KR101572252B1

KR101572252B1 - Closure body for closing an opening of a vessel

Info

Publication number: KR101572252B1
Application number: KR1020110049140A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 악셀 파울
Original assignee: 티센크루프 마린 시스템즈 게엠베하
Priority date: 2010-06-09
Filing date: 2011-05-24
Publication date: 2015-11-26
Also published as: KR20140095595A; DE102010023265A1; EP2394906B1; EP2394906A3; ES2683358T3; EP2394906A2

Abstract

The closure for closing the opening of the ship is composed of a fiber composite material. The fibers in the outer edge region of the closure are arranged in a unidirectional direction towards the outer periphery of the closure.

Description

CLOSURE BODY FOR CLOSING AN OPENING OF A VESSEL [0002]

The present invention relates to a closure for closing an opening of a ship having a construction known from the preamble of claim 1.

Particularly for military ships, bulkhead doors, hatch covers and the like must have a massive structural design since these doors or covers may be exposed to high compression and / or impact loads. Generally, the doors and hatch covers in such ships are typically made of correspondingly strong steel plates for this reason. From this point of view, these doors and hatch covers in principle have a relatively large mass because they eventually require a complex operating mechanism to open and close these doors and covers.

The bulkhead door known from U.S. Patent No. 7,213,528 B1 does not have this disadvantage because it is made of a lightweight composite material. However, the relatively low compressive strength of the bulkhead door is limited in areas where high compressive or impact loads on the bulkhead door can be expected.

With respect to such shortcomings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a closure for closing a ship having a relatively high pressure resistance in a small mass.

This object is achieved by a closure having the constitution described in claim 1. Other advantageous configurations of this enclosure are evident from the description of the invention and from the dependent claims as well as the drawings. According to the present invention, the configurations specified in the dependent claims can be further improved independently of each other or according to the invention according to claim 1 by a technically feasible combination.

The closure according to the invention for closing the opening of the vessel is made of a fiber composite. The closure may be provided to close the bulkhead or hatch and its end is fastened, for example by a hinge, through a conventional process to a wall which forms the boundary of the opening to be closed, such that it can be rotated or moved. Ships in which the enclosure is used may be manned or unmanned surface vessels or submarines. In view of the present invention, the fiber composite is understood as a fiber-plastic composite material such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber or aramid fiber-reinforced plastic. These materials are distinguished by relatively low weight and good strength properties.

In order for the enclosure to withstand higher compression and / or impact loads, the present invention provides that the fibers in the outer edge region of the enclosure are arranged in one direction in the direction of the outer periphery of the enclosure. That is, essentially all fibers are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the enclosure around the rear of the region bounding the outer periphery of the enclosure. The purpose of this construction is to turn a compressive force acting perpendicular to the closed body onto the outer edge region of the closure, wherein these forces generate tensile strain on the fibers arranged in the outer peripheral direction. This is advantageous in that the fibers of the fiber composite materials have a high strength, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the fibers. As such, it can be realized that the closure has better or better compression resistance than the previously fibrous closure bodies other than steel plates, and advantageously provides a lower weight advantageously. The reduced weight of the closure in accordance with the present invention is not limited to any mechanism that must be present to move the closure, such as to the door, as well as to the structural elements hinged to the outer edge of the closure, Leads to a smaller load. Thus, these components can be provided with a simpler design in terms of dimensions and structure when used in a closure according to the present invention.

In order to be able to transfer the load acting on the closure body in a particularly effective way to the outer periphery of the closure body, the compression of the inner region of the closure enclosed by the outer edge region is expected to act on the closure body It is provided with a convexly curved design in the direction of the load.

The curvature of the interior region of the enclosure may reflect the curvature of the ellipsoidal head used in the compression tank construction. These curved parts also have a property called a film stressed state, which, under load, absorbs the tensile or compressive forces transmitted to the outer edges of these parts but does not have a bending moment. Correspondingly, the compressive load acting on the inner region of the closure according to the invention results in only a tensile force which is transferred to the outer edge region of the closure which is structurally strengthened in the manner just described.

