KR101590366B1 - Analysis method for weather information - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a weather information analysis method. That is, the weather information of the point of view and the weather information of the previous point of time can be analyzed and provided as a state word and a modifier of various defined expression methods, thereby improving the utilization of the weather information.

Description

{ANALYSIS METHOD FOR WEATHER INFORMATION}

The present invention relates to a method for improving utilization of displayed weather information by analyzing weather information at a point of view and weather information at a previous point of time and providing the weather information and the modifier of various expression methods defined before.

BACKGROUND ART [0002] With the development of the communication industry and the rapid expansion of mobile communication services, many people are carrying mobile communication terminals and, in response to various demands of users to improve their functions, functions such as wireless Internet are added to mobile communication terminals have.

Recently, a service for providing weather information to a mobile communication terminal through a wireless Internet has been implemented.

Such a service tends to be deviated from an independent service method of providing only weather information, and is provided with weather information as additional information in cooperation with other services.

However, in the case of providing weather information, a method of expressing and providing weather information using a standardized image or sentence is generally used, which can be expected to be restricted in its utilization in linking with various services.

The object of the present invention is to provide weather information of a point of view and weather information of a previous point by analyzing weather information and modifiers of various expression systems defined beforehand , And to improve the utilization of the inquired weather information.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a weather information analyzing method comprising: a collection step of collecting weather information; And a generating step of generating at least one of a modifier and a state word related to the weather at the point of view based on the weather information collected at the point of view and the weather information collected at the point of the previous point of time.

More specifically, the weather information collected at the inquiry time point and the weather information collected at the previous time point include the temperature of the inquiry time point and the temperature of the previous time point, respectively, and the modifier expresses the temperature of the inquiry time point Based on a comparison result between the temperature of the reference point and the temperature of the season to which the point of reference belongs, based on the absolute modifiers generated based on the comparison result between the temperature of the reference point and the temperature of the previous point, And the relative bust control modifiers generated by the relative bust control modifiers.

More specifically, the absolute modifier is generated on the basis of a word defined in a specific absolute temperature range to which the temperature of the inquiry point belongs, of the two or more predefined absolute temperature ranges, And the time point at which the inquiry time point belongs is differently defined.

More specifically, the comparison feeling modifier is generated only when the difference between the temperature of the inquiry point and the temperature of the previous point is equal to or greater than a threshold value.

More specifically, in the case where the difference between the temperature of the inquiry time point and the temperature of the previous time point is equal to or more than the threshold value, among the two or more previously defined comparison temperature ranges, the comparative bodily- And the predetermined two or more comparison temperature ranges are defined differently according to the time zone in which the inquiry time point belongs.

More specifically, the relative bust control modifier is generated on the basis of a word defined in a specific absolute temperature range to which the temperature of the inquiry time point belongs, out of two or more predefined relative temperature ranges, and the previously defined two or more relative temperature ranges , And the words defined in the specific absolute temperature range are defined differently according to the season in which the inquiry time point belongs.

More specifically, the weather information collected at the inquiry time includes a weather condition at the inquiry point, and the status word is generated based on a word defined according to a weather condition.

According to the weather information analyzing method of the present invention, the weather information at the time of inquiry is analyzed, and the analysis result is provided as a state word and a modifier of various predefined expression methods out of the formalized expression method, The utilization of information can be greatly improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a weather information analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
Figures 2 to 3 illustrate a database according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 to 6 are diagrams for describing a modifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation flow in a weather information analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a diagram illustrating an apparatus for analyzing weather information according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the weather information analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a collecting unit 100 for collecting weather information, a building unit 200 for building a database for collected weather information, And a generating unit for generating text for expressing the information.

Here, the entire configuration or a part of the weather information analyzing apparatus including the collecting unit 100, the building unit 200, and the generating unit 300 may be implemented as hardware or software modules, .

In particular, it should be noted that each configuration of the weather information analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention can operate as a configuration of an Open API (Open Application Program Interface) invoked in various services that utilize weather information have.

