KR101583471B1 - Apparatus and method for providing random numbers using statistical test of randomness - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for providing random numbers using statistical test of randomness Download PDF

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KR101583471B1
KR101583471B1 KR1020140194688A KR20140194688A KR101583471B1 KR 101583471 B1 KR101583471 B1 KR 101583471B1 KR 1020140194688 A KR1020140194688 A KR 1020140194688A KR 20140194688 A KR20140194688 A KR 20140194688A KR 101583471 B1 KR101583471 B1 KR 101583471B1
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random number
randomness
verification
bit string
result
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KR1020140194688A
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Korean (ko)
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손창환
표창우
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고려대학교 산학협력단
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Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for supplying a random number using a statistical technique for verifying randomness, comprising: a random number bit stream storage for storing a random number bit string generated using a random number generator; A first random number randomness verifier for performing verification according to a plurality of randomness verification algorithms, calculating a verification result for each verification algorithm, and storing the result in a randomness result storage, and a verification result for each algorithm from the randomness result storage, A second random number randomness verifier for calculating a distribution value and checking whether the calculated statistical distribution value satisfies predetermined statistical randomness and a controller for providing a verified random number based on the statistical randomness test result.

Description

[0001] Apparatus and method for providing random numbers using statistical techniques for verifying randomness [0002]

The present invention relates to a computer environment using a random number generator, and more particularly, to a random number supplying apparatus for supplying a quality-guaranteed random number as much as required by a user or a system by verifying the randomness in an application program or a computer system using a random number generator, And a computer-readable recording medium on which the method is recorded.

Cryptographic applications use a binary random number bit sequence as a key. The quality of binary random numbers is an important factor that determines the level of security of the system in which the application is executed as well as the application being executed. Binary random numbers that are easy to predict are at risk of being easily decoded by brute-force attacks. The predictability of such a random number is difficult to determine with a combinatorial algorithm and can be verified by a statistical method.

As a representative verification tool written to verify the randomness of random numbers through statistical experiments, there is a collection of NIST statistical random number verification presented through the following prior art documents. This program measures the quality of random numbers through experimental values given by 15 verification methods with the generated binary random number sequence as an input value. In particular, a method of verifying randomness, which is an unpredictable degree of randomness, can be utilized by a statistical method.

However, the statistical verification methods do not guarantee that the random number generator continuously generates high quality random numbers because it measures the quality of the random number by receiving the random number generated by the random number generator. Therefore, it is required to present a technical means to supply random numbers with a certain statistical randomness in the cryptographic application field.

&Quot; A Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications ", A. Rukhin, et al. (2010, April)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem that a conventional random number supply system does not verify the statistical randomness of a random number bit string generated in a random number generator and also in a statistical verification method, We can not guarantee the generation of random numbers.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for providing a random number using at least one processor and a storage device, the random number generator generating a random number bit string A stored random number bit stream store; A first random number randomness verifier for reading a random number bit string from the random number bit string storage and performing verification according to a plurality of randomness verification algorithms, calculating a verification result for each verification algorithm, and storing the result in a randomization result storage; A second random number randomness verifier for reading a verification result for each algorithm from the randomness result storage to calculate a statistical distribution value, and checking whether the calculated statistical distribution value satisfies predetermined statistical randomness; And a controller for providing a verified random number based on the statistical randomness check result.

In the random number supply device according to an embodiment, the first random number randomness verifier may perform verification on a predetermined size basis in accordance with a plurality of randomness verification algorithms on a random number bit string read from the random number bit string storage, May be matched with the calculated verification result and stored in the randomness result storage.

In the random number supply device according to an embodiment, the second random number randomness verifier calculates a ratio of frequencies corresponding to a threshold value or more that represents a significance level for each algorithm-specific verification result read out from the randomness result storage , And it can be checked whether the calculated ratio meets a predetermined statistical randomness criterion.

Also, in the random number supplying apparatus according to an embodiment, the second random number randomness verifier may calculate a distribution diagram for each algorithm-specific verification result read from the randomness result storage, and determine a distribution histogram of the calculated distribution map It is possible to check whether or not the predetermined statistical randomness criterion is satisfied.

In addition, in the random number supplying apparatus according to an embodiment, the random number bit string generated through the random number generator may be generated in a larger number than the number of random number supplies required by the second random number random number verifier.

