KR101536367B1 - Inductive power supply with device identification - Google Patents

Abstract

An inductive power supply system (10) is disclosed that identifies remote devices (14) using unique identification frequencies. The system includes an AIPS 12 and a tank circuit 48 that can provide inductive power to the remote device 14 at different frequencies. The system includes a plurality of different remote devices (14) each having a unique resonant frequency. In operation, the AIPS 12 is present in the inductive field by applying power to the remote device 14 at a plurality of unique identification frequencies until the remote device 14 establishes resonance in response to one of the identification frequencies. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 14 < / RTI > The AIPS 12 includes a controller 40 that recognizes when resonance has been established by evaluating sensor data indicative of the reflected impedance of the remote device 14. Once the entity of the remote device is determined, the AIPS 12 pulls operational parameters for the remote device 14 from the memory 24 to ensure efficient operation and to recognize fault conditions.

Inductive power supply, identification frequency, resonant frequency, impedance, operating parameters

Description

{INDUCTIVE POWER SUPPLY WITH DEVICE IDENTIFICATION WITH DEVICE IDENTIFICATION}

The present invention relates to inductive power supply systems and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for providing inductive power to a variety of alternative remote devices.

Particularly in the field of consumer and business electronic products such as cell phones, music players, personal digital assistants and other remote devices, interest in wireless power supply systems has been increasing considerably and steadily. Wireless power supply systems provide various advantages over conventional wired connections. Most notably, they eliminate the need for various charging cords and the need to repeatedly plug in and unplug electronic devices for charging, thereby reducing unit cost and improving ease of use and convenience.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Systems for providing wireless power using the principles of electromagnetic induction have been available for many years. Conventional systems have experienced limited success as a result of practical limitations to previously-present induction techniques. For example, to provide reasonably efficient operation, conventional induction systems typically require a high degree of coordinated tuning between the electronics of the inductive power supply and the electronics of the remote device, as well as the tuning of the primary and secondary coils Tight alignment between the two. These problems are complicated by the fact that different remote devices typically operate within different parameters. For example, it is likely that one cell phone model will have a different set of operating parameters than the other cell phone models, and that there will be far greater differences between different types of remote devices, such as cell phones and music players have.

U. S. Patent No. 6,825, 620 to Kuennen et al. Discloses an inductive power supply system having the ability to adjust its operation to correspond to operating parameters of various loads. U.S. Patent No. 6,825,620 to Kuennen et al., Issued November 30, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference, is an "inductively coupled ballast circuit" Such an inductive power supply system can efficiently power a wide variety of loads. While there is a significant improvement over previously-existing systems, there is a need for even greater efficiency over a wider range of products that use a single inductive power supply system in some applications. In some applications, there is a need for a single inductive power supply that can perform the distinction between different loads, based on the various operating parameters of these loads. In other applications, there is a need for a single inductive power supply system that can more easily recognize fault conditions across a wide range of remote devices.

The present invention relates to an inductive power supply system in which an adaptive inductive power supply ("AIPS") identifies a remote device via reflected impedance and controls operation as a function of the identity of the remote device, ≪ / RTI > The present invention also provides AIPS with the ability to evaluate fault conditions by recognizing when a secondary circuit is operating outside normal operating conditions for the identified device.

In one embodiment, the present invention includes a controller capable of supplying power to the secondary circuit at various frequencies and AIPS having a current sensor capable of directly or indirectly sensing current in the tank circuit. In this embodiment, each remote device or remote device type includes one or more resonant frequencies that individually or collectively provide a unique signature to the device or remote device type. For example, the identification frequency (s) may uniquely identify a particular model of the cell phone or a particular model of the personal portable device. The system may also include a look-up table or other collection of data that includes operation information for one or more recognizable remote devices. This information can be used to establish operating parameters and recognize fault conditions.

In operation, AIPS applies a short power pulse to the secondary circuit at a frequency uniquely associated with a particular remote device. If the remote device has a resonant frequency at the frequency of the pulse, the remote device will draw a substantial amount of current, which will be reflected back to the tank circuit through the reflected impedance. The controller will recognize the presence of the remote device when the input from the current sensor indicates an increased power draw. This allows AIPS to recognize that a particular remote device is present and allows AIPS to obtain its operating parameters from the lookup table. Once the operating parameters are retrieved, AIPS uses the retrieved parameters to more efficiently power the device and recognizes that a fault condition has occurred if the actual operating states deviate from the retrieved operating parameters.