The curvature of the inner zone against the direction of the compressive force acting on the inner zone has the advantage of providing an enhanced level of safety against the occurrence of undesirable intermediate fiber tearing and the occurrence of this tear is due to the failure of the enclosure, Resulting in so-called "weeping ".

In the interior region of the enclosure, the fibers of the fiber composite may be arranged transversely or obliquely relative to the fibers in the outer edge region. In a closure having a basically rectangular outer contour, such as, for example, a bulkhead door, the fibers of the fiber composite may be advantageously arranged transversely to the fiber progression of the fibers in the outer edge region on the two longitudinal sides of the closure have.

The fibers of this composite material can be arranged essentially in a single direction on the inner region of the enclosure, which means that they are all arranged transversely or at an angle to one another with respect to the fibers of the outer edge region. In addition, however, it may also be advantageous that the fibers in the inner region are arranged crosswise to one another. In this case, for example, similar to warp and weft fibers in a fabric, several fibers can be arranged side by side in a first direction, and several fibers arranged side by side can be arranged in different directions, In a second direction, transverse or oblique to the direction of the fibers, wherein the fibers do not need to be bonded together through the crossing fibers, but can be stacked on top of each other, if desired, while changing the arrangement. The cross-shaped arrangement of the fibers can further increase the compression resistance of the closure according to the invention.

The interior region of the enclosure according to the invention is preferably designed in multiple layers. The interior region of the enclosure may comprise, for example, a plurality of overlappingly arranged fiber cloths, fiber plates or fiber mats, all of which are sandwiched together by a plastic matrix. In this case, all the fiber layers can be composed of the same fiber material, or the fiber layers constituted by varying the fiber materials can be combined and the strength properties of the enclosure using a combination of materials are further improved.

In the multi-layer structure of the inner region of the enclosure, each of the individual layers is typically arranged in one direction. Thus, the compressive or impact forces acting on each of the inner regions of the enclosure are guided equally to the individual layers and are dispersed in a direction corresponding to the fiber arrangement of each layer in the outer edge region of the reinforced closure.

The inner region of the closure according to the invention can consist of a plurality of layers of fibrous material, wherein all the fibers have the same arrangement. From the viewpoint of further increasing the compressive strength and the compressive hardness, however, it is essential that the fibers of the individual layers are arranged transversely and / or diagonally with respect to each other. Thus, each of the plurality of layers having a unidirectional fiber arrangement is arranged in a superposed manner such that the fibers in the other layers are arranged transversely or at an angle to each other.

An advantage for a frame forming the outer edge region of the closure is that the wall thickness of the frame is larger than the wall thickness of the inner region of the closure. In this connection, it is preferred that the closure has a modular structure consisting of a closed frame and a curved inner portion such as a clam. Preferably, the frame and the inner portion are rigidly joined to each other in such a manner that the inner portion is supported against the inner side of the frame.

Advantageously further, the cross-section of the frame may be tapered from the side contacting on the outer edge region of the opening to be closed towards the outside. Thus, the inner cross-section of the frame becomes larger as the distance from the outer edge region of the opening to be closed increases. The outer edge of the inner part forming the inner region of the closure according to the invention is also also oblique, in which the oblique angle corresponds to the inclination of the inner side of the frame. Since both the inner and outer edges of the frame are oblique, the compressive force acting on the inner portion transitions from the inner portion to the frame and is converted to a clamping force acting transversely with respect to the circumferential direction of the frame That is, the resultant tangential circumferential tensile stress in the frame.

The enclosure surrounding the frame is typically arranged on one side of the frame provided adjacent the outer edge region of the opening to be closed. For example, the enclosure may be adhesively bonded to the side of the frame provided adjacent the outer edge region of the opening to be closed. More advantageously, grooves along the entire periphery of the frame can be formed on this side of the frame, preferably into which the annular enclosure is partly embedded, thereby fixing it geometrically on the frame do.

