KR101611566B1 - 3D Metal Printing Apparatus And Printing Method Using the Same - Google Patents

3D Metal Printing Apparatus And Printing Method Using the Same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101611566B1
KR101611566B1 KR1020150094256A KR20150094256A KR101611566B1 KR 101611566 B1 KR101611566 B1 KR 101611566B1 KR 1020150094256 A KR1020150094256 A KR 1020150094256A KR 20150094256 A KR20150094256 A KR 20150094256A KR 101611566 B1 KR101611566 B1 KR 101611566B1
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
metal
stage
nozzle
dimensional
formate solution
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KR1020150094256A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
신보성
홍성무
안석영
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부산대학교 산학협력단
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    • B29C67/0085—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B29C67/0088—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus which can rapidly manufacture a three-dimensional metal product of a random shape through a path according to three-dimensional CAD data by using a hydrothermal method locally educing metal by heat, when focusing light to a metal formate solution discharged through a nozzle and exposing the same, or focusing a laser beam to a metal formate solution in a storage tank, and to a printing method using the same. The three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a stage; a material supply means supplying a liquid metal formate solution in which metal ions are dissolved therein to the stage; and a laser irradiator radiating a laser beam to the stage, and educing metal by a local thermal-chemical reaction in the metal formate solution supplied to the stage.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus and a printing method using the same,

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional metal printing technique, and more particularly, to a three-dimensional metal printing technique, in which a liquid formate solution in which a metal is ionized is locally precipitated by laser irradiation, Dimensional metal printing apparatus and a printing method using the same.

The conventional printer device is to perform a two-dimensional printing by performing a predetermined printing on a flat sheet material or a flat surface of a solid material, but recently, a three-dimensional surface (e.g., a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, A three-dimensional printer capable of printing an object having various curved surfaces (e.g., various curved surfaces) is developed and used.

Three-dimensional printers currently in use include FDM-based 3D printers and SLA, SLS, and DLP-based 3D printers.

The FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method, which is commonly used, is a method of melting a thin filament-like thermoplastic material in a nozzle and outputting it as a thin film, printing a three-dimensional solid shape while stacking one layer at a time, 3D printers have inherent limitations in melting thermoplastics, making it difficult to obtain a smooth surface, and materials are limited to the polymer family.

The SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) method is a selective laser sintering method. In this method, the material to be solidified is in the form of powder, and when a laser is selectively applied to the powder applied to the bed, It is the way it is made.

In addition, the SLA (Stereo Lithography Apparatus) method is a method in which a laser is projected onto a water tank containing a photo-curable liquid resin to cure it. The support for supporting the printed matter and the printed material is formed on a building platform, As each building platform moves, it presents the next location to accumulate, resulting in the completion of a 3D printing print on the building platform.

However, this SLA method is relatively more accurate than the FDM method, but has a disadvantage in that the material is limited and the amount of wasted resin is large.

In addition, the DLP (Digital Light Processing) method is a method of projecting light of a shape to be shaped by using a beam projector to a liquid photocurable resin, and curing the resin in a projected shape.

SLM (Selective Laser Melting) method and DED (Directed Energy Deposition) method are used as a direct printing method of metal. SLM method is a method of forming a product by sintering powder by exposing a laser to a metal powder type bed , And the DED method is a method in which a metal is directly melted and deposited by laser deposition to form a metal product. These two methods are most often used for outputting a three-dimensional metal product.

However, all of these conventional metal printing methods require a high energy laser output and there is a problem of waste of material. In addition, the most disadvantage of such a conventional metal printing method is that a vacuum chamber is required or the configuration of an auxiliary device for preventing oxidation is very difficult and there are many limitations on the size of the product.