Here, in the case of a service using weather information, for example, an automatic conversation service, an avatar service, a social network service, a location-based service, a short message service, and the like may be applied. The service may be all.

Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the weather information analyzing apparatus provides weather information that can be utilized in various services.

That is, the weather information analyzing apparatus is provided with weather information that can be utilized as additional information in various services, apart from an independent service method that provides only weather information.

Generally, in a method of providing weather information, there may be a method of expressing weather information of a specific day in a simple image form, or a method of transmitting weather information in the form of a sentence.

In transmitting the weather information, it is preferable to transmit weather information in the form of text among the above methods in terms of utilization. In the case of the expression form of text, the formal words expressing the weather information are listed and transmitted It is a reality to stay at the level.

As a result, even if the weather information is provided in the form of text in consideration of the utilization of weather information, if the weather information is provided at the level of providing the weather information in the form of the above-mentioned expression method, Can be expected.

Accordingly, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for providing weather information in a variety of predefined expression methods out of a formalized expression system is proposed, which will be described in detail below.

The collecting unit 100 collects weather information.

More specifically, the collecting unit 100 collects weather information from various devices or organizations (e.g., weather stations) that observe the weather and provide the observation results as weather information.

At this time, in collecting the weather information, the collecting unit 100 may collect weather information from each provider using an open API provided by each provider providing weather information.

The collected weather information includes, for example, an area code, a country name, a wide area name, a city name, a name, a longitude, latitude, observation time information Such as, but not limited to, temperature, wind direction / wind speed, humidity, precipitation, snowfall, sea level, discomfort index, fine dust concentration, sunrise, sunset, Any relevant information may be included.

In addition, the weather information collection method performed by the collection unit 100 may be a method of collecting weather information from portal sites, for example, by performing text mining on pages opened with respect to the weather, will be.

The construction unit 200 performs a function of building a database.

More specifically, the construction unit 200 accumulates and accumulates weather information collected through the collection unit 100, thereby building a database for later weather information analysis.

At this time, the construction unit 200 constructs a database in various time units such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. Such a database may include, for example, an average temperature (observation, And can be classified into categories such as maximum temperature (observation, average), minimum temperature (observation, average), and other indicators (average cloudiness, daily precipitation, relative humidity, average speed).

In addition, the construction unit 200 can construct a database based on the area unit, in addition to the upper standard time.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), it may be assumed that a detailed database is constructed in units of subregions of time.

In this case, it can be predicted that the weather information related to the specific area does not exist. In this case, the weather of the nearby area in which the weather information exists can be utilized as the weather information of the specific area.

As described above, when a detailed database is constructed in detail, it can be expected that the amount of data required and the logic become complicated, while providing accurate weather information at the user's current location.

On the other hand, if there is no constraint on the complexity of the data amount and the logic in the database construction, the above detailed sub-area units may be subdivided into, for example, eup,

As another example, it may be assumed that a database is constructed in a wide area basis, as shown in Fig. 3 (b).

In this case, it is possible to construct a database by collecting weather information in a metropolitan area. This is because the amount of data is relatively smaller than that of building a database in each subregion, and the logic required for building a database is relatively simple have.

The generating unit 300 generates a text for expressing weather information.

More specifically, when the inquiry of the weather information is requested from the service user, the generating unit 300 analyzes the weather information at the point of inquiry at which the inquiry is requested in the area where the service user is located from the pre-built database, To generate the text to be written.

Here, the text for expressing weather information can be classified into a state word and a modifier, which can be classified as shown in [Table 1] below.

division Justice Used words State language Words indicating weather conditions, forecasts Rain, snow, clear, cloudy, heavy rains, heavy snow Modifier

Absolute modifier An absolute modifier of temperature (temperature) Cold (cold), cold, hot, heat (heat) Comparative sense modifier Derived by the comparison of the previous day / normal years Cool, warm, warm, cool
Relative feeling modifier It is a modifier of temperature and is derived by seasonal temperature

That is, as shown in [Table 1], the status word is generated on the basis of a word defined according to the weather condition at the time of inquiry, and words defined in each weather condition are, for example, Snowfall), and other conditions (eg, sunny, cloudy, cloudy, foggy).