There is a particular advantage when the enclosure according to the invention is used in a submarine. The submarine has at least one internal space sealed from the external pressure of the submarine, wherein an opening is formed in a wall that interfaces with the internal space. This opening can be sealed from the internal pressure by means of at least one closing body of the kind described above. The internal space of the submarine can be the internal pressure hull of the submarine, where the hatch formed on the pressure-resistant diagonal wall can be sealed against the water pressure caused by the high pressure resistance during the immersion operation by the enclosure. In addition, any other opening in the pressure hull of the submarine can be sealed by the means of the closure according to the invention.

There is a further advantage for the submarine according to the invention, which is a submarine with several chambers that can block the entry of water. In this case, the closed aperture may preferably be formed on the separating wall dividing the pressure hull of the submarine into two chambers, wherein a closure for closing the opening is arranged on each outer side of the separating wall.

These openings formed on the dividing wall dividing the pressure hull into two chambers have been closed by means of iron doors until now, depending on the penetration of water into the chamber, the pressure load from both sides after entry of water into the pressure- I had to be able to withstand. These iron doors and their locking devices had to be correspondingly large in design. In addition, the waterproofing for such iron doors is complicated because the enclosure provided for this purpose must be sealable in two opposite directions.

In the submarine according to the present invention, such a bulkhead door has become easier to seal. The two enclosures used in accordance with the present invention, which are opposed to the closure made of iron, are obviously lighter when comparable strength properties are given. In addition, the applicability of both enclosures allows for the use of commercially feasible enclosures to allow for a more simplified use and to seal the enclosure, since these enclosures only allow each enclosure to be moved in only one direction .

The two enclosures are normally curved outwardly from the openings that are closed, so that after the water enters the submarine's internal pressure hull, each enclosure that is holding the water behind, regardless of where the water is infiltrated, It is convexly curved in the direction of the water pressure acting on the body, which means the direction in which its compressive strength becomes maximum.

The closure of the present invention is capable of closing the opening of a vessel with a relatively high pressure resistance in a small mass and is obviously lighter when comparable strength characteristics are given. In addition, since the enclosure seals each enclosure only in one direction, allowing for more simplified use and allowing the use of commercially available enclosures to seal the enclosure.

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a submarine that is very simplified in perspective;
Figure 2 is a front view of the enclosure which is very simplified in perspective; and
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in Fig. 2, and is an enlarged view of the closed body according to Fig. 2;

The present invention will be described in more detail on the basis of an exemplary configuration shown in the drawings. The submarine shown in Fig. 1 shows the pressure hull 2. This pressure hull 2 is divided into a bow-side chamber 6a and a stem-side chamber 6b by a separating wall 4 which is normally aligned with the longitudinal extension of the submarine. This separating wall 4 is provided with one opening 8. This opening 8 forms one passage from the chamber 6a of the pressure hull 2 to the chamber 6b and vice versa. The opening 8 is surrounded by the opening frame 10.

The closing body 12 for closing the opening 8 is located on the outer side of the opening frame 10 facing the space 6a and on the outside of the opening frame facing the space 6b. This closure 12 is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. The outer contour of the closure 12, here composed of a carbon fiber composite, composed of a fiber composite, is basically formed of two straight longitudinal sides joined to two rounded portions. The closure body 12 is composed of an outer edge region 14 and an inner region 16 which cover the outer periphery.

This outer edge region 14 consists of a closed frame 14. The fibers 18 are aligned in one direction within the outer edge region 14 or frame 14 and are parallel to one another around the outer periphery of the enclosure 12. [ At the closed position of the closure 12, the frame 14 is adjacent to the opening frame 10. In order to seal the closing body 12 with respect to the opening frame 10 on the side of the frame 14 adjacent to the opening frame 10 in the closed position of the closing body 12, A groove 20 extending along the peripheral portion is formed, and this groove includes the annular sealing member 22. [

The interior region 16 of the closure body 12 is formed by a curved internal portion 16, such as a shell. The inner portion 16 is adjacent to and facing the inner side 24 of the frame 14. The wall thickness of the inner portion 16 is smaller than the wall thickness of the frame 14 and is essentially rigid. The inside 24 of the frame 14 is arranged so as to move from the opening frame 10 to be inclined outward beyond the entire inner periphery of the frame 14. Thus, the outer edge of the inner portion 16 is properly tilted such that the frame 14 tapers outwardly from the side from which it is adjacent. Consequently, the compressive force acting on the inner portion 16 generates a clamping force acting on the frame 14 toward the outside, accompanied by a force component acting in the closing direction of the closure.

