KR101575834B1 - Apparatus for tracking sunspot group and method thereof - Google Patents

Apparatus for tracking sunspot group and method thereof Download PDF

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KR101575834B1
KR101575834B1 KR1020150140403A KR20150140403A KR101575834B1 KR 101575834 B1 KR101575834 B1 KR 101575834B1 KR 1020150140403 A KR1020150140403 A KR 1020150140403A KR 20150140403 A KR20150140403 A KR 20150140403A KR 101575834 B1 KR101575834 B1 KR 101575834B1
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South Korea
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sunspot
information
group
image
sunspot group
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KR1020150140403A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
홍순학
김영윤
윤기창
오승준
이정덕
이상우
최규철
김일석
Original Assignee
대한민국(국립전파연구원 우주전파센터장)
(주)에스이랩
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
    • G06T7/602—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30204—Marker

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sunspot group tracking apparatus and a method thereof. That is, the present invention displays the position of the recognized sunspot group on the three-dimensional sunspot for the sunspot group that is automatically recognized based on the sun image provided in real time, and displays the area of the active spot, sunspot group , Automatic tracking of sunspot classification results generated every hour by providing sunspot number of sunspots, sunspot size of longitudinal sunspot, Macintosh classification information, Wilson classification information, flare history information, latest CME information It is possible to easily perform real-time tracking of a specific sunspot group, improve the management and operation efficiency of the sunspot group tracking apparatus, and provide predetermined change amount information per period.

Description

[0001] APPARATUS FOR TRACKING [0002]

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking a sunspot group, and more particularly, to a tracking apparatus and method for a sunspot group that provides predetermined change amount information per predetermined period for a specific blackspot group.

As a method of monitoring the sunspot, the sun image photographed by human handwork is analyzed, and the types of the spots and the magnetic field complexity are analyzed, and the black spots are tracked based on the analysis.

This manual analysis and tracking method has a possibility of error in the analysis of the sun image, and it is difficult to analyze and track in real time due to the time required for the analysis.

Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2010-0124568 [Title: Solar Observer]

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for displaying the position of the recognized sunspot group on a three-dimensional sunspot for an automatically recognized sunspot group on the basis of a sun image provided in real time, , Sunspot count of sunspot group, longitudinal direction size of sunspot group, Macintosh classification information, Wilson classification information, flare history information, latest CME information, and the like.

A sunspot group tracking apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is a sunspot group tracking apparatus for providing information of change in a sunspot group included in a sun image transmitted from an external server or satellite, , The time information of the sun image observed, the position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image, the SRS (Space Weather Prediction Center) provided by the Natioanl Oceanic and Atomospheric Administration (NOAA) A Solar Region Summary), flare event information, and CME detection information provided by a Solar Influence Data Center (SIDC); Generating a three-dimensional solar spherical surface based on the collected sun image, detecting a sunspot group based on the collected sun image, calculating an area of the sunspot group for the detected sunspot group, a number of sunspots of the sunspot group, And the Wilson classification information, and confirms the flare history information corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected flare event information, and based on the collected CME detection information, In order to display the latest characteristic information on the detected sunspot group in the form of an icon, flare history information, size information, Wilson classification information, and growth information related to the detected sunspot group are displayed. A control unit for generating marker information including history information; And a display unit displaying the generated three-dimensional solar spherical surface in some areas and displaying the ASSA number and SRS number of the detected sunspot group and the generated marker information in another part of the area.

As an example associated with the present invention, the solar image may include at least one of an AIA 193 image of SDO satellites, an EUV 195 image of stereo satellites A and B, a continuous line image of the sun of the SDO satellite, and a magnetic field front image of the SDO satellite .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the controller extracts a center of the disk and a sun radius in the image for extracting a disk region from the collected sun image, and based on the position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image, Dimensional solar spherical surface by converting the position of the image on the disk into the coordinates based on the latitude and longitude and combining the sun images converted into the latitude-based coordinates.

As an example related to the present invention, the controller obtains a label removal image by removing a label from the received original image when the sun image as the received original image is a continuous line image of the sun and a magnetic field front image, Extracting a disk image by performing masking on a label removal image, extracting a black spot seed by tracking a black spot located in the extracted disk image, applying an area extension technique to the extracted black spot seed, Acquire an extended image, search for a black spot based on the acquired area expanded image, and determine a black spot group based on the one or more detected black points.

As an example related to the present invention, the control unit corrects the projection effect according to the position of the sunspot on the basis of the position of the sunspot in a unit of one millionth of a predetermined sunspot And calculating an area of the detected sunspot group by summing the areas calculated for the plurality of blackspots.

As an example related to the present invention, when a specific sunspot group is selected from the ASSA number and the SRS number for a plurality of sunspot groups displayed in another partial area of the display unit and the generated marker information, The area of the sunspot group related to the selected sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, and the CME information may be displayed in some other areas.