Meanwhile, in the random number supply device according to an exemplary embodiment, when the statistical randomness is not satisfied as a result of the check by the second random number randomness verifier, the first random number bit string stored in the random number bit string storage And deletes the verification result of the deleted random number bit string.

Furthermore, a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for causing a computer to execute a method of controlling each component of the random-number supply device described above is recorded.

The embodiments of the present invention do not supply the random number generated by the random number generator according to the demand of the system, but only the verified random number is verified after the statistical randomness is verified, the verification device is added to the random number generator, , It is possible to continuously supply random numbers guaranteed with statistical randomness based on the result of the verification, and as a result, it is possible to improve the reliability of the random number supply in the cryptographic application field.

1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for providing random numbers using a statistical technique for verifying randomness according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a first random number randomness verifier of the random number supply device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are block diagrams showing the internal configuration of the second random number randomness verifier of the random number supply device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention in more detail.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a control signal and movement paths of main data between individual components in the random-number supply device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of supplying random numbers using a statistical technique for verifying randomness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Before describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, the technical means adopted by the embodiments of the present invention will be introduced to solve the problems associated with the conventional random number supplying means or the simple random number verification method .

As described above, there exist statistical methods for verifying randomness that is unpredictable in random numbers (for example, NIST SP800-22, diehard, or TestU01). However, these statistical verification methods are not limited to random number generators The random number generated by the random number generator does not guarantee that the random number generator continuously generates high quality random numbers because it measures the quality of the random number. Therefore, the random number supplying apparatus adopted by the embodiments of the present invention proposes the following technical means for supplying a random number ensured continuously with statistical randomness.

First, by adding a statistical randomness checking device to an arbitrary random number generator, the statistical randomness is continuously verified to provide a high quality random number.

Second, random numbers are generated, verified, and managed in accordance with the randomness verification result of the random number bit string through the control means.

Third, we want to provide random number after verifying randomness with improved verification rate by adding parallel operation accelerator to verification means.

Fourth, the number of random bit streams is generated relatively more than the number for statistical randomness verification, and it is tried to reduce the execution speed degradation due to regeneration and verification according to the verification result after verifying the randomness in advance by verifying in advance .

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned technical problems will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description and the accompanying drawings, detailed description of well-known functions or constructions that may obscure the subject matter of the present invention will be omitted. It is to be noted that the same components are denoted by the same names and reference numerals as possible throughout the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for supplying random numbers using a statistical technique for verifying randomness according to an embodiment of the present invention, and can be implemented using at least one processor and a storage device. Here, the processor may perform a sequence of verification of a random number to store the intermediate output or final output in a physical storage device or read data therefrom.

Referring to FIG. 1, a random number generator 10 and a verified random number generator 100 and, optionally, a parallel operation accelerator 35 are shown.

First, the random number generator 10 generates a random number and supplies it to the verified random number supplying device 100. If necessary, the random number generator 10 may be included in the verified random number supplying device 100, Algorithm may be utilized. The random number generator 10 continuously generates and stores the random number bits in the random number bit string storage 20, and a non-algorithmic random number generator and a pseudo random number generator are available.

The random number bit string storage 20 stores a random number bit string generated by using the random number generator 10, and the random number bit string generated through the random number generator 10 is stored in a random number bit string It is preferable that a larger number of random number random numbers than the number of random number requests requested by the random number random number verifier 50 is generated.

When storing the random number bit string generated by the random number generator 10, the random number bit string store 20 may store a random number bit string having a length of 1,000,000 bits and a number of 1,000 or more. In particular, the random number bit stream storage 20 divides the random number bit string according to the size to be verified by the first random number randomness verifier 30 to give an identifier. The first random number random number verifier 30 and the random number management controller 60, When a random number bit string is requested, the random number bit string can be transmitted in the stored order.

The first random number randomness verifier 30 reads the random number bit string from the random number bit string storage 20 and performs verification according to a plurality of randomness verification algorithms. The verification result is calculated for each of the verification algorithms, (40). The first random number randomness verifier 30 verifies the randomness of the random number bit string stored in the random number bit string store 20 by a certain size unit, and recommends 1,000,000 bits.

