KR101563867B1 - charging apparatus and electric vehicle including the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a charging apparatus and an electric vehicle having the charging apparatus. A charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a converter for converting an input AC power source to a DC power source in a charging mode and a control unit for controlling the converter, the converter including: a motor; and an input AC power source Phase switching elements in a charging mode and a switching section for supplying a DC power from a battery to an AC power source by a switching operation of three-phase switching elements in a motor operation mode, And an inverter that operates the switching elements to convert the power supplied from the motor to a predetermined direct current power. Accordingly, charging can be easily performed using an AC power source.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging apparatus,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging device and an electric vehicle having the charging device, and more particularly, to a charging device that can easily perform charging using an AC power source and an electric vehicle having the charging device.

The automobile that emerged by the invention of the internal combustion engine is a necessity indispensable to the life of mankind. However, it causes the problem of energy exhaustion due to environmental pollution and consumption of enormous energy. There is a tendency to develop and use an electric vehicle, an internal combustion engine, and a hybrid vehicle that combines them.

[0003] On the other hand, such an electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle generates output by using a motor and a battery, and various attempts have been made to improve output and mileage.
On the other hand, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1999-0039024 discloses the use of a separate switching element in the power charging mode and in the motor driving mode. In this case, it is troublesome to provide a separate switching element.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device that can easily perform charging using an AC power source, and an electric vehicle having the charging device.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a charging apparatus includes a converter for converting an input AC power source to a DC power source in a charging mode, and a control unit for controlling the converter. The converter includes a motor, Phase switching elements to convert the direct-current power from the battery to an alternating-current power to drive the motor, and in the charging mode, the three-phase And an inverter that operates switching elements of one of the switching elements to convert the power supplied from the motor to a predetermined direct current power.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric vehicle including a battery and a charging device including a converter for converting an input AC power source into a DC power source and a control unit for controlling the converter in a charging mode The converter includes a motor and a switching unit for supplying an input AC power to the motor by a switching operation. In the motor operation mode, the DC power from the battery is converted into an AC power by the switching operation of the three- And an inverter for switching the power supplied from the motor to a predetermined direct current power by operating the switching elements of one of the three phase switching elements in the charging mode.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the charging apparatus and the electric vehicle having the charging apparatus operate in one of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter in the charging mode so that the input AC power is supplied to the switching unit, And is supplied to the battery. Thus, charging using the AC power can be performed simply.

In particular, the converter may comprise a switching unit, a motor, and an inverter, wherein the switching unit and the inverter may operate as a boost converter, and by operation of one of the three phase switching devices of the inverter, Can operate as a boost converter, so that the charging device can eventually operate as a buck-boost converter. Thus, depending on the battery charging power source, the converter is able to adaptively perform the step-up or step-down operation.

On the other hand, since the charging device uses a motor and an inverter, the switching part alone can operate as a buck-boost converter, thereby reducing manufacturing cost.

Further, since a capacitor having a large rated voltage is not used between a switching unit operating as a buck converter and a motor operating as a boost converter, the manufacturing cost is reduced.

On the other hand, at the time of initial charging, since the switch elements of any one of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter are operated after the rotor position of the motor is determined, the movement of the motor rotor in the charging mode can be minimized.

On the other hand, by implementing the inverter, the control unit, and the switching unit in the charging apparatus on the same circuit board, the charging apparatus can be made compact.

1 is a schematic view showing a vehicle body of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an internal block diagram of the driving unit of FIG.
Fig. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of the driving unit of Fig.
Fig. 4 is a simplified structural view of the motor of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 illustrates an equivalent circuit diagram of the driving unit of Fig.
6 and 7 are drawings referred to explain the operation of the circuit diagram of Fig.
8 is an internal block diagram of the control unit of FIG.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The suffix "module" and " part "for components used in the following description are given merely for convenience of description, and do not give special significance or role in themselves. Accordingly, the terms "module" and "part" may be used interchangeably.