A method for tracking a sunspot group according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for tracking variation of a sunspot group included in a sun image transmitted from an external server or satellite, The time information of the sun image, the position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image, the SRS and flare event information provided by SWPC of the US Ocean Administration Office (NOAA), and the information provided by the SIDC Collecting CME detection information; Generating a three-dimensional solar spherical surface based on the collected sun image through a control unit; Sensing a sunspot group based on the collected sun image through the control unit; Calculating the area of the sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, and the Wilson classification information for the detected sunspot group through the control unit; Confirming flare history information corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected flare event information through the control unit; Checking CME information for a predetermined period based on the collected CME detection information through the controller; A marker including the flare history information, the size information, the Wilson classification information, and the growth history information related to the detected sunspot group in order to display the latest characteristic information on the detected sunspot group in an icon form, Generating information; And displaying the generated three-dimensional sun spherical surface on a part of the area and displaying the ASSA number and the SRS number for the detected sunspot group and the generated marker information on another part of the area, through the display part .

As an example related to the present invention, when a specific sunspot group is selected from the ASSA number and the SRS number for a plurality of sunspot groups displayed in other areas of the display unit and the generated marker information, The area of the sunspot group related to the selected sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, and the CME information in the region .

As an example related to the present invention, calculating the area of the sunspot group for the detected sunspot group may include calculating the area of a plurality of sunspots included in the detected sunspot group through the control unit And correcting the projection effect, and calculating the unit of 1 / 10,000th of the preset sun hemisphere; And calculating the area of the detected sunspot group by summing the areas calculated for the plurality of black spots through the control unit.

The present invention displays the position of the recognized sunspot group on a three-dimensional sunspot for an automatically recognized sunspot group on the basis of a sun image provided in real time, and displays an active region, an area of the sunspot group, By providing the sunspot number of sunspot group, the sunspot direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, and the latest CME information, it is possible to automatically track the sunspot classification result generated every hour Real time tracking of a specific sunspot group can be made possible, and the management and operation efficiency of the sunspot group tracking device can be improved, and the predetermined period variation information can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a sunspot group tracking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a diagram illustrating marker information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3, 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of tracking a sunspot group according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating an AIA 193 image of an SDO satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 and 6 are EUV 195 images of stereo A and B satellites according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view illustrating a three-dimensional solar spherical surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 and 9 are views showing screens of a display unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of detecting a sunspot group according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 11 to 17 are diagrams showing the results of performing the automatic detection function of the sunspot group according to the embodiment of the present invention.

It is noted that the technical terms used in the present invention are used only to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical terms used in the present invention should be construed in a sense generally understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise defined in the present invention, Should not be construed to mean, or be interpreted in an excessively reduced sense. In addition, when a technical term used in the present invention is an erroneous technical term that does not accurately express the concept of the present invention, it should be understood that technical terms that can be understood by a person skilled in the art can be properly understood. In addition, the general terms used in the present invention should be interpreted according to a predefined or prior context, and should not be construed as being excessively reduced.

Furthermore, the singular expressions used in the present invention include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "comprising" or "comprising" or the like in the present invention should not be construed as necessarily including the various elements or steps described in the invention, Or may further include additional components or steps.

Furthermore, terms including ordinals such as first, second, etc. used in the present invention can be used to describe elements, but the elements should not be limited by terms. Terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like or similar elements throughout the several views, and redundant description thereof will be omitted.

In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail. It is to be noted that the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a sunspot group tracking device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, the sunspot group tracking device 10 includes a communication unit 100, a storage unit 200, a display unit 300, a sound output unit 400, and a control unit 500. Not all of the components of the sunspot group tracking device 10 shown in Fig. 1 are essential components, and the sunspot tracking device 10 may be implemented by more components than the components shown in Fig. 1, The sunspot tracking device 10 may be implemented by fewer components.

The communication unit 100 communicates with at least one external terminal or any internal component via a wired / wireless communication network. At this time, the external arbitrary terminal may include a satellite, a server, and the like. Herein, as a wireless Internet technology, a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wireless broadband (Wibro), a WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access), HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) , Long Term Evolution (LTE), Wireless Mobile Broadband Service (WMBS), and the like. In addition, the short range communication technology may include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Ultra Wideband (UWB), ZigBee, (NFC), Ultra Sound Communication (USC), Visible Light Communication (VLC), and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The wired communication technology may include a power line communication (PLC), a USB communication, an Ethernet, a serial communication, an optical / coaxial cable, and the like.

In addition, the communication unit 100 can transmit information to the terminal through a universal serial bus (USB).

In addition, the communication unit 100 may transmit the sun image (or sun image) transmitted from the arbitrary external server or satellite under control of the controller 500, the time information (or photographed) (Or receives) the position information of the corresponding satellite (for example, SDO satellite, stereo satellite, etc.) at the time of observing the sun image. Here, the solar image includes an AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite, an EUV 195 image of the stereo satellite, a Sun continuous line image of the SDO satellite (e.g., SDO HMI image), a magnetic field front image of the SDO satellite For example, a magnetogram image).

Under the control of the control unit 500, the communication unit 100 transmits a SRS (Solar Region Summary) and a flare event (hereinafter, referred to as " SRS ") provided from the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) of the Natioanl Oceanic and Atomospheric Administration (NOAA) Information (or flare event list), and CME (Coronal Mass Emission) detection information (or CME detection result) provided by the Solar Influence Data Center (SIDC). Here, the SIDC analyzes the LASCO image of the SOHO satellite and provides the communication unit 100 with semi-real-time CME data generated by CACTus (Computer Aided CME Tracking) that generates CME information in real time. In this case, the SRS mainly includes the area number of one or more (or plural) sunspots (or sunspot groups) on the sun's surface and the position in the solar coordinate system, the area of the sunspot group expressed by the relative area of the sunspot, The total number (or black score), the size of the sunspot in the direction of the longitude, the Mcintosh classification information of the sunspot group, and the Wilson classification information of the sunspot group.