Priority standard State language Remarks One Daily Precipitation (Snowfall)> = 30 Heavy rain, heavy snow Add major weather events 2 Daily precipitation (snowfall)> = 5
Daily precipitation (snowfall) <30 Rainy, snowy, rainy, etc. Weather forecast Approximately 96.2% Accuracy 3 Other conditions (clear, cloudy, cloudy, fog) Clear, cloudy, cloudy, fog Clouds (little clouds, lots of clouds)
Fog (mist, fog, mist)

In other words, the condition can be defined as 'heavy rain' and 'heavy snow' when the daily precipitation (snowfall) is over 30 as the weather condition and the status value is rain / snow as in [Table 2] Is less than 30 and is more than 5 and the state value is rain, snow, or snow, the state can be defined as 'rainy', 'snowy', or 'non-snowy' , 'Cloud', 'Cloud', 'Fog' and so on.

If the state information is generated, the generating unit 300 checks the weather condition of the area where the service user is located at the point of time when the inquiry of the weather information is requested, Words can be generated as status words associated with weather information.

On the other hand, in the case of the modifier, the absolute modifiers based on the temperature at the time of inquiry as shown in [Table 1], based on the comparison result between the temperature at the time of the inquiry and the temperature at the previous time (eg normal years, yesterday, A relative bust modifier to be generated, and a relative bust modifier that is generated based on a comparison result between the temperature of the inquiry time and the temperature of the season to which the inquiry time belongs.

Here, the absolute modifier can be generated on the basis of a word predefined in a plurality of predefined absolute temperature ranges (# 1 to # 4) as shown in FIG. 4 (a) 1 to # 4) can be defined as [Table 3] below.

division word Application criteria Applied value Absolute modifier


Cold water (cold) Based on the predicted absolute temperature
Maximum temperature - 4 or less, minimum temperature -8 or less cold Maximum temperature 3 to -4, minimum temperature 0 to -8 hot Maximum temperature 28 ~ 30, Minimum temperature 22 ~ 24 Heat (heat) Maximum temperature 30 or higher, minimum temperature 24 or higher

That is, 'absolute value (cold wave)' can be defined as the absolute modifier in the absolute temperature range # 1 in the range of maximum temperature-4 or less in FIG. 4 (a) # 2 can define 'cold' as an absolute modifier and 'hot' as an absolute modifier can be defined in the absolute temperature range # 3 which is in the range of 28 to 30 at the maximum temperature, and absolute temperature In range # 4, 'heat wave' can be defined as an absolute modifier.

On the other hand, the absolute temperature ranges (# 1 to # 4) defined in FIG. 4 (a) are defined as the maximum temperature reference in the time zone during which the temperature increases during the day (09:00 to 21:00) The absolute temperature ranges (# 1 to # 4) can be defined to be lower than the maximum temperature reference as shown in Fig. 5 (a) at the lowest temperature reference in the time zone (21:00 to 09:00) have.

5 (a) can be defined as an absolute modifier in the absolute temperature range # 1, which is in the range of the lowest temperature -8 or lower, and the absolute temperature range # 2 can define 'cold' as an absolute modifier and 'hot' as an absolute modifier can be defined in absolute temperature range # 3, which is the lowest temperature range of 22 to 24, and absolute temperature In range # 4, 'heat wave (heat wave)' can be defined as an absolute modifier.

When generating all modifiers, the generating unit 300 preferentially confirms the time zone (e.g., 09:00 to 21:00 or 21:00 to 09:00) in which the inquiry of weather information is requested, It is determined whether or not a modifier is to be generated based on a criterion or a minimum temperature criterion.

