KR101605476B1 - Microphone For Sound Measurements - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, disclosed is a microphone for measuring sound comprising: a plate-shaped vibrating member which has elasticity by air and is configured to be bent; a case at an upper part of which the vibrating member is laminated to form a recessed groove which forms an air layer between the vibrating member and the case and is coupled to an upper part so the vibrating member can vibrate by the air; a first electrode which is disposed in an upper direction in the inside of the recessed groove; a second electrode which is formed at a position opposite to the first electrode on the vibrating member; and a vibration detecting unit which applies voltages of different polarities to the first electrode and the second electrode and senses a vibration of the vibrating member by detecting a change of capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode. The microphone attenuates the vibration of the vibrating member through a flow of air which exists in the air layer when the vibrating member vibrates.

Description

Microphone For Sound Measurements < RTI ID = 0.0 >

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a microphone for voice measurement, and more particularly, to a microphone for voice measurement capable of precisely detecting vibration of a diaphragm and accurately measuring the strength and direction of voice.

The most important feature of the microphone is the ability to amplify the sound and measure the directionality of the sound.

As for the function of amplifying the sound, there is no great problem since many studies have been carried out from the past. However, as for the function of measuring the directionality of sound, in the conventional technology, two independent microphones The distance is measured to measure the direction of sound by measuring the difference of sound pressure and the phase difference of sound wave according to the direction of sound wave. At this time, if the distances between the two microphones are very close, their signals become very similar and it is almost impossible to find the direction of sound.

Particularly, in the case of low frequency sound, it is more difficult to distinguish the sound wave phase because of the long wavelength. For this reason, miniaturization of a microphone having a directional function is limited.

An object of the present invention is to solve the problem of a conventional microphone, and more particularly, to a microphone for voice measurement capable of detecting the vibration of an oscillating member vibrating by voice by position, .

According to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, there is provided a vibration member comprising a vibration member having a plate shape and having elasticity by a sound wave and capable of causing bending, an air layer formed between the vibration member and the vibration member A case which is formed with a recessed groove and which is coupled to an upper portion of the recessed groove so as to allow the vibrating member to vibrate by a sound wave, a first electrode arranged in an upper direction in the recessed groove, And a second electrode formed at a corresponding position to apply a voltage of a different polarity to the first electrode and the second electrode, And a vibration sensing unit that senses a change in capacitance between the second electrodes and senses the vibration of the vibration member And air existing in the air layer flows when the vibration member vibrates, thereby attenuating vibration of the vibration member.

In addition, the case may include an engaging protrusion formed so as to protrude upward in the recessed groove and seated at the upper end of the oscillating member, and the oscillating member may be oscillatable by an external force about the center in the transverse direction And the coupling protrusions are formed to be opposed to the coupling protrusions.

The coupling protrusion and the coupling portion may have elasticity and may be integrally formed so that the vibration member is oscillated with a predetermined attenuation.

And a hinge portion protruding in both directions along the transverse direction of the vibration member and acting as a pivot when the vibration member vibrates, wherein a torsion is generated, and the hinge portion is provided between the vibration member and the recessed groove And the air layer is formed.

The vibration member may include at least one communication hole formed to allow air to communicate therewith.

In addition, the communication hole may control a plurality of sizes or numbers of air holes to adjust attenuation of air passing through the communication holes.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following effects.

First, the vibration of the vibration member vibrating by the sound wave is measured for each position, and the strength and position of the sound wave are measured through the measured value, thereby miniaturizing the microphone and measuring the voice direction simultaneously.

Secondly, each of the pair of electrodes is provided on a vibrating member that vibrates by a sound wave and a case that supports the vibrating member, and vibrations of the vibrating member can be sensed more precisely through a change in capacitance between the electrodes.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

1 is a diagram illustrating an auditory structure of Ormia ocheracea according to the prior art;
Figure 2 shows a hearing structure of Ormia ocheracea of Figure 1 as a mechanical system;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing data experimented with changing the attenuation ratio of the eardrum in the auditory structure of Ormia ocheracea of FIG. 1; FIG.
4 is a perspective view schematically showing a microphone according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state where a sound wave is transmitted to the microphone of FIG. 4 and vibrates; FIG.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a vibration member in the microphone of FIG. 4; FIG.
7 is a perspective view schematically showing a microphone according to a second embodiment of the present invention; And
8 is a view showing a state in which the vibration member vibrates in the microphone of FIG.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it is not intended to limit the invention to any particular form but to facilitate a more thorough understanding of the present invention.