The storage unit 200 stores various user interfaces (UI), a graphical user interface (GUI), and the like.

In addition, the storage unit 200 stores data and programs necessary for the sunspot group tracking device 10 to operate.

The storage unit 200 may be a flash memory type, a hard disk type, a multimedia card micro type, a card type memory (for example, SD or XD A random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a magnetic random access memory And a PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory). In addition, the sunspot tracking device 10 may operate in association with the web storage or operate a web storage that performs a storage function of the storage unit 200 on the Internet.

The storage unit 200 stores the sun image (or sun image) received through the communication unit 100 under the control of the control unit 500, the time information (or photographed) The position information of the corresponding satellite (for example, SDO satellite, stereo satellite, etc.) at the time of observing the sun image, the SRS, the flare event information (or flare event list), the CME detection information And so on.

The display unit 300 may display various contents such as various menu screens by using the user interface and / or graphical user interface stored in the storage unit 200 under the control of the controller 500. [ Here, the content displayed on the display unit 300 includes various text or image data (including various information data), a menu screen including data such as an icon, a list menu, and a combo box. Also, the display unit 300 may be a touch screen.

The display unit 300 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) And may include at least one of a flexible display, a 3D display, an e-ink display, and an LED (Light Emitting Diode).

The display unit 300 may display the sun image (or sun image) received through the communication unit 100 under the control of the controller 500, the time information (or photographed) (SRA), the flare event information (or flare event list), the CME detection information (or the CME detection result), the location information of the corresponding satellite at the time of observing the sun image (including SDO satellite, stereo satellite, And so on.

The voice output unit 400 outputs voice information included in a signal subjected to a predetermined signal processing under the control of the control unit 500. Here, the audio output unit 400 may include a receiver, a speaker, a buzzer, and the like.

Also, the voice output unit 400 outputs the guidance voice generated under the control of the control unit 500. [

The audio output unit 400 outputs the sun image (or sun image) received through the communication unit 100 under the control of the control unit 500, the time (E.g., SDO satellite, stereo satellite, etc.) at the time of observing the sun image, the SRS, the flare event information (or flare event list), the CME detection information Result), and the like.

The control unit 500 executes the overall control function of the sunspot group tracking device 10.

Also, the control unit 500 executes the overall control function of the sunspot group tracking device 10 using the program and data stored in the storage unit 200. [ The controller 500 may include a RAM, a ROM, a CPU, a GPU, and a bus, and the RAM, the ROM, the CPU, and the GPU may be connected to each other via a bus. The CPU accesses the storage unit 200 and performs booting using the O / S stored in the storage unit 200. The CPU 200 may use various programs, contents, data, etc. stored in the storage unit 200 So that various operations can be performed.

In addition, the control unit 500 may be configured to monitor a sun image (or a sun image) provided from an arbitrary external server (not shown) or a satellite (including an SDO satellite, a stereo satellite, etc.) (Or receives) one or more satellite images (for example, SDO satellites, stereo satellites, etc.) at a time point when the sun image is observed . Here, the solar image includes an AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite, an EUV 195 image of the stereo satellite, a Sun continuous line image of the SDO satellite (e.g., SDO HMI image), a magnetic field front image of the SDO satellite For example, a magnetogram image).

In addition, the control unit 500 may be configured to collect SRS and flare event information (or a flare event list) provided by the SWPC of the US Marine Authority (NOAA), CME detection information (or CME detection result) provided by the SIDC, And controls the communication unit 100. Here, the SIDC analyzes the LASCO image of the SOHO satellite and provides the communication unit 100 with semi-real-time CME data generated by CACTus (Computer Aided CME Tracking) that generates CME information in real time. In this case, the SRS mainly includes the area number of one or more (or plural) sunspots (or sunspot groups) on the sun's surface and the position in the solar coordinate system, the area of the sunspot group expressed by the relative area of the sunspot, The total number (or black score), the size of the sunspot in the direction of the longitude, the Mcintosh classification information of the sunspot group, and the Wilson classification information of the sunspot group.

In addition, the controller 500 generates a three-dimensional sun spherical surface (or three-dimensional sun spherical surface) based on the collected sun image.

That is, the controller 500 extracts the center of the disk and the sun's radius in the image for extracting the disk area from the collected sun image. Also, the controller 500 converts the position of the image on the disk into coordinates based on the latitude and the anomaly on the basis of the position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image. Also, the controller 500 combines the sun images converted into the latitude-based coordinates to generate an image (or image) of the entire sun spherical surface.

In addition, the controller 500 senses a sunspot group based on the collected sun image.

That is, the control unit 500 detects a sunspot group contained in the corresponding continuous line image or the magnetic field front image based on the collected continuous line image of the sun or the magnetic field front image.

If the sun image received through the communication unit 100 is a continuous line image of the sun and / or a magnetic field front image, the control unit 500 removes the label from the received sun image (or the original image). That is, the control unit 500 applies morphological processing to the original image to selectively remove only the format corresponding to the character, thereby obtaining a label-removed image.