Here, when it is determined whether to generate a modifier on the basis of the highest temperature standard or the lowest temperature standard, the generation unit 300 determines the temperature of the area where the service user is located at the point of time when the inquiry of the weather information is required, .

At this time, the generator 300 generates a word defined in a specific absolute temperature range to which the confirmed temperature of the inquiry point belongs, among the plurality of predefined absolute temperature ranges, as an absolute modifier.

As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the comparative sensation modifier can be generated on the basis of a word predefined in a plurality of predefined comparison temperature ranges (# 1 to # 4) 1 to # 4) can be defined as shown in [Table 4] below.

division word Application criteria Applied value Comparative experience modifier


cold Apply to the previous point (previous day, normal year) Difference above the threshold (+ - 3)

comfy Warm Be good

That is, assuming that the temperature at the time of inquiry is higher than the previous time (previous day, normal year) by more than 3 degrees in FIG. 4 (b), the comparison temperature range # 1 'Warm' can be defined as a comparative sensation modifier in the comparative temperature range # 2 having a maximum temperature range of 13 to 28 degrees.

On the other hand, when the temperature at the time of inquiry is compared with the previous time (previous day, normal year) and the temperature is lower than 3 degrees, the comparative temperature range # 3, Can be defined as &quot; cooler &quot;, and 'cooler' can be defined as a comparative sensation modifier in the comparative temperature range # 4 having a maximum temperature range of 13 to 28 inclusive.

On the other hand, each of the comparison temperature ranges (# 1 to # 4) defined in FIG. 4 (b) is defined as a maximum temperature reference in the time zone during which the temperature increases during the day (09:00 to 21:00) And the absolute temperature ranges (# 1 to # 4) are set as the maximum temperature reference values as shown in FIG. 5 (b) at the lowest temperature reference in the time zone (21:00 to 09:00) Can be defined to be lower.

Accordingly, when generating the comparative sensibility modifier, the generating unit 300 confirms the temperature of the area where the service user is located at the inquiry time when the inquiry of the weather information is requested and at the previous time (for example, the previous day and the normal year).

Here, the generator 300 generates a comparative hitting modifier only when the temperature difference between the inquiry time and the previous time is equal to or greater than a threshold (for example, 3 degrees). If the temperature difference is equal to or greater than the threshold, A word defined in a specific comparison temperature range to which the temperature at the inquiry point belongs is generated as a comparison experience modifier.

As shown in FIG. 4 (c), the relative bodily sensation modifiers can be generated on the basis of words predefined in a plurality of different relative temperature ranges (# 1 to # 10) 1 to # 10) can be defined as shown in [Table 5] below.

division word Application criteria Applied value Comparative experience modifier


cold Apply by season Spring, summer, autumn, light season reference temperature
comfy Warm Be good

That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), 'relatively coarse' can be defined as a relative bodily sensation modifier in the relative temperature range # 1, which corresponds to spring in the season and has a maximum temperature range of 3 to 13 , The maximum temperature range of 3 to 13 is included in the relative temperature range # 4, so that 'good' can be defined as a relative bodily sensation modifier.

On the other hand, each of the relative temperature ranges (# 1 to # 10) defined in FIG. 4 (c) has a maximum value in the time zone (09:00 to 21:00) (# 1 to # 4) as shown in FIG. 5 (c) at the lowest temperature reference in the time zone (21:00 to 09:00) during which the temperature is the lowest during the day, Can be defined to be lower than the maximum temperature reference.

In other words, when generating the relative impact modifier, the generation unit 300 confirms the temperature of the inquiry point at which the inquiry of the weather information is requested, and the seasons in which the inquiry point belongs, and a plurality of relative temperatures A word defined in a specific relative temperature range to which the confirmed season and the temperature of the reference point belongs is generated as a relative experience modifier.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, not only the words mentioned above but also the weather conditions, the temperature and the season are defined as the modifiers which are classified into the absolute modifiers, the comparison experience modifiers, and the relative experience modifiers, Various words can be applied.