Published Patent No. 10-2012-0128171 (Published on November 27, 2012) Published Japanese Patent Application No. 10-2015-0047866 (published May 5, 2015) Open Patent No. 10-2015-0042632 (published on April 21, 2015)

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of forming a three dimensional (3D) solid body by using a hydrothermal method in which metal is precipitated locally by irradiating a metal formate solution, Dimensional metal printing apparatus and a printing method using the same, which can improve the oxidation process, the reduction of the surface quality, and the metal printing processing technology which requires high energy. There is a purpose.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for concentrating a laser beam on a metal formate solution discharged through a nozzle and exposing the laser beam to a metal formate solution in a storage tank or by using a hydrothermal method in which metal is locally precipitated by heat A three-dimensional metal printing apparatus and a printing method using the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus capable of rapidly manufacturing a three-dimensional arbitrary shape metal product through a path by three-dimensional CAD data.

A three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to the present invention includes: a stage; A material supply means for supplying a liquid metal formate solution in which metal ions are dissolved to the stage; And a laser irradiator for irradiating the stage with a laser beam to deposit a metal by a local thermo-chemical reaction in the metal formate solution supplied to the stage.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional metal printing method comprising the steps of: (a) supplying a liquid metal formate solution in which metal ions are dissolved on a top surface of a stage; (b) irradiating the metal formate solution supplied to the stage with a laser beam to precipitate the metal by a local thermochemical reaction in the metal formate solution to form a three-dimensional shape.

According to the present invention, a desired metal solid object can be produced by irradiating a laser beam onto a metal formate solution on a stage and continuously depositing metal while changing a relative position between the stage and the laser irradiator through a path by three- have.

The three-dimensional metal printing method of the present invention does not require a layer to be formed in a plane parallel to the stage and output the layer in a direction perpendicular to the running surface of the shape, so that a supporter is unnecessary.

In addition, when the three-dimensional metal printing method according to the present invention is used, a smooth surface in units of micrometers can be obtained, and additional structures such as supporters are not needed, so that the method can be used immediately without removing the supporter.

1 is a plan view illustrating the principle of a three-dimensional metal printing method according to the present invention.
2 is a front view illustrating the principle of a three-dimensional metal printing method according to the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
7A and 7B are views showing a comparison between the three-dimensional object made by the conventional three-dimensional metal printing apparatus and the three-dimensional object made by the three-dimensional printing apparatus of the present invention. Dimensional metal printing apparatus, and Fig. 7 (b) is a three-dimensional object made by the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus and a printing method using the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 are diagrams for explaining the principle of a three-dimensional metal printing method according to the present invention. In the three-dimensional metal printing method of the present invention, a liquid metal formate solution (metal the metal formate solution supplied to the stage 1 is irradiated with a laser beam to precipitate the metal by a local thermo-chemical reaction in the metal formate solution And is characterized by a hydrothermal method.

For this purpose, the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of the present invention includes a method of supplying a metal formate solution to a necessary portion on the stage 1 by a predetermined amount through nozzles (see FIGS. 3 and 4), a stage (See FIGS. 5 and 6) in which the metal foams 1 are completely immersed in a bath containing a metal formate solution to supply a metal formate solution to the stage (see FIGS. 5 and 6), thereby performing a three-dimensional printing process .

3, a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus using a method of feeding a metal formate solution M by a predetermined amount onto a stage 1 via a nozzle 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of this embodiment includes a nozzle 2 for supplying a predetermined amount of a metal formate solution M to the upper side of a stage 1 and a nozzle 2 arranged coaxially with the nozzle 2, And a laser irradiator 3 for irradiating a laser beam through the inside thereof.

The central axis of the nozzle 2 is vertically arranged with respect to the upper surface of the stage 1 and discharges the metal formate solution M by a predetermined amount through the tip portion (lower end portion). A beam guide channel 21 through which a ray spot beam irradiated through the laser irradiator 3 passes is provided coaxially with the nozzle 2 at an inner central portion of the nozzle 2.

The type of the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiator 3 is not limited to a specific laser beam but may include an optical system for processing the raw laser beam. The optical system may include a plurality of mirrors and lenses to adjust the ray point beam as desired.

The laser beam emitted from the laser irradiator 3 is irradiated to the metal formate solution M discharged from the tip of the nozzle 2 through the beam guide channel 21 provided at the center of the nozzle 2, Similarly, a local thermochemical reaction by the laser beam occurs in the metal formate solution (M), and the metal precipitates. The precipitated metal is laminated by adjusting the relative position between the stage 1 and the laser irradiator 3 to form a three-dimensional shape.