1 is a schematic view showing a vehicle body of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, an electric vehicle 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery 205 that supplies power, a motor driver 200 that receives power from a battery 205 and drives the motor 250, A motor 250 that is driven and rotated by the motor driving unit 200, a front wheel 150 and a rear wheel 155 that are rotated by the motor 250 and a front suspension unit 160 and a rear wheel suspension 165. [ Meanwhile, a driving gear (not shown) for converting the rotational speed of the motor 250 according to the gear ratio may be additionally provided.

The battery 205 supplies power to the motor driving unit 200. In particular, DC power is supplied to the capacitor C in the motor driving unit 200.

The battery 205 may be formed of a plurality of unit cells. A plurality of unit cells may be managed by a battery management system (BMS) to maintain a constant voltage, and a certain voltage may be discharged by the battery management system.

For example, the battery management system can detect the voltage Vbat of the battery 205 and transmit it to an electronic control unit (not shown) or the control unit 230 in the motor driving unit 200, Is lower than the lower limit, the DC power stored in the capacitor C in the motor driving unit 200 can be supplied to the battery. In addition, when the battery voltage Vbat rises above the upper limit value, the DC power may be supplied to the capacitor C in the motor driving unit 200.

The battery 205 is preferably a secondary battery capable of charging or discharging, but is not limited thereto.

The motor driving unit 200 receives DC power from the battery 205 by the power input cable 120 in the motor operation mode. The motor driving unit 200 converts the DC power received from the battery 205 into an AC power and supplies the AC power to the motor 250. The alternating power source to be converted may be a three-phase alternating current power source.

The motor driving unit 200 supplies the three-phase AC power to the motor 250 through the three-phase output cable 125 provided in the motor driving unit 200 in the motor operation mode. Although the motor driving unit 200 of FIG. 1 shows a three-phase output cable 125 composed of three cables, three cables may be provided in a single cable.

On the other hand, in the charging mode, the motor driving unit 200 can receive the input AC power, convert the input AC power to DC power, and supply the DC power converted into the battery 205. Accordingly, the motor driving unit 200 can be called a charging device.

In this specification, the motor driving unit 200 and the charging device are used in combination, but this may mean the same device.

The motor driving unit 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described later with reference to FIG.

The motor 250 includes a stator 130 that is fixed without rotation, and a rotating rotor 135. The motor 250 is provided with an input cable 140 to receive AC power supplied from the motor driver 200. The motor 250 may be, for example, a three-phase motor, and when the alternating-current power source of variable voltage / variable frequency is applied to the coil of each stator, the rotational speed of the rotor varies in accordance with the applied frequency .

The motor 250 may be of various types such as an induction motor, a BLDC motor (blushless DC motor), and a reluctance motor.

Meanwhile, a driving gear (not shown) may be provided at one side of the motor 250. The drive gear converts the rotational energy of the motor 250 according to the gear ratio. The rotational energy output from the driving gear is transmitted to the front wheel 150 and / or the rear wheel 155 to allow the electric vehicle 100 to move.

The front suspension unit 160 and the rear suspension unit 165 support the front wheel 150 and the rear wheel 155, respectively, with respect to the vehicle body. The front suspension unit 160 and the rear suspension unit 165 are supported by a spring or a damping mechanism so that the vibration of the road surface does not touch the vehicle body.

The front wheel 150 may further include a steering device (not shown). The steering apparatus is a device for adjusting the direction of the front wheel 150 so as to drive the electric vehicle 100 in a direction intended by the driver.

On the other hand, although not shown in the drawing, the electric vehicle 100 may further include an electronic controller for controlling electronic devices throughout the electric vehicle. An electronic control unit (not shown) controls each device so that it can operate and display. It is also possible to control the above-described battery management system.

The electronic control unit (not shown) includes an inclination angle sensing unit (not shown) for detecting the inclination angle of the electric vehicle 100, a speed sensing unit (not shown) for sensing the speed of the electric vehicle 100, (A driving mode, a reverse mode, a neutral mode, a parking mode, and the like) on the basis of a detection signal from an accelerator pedal (not shown) Can be generated. The operation command value at this time may be, for example, a torque command value or a speed command value.