In the following description of the present embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and symbols, and further description thereof will be omitted.

Prior to describing the microphone 100 according to the present invention, a conventional implementation model US Patent No. 7,826,629 has been reviewed and the attenuation (hereinafter referred to as 'Cs') generated by the hinge portion and the vibration member has been critically attenuated damping, ie whether the attenuation ratio should be close to 1.

In the model according to the US patent, the case is opened to the lower side so that attenuation due to the fluid does not occur and only the attenuation due to the twisting of the hinge and the bending of the vibration member exists.

Thus, even though this US figure was evaluated as the most advanced model of the hearing model of Ormia ochracea, it did not implement critical damping like Ormia ochracea, so it showed the difference of vibration between the eardrums like Ormia ochracea I did not.

Other studies have also failed to achieve optimum attenuation, or critical damping, because the orchestration of Ormia ochracea does not have the same performance.

Therefore, the biggest problem for implementing the auditory model of the Ormia ochracea is how to implement the critical damping expressed in the preset value in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the auditory structure of Ormia ocheracea shown in FIG. 1 as a mechanical system, FIG. 3 is a graph showing data experimented by changing the attenuation ratio of the eardrum in the auditory structure of Ormia ocheracea of FIG. 1, (B) shows the case where Cs is attenuated by 10 times the critical attenuation. (C) shows the case where the attenuation is attenuated by 0.1 times the critical attenuation.

First, the method of measuring the direction of the auditory structure of Ormia ochracea is as follows. The equation of motion for the auditory structure of Ormia ochracea is as follows.

Based on the above equation, when the sound waves of 5 kHz reach the same size of each eardrum of Ormia ochracea with 2.5 μsec inter-aural time difference (ITD), the eardrum has a phase difference of 50 μsec and a difference of 10 dB Each has to oscillate.

This is because the two eardrums of the Ormia ochracea are coupled mechanical systems based on two types of vibration modes: bending mode and rocking mode.

Here, the bending mode refers to a case where bending occurs at a hinge portion connecting both eardrums, and the rocking mode means that a hinge portion is twisted.

On the other hand, due to the coupling and damping through the hinge portion, the rotation of the side eardrum to which the sound wave is first applied partially causes the other side eardrum to rotate in the same direction, and the same sound wave reaches the other side eardrum The effect of reducing the amount of rotation due to this occurs.

As a result, even if the sound waves are transmitted to the both eardrums with the same size, the eardrum that has received the sound waves first by the attenuation and coupling sounds at relatively higher intensity, and the direction of the sound waves is measured.

In order to construct a microphone that can recognize the direction of a sound wave using this principle, it is necessary to implement coupling attenuation of both eardrums.

Referring to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, coupling damping (hereinafter referred to as 'Ct') between the eardrum in the auditory model of Ormia ochracea requires the material itself to attenuate, , And it can be seen that the difference between the magnitudes of the vibration magnitudes is very large when the values of Cs are in critical damping and the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes of the magnitudes are compared.

Here, the point showing the greatest difference appears at a resonance frequency of about 7 kHz when rocking occurs in the hinge portion.

In addition, since Ct is assumed to be 0, the vibration difference between the right and left beams rapidly decreases when the resonance frequency when bending of the vibration member occurs, approaching approximately 30 kHz. According to the results of this analysis, Cs indicates critical damping, that is, the attenuation ratio should be close to 1, in order to clearly implement the acoustic sensing function through the auditory model of the Ormia ochracea.

The microphone according to the first embodiment of the present invention will now be described based on the above description.

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 6, the configuration of a microphone according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be schematically described below.

4 is a perspective view schematically showing a microphone according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a sound wave transmitted to a microphone of FIG. 4 to vibrate, FIG. 6 is a cross- 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a vibration member in a microphone. Fig.

The microphone according to the present invention is capable of sensing the vibration of an oscillating member oscillated by a sound wave and simultaneously detecting the position of a source where a sound wave is generated. The microphone includes a vibrating member 100, a case 200, 300).