The metal formate solution M is discharged by a predetermined amount to a necessary portion of the stage 1 through the nozzle 2 as described above and the laser beam is irradiated to the discharged metal formate solution M to form a three- It is preferable to heat the nozzle 2 so that metal precipitation in the metal formate solution M discharged through the nozzle 2 can proceed more smoothly. For this, a heater 22 such as a hot wire may be installed on the outer surface of the nozzle 2.

The relative position adjustment between the laser irradiator 3 and the stage 1 can be performed by adjusting the laser irradiation device 3 in the horizontal and vertical directions (X and Y directions) (X-axis direction) and the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) using a linear motion device in a state in which the laser irradiation device 3 is fixed, Can be accomplished,

At this time, the laser irradiator 3 and the nozzle 2 may be mounted on the same structure connected to the linear motion device and moved together, or may be fixed together at any position on the stage 1. [

The linear motion system for horizontally moving or raising and lowering the laser irradiator 3 or the stage 1 includes a linear motor system, a linear motion system using a ball screw and a motor, a linear motion system using a plurality of pulleys and a power transmission belt, System, a gear set consisting of a plurality of gears such as a pinion gear and a rack gear, and a linear motion system using a motor. Anyone skilled in the art will understand that, So that detailed description of the construction and operation will be omitted.

The three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of the present invention having the above structure discharges a predetermined amount of the metal formate solution M onto the stage 1 through the nozzles 2, The laser beam is focused on the formate solution M to deposit and deposit a metal in the metal formate solution M so that the laser beam 3 and the stage 1 are preliminarily input to the controller of the printing apparatus The three-dimensional metal product is manufactured by laminating metal printed bonds in a desired shape while relatively moving along the path by the three-dimensional CAD data.

On the other hand, in the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of this embodiment, the axis of the ray spot beam emitted from the laser irradiator 3 is arranged coaxially with the axis of the nozzle 2 so that the laser beam is irradiated through the center portion of the nozzle 2 However, as shown in another embodiment in Fig. 4, the axis of the nozzle 2 and the axis of the laser beam may be arranged on the non-coaxial axis.

That is, in the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of this embodiment, the axis of the nozzle 2 is installed so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical direction, and the laser irradiator 3 is installed to the stage 1 to emit the laser beam in the vertical direction And the laser beam is irradiated to the metal formate solution M discharged from the outside of the nozzle 2 through the tip of the nozzle 2 to deposit the metal.

The embodiments of the above-described three-dimensional metal printing apparatus all exemplify a method of discharging a certain amount of metal formate solution M to a necessary portion of the upper surface of the stage 1 through the nozzle 2 and irradiating the laser beam with the metal formate solution M .

However, it is also possible to completely immerse the stage 1 in a bath containing a metal formate solution M as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 to supply the metal formate solution M to the stage 1 .

The three-dimensional metal printing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is provided with a stage 1 in a material reservoir 4 in which a liquid metal metal formate solution in which metal ions are dissolved is placed, (3) for irradiating a laser beam onto the stage (1) is provided on the upper side of the stage (4).

When the stage 1 is thus installed in a locked state in the metal foam solution M in the material reservoir 4 and the metal formate solution M is always present on the stage 1, 3 irradiate the laser beam at the designated position on the stage 1, the metal is precipitated in the metal formate solution M on the stage 1. [

At this time, a desired three-dimensional object can be produced while the stage 1 and the laser irradiator 3 move relative to each other in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) and the horizontal direction (X-Y-axis direction)

To this end, the laser irradiator 3 or the stage 1 is configured to be movable in the horizontal direction (XY direction) by means of a linear motion device to adjust the relative position in the horizontal direction between the laser irradiator 3 and the stage 1 The laser irradiator 3 or the stage 1 is provided so as to move up and down by a linear motion device for generating a linear motion force in the vertical direction so that the relative height between the laser irradiator 3 and the stage 1 is adjusted .