On the other hand, in the electric vehicle 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a pure electric vehicle using a battery and a motor may be a concept including a hybrid electric vehicle using a battery and a motor while using an engine of course. At this time, the hybrid electric vehicle may further include a switching means capable of selecting at least one of a battery and an engine, and a transmission. On the other hand, a hybrid electric vehicle can be divided into a serial system that converts mechanical energy output from the engine into electric energy to drive the motor, and a parallel system that uses both mechanical energy output from the engine and electrical energy from the battery.

FIG. 2 is an internal block diagram of the driving unit of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of the driving unit of FIG.

The motor driving unit 200, that is, the charging device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a converter 405 and a control unit 430. [ The converter 405 may include a switching unit 410, a motor 250, an inverter 420, and a dc / dc converter 445. Here, the dc / dc converter 445 can be optionally provided.

The switching unit 410 is disposed at the front end of the motor 250 and includes the switching device S1 so that the input AC power source 201 can be supplied to the motor 250 by the switching operation of the switching device.

Although the input AC power source 201 is shown as a single-phase AC power source in the figure, it may be a three-phase AC power source.

The rectifier unit 412 rectifies the input AC power source 201 may be further provided at the front end of the switching unit 410. [

3 illustrates that four diodes Da, Db, Dc, and Dd are used as a bridge in the rectifying unit 412 for a single-phase AC power source.

The switching unit 410 includes a switching device S1 for switching the power output from the rectifying unit 412 to transfer the power to the motor 250 and a diode D1 disposed between the switching device S1 and the motor 250. [ . ≪ / RTI > Meanwhile, a capacitor Cx may be further provided between the switching unit 410 and the rectifying unit 412 to smooth the rectified power.

The switching unit 410 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the motor 250, can be used to operate as a buck converter. The conventional buck converter includes an inductor, but according to the embodiment of the present invention, the switching unit 410 does not have an inductor and uses a coil component wound around the stator 130 in the motor 250 as an inductor.

Fig. 3 illustrates an equivalent circuit of the motor 250. Fig. The three-phase motor 250 can be electrically represented by a-phase inductor La, b-phase inductor Lab, and c-phase inductor Lc.

Meanwhile, it is assumed that the switching unit 410 according to the embodiment of the present invention operates as a buck converter.

 The switching element S1 in the switching part 410 can be controlled by the switching control signal Scc of the controller 430. [

Although not shown in the figure, an input current detection unit (not shown) may be disposed between the rectification unit 412 and the input AC power supply 201. [ An input voltage detecting unit (not shown) may be disposed at both ends of the capacitor Cx in the switching unit 410. [

The input current detection unit (not shown) can detect the input AC current input from the input AC power supply 201. [ For this purpose, a CT (current trnasformer), a shunt resistor, or the like may be used as the input current detector (not shown). The detected input alternating current may be input to the control unit 430 as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse.

The input voltage detecting unit (not shown) can detect the voltage across the capacitor Cx. For this purpose, the input voltage detecting unit may include a resistance element, an amplifier, and the like. The detected input voltage may be input to the control unit 430 as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse.

The inverter 420 includes a plurality of inverter switching elements and converts the smoothed DC power supply Vdc into a three-phase AC power supply va, vb, vc having a predetermined frequency by on / off operation of the switching element, And outputs it to the synchronous motor 230.

The inverter 420 includes a pair of upper arm switching elements Sa, Sb and Sc and lower arm switching elements S'a, S'b and S'c serially connected to each other, The switching elements are connected to each other in parallel (Sa & S a, Sb & S'b, Sc & S'c). Diodes are connected in anti-parallel to each switching element Sa, S'a, Sb, S'b, Sc, S'c.

The switching elements in the inverter 420 perform ON / OFF operations of the respective switching elements based on the inverter switching control signal Sic from the controller 430. [

The inverter 420 converts the DC power from the battery to AC power and drives the motor 250 in the motor 250 operation mode.

Meanwhile, in the charge mode, the inverter 420 according to the embodiment of the present invention operates the one-phase switching elements of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter 420. That is, only a pair of upper and lower arm switching elements of the total three pairs of the upper and lower arm switching elements can operate.