In addition, the controller 500 performs a masking process on the label removal image (or the label removal image) to extract the disc image. That is, the control unit 500 calculates the coordinates of the center point of the disc and the coordinates of the boundary of the disc with respect to the label removal image.

Also, the controller 500 tracks the black spot located in the extracted disk image, and extracts the black spot seed. That is, the controller 500 extracts a portion corresponding to a pixel value less than a predetermined reference in the disk area as the seed of the black spot.

In addition, the controller 500 applies an area expansion technique to the extracted black spot seed. That is, the controller 500 calculates the average and standard deviation of the pixel values within the entire area corresponding to the extracted black spot seeds, and calculates the average and standard deviation of the black spot seeds from the black spot seed area to the peripheral area . At this time, the range of the pixel value used in the area expansion is set from 0 to the minimum value as "average + 1.5 * standard deviation".

Also, the controller 500 determines (or searches) a black spot based on the obtained area expanded image. At this time, the controller 500 searches (or confirms / extracts) one or more black spots including the umbra and the penumbra within the obtained area expanded image.

In addition, the control unit 500 determines the black spot group based on the one or more detected black spots. That is, the controller 500 groups the searched one or more black points (or all the searched black points) into pairs, and calculates the angular distance between the black points. In addition, the controller 500 sets the pairs having the calculated angular distance equal to or less than a preset reference distance (for example, 6 degrees) as one group. Also, the control unit 440 collates the members of different groups set as a group with respect to all the discovered groups, and if there are overlapping members, sets the two pairs into one group and expands them into a larger group.

In this way, the control unit 500 sets the searched one or more (or plural) of the black spots as one group in accordance with the angular distance between the two or more searched one or more (or plural) And the second group is set as one group to determine the black spot group.

In this way, the control unit 500 detects the sunspot group included in the corresponding sun image based on the collected sun images (including, for example, a continuous line image, a magnetic field front image, and the like).

In addition, the control unit 500 may determine whether or not the sunspot group size, sunspot group size, sunspot group size, hardness direction size, Information).

That is, the control unit 500 corrects the projection effect of the plurality of (or one or more) black spots included in the detected sunspot group according to the position on the sun's surface degree, And calculates the area of the corresponding sunspot group by adding the areas calculated for the plurality of blackspots.

In addition, the controller 500 confirms the area of the sunspot group (or the area of the solar active area) corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 calculates the number of the black spots included in the detected sunspot group.

In addition, the controller 500 checks the number of the black spots included in the sunspot group corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 calculates the size of the horizontal direction based on the pixel positions of the black spot located at the leftmost and rightmost of the plurality of black spots included in the detected sunspot group, and calculates the size of the calculated horizontal direction And converted into a projected angle to calculate the magnitude direction magnitude of the corresponding sunspot group.

Also, the control unit 500 confirms the magnitude of the longitudinal direction of the sunspot group corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 classifies the sunspot group based on the sun image collected through the communication unit 100. Here, the sunspot group classification may be classified into morphological classification (for example, including McIntosh classification system (Zpc class) and the like) and classification by magnetic field structure (for example, Wilson magnetic field classification system (alpha, beta, beta- - delta), etc.).

In addition, the controller 500 determines (classifies) the class of the detected sunspot group (or sunspot) based on the McIntosh classification (or McIntosh classification).

That is, the control unit 500 confirms (or determines) which class classification the detected sunspot group corresponds to, among the classifications according to a predetermined Macintosh classification method based on size, shape, distribution type, Determine the type of sunspot group. Here, the Macintosh classification method includes Z, p, and c. In this case, Z is a modified Zurich class, p is a type of Largest Sunspot, and c is a sunspot distribution.

In addition, the controller 500 determines whether or not the number of the black spots in the group (or the sunspot group), the maximum distance between the black spots, the presence or absence of penumbra according to the distribution of pixel values in the black spots, The Macintosh Z in the Macintosh classification method (Zpc) is classified based on the geometric width of the area and the like.

In addition, the control unit 500 may be configured to determine whether or not the Macintosh based on the presence or absence of reflection of the black spots, the reflection development information, the black point boundary information (POI), the NS direction width of the black spots, p.

In addition, the controller 500 classifies the Macintosh c in the Macintosh classification method (Zpc) based on the spatial range of the black point group, the relative area ratio between the total area of the black point and the total area of the black point,

In addition, the controller 500 may check the Macintosh classification level corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 determines the magnetic field class of the sunspot group based on the collected sun image (or a magnetic field front image (for example, a magnetogram image (or a magnetic recording image), etc.)).

In addition, the control unit 500 determines which classification level the complexity of the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic field front image corresponds to, among the classifications by the Wilson classification method (or the Wilson magnetic field classification method) To determine the magnetic field complexity of the corresponding sunspot. Here, the magnetic field class includes alpha, beta, beta-gamma, beta-gamma-delta, and the like. In this case, the alpha is a case where the distribution of the magnetic pole polarity in the black dot group is dominant in one of (+) or (-), and the relative ratio between the number of pixels having polarities of (+) and . In addition, the beta is a case where the distribution of the magnetic pole polarity in the black spot group is not dominant in either (+) or (-), and the area occupied by the two polarities is relatively well divided, It is drawn simply and clearly. The beta-gamma is a case where the distribution of the magnetic pole polarity in the black point group is not dominant in either (+) or (-), and the dividing line dividing the area occupied by the two polarities is complicatedly drawn The dog is drawn. In addition, the beta-gamma-delta is a case in which a large pole of the black spots in the black point group has umbra, which has two or more different polarities in one penumbra, - Since it is most likely to have the property of gamma, it can be classified as beta-gamma-delta.

