the malodor intensity of each of the malodor substances based on the minimum concentration of the malodor detection per odor substance; And

And estimating the odor level of the manure on the basis of the odor intensity of each odor substance.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for predicting the sensory odor of a manure according to the present invention, comprising the step of controlling the type of excipient, the dosage of excipient, It provides a malodor control method.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a malodor substance measuring device for measuring the type and concentration of malodorous substances generated in a livestock farm, a manure composting facility, or a liquefaction facility; And a controller for converting the concentration of each of the measured odor substances into odor intensity of each odor substance based on the minimum concentration of odor detection per odor substance and calculating the odor intensity level of the manure based on the odor intensity of each odor substance, And means for analyzing the substance.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to easily predict the odor of the manure generated in the composting of livestock breeding farms, manure, or in a liquefaction facility. In particular, it is possible to predict odor of the whole manure only by the concentration of the specific substance among the odor substances of the manure.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to easily predict the smell of the smell caused by composting of manure cultivation farms, manure processing facilities, or manure processing stages.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently control the odor of the manure bodily sensation by using the method of predicting the odor of the manure occurring in the composting plant of livestock farming, manure or liquefaction facility.

1 is a flowchart schematically showing a method of predicting odor of a manure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is capable of various modifications and various embodiments, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

The terminology used in this application is used only to describe a specific embodiment and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, the terms "comprises" or "having" and the like are used to specify that there is a feature, a number, a step, an operation, an element, a component or a combination thereof described in the specification, But do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a fermented livestock wastewater, comprising the steps of: measuring the type and concentration of odorous substances generated in a livestock farm,

Converting the concentration of each of the measured malodor substances into the malodor intensity of each of the malodor substances based on the minimum concentration of the malodor detection per odor substance; And

And estimating the odor level of the manure on the basis of the odor intensity of each odor substance.

Measurement of the type and concentration of odorous substances in livestock composting, manure composting or liquefaction facilities can be carried out using an analysis system of GC / FPD, GC / MS, HPLC, UV / Vis spectrophotometer, Volatile compounds other than nitrogen compounds can be analyzed by TD / GC / MS method. But the present invention is not limited thereto and can be measured using various known analysis systems.

The malodor intensity of each of the malodor substances can be calculated by dividing the concentration of each of the malodor substances measured by the malodor detection minimum concentration by the malodor substance. The minimum concentration of odor detection may be measured, for example, by Nagata (Measurement of Odor Threshold by Triangle Odor Bag Method, 2003) can be used.

According to the present invention, when the malodor intensity of each malodor substance is used, it is possible to predict the actual malodor intensity of each malodor substance rather than the absolute malodor concentration.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the odor contribution of each odor substance to the whole odor based on the relative ratio of the intensity of each odor substance among the total of the odor intensity by the odor substance. According to this, it is possible to easily estimate and accurately predict the odor level (degree) of the malodor source by evaluating concentration, intensity, and relative contribution to the malodor of the major odor substances generated in the compost and livestock field.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of at least one of the odor substances in the manure sample is measured to predict the overall odor level of the manure based on the odor contribution of the odor substance. When the odor contribution by the odorant substance is previously analyzed in advance, it is possible to accurately and efficiently predict the odor level of the overall odor of the manure.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the malodor substance measured in the manure sample includes a step of selecting based on the malodor contribution by the manure. For example, a substance with the greatest contribution to odor per manure can be selected as a key odor substance to predict the overall odor level of the manure. In addition, if the concentration of one odor substance is known according to the odor contribution of the odor substance, the intensity of the other odor substance can be predicted. Therefore, the kinds of the odor substances measured in the manure sample can be variously selected according to the purpose of predicting the odor.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of measuring the type and concentration of the odorous substance includes a step of measuring the relative odor level according to the treatment step by measuring the composting or liquefaction treatment step.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of predicting the smell level of the composting or liquefying process based on the relative odor level according to the composting or liquefying process steps may be predicted.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composting or liquefying treatment step includes at least one of a manure bringing-in step, an intermediate manure treatment step, and a manure completion step. The composting and liquefaction processes are based on aerobic fermentation, and it is preferable that the fermentation progresses for 60 to 120 days since animal manure and microorganisms are well mixed. In this process, the concentration of each odorant substance in each treatment step is compared and analyzed. There is a difference in the concentration of each odor substance, so that the concentration of the odor substance can be predicted.