Thus, in the charging mode, the input AC power source 201 to be input can be converted to DC power via the switching unit 410, the motor 250 and the inverter 420 and supplied to the battery 205 . This will be described later with reference to FIG.

The control unit 430 can control to control the operation of the switching device in the inverter 420. To this end, the controller 430 can receive an output current detector (E in FIG. 8) the output current (i _o) detected by the.

The control unit 430 outputs the inverter switching control signal Sic to the inverter 420 to control the switching operation of the inverter 420. [ Inverter switching control signal (Sic) is output is generated by a switching control signal of a pulse width modulation (PWM), based on the output current (i _o) detected by the output current detector (E).

Meanwhile, the control unit 430 may control the switching operation of the switching element S1 in the switching unit 410. [ To this end, the control unit 430 may receive an input current detected by an input current detection unit (not shown). The control unit 430 may output the converter switching control signal Scc to the switching unit 410 to control the switching operation of the switching unit 410. [ The converter switching control signal Scc is a switching control signal of a pulse width modulation (PWM) method and can be generated and output based on an input current detected from an input current detection unit (not shown).

The output current detection section (E in Fig. 8) can detect the output current ( _io ) flowing between the inverter 420 and the three-phase motor 230. [ That is, the current flowing in the motor 230 is detected. The output current detection unit E can detect all of the output currents ia, ib, ic of each phase or can detect the output currents of two phases using the three-phase balance.

The output current detection unit E may be located between the inverter 420 and the motor 230. For current detection, a current transformer (CT), a shunt resistor, or the like may be used.

Three shunt resistors are placed between the inverter 420 and the synchronous motor 230 or the three lower arm switching elements S'a, S'b, S'c To be connected to each other. On the other hand, it is also possible to use two shunt resistors using three phase equilibrium. On the other hand, when one shunt resistor is used, the shunt resistor may be disposed between the capacitor C and the inverter 420 described above.

The detected output current (i _o) are, as discrete signals (discrete signal) of the pulse type, may be applied to the controller 430, it is by the inverter switching control signal (Sic) based on the detected output current (i _o) . In the output current detection (i _o) will now be described in that the three-phase output currents (ia, ib, ic) of the.

On the other hand, the dc / dc converter 445 may be a bi-directional converter. That is, in the motor drive mode, the direct current power stored in the battery 205 is level-converted to output the level-converted direct current power in the direction of the inverter 420. In the charge mode, by the switching operation of the inverter 420, The generated DC power can be level-converted and transmitted to the battery 205.

On the other hand, the dc / dc converter 445 may not be provided in the driving unit 200 as described above.

On the other hand, between the inverter 420 and the battery 205, a capacitor C for storing DC power can be disposed. The capacitor C is operable as a smoothing capacitor, and the smoothing capacitor C can smoothly store the input power and store it.

In the drawing, one element is exemplified by the smoothing capacitor C, but a plurality of elements are provided so that the element stability can be ensured.

3 exemplifies that the capacitor C is disposed between the inverter 420 and the dc / dc converter 445. In Fig.

On the other hand, since both ends of the capacitor C are stored with DC power, they may be referred to as a dc stage or a dc link stage.

Accordingly, the driving unit 200 may further include a dc voltage detection unit (not shown) for detecting the voltage across the capacitor C.

The dc short-circuit voltage detector (not shown) can detect the dc short-circuit voltage Vdc at both ends of the smoothing capacitor C. For this purpose, the dc voltage detection unit B may include a resistance element, an amplifier, and the like. The detected dc voltage (Vdc) may be input to the controller 430 as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse.

On the other hand, when the dc / dc converter 445 is not present between the inverter 420 and the battery 205, the dc terminal voltage Vdc detected by the dc terminal voltage detection unit (not shown) ) &_Lt; / RTI > voltage V _BAT .

Accordingly, the control unit 430 can determine whether the voltage is increased or decreased under the charge mode by using the dc voltage (Vdc) and the input voltage corresponding to the voltage (V _BAT ) of the battery 205.