In addition, the controller 500 may check the Wilson classification level corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 confirms flare history information corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected flare event information.

Also, the controller 500 checks the latest CME information for a preset period (for example, the latest one month) based on the collected CME detection information (or CME detection result).

The controller 500 may further include marker information including flare history information, size information, Wilson classification information, growth history information, and the like in order to display the latest characteristic information on the sunspot group in the form of icons .

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to display the latest characteristic information on the corresponding sunspot group in the form of icons, the controller 500 sets the flare history information, the size The Wilson classification information, and the growth history information are respectively positioned in the upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right directions.

Here, in the flare history information displayed on the upper left of the icon form (or circular form), blue indicates no flare, yellow indicates C1 flare to M5 flare, orange is equal to or greater than M5 flare, X1 Indicates less than flare, and red indicates more than X1 flare. Further, in the size of information displayed on the icon in the form of the lower left, blue indicates a small state than 100 × 10 -6, yellow indicates a small state than 500 × 10 -6 greater than or equal to 100 × 10 -6, the orange Indicates a state that is greater than or equal to 500 x 10 -6 and less than 1000 x 10 -6 , and red indicates a state equal to or greater than 1000 x 10 -6 . In the Wilson classification information displayed on the upper right side of the icon form, blue represents alpha, yellow represents beta, orange represents beta-gamma, and red represents beta-gamma-delta. In the growth history information displayed in the lower right of the icon form, blue indicates a state in which the growth rate within the latest 24 hours is less than or equal to 25%, yellow indicates a state of -25% to 25%, orange indicates 25 % And less than 50%, and red indicates a condition greater than or equal to 50%.

The control unit 500 may display the generated three-dimensional sun spherical surface (or three-dimensional sun spherical surface) on a part of the display unit 300, and display the detected sunspot group, Information and the like.

In addition, the controller 500 displays the ASSA number, the SRS number (or AR number) and the generated marker information for the detected sunspot group in another area (or active area) of the display unit 300.

When one of the sunspot groups is selected from among the one or more sunspot groups displayed on the display unit 300, the control unit 500 calculates the area of the sunspot group related to the selected sunspot group, (Or graph area) of the display unit 300. The display unit 300 displays a plurality of pieces of information such as the number of sunspots, the size of the sunspot group in the longitudinal direction, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, Here, the area of the sunspot group displayed on another partial area of the display unit 300 corresponds to the area of the sunspot group calculated by the automatic synoptic solar analyzer (ASSA) through the sunspot group tracking device 10 , An area corresponding to the corresponding sunspot group in the SRS collected through the communication unit 100 is displayed together. The number of sunspots of the sunspot group displayed on another partial area of the display unit 300 corresponds to the number of sunspots of the sunspot group calculated by the solar activity prediction model through the sunspot group tracking device 10, The number of sunspots corresponding to the sunspot group is displayed together. The magnitude direction magnitude of the sunspot group displayed on another partial area of the display unit 300 corresponds to the magnitude of the longitudinal direction of the sunspot group calculated by the solar activity prediction model through the sunspot group tracking device 10, Along with the magnitude of the longitudinal direction corresponding to the corresponding sunspot group in the SRS.

In this manner, the position of the recognized sunspot group is displayed on the three-dimensional sunspot with respect to the sunspot group automatically recognized based on the sun image provided in real time, and the area of the active sunspot group, the area of the sunspot group, The size of the sunspot of the sunspot group, the size of the longitudinal direction of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, and the latest CME information.

Hereinafter, a method of tracking the sunspot group according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 17. FIG.

3, 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of tracking a sunspot group according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, the communication unit 100 receives a sun image (or a sun image) provided from an arbitrary external server (not shown) or a satellite (including an SDO satellite, a stereo satellite, etc.) (Or photographed) time information of the satellite, the position information of the satellite (including SDO satellite, stereo satellite, etc.) at the time of observing the sun image, and the like. Here, the solar image includes an AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite, an EUV 195 image of the stereo satellite, a Sun continuous line image of the SDO satellite (e.g., SDO HMI image), a magnetic field front image of the SDO satellite For example, a magnetogram image).

For example, the communication unit 100 may include an AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite transmitted from an external server, time information of an AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite, a location information of the corresponding SDO satellite at the time of observing the AIA 193 image, The EUV 195 images of the stereo satellites A and B, the time information of the EUV 195 images of the stereo satellites A and B, and the time information of the corresponding stereo satellites A and B at the time of observing the EUV 195 images of the stereo satellites A and B (E.g., SDO HMI image) of the SDO satellite, a magnetic field front image (e.g., a magnetogram image) of the SDO satellite, and the like.