As described above, if samples of composting or liquefaction treatment steps are sampled and the odor intensity and contribution of each odor substance are analyzed in advance, it is possible to accurately and efficiently predict the odor level per processing stage in the composting or liquefying facility in the future.

In the present invention, the malodorous material is collected in a composting facility, and a liquid sample is collected in a liquefaction facility to produce a malodorous material. The kind of the malodorous substance is not limited as long as it can affect the animal offensive odor. Preferably, the malodorous substance is selected from the group consisting of propionic acid, butyric acid, I-butyric acid, valeric acid, I- valeric acid, phenol, , At least one member selected from the group consisting of scandium, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and ammonia. But are not limited to, phenols and indoles, which are main sources of animal offensive odor.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is further included a step of analyzing a correlation between a malodor level by a device analysis and a malodor level by a sensory evaluation to predict a smell level of the manure in the manure. In analyzing the major odor substances of livestock farms, composts or livestock fields, it is necessary to analyze the equipment using GC / MS, GC / FPD and HPLC, and to measure the odor intensity of the complex odor Comparing and judging will reduce errors in the prediction results. In addition, the correlation between the odor level and the odor level by sensory evaluation by instrumental analysis of the manure treatment facility can be analyzed in advance to compensate the prediction result of the odor level. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the odor intensity of the samples collected from the composting and livestock field was evaluated to be 0.20 ~ 0.5 lower than that of the sensory evaluation in the liquefaction facilities, In the facility, it was 0.20 ~ 0.3 level higher than the sensory evaluation.

The sensory evaluation is a method of diluting a certain amount of air samples causing odor in stages using odorless air to calculate a dilution-to-threshold ratio (D / T ratio) corresponding to the critical level of detection Can be performed. This method is an assay for evaluating the strength of odors that can be sensed by a human body together with instrumental analysis when various individual odorous substances exist alone or in the form of a mixture. This dilution drainage data can be applied complementarily to assess odor levels in conjunction with concentrations of individual components obtained by instrumental analysis.

In the present invention, the manure may be an animal manure. Composting and liquefaction facilities using livestock manure generally use manure produced by breeding cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks, dogs, and goats. In the composting process, sawdust or rice husk is used as an excipient to control the water content, and the amount of odor generated is reduced by aerating the air. In addition, we are trying to minimize the amount of solids in the urine to be used for the liquid production by separating the urine from the urine as much as possible. While the type of livestock manure is not limited during composting and liquefaction, pig manure is preferred.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for predicting the body odor of a manure, which is predicted by a method for predicting odor of a manure according to an embodiment of the present invention, by controlling the type of excipient, the dose of excipient, And controlling the odor of the manure.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for predicting odor of a manure including the step of deriving a malodorous substance to be managed based on the odor contribution calculated by the method of predicting odor of a manure according to an embodiment of the present invention It provides a malodor control method.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include deriving the malodorous substance to be managed according to the composting or liquefying process.

As described above, according to the method of predicting the odor of the manure according to the present invention, the dose or the aeration amount of the excipient can be adjusted according to the actual odor and odor by controlling the odor based on the odor of the actual odorous substance. Also, the malodor substance to be managed can be derived using the odor contribution by each odor substance, or the optimum type of excipient can be selected by deriving the object to be managed by the composting or liquefying process step. Therefore, it is possible to economically and efficiently control the odor of the manure in the livestock farm, composting and liquefaction treatment facilities.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a malodor substance measuring device for measuring the type and concentration of malodorous substances generated in a composting facility or a liquefaction facility of manure; And

The concentration of each of the malodor substances measured is converted into the malodor intensity of each malodor substance based on the minimum concentration of malodor detection per odor substance and the odorant substance And analyzing means for analyzing the odor of the manure.