The first random number randomness verifier 30 performs verification of a random number bit string read out from the random number bit string storage 20 in units of a predetermined size according to a plurality of randomness verification algorithms, Matching results may be matched and stored in the randomness result storage 40. A more specific configuration will be described later with reference to FIG.

Also, in the first random number randomness verifier 30, the verification algorithm may use a random number verification algorithm, for example, 15 verification algorithms according to the NIST SP800-22 standard. Then, the first random-number randomness verifier 30 calculates a P-value, which is a verification result using each algorithm, and stores the P-value in the randomness result storage 40.

On the other hand, the parallel operation accelerator 35 is an accelerator capable of performing parallel operation. In order to ensure a faster verification time of the first random number random verifier 30, the GPGPU technique (OpenCL, CUDA, etc. is available) You can use the GPU with this.

The randomness result storage 40 stores the randomness verification result (P-value) generated for each verification algorithm in the first random number randomness verifier 30. The randomness result storage 40 stores the verification result P- value.

The second random number randomness verifier 50 reads a verification result for each algorithm from the randomness result storage 40 to calculate a statistical distribution value and checks whether the calculated statistical distribution value satisfies predetermined statistical randomness do. The second random number randomness verifier 50 verifies the verification result of the random number bit string in a predetermined number of units, and recommends 1,000 units.

This second verification is to check whether the statistical distribution value of the verification result of each algorithm satisfies the significance level. For example, in "NIST SP800-22", "P.4-2, P4-3, 4.2.1 4.2.2. Uniform distribution of P-values ". The second random number randomness verifier 50 can perform the second verification in two ways.

First, the second random-number randomness verifier 50 calculates the ratio of the frequencies corresponding to the threshold values representing the significance level to the verification results of each algorithm read from the random-number result storage 40, It is possible to check whether the ratio meets a predetermined statistical randomness criterion. A more specific configuration will be described later with reference to FIG. 3A.

Second, the second random-number randomness verifier 50 calculates a distribution diagram for each algorithm-specific verification result read out from the randomness result storage 40, and calculates a distribution histogram of the calculated distribution map based on a predetermined statistical randomness criterion It is possible to check whether or not it is satisfied. A more specific configuration will be described later with reference to FIG. 3B.

The random number management controller 60 controls the generation and storage of the random number and the randomness verification process and outputs the verified random number based on the statistical randomness check result outputted through the second random number randomness verifier 50 To a requestor (e.g., a user or a random number request system).

The user interface 70 may receive the request from the user and request the controller 60 to transmit the random number. Further, the user interface 70 requests the randomness verification result of the current random number and provides it to the user, thereby inducing the user to view the result.

On the other hand, when the statistical randomness is not satisfied as a result of the check by the second random number randomness verifier 50, the first random number bit string stored in the random number bit string store 20 is deleted, It is preferable to delete the verification result for the bit string. This series of random number bit stream generation and verification processes need to be managed in terms of supply, and the overall flow will be described again with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating more specifically the internal configuration of the first random number randomness verifier of the random number supply device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds to a technical means implementing the statistical randomness verification method.

The first random number randomness verifier 30 receives the random number bit string stored in the random number bit string storage 20 as described above and outputs the P-value 32, which is the verification result of the algorithm, And stores it in the randomness result storage 40. [ At this time, it is preferable that the P-value 32, which is the verification result, is stored in the randomness result storage 40 by separating the random number bit string and the identifier according to the verification method.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are block diagrams more specifically showing the internal configuration of the second random number randomness verifier 50 of the random number supply device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3a illustrates a method for verifying significant level pass-through. Referring to FIG. 3A, a ratio 52 in which the result P-value P (j, k) values 32 for all the random number bit strings for the k-th verification algorithm exceeds the significance level value? 51 is statistical randomness (53), and transmits the result to the random number management controller (60). From the implementation point of view, it is possible to use this verification method by referring to, for example, "P.4-2, 4.2.1 Proportion of Sequences Passing a Test" part of "NIST SP800-22" specification.

FIG. 3B shows a method of verifying the distribution. Referring to FIG. 3B, a distribution diagram of P (j, k) values 32, which is a result P-value for all random bit strings, is checked for the k-th verification algorithm. P (j, k) corresponding to a predetermined number of ranges, for example, 10 ranges (C0: less than 0.0 to 0.1, C1: less than 0.1 to less than 0.2 and C9: less than 0.9 to 1.0) k) value distribution histogram, it is confirmed whether or not the predetermined statistical randomness is satisfied (56), and the result is sent to the random number management controller (60).