As described above, according to the weather information analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, weather information at the time of inquiry is analyzed, and the analysis result is shifted from the formalized expression system, And as a modifier, the utilization degree of the inquired weather information can be greatly improved.

Hereinafter, the operation of the weather information analyzing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Here, for convenience of explanation, the components shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will be described with reference to corresponding reference numerals.

First, the collecting unit 100 collects weather information from various devices or organizations (e.g., weather stations) that observe the weather and provide the result of the observation as weather information (S110).

At this time, in collecting the weather information, the collecting unit 100 may collect weather information from each provider using an open API provided by each provider providing weather information.

Then, the construction unit 200 accumulates and stores weather information collected through the collection unit 100, thereby constructing a database for later weather information analysis (S120).

At this time, the construction unit 200 constructs a database in various time units such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. Such a database may include, for example, an average temperature (observation, And can be classified into categories such as maximum temperature (observation, average), minimum temperature (observation, average), and other indicators (average cloudiness, daily precipitation, relative humidity, average speed).

Here, the construction unit 200 may construct the database by applying the regional unit as an additional reference, in addition to the upper reference time, and the regional unit may be, for example, a sub-regional unit and a metropolitan unit.

In addition, when the weather information inquiry is requested and the state information of the weather information is generated according to the inquiry request, the generating unit 300 generates a weather information (S130-S150)

Then, when the confirmation of the weather condition is completed, the generator 300 generates a word defined according to the weather condition at the inquiry point as the status word associated with the weather information (S160).

For example, if the daily precipitation (snowfall) is more than 30 as a weather condition, and if the state value is rain / snow, 'heavy rain' , 'Blind', 'blind', 'blurry', and 'blurry' can be generated when the state value is rain, snow, Cloud ',' mist ', and so on.

Further, when it is confirmed that the modifier is generated through the step S140, the generating unit 300 may generate the modifier based on the time zone (for example, 09: 00-21: 00 or 21: 00-09: 00 ), And determines whether or not to generate a modifier based on the highest temperature standard or the lowest temperature standard (S170).

If it is determined that the modifier should be generated on the basis of the highest temperature standard or the lowest temperature standard, the generation unit 300 checks the temperature of the area where the service user is located at the point of time when the inquiry of the weather information is required (S180-S190).

Then, the generator 300 generates a word defined as an absolute modifier in a predetermined absolute temperature range to which the confirmed temperature of the inquiry point belongs among a plurality of predefined absolute temperature ranges (S200).

For example, when the time zone of the inquiry time is the time zone of the highest temperature reference as shown in FIG. 4 (a) and the temperature of the inquiry time is 3.5, the absolute modifier is the word defined in the absolute temperature range # 2 It can be generated as 'cold'.

In addition, when it is confirmed that the comparative sensibility modifier is generated through the steps 'S180' and 'S210', the area where the service user is located at the point of inquiry at which the inquiry of the weather information is requested and at the previous point of time (S220).

Then, the generator 300 generates a comparative hitting modifier only when the temperature difference between the inquiry time and the previous time is equal to or higher than a threshold value (for example, 3 degrees). If the temperature difference is equal to or higher than the threshold value, (S230-S240), a word defined in a specific comparison temperature range to which the temperature of the inquiry point belongs is generated as a comparative experience modifier.

For example, if the time zone of the inquiry time is the time zone of the highest temperature reference as shown in FIG. 4 (b), and the temperature of the inquiry time is 8, which is three or more higher than the temperature of the previous time, Can be generated as 'cozy' which is a word defined in the comparison temperature range # 2.

On the other hand, if it is confirmed through the steps S210 'and S250' that the relative impact modifier is generated, the temperature of the inquiry time point at which the inquiry of the weather information is requested and the seasons in which the inquiry time point belongs are confirmed (S260 ).

Then, the generator 300 generates a word defined in a specific relative temperature range to which the identified season and the temperature of the inquiry point belong, among the plurality of different relative temperature ranges defined by the season, as a relative experience modifier.