The vibrating member 100 is formed in the form of a thin plate and is configured to vibrate by the generated sound waves, thereby serving as a medium for measuring the direction of a sound wave.

Specifically, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the vibration member 100 is manufactured through a microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process, but is not limited thereto.

The vibration member 100 constructed as described above has elasticity by air and can generate bending, so that vibration is generated by a sound wave, at least a part of the vibration is elastic, and vibration and sound waves are attenuated.

The vibration member 100 includes a plate member 110, a hinge 120, and a communication hole 130 as shown in FIG.

The plate member 110 is formed to be thin in a plate shape and configured to have elasticity in combination with the case 200 described later so as to be vibrated by external sound waves.

When a sound wave acts on the plate member 110, the plate member 110 vibrates and flexes to attenuate vibration.

In the present embodiment, the plate member 110 has a rectangular shape and is provided with the hinge portion 120 protruded to correspond to each other.

Specifically, the hinge unit 120 is formed to protrude in both directions along the transverse direction of the vibration member 100, and acts to act as a rotation axis when vibrating the plate member 110, and to be distorted.

The hinge unit 120 couples the plate member 110 and the case 200 to the case 200 so that the plate member 110 can be vibrated by a sound wave. Here, an air layer is formed between the plate member 110 and the case 200 by the hinge portion 120.

In the present embodiment, the hinge unit 120 may be formed integrally with the plate member 110, and when the plate member 110 is vibrated by a sound wave, twisting occurs, The vibration of the plate member 110 is attenuated.

The hinge portion 120 is formed on both sides of the central portion of the plate member 110 and serves as a central axis of vibration when the plate member 110 vibrates.

That is, when the plate member 110 vibrates due to sound waves, the plate member 110 vibrates about the hinge unit 120, and the hinge unit 120 is twisted to reduce vibration of the plate member 110 .

Meanwhile, the communication hole 130 communicates with the plate member 110 in the up-and-down direction to attenuate vibration of the plate member 110 vibrating in response to applied sound waves.

Specifically, the communication hole 130 serves as a passage through which the air existing in the air layer formed between the case 200 and the plate member 110 passes when the plate member 110 vibrates.

As the communication hole 130 is formed as described above, the air bubbles of the plate member 110 and the twist of the hinge part 120 during the passage of the air through the communication hole 130 To attenuate the vibrations of the plate member 110. [0035]

The attenuation due to the plate member 110, the hinge portion 120 and the upper communication hole 130 during the vibration of the vibration member 100 is reduced by the critical attenuation, that is, the attenuation ratio by the vibration member 100 1 < / RTI >

As described above, the attenuation by the vibration member 100 is attenuated by the bending of the plate member 110, the attenuation due to the twisting of the hinge unit 120, and the attenuation due to the movement through the communication hole 130 The attenuation includes attenuation from the air layer, and attenuation can be controlled through each material and elastic deformation.

Also, by adjusting the size and the number of the communication holes 130, the attenuation of vibration of the entire vibration member 100 can be adjusted to approach the critical attenuation.

In the present invention, at least one of the communication holes 130 is formed to communicate with the plate member 110, and may be formed as a plurality as shown in the figure.

The communication hole 130 may be configured to control the attenuation of the air passing through the plurality of sizes or numbers.

The vibration member 100 according to the present invention includes the plate member 110, the hinge unit 120 and the communication hole 130, and the vibration member 100 is attenuated So that the ratio becomes 1.

The case 200 according to the present invention is configured such that the vibrating member 100 is coupled to the hinge 120 so that the vibrating member 100 can oscillate about the hinge 120. The vibrating member 100 is stacked on top of the vibrating member 100, A recess 210 is formed in which the vibration member 100 is vibratably coupled.

The recessed recess 210 is recessed with a predetermined depth on the upper surface of the case 200 and the elastic member 100 is seated on the recessed recess 210 in a laminated form.

The vibration member 100 is seated on the recess 210 and an air layer is formed between the plate member 110 and the case 200 by the recess 210.

Specifically, in the case 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the recessed groove 210 is formed on the upper surface of the case 200, and a seating groove 220 in which the hinge portion 120 is seated can be formed. have.

An air layer is formed between the recessed groove 210 and the plate member 110 by seating the hinge portion 120 in the seating groove 220. The air layer suppresses the attenuation of the vibration member 100 .