The communication unit 100 includes a SRS (Solar Region Summary) and flare event information (or flare event list) provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) of the Natioanl Oceanic and Atomospheric Administration (NOAA) (CME detection result) provided by the Solar Influence Data Center (CME). Here, the SIDC analyzes the LASCO image of the SOHO satellite and provides the communication unit 100 with semi-real-time CME data generated by CACTus (Computer Aided CME Tracking) that generates CME information in real time. In this case, the SRS mainly includes the area number of one or more (or plural) sunspots (or sunspot groups) on the sun's surface and the position in the solar coordinate system, the area of the sunspot group expressed by the relative area of the sunspot, A total number (or black score) of the sunspot group, a magnitude of the longitudinal direction of the sunspot group, Mcintosh classification information of the sunspot group, Wilson classification information of the sunspot group, and the like (S310).

Then, the control unit 500 generates a three-dimensional sun spherical surface (or three-dimensional sun spherical surface) based on the collected sun image.

That is, the controller 500 extracts the center of the disk and the sun's radius in the image for extracting the disk area from the collected sun image. Also, the controller 500 converts the position of the image on the disk into coordinates based on the latitude and the anomaly on the basis of the position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image. Also, the controller 500 combines the sun images converted into the latitude-based coordinates to generate an image (or image) of the entire sun spherical surface.

For example, the control unit 500 may combine the AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite shown in FIG. 4 with the EUV 195 image of the stereo A satellite and the EUV 195 image of the stereo B satellite shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, 7, a final three-dimensional solar spherical surface is generated (S320).

Then, the controller 500 detects the sunspot group based on the collected sun image.

That is, the control unit 500 detects a sunspot group contained in the corresponding continuous line image or the magnetic field front image based on the collected continuous line image of the sun or the magnetic field front image.

For example, the controller 500 detects at least one sunspot group present on the collected sun image through the process shown in FIG. 10 (S330).

Then, the control unit 500 determines whether or not the sunspot group size, the sunspot group size, the sunspot group size, the hardness direction size, the Macintosh classification information (or the Macintosh classification information), the Wilson classification information Information).

In addition, the controller 500 confirms flare history information corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected flare event information.

Also, the controller 500 checks the latest CME information for a preset period (for example, the latest one month) based on the collected CME detection information (or CME detection result).

That is, the control unit 500 corrects the projection effect of the plurality of (or one or more) black spots included in the detected sunspot group according to the position on the sun's surface degree, And calculates the area of the corresponding sunspot group by adding the areas calculated for the plurality of blackspots.

In addition, the controller 500 confirms the area of the sunspot group (or the area of the solar active area) corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 calculates the number of the black spots included in the detected sunspot group.

In addition, the controller 500 checks the number of the black spots included in the sunspot group corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 calculates the size of the horizontal direction based on the pixel positions of the black spot located at the leftmost and rightmost of the plurality of black spots included in the detected sunspot group, and calculates the size of the calculated horizontal direction And converted into a projected angle to calculate the magnitude direction magnitude of the corresponding sunspot group.

Also, the control unit 500 confirms the magnitude of the longitudinal direction of the sunspot group corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected SRS.

In addition, the controller 500 determines (classifies) the class of the detected sunspot group (or sunspot) based on the McIntosh classification (or McIntosh classification).

That is, the control unit 500 confirms (or determines) which class classification the detected sunspot group corresponds to, among the classifications according to a predetermined Macintosh classification method based on size, shape, distribution type, Determine the type of sunspot group. Here, the Macintosh classification method includes Z, p, and c. In this case, Z is a modified Zurich class, p is a type of Largest Sunspot, and c is a sunspot distribution.

In addition, the controller 500 determines whether or not the number of the black spots in the group (or the sunspot group), the maximum distance between the black spots, the presence or absence of penumbra according to the distribution of pixel values in the black spots, The Macintosh Z in the Macintosh classification method (Zpc) is classified based on the geometric width of the area and the like.

In addition, the control unit 500 may be configured to determine whether or not the Macintosh based on the presence or absence of reflection of the black spots, the reflection development information, the black point boundary information (POI), the NS direction width of the black spots, p.

In addition, the controller 500 classifies the Macintosh c in the Macintosh classification method (Zpc) based on the spatial range of the black point group, the relative area ratio between the total area of the black point and the total area of the black point,

In addition, the controller 500 determines the magnetic field class of the sunspot group based on the collected sun image (or a magnetic field front image (for example, a magnetogram image (or a magnetic recording image), etc.)).

In addition, the control unit 500 determines which classification level the complexity of the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic field front image corresponds to, among the classifications by the Wilson classification method (or the Wilson magnetic field classification method) To determine the magnetic field complexity of the corresponding sunspot. Here, the magnetic field class includes alpha, beta, beta-gamma, delta, and the like. In this case, the alpha is a case where the distribution of the magnetic pole polarity in the black dot group is dominant in one of (+) or (-), and the relative ratio between the number of pixels having polarities of (+) and . In addition, the beta is a case where the distribution of the magnetic pole polarity in the black spot group is not dominant in either (+) or (-), and the area occupied by the two polarities is relatively well divided, It is drawn simply and clearly. The beta-gamma is a case where the distribution of the magnetic pole polarity in the black point group is not dominant in either (+) or (-), and the dividing line dividing the area occupied by the two polarities is complicatedly drawn The dog is drawn. In addition, the delta is a case in which any one of the black spots in the black spot group has umbra, which has two or more different polarities in one penumbra, and the polarity distribution as a whole has a property of the beta-gamma (Beta) -gamma-delta (S340).