The switching unit 410, the inverter 420 and the control unit 430 may be disposed in the driving unit 200, that is, in the charging device 200, in particular, on the same circuit board. This can be called an on board charger (OBC). On the other hand, by implementing the inverter, the control unit, and the switching unit in the charging apparatus on the same circuit board, the charging apparatus can be made compact.

In addition to the switching unit 410, the inverter 420 and the control unit 430, the dc / dc converter 445 is disposed in the driving unit 200, i.e., the charging device 200, , Can be formed.

Fig. 4 is a simplified structural view of the motor of Fig. 2;

Referring to the drawing, the motor 250 is a three-phase AC motor, and a PWM signal is input to a stator of phase a, phase b, and phase c, respectively. Thereby, the rotor 135 is rotated by the electric field and the magnetic field.

Meanwhile, the motor structure of FIG. 4 is only one example for explaining the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications are possible.

Meanwhile, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in the charge mode for charging the battery 205 with the input AC power, one phase of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter operates. That is, the PWM signal is applied only to the coil wound on the stator of any one of the three phases of the motor 250.

For example, in the charging mode, when the rotor 135 is positioned near the phase a as shown in FIG. 4, the controller 430 detects the rotor position and rotates the rotor 135 in a direction The switching control signal Sic may be outputted so that the rotor 135 is positioned and aligned. That is, the PWM signal is applied so that the rotor 135 is positioned and aligned on the coil a only on the coil wound on the stator of the phase a of the three phases of the motor 250.

In the drawing, an a-phase stator and a rotor 135 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined angle? K. The control unit 430 estimates the rotor position based on the position signal H sensed by the position sensing unit 235 shown in FIG. 8 or controls the output current io sensed by the output current sensing unit E. [ And controls the position of the rotor 135 on the nearest one of the three phases of the stator 130 of the motor.

In Fig. 4, since the rotor 135 is located near the phase a, the rotor 135 is aligned with the a phase stator. The control unit 430 controls the operation of the inverter 430 such that the three phases of the upper and lower arm switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, S'b, Sc and S'c in the inverter 430, Only the elements Sa and S'a can be controlled to operate.

Thus, the driving unit 200, that is, the charging device 200, can have an equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Fig.

On the other hand, when aligning the motor rotor, it is desirable that the torque command value component of the current command value component is not generated so that no torque is generated. Referring to Fig. 8, the current command value i ^* _d , i ^* _q in the current command generation unit 530 is generated. At this time, since the d-axis current command value (i ^* _q ) is the magnetic flux current command value and the q-axis current command value (i ^* _q ) represents the torque current command value, in the embodiment of the present invention, , The q-axis current command value (i ^* _q ) is set to "0". Thus, in the charging mode, when the rotor is aligned, no torque is generated, so that the movement of the electric vehicle can be minimized.

Fig. 5 illustrates an equivalent circuit diagram of the driving unit of Fig.

Referring to the drawing, in the charge mode, when the rotor 135 is aligned with the a-phase stator, the motor 250 is connected to the a-phase inductor La and the inverter 430 is connected to the a- S'a), it can be expressed on the driving unit 200 circuit.

That is, the driving unit 200 may include a switching unit 410, an inductor La, a-phase switching devices Sa and S'a, and a capacitor C.

The equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 5 shows that the switching unit 410, the inductor La, and the a-phase switching elements Sa and S'a operate as a boost converter in a boost mode, The buck converter 410 and the inductor La and the a-phase switching elements Sa and S'a are buck converter and can operate in a buck mode so that they can be referred to as a buck boost converter have.

6 and 7 are drawings referred to explain the operation of the circuit diagram of Fig.

First, FIG. 6 illustrates that the equivalent circuit diagram of the driving unit 200 of FIG. 5 operates in a boost mode.

6A shows a state where the switching element S1, the a-phase inductor La, the a-phase lower arm switching element S'a are turned on when the switching element S1 in the switching part 410 and the a- It is exemplified that a closed loop is formed by the up-down arm switching element S'a and the current I1 flows. Thereby, energy based on the current I1 is accumulated in the a-phase inductor La. At this time, the a-phase sWitec switching element Sa is turned off.