The means and means for measuring the type and concentration of the odor substances generated in the composting or liquefaction facilities of the animal husbandry farm, the manure, etc. may be an analysis system of GC / FPD, GC / MS, HPLC, UV / Vis spectrophotometer, Volatile compounds other than sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds may be TD / GC / MS devices. But the present invention is not limited thereto and may be a measurement and analyzer unit having various known analysis programs built therein.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the malodor substance analyzing means calculates a malodor contribution of the malodorous substance to the entire malodor based on the relative ratio of the intensity of each malodor substance among the total of the malodor intensity of the malodor substances , The concentration of at least one of the above-mentioned odor substances in the manure sample may be measured, and the level of odor of the manure may be analyzed based on the odor contribution of the malodor material.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the malodor substance measuring means can measure the relative odor level according to the process step by measuring the composting or liquefying process steps.

As described above, the present invention relates to a method for collecting samples of livestock breeding farms, composting and liquefaction stages and measuring the concentration, expected odor intensity, contribution to odor, etc. of substances having high contribution to animal offensive odor, The odor can be accurately predicted and controlled, and the accuracy of prediction of the odor level can be improved by analyzing the correlation with the sensory evaluation result of the human body.

Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

Example

1) Instrumental analysis of malodorous components with standard samples

The concentrations of odor - related components in air samples collected from livestock manure treatment facilities were measured using four kinds of analysis systems (GC / FPD, GC / MS, HPLC, UV / Vis spectrophotometer).

 1-1) GC / MS Using Volatile compounds  Analysis of ingredients

A primary standard (PS) of 98 ~ 99.7% level was purchased in solid and liquid state (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) to calibrate volatile fatty acids, phenols and indole components. Liquid working standards (L-WS) were then prepared to dilute the PS with methanol to a concentration of 5-100 ng / μL. For the calibration of these L-WS, a PEA bag filled with high purity (99.999%) nitrogen gas was connected to a multi-bed solid adsorption tube filled with 20 mg of Quartz wool and 80 mg of Carbopack C sequentially, and SIBATA mini pump And flowed at a flow rate of 100 mL / min for 3 minutes. At the same time, 1 μL of L-WS corresponding to each concentration was injected into a solid adsorption tube through which nitrogen gas flows, using a liquid syringe (SGE Analytical Science, Australia). Air samples from pig farms were sampled at a flow rate of 100 mL / min for 3 minutes using the same solid adsorption tube as the L-WS calibration, and analyzed by a combination of thermal desorption analyzer (TD) and GC / MS. Samples taken by solid adsorption columns were subjected to thermal desorption at 310 ° C. for 7 minutes and then cold trapped (CT) mixed with Quartz wool, Carbopack C and Carbopack B in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 1, Respectively. These samples were further subjected to thermal desorption at 330 ° C. for 5 minutes and then separated using a CP-Wax column (film thickness: 2.5 μm, diameter: 0.25 mm, length: 60 m, Agilent, USA) (80 캜 (5 min) - 20 캜 / min - 220 캜 (28 min)). The separated components were ionized by electron impact (EI) ionization at 70 eV and scanned by total ion chromatogram (TIC: 35-500 m / z range).

1-2) GC / FPD Of sulfur compounds

For the analysis of sulfur compounds, the original standard (PS, Rigas, Korea) with the target components adjusted to 30 ppm level was purchased from a cylinder. A 10-ppb gaseous working standard (G-WS) was then added to a 10-L capacity PEA bag in a way that PS (3.30 mL) was mixed with ultra-high purity (99.999%) nitrogen gas (9,996.70 mL) Were used for the experiment. These components were collected using a PEA bag using an analysis system that combines GC-FPD (Flame photometric detector, 200 series, Ellutia, UK) with a thermal desorber (Thermal desorber (TD), Unity, Markes International, Respectively. (Kim et al., 2014), which was prepared by mixing Carbopack B and Silica gel in a volume ratio of 1.5: 2.5 in the TD (Kim et al., 2014). The sulfur compounds adsorbed on the CT were detached at a high temperature of 270 ° C. for 10 minutes to induce the separation of the compound through a GC BP-1 column (film thickness = 5 μm, diameter = 0.32 mm, length = 60 m, SGE, Australia) . Through these processes, the individual components were detected at FPD at 250 ° C.