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a movement path of control data and main data between individual components in the random-number supply device of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A line indicated by a solid line represents a flow of data, The line indicated by the arrow indicates the flow of control. Here, only the characteristic of the data itself is outlined around the flow of data.

(1) The random number bit string (E-1) is a random number bit string generated in the random number generator 10.

(2) A set of random bit strings (E-2) is a random number bit string having a length required for the primary verification, and 1,000,000 bits are recommended.

(3) The first verification result (E-3) shows the result of each verification algorithm for one random number bit string in the first verification, and has a P-value value between 0.0 and 1.0.

(4) Verification result set (E-4) shows a set of P-values of a certain number of random number bit strings for each randomness verification algorithm.

(5) The second verification result (E-5) shows the result of verifying the randomness statistically by the randomness verification algorithm. The randomness can be judged according to the frequency and distribution of the P-value.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of supplying random numbers using a statistical technique for verifying randomness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In step S510, one random number bit string is generated through the random number generator 10 and stored in the random number bit string store 20, and 1,000,000 bits are recommended.

In step S520, randomness for one random number bit string is verified through the first random number random verifier 30, and the P-value for each verification algorithm is stored in the randomness result storage 40. [

In step S525, whether or not the number of bit strings is sufficient. If the condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S530. If the condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S510 to repeat the generation of the bit string.

In step S530, the second random number verification for the P-value for each verification algorithm is performed through the second random number random number verifier 50, the random number is managed, and the result is transmitted to the controller 60 to confirm the secondary verification result .

If it is determined in step S535 that the predetermined randomness is sufficient, the process proceeds to step S540. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step S550.

In step S540, on the assumption that the randomness is satisfied, the random number management is ready to supply the random number through the controller 60, and informs the user interface 70 that the random number supply preparation is completed.

On the other hand, since randomness is not satisfied in step S550, the random number bit string generated first in the random number bit string stored in the random number bit string store 20 is deleted, After the verification result of the random number bit string is also deleted, the process proceeds to step S510 to generate a new random number bit string.

In step S560, a random number bit string may be requested from the user through the user interface 70. In step S570, the random number management controller 60 transmits the requested number of bits to the random number bit string store 20. In step S570, the random number bit stream storage 20 transmits the random number bit stream to the user through the user interface 70, and deletes the random number bit stream.

In step S575, it is determined whether or not the random number bit string regeneration is required. Then, the random number bit string is generated in step S510 according to the result of the check, or the random number bit string is generated in step S540. You can wait after.

5 is summarized in terms of 'generating random number', 'random number verification' and 'random number supply', respectively.

(1) 'random number generation-verification' process

- Step 1: Generate a random bit string with a length of 1,000,000 bits.

- Step 2: Collect the P-value by verifying the first randomness for one random bit string.

- Step 3: The above 1-2 steps can be performed in parallel.

- Step 4: Secondly verify the P-value which is the result of the first verification of 1,000 random bits.

Step 5: If the statistical randomness is sufficient, then the next seven steps can be performed on the supply standby and supply request.

- Step 6: If the statistical randomness is insufficient, discard a certain number of random bit strings in the order of generated first, then repeat the procedure from Step 1.

(2) 'Random water supply' process

Step 7: A random number is supplied for the requested number of bits. The random number bit string is read from the random number bit string store in order of the generated random number bit string, and then the corresponding random number bit string is removed.

Step 8: Generate a random number bit string by the number of used random number bits, and repeat the procedure from step 1.

The above-mentioned process of generating a random number bit stream is not performed only for the requested 1,000, but it is preferable to generate a random number buffer in advance according to the quality generated by the random number generator.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of implementation, the number of randomness verification bits (meaning a random number bit string length) adopted by the embodiments of the present invention and the number of random number bit strings are 1,000,000 or more, 1,000 , But may be selected to suit the environment in which the embodiments of the present invention are implemented, and is not limited to the illustrated number.

In addition, the number of randomness verification bits and the number of random bit strings can be controlled by the random number management controller. The random number bit string does not generate only the required number, for example, 1,000, but the quality It is preferable to generate a buffer having a predetermined length in advance. As a more specific example, when the average number of regenerations is 10, the random number generator first generates 1,010 random number bit strings to perform the first verification, and if the random number is supplied afterwards, the ten generated numbers are used one by one The second verification can be performed.