The embodiment of the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is such that the laser irradiator 3 is arranged on the upper part of the stage 1, but the laser irradiator 3 is arranged on the lower side of the material reservoir 4 And may irradiate the laser beam from the lower side of the material reservoir 4 toward the stage 1. [ In this case, the material reservoir 4 is made of transparent or translucent light-transmitting material.

In order to adjust the relative height between the stage 1 and the laser irradiator 3, the stage 1 is installed so as to be movable up and down in the material reservoir 4 by a known linear motion device. At this time, the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiator 3 is focused on the bottom of the material reservoir 4 to form a metallic solid object.

5, it is not necessary to continue to replenish the metal formate solution M in the material reservoir 4 during the printing process beyond the shape of the molded object, or to eliminate the need for an additional process .

Meanwhile, the three-dimensional metal printing method using the three-dimensional metal printing apparatus of the present invention as described above is a principle in which metal is precipitated by a thermo-chemical reaction in a metal formate solution (M) solution, The metal pattern is formed by the reduction of the liquid metal. At this time, the energy source necessary for metal reduction can be provided by the laser beam. Generally, in order to precipitate ions in the electrolyte, an electron exchange process needs to be performed, and a reducing agent for supplying electrons to metal ions is included in the electrolyte to lower the activation energy. In the present invention, a metal formate solution (M) to provide a partial activation energy source to allow selective metal precipitation.

The metal formate solution (M) used in the three-dimensional printing of the present invention can be prepared by reacting lithium formate-water (LiCHO 2 ), sodium formate-water (NaCHO 2 ), potassium formate-water (KCHO 2 ), rubidium formate- 2), Cesium formate-water ( CsCHO 2), Thallium formate-water (TlCHO 2), Ammonium formate-water (NH 4 CHO 2), Magnesium formate-water (Mg (CHO 2) 2), Calcium formate-water ( Ca (CHO 2) 2), Strontium formate-water (Sr (CHO 2) 2), Barium formate-water (Ba (CHO 2) 2), Manganese formate-water (Mn (CHO 2) 2), Iron formate- water (Fe (CHO 2) 2 ), Cobalt formate-water (Co (CHO 2) 2), Nickel formate-water (Ni (CHO 2) 2), Copper formate-water (Cu (CHO 2) 2), Zinc formate-water (Zn (CHO 2 ) 2 ), and Cadmium formate-water (Cd (CHO 2 ) 2 ).

The metal formate solution (M) may be used by mixing a neutralizing agent and a reducing agent as required.

When the metal formate solution (M) is irradiated with a laser beam to continuously deposit metal to form a three-dimensional object, the deposition rate and quality of the metal precipitate are controlled, A method of appropriately controlling the pH of the mate solution solution, the solution temperature, the metal ion concentration, and the reaction control substances such as the neutralizing agent can be used.

The three-dimensional metal printing method of the present invention does not need to form a layer with a plane parallel to the stage 1 and output it in a direction perpendicular to the running surface of the shape, so that no extra supporter is required (see FIG. 7 ).

In addition, when the three-dimensional metal printing method according to the present invention is used, a smooth surface in units of microns can be obtained, and additional structures such as supporters are not necessary, so that it can be used immediately without removing the supporter. It is expected that this will be more useful due to the nature of the material being metal.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1: stage 2: nozzle
21: beam guide channel 22: heater
3: laser irradiator 4: material storage tank
M: Metal formate solution

Claims (14)

