KR101562517B1 - Concrete structure of crack safety measurement system - Google Patents
Concrete structure of crack safety measurement system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101562517B1 KR101562517B1 KR1020150106276A KR20150106276A KR101562517B1 KR 101562517 B1 KR101562517 B1 KR 101562517B1 KR 1020150106276 A KR1020150106276 A KR 1020150106276A KR 20150106276 A KR20150106276 A KR 20150106276A KR 101562517 B1 KR101562517 B1 KR 101562517B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- concrete structure
- displacement
- temperature
- temperature sensor
- displacement transducer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
- G01K1/143—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations for measuring surface temperatures
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a crack detection system for a concrete structure in which a facility manager can easily and easily check the safety state of a concrete structure. The system includes a displacement transducer 10 installed on a concrete structure 1 and measuring displacement of the concrete structure 1, ; A fixing member 31 fixed to the concrete structure 1 and having a receiving groove sr opened toward the concrete structure 1 and a fixing member 31 extending from the fixing member 31 so that the displacement converter 10 is exposed directly to direct sunlight (30) which is composed of an upper shielding member (32) which covers the upper shielding member (32) so as not to cover the upper shielding member (32). A temperature sensor (22) installed in the receiving groove (sr) of the door (30) and measuring the surface temperature of the concrete structure (1); A control unit 41 for periodically and repeatedly outputting the displacement measurement value input from the displacement converter 10 and the temperature measurement value input from the temperature sensor 22 together with the measurement time, And an output unit (42) for outputting an output signal.
According to this embodiment, it is possible to measure the crack displacement of a concrete structure and measure the surface temperature of a concrete by installing it at a point where minute cracks are generated in a concrete structure, and the facility manager confirms safety status and crack progress Can be efficiently managed.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system that enables a facility manager to easily confirm and determine whether or not a crack occurring in a concrete structure is harmful or not.
Reinforced concrete has many advantages as a structural material, and it can represent a cost-effective structure without being greatly restricted by the shape and dimensions of the structure.
Reinforcing bars are a suitable material for tensioning, and concrete is very fragile for tension but is economical for compression.
These reinforced concrete are durable structural materials which reasonably use these two materials, and they are widely used for civil engineering and important structures such as bridges and buildings.
On the other hand, reinforced concrete is cracked due to many factors, and it is influenced by factors such as characteristics of materials used, construction problems, design problems, and factors caused by the use environment.
Also, cracks are classified into structural cracks and nonstructural cracks. Dry shrinkage cracks are nonstructural cracks, but flexural cracks and shear cracks are structural cracks.
On the other hand, the facility manager can determine whether the cracks in the concrete structure have occurred, or when a clear judgment has been made, whether the repair is necessary or whether reinforcement is necessary, will be.
Recently, many tools and tools have been developed to check the cracks of concrete structures as described above, and cracks of concrete structures can be easily checked through them.
However, the tools and apparatuses for checking the cracks of the conventional concrete structures are easily responded to the temperature changes and the errors are significant, and it is practically difficult to evaluate and analyze accurate cracks due to such errors.
An object of the present invention is to provide a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system capable of accurately evaluating and analyzing cracks by minimizing occurrence of errors due to temperature changes.
According to an aspect of the present invention,
A displacement transducer installed in a concrete structure to measure the displacement of the concrete structure;
A fixing member having a receiving groove fixed to the concrete structure and opened toward the concrete structure and an upper covering member extending from the fixing member to cover the displacement transducer so as not to be exposed to direct sunlight;
A temperature sensor installed in the receiving groove of the door and measuring the surface temperature of the concrete structure;
A controller configured to periodically and repeatedly output the displacement measurement value input from the displacement converter and the temperature measurement value input from the temperature sensor together with the measurement time and an output unit configured to transmit the output value from the control unit to the external recording medium .
Here, the fixing member is formed with a protrusion along a bottom edge thereof;
And one surface of the temperature sensor embedded in the receiving groove protrudes more than the projection or is disposed in the same plane as the end of the projection.