In some applications, the remote device may uniquely include a unique resonant frequency (or a plurality of resonant frequencies) sufficient to cause it to function at an identification frequency. In such an application, the remote device will operate in resonance when a corresponding identification frequency is applied, thereby uniquely identifying the remote device.

In other applications, the remote device may not inherently have a resonant frequency at a frequency that uniquely identifies the remote device. According to remote devices of this nature, the remote device may have an identification capacitor that is selected to provide the remote device with a unique resonant frequency (or pattern of frequencies) that can be identified using an identification ping. In some applications, the main circuit of the remote device may mask the identification capacitor. Thus, in some applications, the remote device may include a load delay circuit that isolates the main circuit of the remote device from the secondary circuit and the identifying capacitor for a period of time sufficient to allow resonance to be established by the identification capacitor and reflected to the tank circuit .

In applications where the number of potential remote devices is large, a plurality of capacitors provide a plurality of resonant frequencies to the remote devices collectively providing a unique resonant "signature " to each remote device in response to pings at different frequencies May be used. For example, the use of two different capacitors can be used to provide three separate resonant frequencies-one each for each capacitor and the third for a combination of two capacitors. In one embodiment, the presence or absence of resonance at selected frequencies can be used as bits of the binary code that can uniquely identify a plurality of remote devices with only a limited number of frequencies.

In one embodiment, the method generally includes applying a short power pulse to the secondary circuit at an identification frequency, awaiting a time period, and determining whether a remote device with a resonant frequency exists at the frequency of the short power pulse And sensing the current of the tank circuit to determine. If so, the remote device is identified and the operating parameters may be derived from a lookup table or other memory device. Otherwise, the AIPS can move to the next identification frequency and repeat the process. In some applications, a small delay is implemented between each identifying ping, allowing the circuit to stabilize so that the residual energy from one identifying ping does not affect the response of the remote device to the next identifying ping. The system may iteratively cycle over all possible identification frequencies until the remote device is positively identified.

In another embodiment, each remote device that can be powered by an inductive power supply has a capacitor with the same common resonant frequency. The inductive power supply is programmed to transmit a short power pulse at its single common resonant frequency. The response from the device indicates that the device can receive power from the power supply, as described above.

In another embodiment, each device that can be powered by an inductive power supply has a capacitor with a common resonant frequency and one or more additional capacitors with intrinsic second and / or tertiary resonant frequencies. According to the present embodiment, the inductive power supply is programmed to transmit short power pulses at a single common resonant frequency. When the feeder senses a response at that frequency, the inductive power supply delivers additional short pulses at different frequencies, or over a range of frequencies. Depending on the responses at various frequencies, the power supply can distinguish the type of device and the particular device model.

Once the remote device is identified, the AIPS can provide power to the remote device according to operating parameters derived from the memory. Additionally, AIPS helps to identify fault conditions using information from the lookup table. For example, the lookup table may include minimum and maximum operating frequencies as well as minimum and maximum operating currents. If the current drawn at the primary primary exceeds the maximum current retrieved from the look-up table, the AIPS will recognize the fault condition and take the appropriate action, such as powering down the primary coil .

The present invention provides a simple and efficient method and apparatus for identifying remote devices. The lookup table allows AIPS to retrieve information about remote devices, such as normal operating parameters. This allows AIPS to power the remote device more efficiently and to more easily identify fault conditions. In applications where a single resonant frequency does not provide a sufficient number of unique identifications, each device may be provided with a pattern of identification frequencies. In applications that uniquely include resonant frequencies (or frequency patterns) that the remote device uniquely identifies, the present invention does not require any modification to the remote device. In applications where the remote device does not include a unique resonant frequency that it uniquely identifies, the remote device may have one or more identification capacitors that provide the remote device with an identification frequency or identification frequency pattern. In another aspect, the invention provides a set of standards from which classes of remote devices can be identified by predetermined identification frequencies. This allows intelligent operation of AIPS for a virtually unlimited number of remote devices that fit into one of the classes of certain remote devices.