For example, when the time zone of the inquiry time is the time zone of the highest temperature reference as shown in FIG. 4 (c) and the temperature of the inquiry time belongs to spring as 20, the relative experience modifier is set to the relative temperature range # 2 It can be created as a defined word, 'warm'.

As described above, according to the operation method of the apparatus for analyzing weather information according to an embodiment of the present invention, weather information at the point of view is analyzed, and the analysis result is deviated from the formalized expression method, The state of the weather information and the modifier of the weather information.

Meanwhile, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, or may be embodied in a computer readable medium, in the form of a program instruction, which may be carried out through various computer means. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like, alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be those specially designed and configured for the present invention or may be available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magnetic media such as floppy disks; Magneto-optical media, and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include machine language code such as those produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the present invention, and vice versa.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

According to the weather information analyzing method of the present invention, since weather information at the point of view and weather information at the previous point of time are analyzed and provided as state words and modifiers of various expression methods defined above, It is an invention that is industrially applicable because it is not only the use of the related technology, but also the possibility of marketing or operating the applicable device, as well as being practically and practically possible.

100: Collecting section
200:
300:

Claims (7)

A collection step for collecting weather information; And
A generating step of generating at least one of a modifier and a status word related to the weather at the point of view based on weather information collected at a point of view and weather information collected at a previous point of time,
Wherein the generating comprises:
Determining whether the modifier is generated based on a reference temperature range defined as a maximum temperature reference in the first time zone if the time zone to which the inquiry time belongs is a first time zone with the highest temperature of the day; And
Determining whether to generate the modifier based on a reference temperature range defined based on a lowest temperature of the second time zone if the time zone to which the inquiry time belongs is a second time zone with the lowest temperature of the day
And a weather information analyzing method. The method according to claim 1,
The weather information collected at the inquiry point and the weather information collected at the previous point of time include,
The temperature of the inquiry time point and the temperature of the previous time point,
The modifier
An absolute modifier that is generated based on the temperature of the inquiry point, a comparative hitting modifier that is generated based on a result of a comparison between the temperature of the inquiry point and the temperature of the previous point of time, And a relative bodily affirmation modifier that is generated based on a result of the comparison between temperatures. 3. The method of claim 2,
The absolute modifier may include:
Wherein the reference temperature is generated based on a word defined in a specific absolute temperature range to which the temperature of the reference point belongs,
The predefined absolute temperature range of two or more,
Wherein the reference temperature is defined as the highest temperature reference or is defined as the lowest temperature reference according to the time zone to which the inquiry time belongs,
Wherein when the predefined two or more absolute temperature ranges are defined as the minimum temperature reference, each absolute temperature range is lower than the maximum temperature reference. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the comparative deceleration modifier includes:
And only when the difference between the temperature of the inquiry point and the temperature of the previous point is equal to or greater than a threshold value. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the comparative deceleration modifier includes:
Wherein the temperature of the reference point is generated based on a word defined in a specific comparison temperature range to which the temperature of the reference point belongs, out of two or more pre-defined comparison temperature ranges, when the difference between the temperature of the reference point and the temperature of the previous point is equal to or greater than the threshold,
The pre-defined two or more comparison temperature ranges,
Is defined as the highest temperature reference or is defined as the lowest temperature reference according to the time zone to which the inquiry time belongs. 3. The method of claim 2,
The relative bodily-
Wherein the reference temperature is generated based on a word defined in a specific absolute temperature range to which the temperature of the inquiry point belongs,
Wherein the predefined two or more relative temperature ranges are defined as the maximum temperature reference or defined as the minimum temperature reference according to the time zone to which the inquiry time belongs,
Wherein the words defined in the specific absolute temperature range are defined differently according to the season in which the inquiry time belongs. The method according to claim 1,
The weather information collected at the time of the inquiry includes the weather condition of the inquiry time,
The state-
Wherein the weather information is generated based on a word defined according to a weather condition.

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