1-3) UV / Vis  Analysis of ammonia using spectrophotometer

Analysis of NH ₃ (ammonia) was carried out by applying indophenol method to measure the absorbance by coloring the sample. 5 L (2.5 L / min X 2 min) using a mini pump (MP-Σ300, SIBATA, Japan) was added to 50 mL of 5% boric acid solution to determine the concentration of NH _{3 in} the air sample collected by the PEA bag. Of the air sample. 10 mL of the boric acid solution in which the sample was absorbed was collected. Then, 5 mL of a phenol-nitroprusside solution and a sodium hypochlorite solution were added thereto, and color development was induced at room temperature for about 1 hour. The absorbance was measured using a UV / VIS spectrophotometer (Model Genesys 10 series, Thermo Scientific, USA) at a wavelength of 635 nm.

1-4) Not having a standard sample VOC  How to quantify components

Among the air samples collected from the livestock manure treatment plant, the quantitative method for 4-ethylphenol, which does not have a standard sample, was quantified by applying the estimation method based on the effective carbon number (Szulejko et al., 2013). In order to apply this method, we first derive the relationship from the number of carbon (C) and the response factor (the slope of the peak area to the mass of the analytes injected) of the components with the standard sample. This is a method of estimating the RF value by applying the components without the standard sample.

Table 1 shows the concentrations of odorous substances in the compost and livestock fields according to the method described above.

Using the results of the analysis of the malodor materials shown in Table 1, the odor intensity was converted into the odor intensity according to the malodor substance by dividing the minimum odor concentration per substance (Nagata, 2003). The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 3 shows the odor contribution by treatment stage in the compost and livestock fields.

As shown in Table 3, the levels of the odorous substances in the samples were different depending on the odor substances. Based on the results, it is possible to predict the level of odor substances generated by the treatment processes in the facilities for composting and liquefying livestock manure In order to reduce odor complaints, it is necessary to compare the concentrations of odorous components to identify the substances to be managed by the livestock manure treatment facility and the treatment process.

2) Air dilution sensory method  Calculate dilution factor of complex odor through

The air dilution sensory method calculates a dilution-to-threshold ratio (D / T ratio) corresponding to a threshold level of detection by diluting a certain amount of the air sample causing odor in stages with odorless air Method. This method corresponds to a method of evaluating the odor intensity that can be sensed by the human body based on the sensory method, together with the instrumental analysis, when various individual odorous substances exist in the form of a single substance or a mixture.

All procedures for estimating the dilution factor were based on the criteria presented in the odor process test method (National Institute of Environmental Research, 2007). First, five malodor determination agents to participate in the air dilution sensory evaluation method were selected according to the criteria presented in the malodor processing test method. Odorless air to be used in the sensory test method was prepared by passing general air through an absorber and an adsorbent of an odorless air producing apparatus (TOP Trading Eng., Korea). The odorless air thus prepared was injected into a 3 L capacity polyethylene telephthalate film and a total of 3 odor bags were prepared as one set for judging the suitability of each judgment agent. Thereafter, a predetermined amount (10 mL at first) of the sample containing the odor component was injected into one odor bag of three odor packs with a syringe to dilute the odor (in this case, the dilution ratio: 300 times). A total of five sets were prepared so that each of the judges could distinguish between odorless air and odor bag injected with the sample.