The curvature of the inner portion 16 extends in the direction of the expected compressive load acting on the closure 12. Such an arrangement is advantageous in that the inner portion 16 can absorb a lateral compressive force that is greater than the lateral tensile strain. For this reason the curvature of the closure 12 disposed in the chamber 6a extends from the opening 8 to the chamber 6a which allows the water pressure to withstand the water while entering the chamber 6a . Correspondingly, the curvature of the inner portion 16 of the closure arranged in the chamber 6b extends from the opening 8 to the chamber 6b. For this reason, the curvature is convex with respect to the boundary line of the cell 6a or the cell 6b.

The inner region 16 or the inner portion 16 of the enclosure has a plurality of layers and is composed of a plurality of fibrous layers stacked on each other. Each of these fibrous layers has fibers arranged in a unidirectional direction, wherein the fibrous layers overlap each other and are arranged in such a way that the cisterns alternate with the fibrous layers. As is evident from Fig. 2, the first fibrous layer shows fibers 26 arranged essentially transversely with respect to the obturator of the enclosure 12. In the second fiber layer, the fibers 28 are obliquely inclined with respect to the fibers of the first fiber layer. Finally, the fibers 30 of the third fiber layer are also obliquely inclined with respect to the fibers of the first fiber layer and are basically arranged normally on the fibers 28 of the second fiber layer. The varying arrangement of the fibers 26,28 and 30 in the individual fibers has a high durability, especially for the inner portion 16, and for this reason a high compression resistance.

2: withstand pressure angle 4:
6a, 6b: column 8: opening
10: frame 12: closed body
14: outer edge area, frame
16: inner region 18: fiber
20: groove 22: enclosure
24: inner side 26: fiber
28: Fiber 30: Fiber

Claims

In a closed body composed of a fiber composite and for closing the opening 8 of the vessel,
The fibers 18 are arranged in a single direction from the outer edge region of the enclosure 12 to the outer periphery of the enclosure 12,
Characterized in that the fibers (26, 28, 30) of the fiber composite are arranged transversely or obliquely with respect to the fibers (18) in the outer edge region of the inner region (16).

2. The closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner region (16) of the enclosure (12) surrounded by the outer edge region is curved in the direction towards the compressive load expected to act on the enclosure (12) sieve.

delete

The enclosure according to claim 2, characterized in that the fibers (26, 28, 30) are arranged in an intersection with each other in the interior region (16).

The enclosure according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner region (16) is composed of multiple layers.

5. A closure according to claim 4, characterized in that the fibers (26, 28, 30) of the layers comprising the inner region (16) of the closure (12) are each arranged in a single direction.

6. Closure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the fibers (26, 28, 30) of the individual layers are arranged transversely or obliquely with respect to each other.

A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame (14) forms the outer edge region of the enclosure (12) and the wall thickness of the frame (14) Wherein the wall thickness is larger than the wall thickness.

8. A closure according to claim 7, characterized in that the frame (14) is tapered from the side adjacent to the outer edge region of the opening (8) closed towards the outside on the cross section.

3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enclosure (22) surrounding the frame (14) is arranged on one side of the frame (14) provided adjacent the outer edge region of the opening Characterized by a closed body.

A submarine having at least one internal space sealed from external pressure of a submarine and having an opening (8) in a wall bounded by the internal space,
Characterized in that the opening (8) can be pressure-tight sealed by means of at least one closure (12) according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4 to 6.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the closed aperture (8) is formed on a separating wall (4) dividing the submarine's internal pressure hinge (2) into two chambers (6a, 6b) (12) are arranged on each outer side of the separating wall (4).

13. A submarine according to claim 12, characterized in that the two enclosures (12) are curved outwardly from the opening (8) in which they are closed.