The fixing member may further include an elastic body that pushes the temperature sensor downwardly into the receiving groove of the fixing member.
Here, the fixing member is divided into a protective portion and a mounting portion;
At least one coupling groove is provided on the upper surface of the protection portion;
And the mounting portion is provided with a coupling protrusion which is press-fitted and detachably attached to the coupling groove.
Here, the upper shielding member is further provided with side shielding members extending downward from both side ends in the longitudinal direction and provided with ventilation holes at regular intervals.
Further, according to the present invention,
A displacement transducer installed in a concrete structure to measure the displacement of the concrete structure;
A temperature measuring unit installed on the concrete structure adjacent to the displacement transducer through a fixing unit to measure the temperature of the concrete structure;
A temperature sensor formed integrally or detachably with the temperature measuring device to shield the displacement transducer from direct exposure to direct sunlight;
And an indicator configured to periodically and repeatedly output the displacement measurement value input from the displacement converter and the temperature measurement value input from the temperature meter together with the measurement time and an output unit for transmitting the output value from the control unit to the external recording medium .
Here,
A case having an interior vertically penetrating therethrough;
A temperature sensor penetrating through the lower portion of the case so that the lower portion faces the concrete structure and the cable formed on the upper portion penetrates the upper portion of the case;
And an elastic body inserted in the case and pushing the temperature sensor downward.
Here, the case may be reinforced with a fixing portion having a screw tab formed on an outer circumferential surface thereof;
The above-
A fixing plate having a coupling hole to be fitted in the fixing portion and a cutout portion to be in communication with the coupling hole;
And an upper shielding plate extending from the fixing plate and disposed at an upper portion of the displacement converter.
Here, the case may be provided with a rotation stopper having a polygonal surface and a fixing part formed on an upper surface of the rotation stopper and having a screw tab formed on the outer surface thereof;
The above-
A fixing plate having an engaging hole formed in a shape corresponding to the rotation stopper and fitted in the rotation stopper, and a cutout communicating with the engaging hole;
An upper shielding plate extending from the fixing plate and disposed at an upper portion of the displacement transducer to shade;
And a side covering member extending downward from both side ends of the upper covering plate and having air holes formed at regular intervals.
According to this embodiment, it is possible to measure the crack displacement of a concrete structure and measure the surface temperature of a concrete by installing it at a point where minute cracks are generated in a concrete structure, and the facility manager confirms safety status and crack progress Can be efficiently managed.
According to the present embodiment, since the upper part of the displacement transducer continuously exposed to the direct sunlight is blocked by the oblique aperture, the displacement transducer is not directly exposed to the direct sunlight, so that the error of the displacement transducer due to temperature can be remarkably reduced, In addition, since the temperature sensor can block the direct sunlight and the outside air, accurate measurement results can be obtained from the displacement transducer and the temperature sensor. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the direct contact with the rain, can do.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the side shielding member is further reinforced on the upper shielding plate of the passenger compartment, the upper and side portions of the displacement transducer are shielded, so that direct contact with the rain can be minimized, In addition, since a plurality of ventilation holes formed in the side shielding member allows the outside and inside air to freely pass and circulate, it is possible to solve the problem that the internal temperature of the passenger compartment rises, You can expect.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state of installation of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention. FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A 'of FIG. 2;
4 is a view illustrating a process of installing a door and a temperature sensor in a system for cracking safety diagnosis of a concrete structure according to the present invention.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of a perspective view and an installed state of another embodiment of a vehicle door in a concrete structure crack safety diagnosis system. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of a doorway in a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a bottom perspective view showing a temperature measuring device and a car door in the crack structure safety diagnosis system of a concrete structure according to the present invention. FIG.
10 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B 'in Fig. 8;
11 is a view showing a process of installing the temperature measuring instrument and the motorcycle of FIG. 9;
12A and 12B are exploded perspective views showing still another embodiment of a temperature measuring instrument and a door of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a sectional view showing the installed state of the temperature measuring instrument shown in Figs. 12A and 12B. Fig.
FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are exploded perspective views illustrating another embodiment of a temperature measuring device in a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention and a process of installing the temperature measuring device. FIG.
16 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of a temperature measuring device and a door of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention.
17 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of a temperature measuring instrument and a door of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a correlation between components of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention. FIG.
19 is a view for explaining a state of use of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an installation state of a crack diagnosis system for a concrete structure according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of a concrete structure crack diagnosis system for a concrete structure according to the present invention, 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A 'in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a view showing a process of installing a cold junction and a temperature sensor in a crack structure safety diagnosis system for a concrete structure according to the present invention.
1 and 19, the concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a
1 and 19, the
Both ends of the
The
For example, the
Since the
1 to 4, the
The fixing
The hole may be omitted if necessary since the adhesive is used as a fixing means at the edge of the fixing
A protrusion P protruding downward is integrally formed around the bottom edge of the
The
For example, the
In addition, since the above-mentioned
Further, since the
The
At this time, a gap G (see FIG. 3) is preferably formed between the
In this embodiment, one surface (lower surface) of the
The
3 and 4, when the
On the other hand, when the surface of the
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the elastic member T that pushes the
FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of a perspective view and an installed state of another embodiment of a doorway in a concrete structure crack safety diagnosis system. FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the elastic body T is a leaf spring.
According to this embodiment, since the elastic body T provided in the receiving groove sr of the fixing
When the elastic body T is installed in the
For this purpose, the fixing
5 and 6, the fixing
According to the present embodiment, first, the
When the elastic body T and the mounting
On the other hand, the
5 and 6, at least one
According to the present embodiment, the
Although not specifically shown, a separate plate is provided between the
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a doorway in a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system. FIG.
In the preceding embodiment, since the car A is once in the form of a support beam, there is a high possibility that it will be damaged if a strong external force acts on the
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when the upper shielding
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B 'of FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 is a view showing a process of installing the temperature gauge and the motorcycle of FIG.
8 to 11, another embodiment of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention has the same overall configuration as that of the preceding embodiment, and there is a slight difference in some configurations (a temperature measuring instrument and a car door).
Referring to FIG. 8, another embodiment of the concrete structure crack diagnosis system of the present invention comprises a
8 and 11, the
The
Here, the
A protrusion P protruding downward is integrally formed around the bottom edge of the
The
In this embodiment, one surface (lower surface) of the
The
According to this embodiment, when the adhesive is injected through the hole of the
Referring to FIG. 8, the
12A and 12B are exploded perspective views showing another embodiment of the temperature measuring instrument and the door in the crack structure safety diagnosis system of the concrete structure according to the present invention and FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the installed state of the temperature measuring instrument shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B Fig.
On the other hand, when the surface of the
It should be noted that in the case of the present embodiment, an elastic body T for pushing the
12A to 13, the elastic body T is a leaf spring.
According to the present embodiment, since the elastic body T provided inside the
However, if the elastic body T is installed in the
To solve this problem, the
12A and 12B, the
A
The
When the elastic body T and the
On the other hand, the
12A and 12B, at least one
According to the present embodiment, the coupling protrusion 31-1 is formed on the fixing
On the other hand, the
FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view and a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the temperature measuring device in the concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention, and FIG. 15 is a view showing an installation process of the temperature measuring device shown in FIG.
14 and 15, the
The
The
The
In particular, it is preferable that the
On the upper surface of the
The temperature sensor 22 'is a contact type temperature sensor according to another known embodiment. The temperature sensor 22' is mounted on the
The lower end of the temperature sensor 22 'is integrally formed with a
The lower end of the temperature sensor 22 'is exposed to the outside through the
The elastic body T is a known spring and functions to push the lower end of the temperature sensor 22 'through the
According to the present embodiment, since the elastic body T installed in the
Meanwhile, as an example, according to the external environment (summer, winter), the
However, it is difficult to know whether the displacement of the
As in the present embodiment, the
However, if the displacement of the
Therefore, the
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 15, the
For example, the upper and
Particularly, the
For example, the
Furthermore, since the above-mentioned
On the other hand, the tea cup can be modified into a type that can be detached from the
16 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of a temperature measuring instrument and a cage in the crack structure safety diagnosis system of a concrete structure according to the present invention.