When more than half (over 3 in 5) of the judges identified the odor bag injected with the sample, the dilution rate of the next step was increased by about 3 or 10 times (1,000, 3,000, 10,000 times). Finally, the test was conducted until the time when the judge of less than 1 judge decided. Conversely, if the ratio was not exceeded, the dilution ratio was decreased by about 3 times (100, 30 times), and the process was continued until more than half of the cases were met. Each dilution factor obtained from five judges was calculated as the final dilution factor by processing the geometric mean of the remaining values except the maximum and minimum values. That is, the higher the dilution ratio of the complex odor, the more the concentration of odorless air must be diluted to reach the critical point of the odor detection. These dilution drainage data were applied to evaluate the characteristics of odor reduction in combination with the concentration of individual components obtained by instrumental analysis. Table 4 shows the results of evaluating the odor intensity for the samples taken from the composting area and the livestock field.

As shown in Table 4, the odor intensity of the samples collected from the composting and livestock composting facilities was 0.20 ~ 0.5 lower than that of the sensory evaluation in the liquefaction facilities, And 0.20 ~ 0.3 in the instrument analysis.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The present invention can be variously modified and changed by those skilled in the art, and it is also within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

Measuring the type and concentration of odorous substances generated in a composting or liquefaction facility of a cattle breeding farm, manure or the like by composting or liquefaction treatment steps;
Converting the concentration of each of the measured malodor substances into the malodor intensity of each of the malodor substances based on the minimum concentration of the malodor detection per odor substance; And
And estimating odor levels of the manure based on the odor intensity of the odor substances,
In the composting facility, the odor level is estimated to be lower than the odor level by 0.2 to 0.3 compared with the device analysis. In the liquefaction facility, the odor level is estimated to be 0.2 to 0.5 higher than the odor level by the device analysis, The method comprising the steps of: The method according to claim 1,
And calculating the odor contribution of each odor substance to the total odor based on the relative ratio of the respective odor substance intensities to the total odor intensity of the odor substance. 3. The method of claim 2,
And measuring the concentration of at least one of the malodorous substances in the sample of the manure to predict the overall odor level of the manure based on the malodor contribution of the malodorous material. The method of claim 3,
Wherein the odorant material measured in the manure sample is selected based on the contribution of the odor to the manure. delete The method according to claim 1,
And predicting odor levels of the composting or liquefying process based on relative odor levels of the composting or liquefaction treatment steps. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the composting or liquefaction treatment step includes at least one of a manure bring-in step, an manure treatment intermediate step, and a manure completion step. The method according to claim 1,
The malodorous substance may be at least one selected from the group consisting of propionic acid, butyric acid, I-butyric acid, valeric acid, I-valeric acid, phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, scatole, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, And ammonia. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 11. < / RTI > delete delete 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises predicting the odor of the manure according to the odor level predicted by the odor prediction method of the manure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, And controlling the odor of the manure. A method for controlling odor of a manure, comprising the step of deriving a malodor to be managed based on the malodor contribution calculated by the method of predicting odor of a manure according to claim 2. 13. The method of claim 12,
Further comprising the step of deriving the to-be-managed odor substances by the composting or liquefaction treatment step. Means for measuring the type and concentration of the odorous substances generated in the composting or liquefaction facilities of the animal husbandry farm, the manure, and the odorous substance measuring means for the composting or liquefaction treatment steps; And
The concentration of each of the malodor substances measured is converted into the malodor intensity of each malodor substance based on the minimum concentration of malodor detection per odor substance and the odorant substance And means for analyzing,
In the composting facility, the odor level of the manure is lower than the odor level of the analyzing means by 0.2 to 0.3. In the liquefaction facility, the odor level of the manure is 0.2 to 0.5 higher than the odor level by the analyzing means. Odor prediction system for livestock manure. 15. The method of claim 14,
The malodor analysis means comprises:
The odor contribution of each odor substance to the total odor is calculated on the basis of the relative ratio of the intensity of each odor substance in the total sum of the odor intensity by the odor substance, An apparatus for predicting the odor of a manure that analyzes the odor level of the manure based on the odor contribution of the material. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15,
Wherein the malodor substance measuring means measures the relative odor level in each of the processing stages by measuring the composting or liquefying treatment steps.

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