In the embodiments of the present invention described above, instead of supplying the random number generated through the random number generator according to the demand of the system, only the verified random number is supplied after verifying the statistical randomness, and the verification device is added to the random number generator, By performing randomness verification, it is possible to continuously supply random numbers with guaranteed statistical randomness based on the verification result, and as a result, it is possible to improve the reliability regarding the random number supply in the cryptographic application field. Furthermore, since the verification can be performed at a high speed using a parallel operation accelerator, it has a fast random number verification and a supply speed.

Meanwhile, in the embodiments of the present invention, a series of operation methods for controlling each component of the random number supply device can be implemented by a computer-readable code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored.

Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include a ROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device and the like, and also a carrier wave (for example, transmission via the Internet) . In addition, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed over network-connected computer systems so that computer readable codes can be stored and executed in a distributed manner. In addition, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the present invention can be easily deduced by programmers skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

The present invention has been described above with reference to various embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope of equivalents thereof should be construed as being included in the present invention.

10: random number generator
100: Proven random water supply
20: Random number bit storage
30: First random number randomness verifier
35: Parallel operation accelerator
40: randomness result storage
50: 2nd random number randomness verifier
60: random number management and controller
70: User interface

Claims (7)

An apparatus for supplying random numbers using at least one processor and a storage device,
A random number bit string storage for storing a random number bit string generated using the random number generator;
A first random number randomness verifier for reading a random number bit string from the random number bit string storage and performing verification according to a plurality of randomness verification algorithms, calculating a verification result for each verification algorithm, and storing the result in a randomization result storage;
A second random number randomness verifier for reading a verification result for each algorithm from the randomness result storage to calculate a statistical distribution value, and checking whether the calculated statistical distribution value satisfies predetermined statistical randomness; And
And a controller for providing a verified random number based on the statistical randomness check result. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first random number randomness verifier comprises:
A random number bit string read from the random number bit string storage is verified in units of a predetermined size according to a plurality of randomness verification algorithms, and an identifier for each verification algorithm is matched with the calculated verification result and stored in the randomness result storage Characterized by a random water supply. 3. The method of claim 2,
The verification algorithm includes:
And a verification algorithm according to the NIST SP800-22 standard. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the second random number randomness verifier comprises:
A ratio of a frequency corresponding to a threshold value or more representing a significance level to each verification result of each algorithm read out from the randomness result storage is calculated and it is checked whether the calculated ratio satisfies a predetermined statistical randomness criterion Characterized by a random water supply. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the second random number randomness verifier comprises:
Calculating a distribution diagram for each algorithm-specific verification result read out from the randomness result storage, and checking whether the distribution histogram of the calculated distribution map satisfies a predetermined statistical randomness criterion. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the random number bit string generated through the random number generator is generated by a larger number than the number of random number supplies required by the second random number randomizer. The method according to claim 1,
If the statistical randomness is not satisfied as a result of the check by the second random number randomness verifier, deletes the first random number bit string generated from the random number bit string stored in the random number bit string storage and deletes the verification result of the deleted random number bit string And a random number generator.
KR1020140194688A 2014-12-31 2014-12-31 Apparatus and method for providing random numbers using statistical test of randomness KR101583471B1 (en)

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US10146507B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2018-12-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Randomness test apparatus and method for random number generator
KR20190049283A (en) 2017-11-01 2019-05-09 국민대학교산학협력단 Light-weight random number health test apparatus
KR20190134031A (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-12-04 홍익대학교 산학협력단 Method of verifying randomness of bitstream and system thereof

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10146507B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2018-12-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Randomness test apparatus and method for random number generator
KR20190049283A (en) 2017-11-01 2019-05-09 국민대학교산학협력단 Light-weight random number health test apparatus
KR20190134031A (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-12-04 홍익대학교 산학협력단 Method of verifying randomness of bitstream and system thereof
KR102073474B1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2020-02-04 홍익대학교 산학협력단 Method of verifying randomness of bitstream and system thereof
US11157239B2 (en) 2018-05-24 2021-10-26 Hongik University Industry-Academia Cooperation Foundation Method of verifying randomness of bitstream and system thereof

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