6 (b) shows a state where the switching element S1 in the switching part 410 and the a-phase upper arm switching element Sa are turned on and the switching element S1 and the a-phase upper arm switching element Sa And the current I2 flows. The energy stored in the in-phase inductor La in Fig. 6 (a) is stored in the capacitor C and the battery 205 by the current I2. As a result, the boosted DC power is stored in the battery 205. At this time, the a-phase lower arm switching element S'a is turned off.

6, in the boost mode, the switching element S1 in the switching part 410 continues to be turned on, and the a-phase low-arm switching element S'a performs on / off operation, that is, PWM operation.

Next, FIG. 7 illustrates that the equivalent circuit diagram of the driver 200 of FIG. 5 operates in a buck mode.

7A shows a state in which when the switching element S1 in the switching part 410 and the a-phase sWitch switching element Sa are turned on, the switching element S1 and the a-phase sWitch switching element Sa And the current I3 flows. The DC power is stored in the capacitor C and the battery 205 by the current I3. On the other hand, energy based on the current I3 is accumulated in the a-phase inductor La. At this time, the a-phase lower arm switching element S'a is turned off.

7B shows a state in which the diode D1, the a-phase inductor La, the a-phase inductor Lc and the a-phase inductor Lc are turned on when the switching element S1 in the switching unit 410 and the a- And the current I4 flows through the diode Dsa connected in anti-parallel to the upper arm switching element S'a. In particular, by this, energy based on the current I1 is accumulated in the a-phase inductor La. At this time, the a-phase sWitec switching element Sa is turned off.

7, in the buck mode, the switching element S1 in the switching part 410 is on / off operated, that is, PWM is operated, and the a-phase low-arm switching element S'a is continuously turned off.

The step-up operation or the step-down operation of the driving unit 200, that is, the charging apparatus 200 is performed by detecting the voltage sensed at both ends of the capacitor C and the both ends of the capacitor Cx disposed at the output terminal of the rectifying unit 412 And can be determined by comparison of the restored voltage.

The control unit 430 controls the switching elements S1 to S1 so that the voltage sensed at both ends of the capacitor Cx is lower than the voltage sensed at both ends of the capacitor C, , Sa, S'a) can be controlled.

Meanwhile, the controller 430 controls the voltage of the capacitor C so that the voltage sensed at the both ends of the capacitor Cx is larger than the voltage sensed at both ends of the capacitor C, (S1, Sa, S'a).

FIG. 8 is an internal block diagram of the control unit of FIG. 3. FIG.

8, the control unit 430 includes an axis conversion unit 510, a speed calculation unit 520, a current command generation unit 530, a voltage command generation unit 540, an axis conversion unit 550, And a control signal output unit 560.

The axial conversion unit 510 receives the three-phase output currents ia, ib, ic detected by the output current detection unit E and converts the three-phase output currents ia, ib, ic into a two-phase current iα, iβ in the stationary coordinate system.

On the other hand, the axial conversion unit 510 can convert the two-phase current i?, I? Of the still coordinate system into the two-phase current id, iq of the rotational coordinate system.

)를 연산할 수 있다. 즉, 위치 신호에 기반하여, 시간에 대해, 나누면, 속도를 연산할 수 있게 된다.Based on the position signal H of the rotor input from the position sensing unit 235, the speed calculating unit 520 calculates the speed

) Can be calculated. That is, based on the position signal, it is possible to calculate the speed by dividing it with respect to time.

Meanwhile, the position sensing unit 235 may sense the rotor position of the motor 230. For this, the position sensing unit 235 may include a Hall sensor.

)와 연산된 속도(

)를 출력할 수 있다.On the other hand, the speed computing unit 520 computes the position (H) calculated based on the position signal H of the input rotor

) And the calculated speed (

Can be output.