The mouthpiece 30D of the present embodiment is the same in overall construction as the
The
16) of the
According to the present embodiment, the
However, in the case of the above-mentioned vehicle 30D, there is a fear of being rotated about the fixed
Therefore, in this embodiment, attention should be paid to the improvement of the
17 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of a temperature measuring device and a cage in a crack structure safety diagnosis system for a concrete structure according to the present invention.
It is to be noted that the
The
For reference, the number of the
A plurality of
According to this embodiment, as described above, the
Particularly, since the
In addition, since the upper shielding
Further, since the outside air and the inside air are freely passed and circulated by the plurality of
FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a correlation between components of a concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention. FIG.
18, the
The
Referring to FIG. 18, the
For example, the portable memory may include a USB memory, an SD memory, an SDHC memory, a CF memory, a portable hard disk, and the like, which can be easily and conveniently connected to the
The printer is a device capable of recording the measurement time, the linear displacement measurement value and the temperature value received through the
An
First, when a crack (cr) is generated in the concrete structure (1) and displacement occurs, the spring plate (11) of the displacement transducer (10) changes accordingly. At this time, The
The
19 is a view for explaining the state of use of the concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 19 (a) is a view showing the installation state of the concrete structure cracking safety diagnosis system according to the present invention, 19 (b) is a view for explaining the action of the crack structure safety diagnosis system of the concrete structure according to the present invention.
1 and FIG. 19 (a), in a state in which the surface of the
More specifically, both ends of the
The fixing
Since the elastic body 23 (leaf spring or coil spring) pushes down the
The cable (c) drawn out to the outside through the fixing member (31) is connected to the indicator (40).
When the
19 (a), if the temperature measurement value of the
19 (b), if the displacement of the
More specifically, when a crack occurs in the
The
In other words, the present invention has a merit that it is possible to conveniently and effectively manage the safety status and facilities management by installing the
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be construed as limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein; rather, .
1: concrete structure 10: displacement transducer 11: spring plate
12: strain gauge 20: temperature measuring instrument 21: case
21a:
21b-1:
22a: step 23: elastomer
30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E:
31-1:
32: upper shielding member 33:
40: Indicator 41: Control section 42: Output section
50: Recording medium
Claims (9)
A fixing member having a receiving groove fixed to the concrete structure and opened toward the concrete structure and an upper covering member extending from the fixing member to cover the displacement transducer so as not to be exposed to direct sunlight;
A temperature sensor installed in the receiving groove of the door and measuring the surface temperature of the concrete structure;
A controller configured to periodically and repeatedly output the displacement measurement value input from the displacement converter and the temperature measurement value input from the temperature sensor together with the measurement time and an output unit configured to transmit the output value from the control unit to the external recording medium A crack detection system for cracking a concrete structure.
The fixing member is formed with projections along the lower edge thereof;
Wherein one surface of the temperature sensor inserted in the receiving recess protrudes more than the protrusion or is disposed in the same plane as the end of the protrusion.
Wherein the fixing member further includes an elastic body that pushes the temperature sensor downward into the receiving groove of the fixing member.
Wherein the fixing member is divided into a protective portion and a mounting portion;
At least one coupling groove is provided on the upper surface of the protection portion;
Wherein the mounting portion is provided with a coupling protrusion that is press-fitted in a detachable manner in the coupling groove.
Wherein the upper shielding member is further provided with a side shielding member extending downward from both side ends in the longitudinal direction and provided with ventilation holes at regular intervals.