Then, the controller 500 displays marker information including flare history information, size information, Wilson classification information, growth history information, and the like, in order to display the latest characteristic information on the sunspot group in the form of icons .

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to display the latest characteristic information on the corresponding sunspot group in the form of icons, the controller 500 may set, for four color patches positioned in a circle, the flare history information The size information, the Wilson classification information, and the growth history information are located in the upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right directions, respectively (S350).

Thereafter, the controller 500 displays the generated three-dimensional sun spherical surface (or three-dimensional sun spherical surface) on a partial area of the display unit 300, and displays the detected sunspot group and sensed time information And displays the ASSA number, the SRS number (or AR number) and the generated marker information for the detected sunspot group in another area (or active area) of the display unit 300.

8, the controller 500 may display the generated three-dimensional sun spherical surface in a first region 810 of the display unit 300, and may detect the three-dimensional sun spherical surface on the three- Which indicates the sunspot group. At this time, the three-dimensional sun spherical surface, the sunspot group, and the like displayed on the display unit 300 may be displayed in the form of a web page.

8, the control unit 500 may include an ASSA number, an SRS number (or an AR number) and at least one marker for the at least one sunspot group detected in the second area 820 of the display unit 300. [ Information is displayed (S360).

When any one of the sunspot groups is selected from among the one or more sunspot groups displayed on the display unit 300, the controller 500 calculates the area of the sunspot group related to the selected sunspot group, (Or graph area) of the display unit 300. The display unit 300 displays a plurality of pieces of information such as the number of sunspots, the size of the sunspot group in the longitudinal direction, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information,

For example, when a sunspot group having an ASSA number of 10629 and an AR number of 2382 is selected from the plurality of sunspot groups shown in FIG. 8, the controller 500 selects the selected ASSA number 10629 (933), Sunspot number (932), Sunspot size (933), Macintoshes classification information (934), Wilson classification information (935), Flare history information The latest CME information 937 and the like are displayed on the third area 930 of the display unit 300 in step S370.

Figure 10 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of detecting a sunspot group according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, if the sun image received through the communication unit 100 is a continuous line image of the sun and / or a magnetic field front image, the control unit 500 removes the label from the received sun image (or original image).

That is, the control unit 500 applies morphological processing to the original image to selectively remove only the format corresponding to the character, thereby obtaining a label-removed image.

For example, the control unit 500 may apply the morphological processing technique to the original image (or the continuous line image / SDO HMI image) shown in FIG. 11 to generate a character (for example, The label removal image is obtained as shown in FIG. 12 in which only the form corresponding to the label (i.e., the label located) is selectively removed (S1010).

Thereafter, the controller 500 performs masking on the label removal image (or the label removal image) to extract the disk image.

That is, the control unit 500 calculates the coordinates of the center point of the disc and the coordinates of the boundary of the disc with respect to the label removal image.

For example, the controller 500 performs the mask processing on the label removal image shown in FIG. 12 to obtain the disk image shown in FIG. 13 (S1020).

Thereafter, the controller 500 tracks the black spot located in the extracted disk image, and extracts the black spot seed.

That is, the controller 500 extracts a portion corresponding to a pixel value less than a predetermined reference in the disk area as the seed of the black spot.

At this time, the controller 500 extracts a portion corresponding to a pixel value less than or equal to the threshold value in the disk area through "Threshold value = average value-constant * standard deviation ". Here, the predetermined constant C is about 6.0, which is a value obtained through analysis of various sample data.

For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the control unit 500 extracts the seed of the black spot (S1030).

Thereafter, the control unit 500 applies an area extension technique to the extracted black spot seeds.

That is, the controller 500 calculates the average and standard deviation of the pixel values within the entire area corresponding to the extracted black spot seeds, and calculates the average and standard deviation of the black spot seeds from the black spot seed area to the peripheral area . At this time, the range of the pixel value used in the area expansion is set from 0 to the minimum value as "average + 1.5 * standard deviation".

For example, as shown in FIG. 15, the controller 500 acquires an area expansion image by applying the area expansion technique to the black spot seed (S 1040).

Then, the control unit 500 determines (or searches) the sunspot based on the obtained area expanded image. At this time, the controller 500 searches (or confirms / extracts) one or more black spots including the umbra and the penumbra within the obtained area expanded image.

For example, as shown in FIG. 16, the controller 500 searches for one or more black spots included in the acquired region expansion image, which are included in the acquired region expansion image (S 1050).

Then, the controller 500 determines (or determines) a sunspot group based on the one or more detected sunspots.

That is, the controller 500 groups the searched one or more black points (or all the searched black points) into pairs, and calculates the angular distance between the black points. In addition, the controller 500 sets the pairs having the calculated angular distance equal to or less than a preset reference distance (for example, 6 degrees) as one group. Also, the control unit 440 collates the members of different groups set as a group with respect to all the discovered groups, and if there are overlapping members, sets the two pairs into one group and expands them into a larger group.

In this way, the control unit 500 sets the searched one or more (or plural) of the black spots as one group in accordance with the angular distance between the two or more searched one or more (or plural) And the second group is set as one group to determine the black spot group.

For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the controller 500 automatically detects the sunspot group by grouping the searched one or more black spots (S1060).