The hinge portion 120 is seated in the seating groove 220 so that the plate member can be stably positioned on the case 200 without being detached above the recessed groove 210.

The recessed groove 210 has a uniform spacing distance from the plate member 110 and is formed to correspond to the shape of the vibration member 100. The depth of the recessed groove 210 allows the air layer The thickness of the vibrating member 100 is adjusted so that the attenuation of the vibrating member 100 is close to the critical attenuation.

Meanwhile, the vibration sensing unit 300 according to the present invention senses a distance from the recess 210 when the plate member 110 is vibrated by a sound wave, thereby measuring the intensity and position of a sound wave And includes a first electrode 320 and a second electrode 310.

The first electrode 320 is disposed in an upward direction within the depression groove 210 and the second electrode 310 is opposed to the first electrode 320 on the vibration member 100 at a corresponding position As shown in FIG.

A power source is connected to the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 to apply different voltages to the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310, respectively. In this case, the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 are made of conductors, and electric energy is accumulated between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310.

As described above, the electric energy accumulated between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 is sensed by a separate sensing means (not shown).

Specifically, in this embodiment, the air layer is provided between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310, and the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 have different polarity voltages .

As a result, the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 are in the same state as the capacitor, and electric energy is stored between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310.

Thereafter, when the plate member 110 is vibrated by the sound waves, the position of the second electrode 310 is changed by the vibration of the plate member 110, and the distance from the first electrode 320 So that the electrostatic capacitance sensed by the sensing means changes.

로 나타낼 수 있는데 여기서, ε₀는 유전율(permittivity of free space constant), K는 유전상수(dielectric constant of the material in the gap), A는 두 도체간의 겹치는 넓이, d는 두 도체간 거리가 된다. The electrostatic capacitance is a capacitance, and C is

Where ε ₀ is the permittivity of the free space constant, K is the dielectric constant of the material in the gap, A is the overlapping area between the two conductors, and d is the distance between the two conductors.

을 정전용량으로 나누어 구할 수 있다.In the present invention, the permittivity and the dielectric constant are the same between the two conductors (the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310), so that the permittivity and the dielectric constant of air can be used. A is also a constant when the electrode is sized and positioned. Then the change in capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance d between the two conductors, so d is a constant,

Can be obtained by dividing by the electrostatic capacity.

The change in the capacitance between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 is detected and the change in the distance between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 Can be detected.

At this time, since the first electrode 320 is fixed on the case 200, the degree of vibration of the second electrode 310 can be known, so that the plate member 110 vibrates, .

That is, the vibration sensing unit 300 measures the change in capacitance between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 to sense the vibration of the plate member 110, The sound waves applied to the member 100 can be measured.

5 (a), when the sound wave is not applied to the microphone according to the present invention, the plate member 110 maintains a horizontal state about the hinge unit 120. [

In this case, the plate member 110 and the bottom surface of the depression grooves 210 are horizontal, and the distance between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 is uniformly D1 .

5 (b), when the plate member 110 vibrates due to the generation of sound waves on the right side, the plate member 110 is bent rightward about the hinge unit 120, The distance between the electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 is reduced to D2.

At this time, although not shown in the figure, the plate member 110 is vibrated by a sound wave, and at the same time, a part of the plate member 110 has elasticity, and a bending is generated, so that vibration is attenuated.

The distance between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 is changed by the vibration of the plate member 110 by the sound wave and the sensing means senses the intensity of the sound wave.

Although not shown in the drawings, the vibration sensing units 300 may be formed of a plurality of vibration sensing units 300, and may be spaced apart from each other. Accordingly, the vibration of the plate member 110 can be detected more accurately, .

The vibration sensing unit 300 is disposed on the left and right sides of the hinge unit 210 of the plate member 110 to measure the degree of vibration of the plate member 110 at each position, The direction of the generation of the sound waves can be measured together.

Accordingly, the vibration of the plate member 110 vibrating by a sound wave is measured for each position, and the strength and position of the sound wave are measured through the measured values, thereby achieving miniaturization of the microphone and measurement of the voice direction at the same time.

Further, as described above, each of the pair of electrodes is provided on the vibrating member 100 that vibrates by a sound wave and the case 200 that supports the vibrating member 100, and more precisely, The vibration of the member 100 can be detected.