A temperature measuring unit installed on the concrete structure adjacent to the displacement transducer through a fixing unit to measure the temperature of the concrete structure;
A temperature sensor formed integrally or detachably with the temperature measuring device to shield the displacement transducer from direct exposure to direct sunlight;
And an indicator configured to periodically and repeatedly output the displacement measurement value input from the displacement converter and the temperature measurement value input from the temperature meter together with the measurement time and an output unit for transmitting the output value from the control unit to the external recording medium A crack detection system for cracking a concrete structure.
The temperature measuring device includes:
A case having an interior vertically penetrating therethrough;
A temperature sensor penetrating through the lower portion of the case so that the lower portion faces the concrete structure and the cable formed on the upper portion penetrates the upper portion of the case;
And an elastic body inserted in the case and pushing the temperature sensor downward.
Wherein the case is reinforced with a fixing portion having a screw tab formed on an outer circumferential surface thereof;
The above-
A fixing plate having a coupling hole to be fitted in the fixing portion and a cutout portion to be in communication with the coupling hole;
And a top shielding plate extending from the fixing plate and disposed at an upper portion of the displacement transducer.
Wherein the case is provided with a rotation stopper having a polygonal surface and a fixing part formed on an upper surface of the rotation preventing part and having a screw tab formed on the outer surface thereof;
The above-
A fixing plate having an engaging hole formed in a shape corresponding to the rotation stopper and fitted in the rotation stopper, and a cutout communicating with the engaging hole;
An upper shielding plate extending from the fixing plate and disposed at an upper portion of the displacement transducer to shade;
And a side closure member extending downward from both side ends of the upper closure plate and having air holes at regular intervals.
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KR1020150106276A KR101562517B1 (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2015-07-28 | Concrete structure of crack safety measurement system |
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KR1020150106276A KR101562517B1 (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2015-07-28 | Concrete structure of crack safety measurement system |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101901838B1 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2018-09-27 | 신윤섭 | Concrete Crack Propagation Detector with 3D Measurement |
KR101995326B1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-07-03 | (주)우림이엔지건축사사무소 | Concrete Structure of Crack Safety Measurement System |
CN110208182A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 大连理工大学 | It is a kind of for measuring the measurement sensor and measurement method of bond-slip at fashioned iron and concrete interface |
KR20200101303A (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-27 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Structural safety diagnosis system through optical fibers for spiropyran complex |
RU201365U1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-12-11 | Открытое акционерное общество "МИНСКИЙ НИИ РАДИОМАТЕРИАЛОВ" | Strain gauge |
CN113324503A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 谭淋耘 | Multi-scene rapid arrangement crack and deformation monitoring device |
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JP2013147834A (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-08-01 | Hanshin Expressway Engineering Co Ltd | Crack monitoring method and system for bridge |
KR101421272B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-07-18 | 주식회사 혜성안전기술원 | Structure safety diagnosis equipment is bridge top board |
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2015
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2013147834A (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-08-01 | Hanshin Expressway Engineering Co Ltd | Crack monitoring method and system for bridge |
KR101421272B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-07-18 | 주식회사 혜성안전기술원 | Structure safety diagnosis equipment is bridge top board |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101901838B1 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2018-09-27 | 신윤섭 | Concrete Crack Propagation Detector with 3D Measurement |
KR101995326B1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-07-03 | (주)우림이엔지건축사사무소 | Concrete Structure of Crack Safety Measurement System |
KR20200101303A (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-27 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Structural safety diagnosis system through optical fibers for spiropyran complex |
CN110208182A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 大连理工大学 | It is a kind of for measuring the measurement sensor and measurement method of bond-slip at fashioned iron and concrete interface |
RU201365U1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-12-11 | Открытое акционерное общество "МИНСКИЙ НИИ РАДИОМАТЕРИАЛОВ" | Strain gauge |
CN113324503A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 谭淋耘 | Multi-scene rapid arrangement crack and deformation monitoring device |
CN113324503B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-11-29 | 谭淋耘 | Multi-scene rapid arrangement crack and deformation monitoring device |
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