As described above, the embodiment of the present invention displays the position of the recognized sunspot group on the three-dimensional sunspot with respect to the sunspot group automatically recognized based on the sun image provided in real time, The results of classification of the sunspot group generated every hour by providing the active area, the area of the sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, It is possible to easily track a specific sunspot group by applying a function of automatically tracking the sunspot group, improve the management and operation efficiency of the sunspot group tracking device, and provide predetermined change amount information per period.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are intended to illustrate rather than limit the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed according to the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention displays the position of the recognized sunspot group on a three-dimensional sunspot for an automatically recognized sunspot group on the basis of a sun image provided in real time, and displays an active region, an area of the sunspot group, By providing the sunspot number of sunspot group, the sunspot direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, the latest CME information, and the like, Time tracking of a specific sunspot group, improving the management and operation efficiency of the sunspot group tracking apparatus, and providing the preset change amount information per cycle. It can be widely used in the fields of sunspot observation and time series analysis Can be used.

10: sunspot tracking device 100: communication part
200: storage unit 300: display unit
400: Audio output unit 500: Control unit

Claims (9)

1. A sunspot tracking apparatus for providing change amount information on a sunspot group included in a sun image transmitted from an external server or satellite,
A sun image transmitted from the external server or the satellite, time information of observing the sun image, position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image, SWPC of the Natioanl Oceaninc and Atomospheric Administration (NOAA) A communication unit for receiving SRS (Solar Region Summary) and flare event information provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center and CME detection information provided by the SIDC (Solar Influence Data Center);
Generating a three-dimensional solar spherical surface based on the collected sun image, detecting a sunspot group based on the collected sun image, calculating an area of the sunspot group for the detected sunspot group, a number of sunspots of the sunspot group, And the Wilson classification information, and confirms the flare history information corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected flare event information, and based on the collected CME detection information, In order to display the latest characteristic information on the detected sunspot group in the form of an icon, flare history information, size information, Wilson classification information, and growth information related to the detected sunspot group are displayed. A control unit for generating marker information including history information; And
And a display unit for displaying the generated three-dimensional solar spherical surface in some areas and displaying an ASSA number and SRS number for the detected sunspot group in another area and the generated marker information,
Wherein,
Extracting a center of the disk and a sun radius in the image for extracting the disk region from the collected sun image, and based on the position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image, And combining the solar images converted into the latitude-based coordinates to generate the three-dimensional solar spherical surface. The method according to claim 1,
The above-
An AIA 193 image of the SDO satellite, an EUV 195 image of the stereo satellites A and B, a continuous line image of the sun of the SDO satellite, and a magnetic field front image of the SDO satellite. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
Removing the label from the received original image to obtain a label removal image when the sun image as the received original image is the sun's continuous line image and the magnetic field front image and masking the label removal image Extracting a disk image, tracking a black spot located within the extracted disk image to extract a black spot seed, applying an area extension technique to the extracted black spot seed to obtain an area extension image, Searches for a black spot based on the image, and determines a black spot group based on the one or more detected black points. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
Calculating an area of a plurality of black spots included in the detected sunspot group as a unit of one millionth of a predetermined sunspot by correcting a projection effect according to a position on a sunpath angle of the sunspot, And calculates the area of the detected sunspot group by summing the areas. The method according to claim 1,
When a specific sunspot group is selected from the ASSA number and the SRS number for a plurality of sunspot groups displayed in other areas of the display unit and the generated marker information, the control unit displays, in another partial area of the display unit, Wherein the area of the sunspot group related to the sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, and the CME information are displayed. A method of tracking a sunspot group that provides change information on a sunspot group included in a sun image transmitted from an external server or satellite,
A sun image transmitted from the external server or the satellite, time information obtained by observing the sun image, position information of the satellite at the time of observing the sun image, information provided by the SWA of the US Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Collecting SRS and Flare event information and CME detection information provided by the SIDC;
Generating a three-dimensional solar spherical surface based on the collected sun image through a control unit;
Sensing a sunspot group based on the collected sun image through the control unit;
Calculating the area of the sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, and the Wilson classification information for the detected sunspot group through the control unit;
Confirming flare history information corresponding to the detected sunspot group based on the collected flare event information through the control unit;
Checking CME information for a predetermined period based on the collected CME detection information through the controller;
A marker including the flare history information, the size information, the Wilson classification information, and the growth history information related to the detected sunspot group in order to display the latest characteristic information on the detected sunspot group in an icon form, Generating information; And
Displaying the generated three-dimensional sun spherical surface on a part of the area through the display unit and displaying the ASSA number and the SRS number for the detected sunspot group on the other area and the generated marker information,
The step of calculating the area of the sunspot group for the detected sunspot group includes:
Calculating an area of a plurality of black spots included in the detected sunspot group through a unit of a unit of one millionth of a predetermined sunspot by correcting a projection effect according to a position on a sunpath of the sunspot; And
And calculating an area of the detected sunspot group by summing the areas calculated for the plurality of sunspots through the control unit. 8. The method of claim 7,
When a specific sunspot group is selected from the ASSA number and the SRS number for a plurality of sunspot groups displayed in another area of the display unit and the generated marker information, Further comprising the step of displaying the area of the sunspot group, the number of sunspots of the sunspot group, the longitudinal direction size of the sunspot group, the Macintosh classification information, the Wilson classification information, the flare history information, and the CME information. delete
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