)와 목표 속도(ω)에 기초하여, 속도 지령치(ω^* _r)를 연산하며, 속도 지령치(ω^* _r)에 기초하여, 전류 지령치(i^* _q)를 생성한다. 예를 들어, 전류 지령 생성부(530)는, 연산 속도(

)와 목표 속도(ω)의 차이인 속도 지령치(ω^* _r)에 기초하여, PI 제어기(535)에서 PI 제어를 수행하며, 전류 지령치(i^* _q)를 생성할 수 있다. 도면에서는, 전류 지령치로, q축 전류 지령치(i^* _q)를 예시하나, 도면과 달리, d축 전류 지령치(i^* _d)를 함께 생성하는 것도 가능하다. 한편, d축 전류 지령치(i^* _d)의 값은 0으로 설정될 수도 있다. On the other hand, the current command generation section 530 generates the current command

) Based on the speed command value ω ^* _r and the target speed ω and generates the current command value i ^* _q based on the speed command value ω ^* _r . For example, the current command generation unit 530 generates the current command

The PI controller 535 performs the PI control based on the speed command value? ^* _{R that} is the difference between the target speed? And the target speed?, And generates the current command value i ^* _q . In the figure, the q-axis current command value (i ^* _q ) is exemplified by the current command value, but it is also possible to generate the d-axis current command value (i ^* _d ) unlike the figure. On the other hand, the value of the d-axis current command value i ^* _d may be set to zero.

On the other hand, the current command generation unit 530 may further include a limiter (not shown) for limiting the current command value i ^* _q so that the current command value i ^* _q does not exceed the allowable range.

Next, the voltage command generation unit 540 generates the voltage command generation unit 540 based on the d-axis and q-axis currents (i _d , i _q ) axially transformed into the two-phase rotational coordinate system in the axial conversion unit and the current command value based on ^{_{i * d, i * q)}} , and generates a d-axis, q-axis voltage command value ^{_{(v * d, v * q}} ). For example, the voltage command generation unit 540 performs PI control in the PI controller 544 based on the difference between the q-axis current (i _q ) and the q-axis current command value (i ^* _q ) It is possible to generate the axial voltage command value v ^* _q . Further, voltage command generation unit 540, on the basis of the difference between the d-axis current (i _d) and, the d-axis current command value (i ^* _d), and performs the PI control in the PI controller (548), d-axis voltage It is possible to generate the command value v ^* _d . On the other hand, the value of the d-axis voltage command value v ^* _d may be set to 0 corresponding to the case where the value of the d-axis current command value i ^* _d is set to zero.

The voltage command generator 540 may further include a limiter (not shown) for limiting the level of the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values v ^* _d and v ^* _q so as not to exceed the permissible range .

On the other hand, the generated d-axis and q-axis voltage command values (v ^* _d , v ^* _q ) are input to the axial conversion unit 550.

)와, d축, q축 전압 지령치(v^* _d,v^* _q)를 입력받아, 축변환을 수행한다.The axis transforming unit 550 transforms the position computed by the velocity computing unit 520

) And the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values (v ^* _d , v ^* _q ).

)가 사용될 수 있다.First, the axis converting unit 550 performs conversion from a two-phase rotating coordinate system to a two-phase stationary coordinate system. At this time, the position computed by the speed calculator 520

) Can be used.

Then, the axis converting unit 550 performs conversion from the two-phase stationary coordinate system to the three-phase stationary coordinate system. Through this conversion, the axial conversion unit 1050 outputs the three-phase output voltage instruction values v ^* a, v ^* b, v ^* c.

The switching control signal output unit 560 generates an inverter switching control signal Sic according to the pulse width modulation (PWM) method based on the three-phase output voltage set values v ^* a, v ^* b and v ^* c And outputs it.

The output inverter switching control signal Sic may be converted into a gate driving signal in a gate driving unit (not shown) and input to the gate of each switching element in the inverter 420. As a result, the switching elements Sa, S'a, Sb, S'b, Sc, and S'c in the inverter 420 perform the switching operation.

Meanwhile, the control unit 430 may control the switching operation of the switching element S1 in the switching unit 410. [

The charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention and the electric vehicle having the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the configuration and method of the embodiments described above, All or some of the embodiments may be selectively combined.