The microphone according to the present invention includes the vibration member 100, the case 200 and the vibration sensing unit 300. When the vibration member 100 vibrates by the sound wave, And the second electrode 310 may be measured to measure the intensity and position of the sound wave.

Next, a microphone according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a microphone according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a view showing a state in which the vibration member 100 vibrates in the microphone of FIG.

The microphone according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes the vibration member 100, the case 200, and the vibration sensing unit 300 as described above.

Here, the configuration of the vibration sensing unit 300 is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, but differs in the configuration of the vibration member 100 and the case 200. [

Specifically, the case 200 is formed in a manner similar to that of the first embodiment described above, but the coupling protrusion 230 is further provided.

The coupling protrusion 230 is formed to protrude upward in the depressed groove 210 so that the vibration member 100 is seated at the upper end.

Referring to the drawing, the coupling protrusion 230 is integrally formed at the central portion of the depression groove 210 and protrudes upward, and is configured to be coupled to a central portion of the plate member 110.

At this time, the coupling protrusions 230 are combined to be coupled with the plate member 110 so that the plate member 110 can be vibrated by sound waves.

The vibration member 100 includes the plate member 110, the communication hole 130, and the engaging portion 140, unlike the above-described embodiments.

The plate member 110 and the communication hole 130 are formed in the form of a metal plate as in the first embodiment described above, and a plurality of the communication holes 130 are vertically communicated and disposed along the lateral direction.

However, another coupling portion 140 is formed on the lower surface of the plate member 110 and is coupled with the coupling protrusion 230 described above.

The coupling part 140 is formed at the center of the lower surface of the plate member 110. When the plate member 110 is engaged with the coupling protrusion 230, the coupling member 140 is disposed at a position corresponding to the concave groove 210, So that the air layer of one thickness can be formed.

At this time, the coupling portion 140 and the coupling protrusion 230 provide attenuation to the plate member 110 as well as providing attenuation to the plate member 110 through twisting of the hinge portion 120 described above And the like.

In addition, although not shown in the drawings, the coupling part 140 and the coupling protrusion 230 may be integrally formed and have elasticity.

The coupling protrusion 230 is formed in the case 200 and the coupling unit 140 is formed integrally with the plate member 110 so that the plate member 110 is oscillated by the sound wave Can be precisely vibrated.

The first electrode 320 is provided in the depression groove 210 and the second electrode 310 is provided on the lower surface of the plate member 110 so that when the plate member 110 vibrates, The vibration of the plate member 110 can be sensed by sensing a change in the separation distance between the second electrode 320 and the second electrode 310 through the sensing means.

As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, and the present invention can be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the foregoing description, but may be modified within the scope and equivalence of the appended claims.

100:
110: plate member
120: Hinge section
130: communication hole
140:
200: Case
210: recessed groove
220: seat groove
230: engaging projection
300: Vibration detection unit
310: second electrode
320: first electrode

Claims (6)

An oscillating member having a plate shape and having elasticity by a sound wave and formed so as to generate bending;
A case in which the vibration member is laminated on the upper side to form a recessed groove for forming an air layer between the vibration member and the vibration member and is coupled to the upper portion of the recessed groove so that the vibration member can be vibrated by a sound wave; And
A first electrode arranged in an upper direction in the recessed groove and a second electrode formed on a position corresponding to the first electrode on the vibrating member so that the first electrode and the second electrode have different polarities A vibration sensing unit for sensing a vibration of the vibration member by detecting a change in capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode as the vibration member moves by air on the case; / RTI >
Wherein the case includes an engaging protrusion formed upwardly in the depressed groove and seated at an upper end of the vibrating member,
Wherein the vibration member is formed with a coupling portion which is opposed to the coupling protrusion and is engaged with the coupling protrusion when the vibration member is vibrated by an external force about a center in a lateral direction,
Wherein air present in the air layer flows when the vibration member vibrates to attenuate vibration of the vibration member. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the coupling protrusion and the coupling portion are integrally formed with elasticity so that the vibration member is configured to vibrate with a predetermined attenuation. delete The method according to claim 1,
The vibration member
And at least one communication hole formed so that air can communicate with the at least one microphone. 6. The method of claim 5,
The communication hole
And adjusts a plurality of sizes or numbers to adjust attenuation of air passing through the microphone.

Images