A stage (1);
A nozzle 2 for discharging a liquid metal formate solution in which metal ions are dissolved on the upper surface of the stage 1 on the upper side of the stage 1;
A laser irradiator 3 for irradiating a laser beam onto the stage 1 to deposit a metal by a local thermochemical reaction in a metal formate solution discharged onto the stage 1 through the nozzle 2;
And a heater (22) installed on the nozzle (2) to heat the metal foam solution by heating the nozzle (2)
Characterized in that the axis of the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiator (3) is at an angle with the axis of the nozzle (2) so that the laser beam is irradiated to the metal formate solution from the outside of the nozzle (2) Printing device. delete delete delete The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser irradiator (3), the nozzle (2), or the stage (1) are horizontally movable by a linear motion device for generating a linear motion force in a horizontal direction Wherein a relative position between the laser irradiator (3), the nozzle (2), and the stage (1) is variable. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the laser irradiator (3), the nozzle (2), or the stage (1) are vertically movable by a linear motion device for generating a linear motion force in a vertical direction, 3), the nozzle (2), and the stage (1). delete delete delete delete A three-dimensional metal printing method using a three-dimensional metal printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 5, and 6,
(a) supplying a liquid metal formate solution in which metal ions are dissolved to the upper surface of the stage 1;
(b) irradiating the metal formate solution supplied to the stage 1 with a laser beam to precipitate the metal by a local thermal-chemical reaction in the metal formate solution to form a three-dimensional shape,
In the step (a), the metal foamate solution is supplied through the tip of the nozzle 2 disposed close to the upper surface of the stage 1. In the step (b), the nozzle 2 and the laser irradiator 3 ) Relative to the stage (1) in a vertical direction or a horizontal direction to form a three-dimensional shape. The method according to claim 11, wherein in the step (b), the stage (1) and the laser irradiator (3) are moved relative to each other in the horizontal direction (XY direction) Wherein the irradiation position of the laser beam is varied to deposit a metal in a specific three-dimensional shape. delete delete
KR1020150094256A 2015-07-01 2015-07-01 3D Metal Printing Apparatus And Printing Method Using the Same KR101611566B1 (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018005038A1 (en) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Low melting temperature metal purification and deposition
KR20180076660A (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-06 부산대학교 산학협력단 Nozzle apparatus for 3D metal printer
KR20190103531A (en) 2018-02-14 2019-09-05 한국기계연구원 Method for manufacturing metal parts embedded with electronic components and electronic components embedded metal part manufactured by the method
KR20200065304A (en) 2018-11-30 2020-06-09 한국기계연구원 A metal part comprising electronic components with non-continuous microstructure layer and its manufacturing method
KR20200130771A (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-20 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 Powder container for reducing thermal strain and metal 3D printer comprising the same
US10864730B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2020-12-15 Enjet Co. Ltd. Electrohydrodynamic printing apparatus
KR20230081261A (en) 2021-11-30 2023-06-07 부산대학교 산학협력단 Micro/Nano Metal printing method and the apparatus using of it
KR102659412B1 (en) * 2021-11-30 2024-04-19 부산대학교 산학협력단 Micro/Nano Metal printing method and the apparatus using of it

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US20140015172A1 (en) * 2011-03-25 2014-01-16 Bae Systems Plc Additive layer manufacturing

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140015172A1 (en) * 2011-03-25 2014-01-16 Bae Systems Plc Additive layer manufacturing

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018005038A1 (en) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Low melting temperature metal purification and deposition
US10916761B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2021-02-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Low melting temperature metal purification and deposition
KR20180076660A (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-06 부산대학교 산학협력단 Nozzle apparatus for 3D metal printer
KR102064034B1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2020-01-08 부산대학교 산학협력단 Nozzle apparatus for 3D metal printer
KR20190103531A (en) 2018-02-14 2019-09-05 한국기계연구원 Method for manufacturing metal parts embedded with electronic components and electronic components embedded metal part manufactured by the method
KR20200065304A (en) 2018-11-30 2020-06-09 한국기계연구원 A metal part comprising electronic components with non-continuous microstructure layer and its manufacturing method
US10864730B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2020-12-15 Enjet Co. Ltd. Electrohydrodynamic printing apparatus
KR20200130771A (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-20 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 Powder container for reducing thermal strain and metal 3D printer comprising the same
KR102183858B1 (en) 2019-04-30 2020-11-27 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 Powder container for reducing thermal strain and metal 3D printer comprising the same
KR20230081261A (en) 2021-11-30 2023-06-07 부산대학교 산학협력단 Micro/Nano Metal printing method and the apparatus using of it
KR102659412B1 (en) * 2021-11-30 2024-04-19 부산대학교 산학협력단 Micro/Nano Metal printing method and the apparatus using of it

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