The method for operating the charging apparatus of the present invention can be implemented as a code that can be read by a processor on a recording medium readable by a processor included in the charging apparatus. The processor-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by the processor is stored.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

A converter for converting an input AC power source to a DC power source in a charging mode; And
And a control unit for controlling the converter,
The converter includes:
motor;
A switching unit for supplying the input AC power to the motor by a switching operation; And
In the motor operation mode, the DC power from the battery is converted into an AC power by the switching operation of the three-phase switching elements to drive the motor, and in the charging mode, the switching elements of one of the three- An inverter for converting a power supplied from the motor into a predetermined direct current power;
And an output current detector disposed between the motor and the inverter for detecting an output current flowing to the motor,
Wherein,
Estimates a rotor position of the motor based on the output current detected by the output current detection unit,
In the charging mode,
Controls one of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter so that the rotor of the motor is aligned at a predetermined position, based on the estimated position,
And controls the phase switch elements to output a switching control signal that does not generate torque component of the current command value component. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein in the charge mode, the switching element in the switching part, the motor, and the one-phase switching element of the inverter operate in a buck mode or in a boost mode. The method according to claim 1,
During the charging mode,
Wherein when the lower arm switching element of the one-phase switching elements of the inverter is turned on and then turned off while the switching element in the switching section is turned on, the switching element, the motor, The device operates in the boost mode,
When the switching element in the switching part is turned on and then turned off in a state where the lower arm switching element of the one-phase switching element of the inverter is turned off, the switching element in the switching part, Wherein the device operates in a buck mode. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the inverter, the control unit, and the switching unit are formed on the same circuit board. delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
In the charging mode,
And controls the switching elements on the corresponding one of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter so as to be located on the nearest one of the three phases of the stator of the motor based on the estimated rotor position. The method according to claim 1,
The converter includes:
Further comprising: a rectifying unit for rectifying the input AC power and supplying the rectified input AC power to the switching unit. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
A speed calculator for calculating rotor speed information of the motor based on the detected output current;
A current command generator for generating the current command value based on the speed information and the speed command value;
A voltage command generator for generating a voltage command value based on the current command value and the detected current; And
And a switching control signal output unit for outputting a switching control signal for driving the inverter based on the voltage command value. battery; And
And a charging device including a converter for converting an input AC power source to a DC power source in a charging mode and a control unit for controlling the converter,
The converter includes:
motor;
A switching unit for supplying the input AC power to the motor by a switching operation; And
In the motor operation mode, the DC power from the battery is converted into an AC power by the switching operation of the three-phase switching elements to drive the motor, and in the charging mode, the switching elements of one of the three- An inverter for converting a power supplied from the motor into a predetermined direct current power;
And an output current detector disposed between the motor and the inverter for detecting an output current flowing to the motor,
Wherein,
Estimates a rotor position of the motor based on the output current detected by the output current detection unit,
In the charging mode,
Controls one of the three-phase switching elements of the inverter so that the rotor of the motor is aligned at a predetermined position, based on the estimated position,
And controls the phase switch elements to output a switching control signal that does not generate a torque distribution component of the current command value component. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the charging device comprises:
Wherein in the charging mode, the switching element in the switching part, the motor, and the one-phase switching element of the inverter operate in a buck mode or in a boost mode. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the charging device comprises:
During the charging mode,
Wherein when the lower arm switching element of the one-phase switching elements of the inverter is turned on and then turned off while the switching element in the switching section is turned on, the switching element, the motor, The device operates in the boost mode,
When the switching element in the switching part is turned on and then turned off in a state where the lower arm switching element of the one-phase switching element of the inverter is turned off, the switching element in the switching part, Wherein the device operates in a buck mode. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the inverter, the control unit, and the switching unit are formed on the same circuit board in the charging device. delete 11. The method of claim 10,
The converter includes:
Further comprising: a rectifying unit rectifying the input AC power and supplying the rectified AC power to the switching unit. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein,
A speed calculator for calculating rotor speed information of the motor based on the detected output current;
A current command generator for generating the current command value based on the speed information and the speed command value;
A voltage command generator for generating a voltage command value based on the current command value and the detected current; And
And a switching control signal output unit for outputting a switching control signal for driving the inverter based on the voltage command value.

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