These and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be readily understood and understood with reference to the detailed description and drawings of the present embodiment.

1 is a schematic diagram of an inductive power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a circuit diagram of an inductive power supply system of one embodiment.

Figure 3A is a circuit diagram of an alternative remote device having an identification capacitor.

3B is a circuit diagram of an alternative remote device having a plurality of identification capacitors.

4 is a circuit diagram of a second alternative remote device;

5 is a table showing various capacitor values, and associated resonant frequencies available from selected capacitor combinations;

6 is a flowchart depicting the general steps of a method for identifying a remote device;

An inductive power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. The inductive power supply system 10 generally includes one of an adaptive inductive power supply ("AIPS ") 12 and a plurality of remote devices 14. The AIPS 12 includes a tank circuit 48 having a primary coil 18 (see FIG. 2) that is generally capable of inductively transmitting power. The AIPS also includes a controller 20 for selectively controlling the frequency at which power is generated by the primary coil 18 and a sensor 16 that can sense the reflected impedance from the remote device 14 . The AIPS 12 is for use with one or more remote devices 14, each having a pattern of intrinsic resonant frequencies or unique resonant frequencies. In operation, the AIPS 12 applies power to the primary coil 18 at an identification frequency, and then uses the current sensor 16 to evaluate the reflected impedance of the remote device 14. When the remote device 14 has a resonant frequency at the identified frequency, the AIPS 12 knows what type of remote device is inductively coupled to the AIPS 12, and the AIPS 12 receives the lookup table or other memory device The operating parameters can be restored. The recovered information can be used by the AIPS to provide efficient operation of the remote device and to identify fault conditions.

Ⅰ. Adaptive Inductive Power Supply

The present invention is suitable for use with a wide variety of adaptive inductive power supplies. As used herein, the term "adaptive inductive power supply" is intended to broadly include any inductive power supply capable of providing power at a plurality of different frequencies. For purposes of disclosure, the present invention is described in the context of certain AIPS (12). However, the disclosed AIPS 12 is merely an example, and the present invention can be implemented with essentially any AIPS capable of providing inductive power at varying frequencies.

In the illustrated embodiment, the AIPS 12 generally includes a frequency controller 20 and a tank circuit 48. In operation, the frequency controller 20 applies power to the tank circuit 48 to generate a source of electromagnetic inductive power. The frequency controller 20 of the illustrated embodiment generally includes a microcontroller 40, an oscillator 42, a driver 44, and an inverter 46. The microcontroller 40 may be a microcontroller such as the PIC18LF1320 or a more general purpose microprocessor. The oscillator 42 and the driver 44 may be discrete components or they may be integrated into the microcontroller 40. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, Lt; / RTI > The frequency controller 20 may include a low voltage power supply 26 for supplying the microprocessor 40 and the driver 44 with low voltage power. In this embodiment, the various components of the frequency controller 20 collectively drive the tank circuit 48 at the frequency indicated by the microcontroller 40. More specifically, the microcontroller 40 sets the timing of the oscillator 42. In certain modes of operation, the microcontroller 40 may establish an operating frequency as a function of the input from the current sensor 16. In addition, the oscillator 42 operates the driver 44 at a frequency established by the microcontroller 40. The driver 44 provides the signals necessary to operate the switches 47a-b in the inverter 46. As a result, the inverter 46 provides AC (alternating current) power from the DC (direct current) power 50 to the tank circuit 48.

In the illustrated embodiment, the current sensor 16 is a current transformer whose primary coil is disposed in the tank circuit 48 and whose secondary coil is connected to the microcontroller 40. The AIPS may include a conditioning circuit 28 for conditioning the current converter output before being supplied to the microcontroller 40. Although the illustrated embodiment includes a current transducer for sensing the reflected impedance of the remote device, the AIPS 12 is essentially any alternative type capable of providing information about the reflected impedance from the remote device 14 Of the sensor. Also, while the current sensor 16 of the illustrated embodiment is located within the tank circuit, the current sensor (or other reflected impedance sensor) may provide readings indicative of the presence or absence of resonance at the remote device Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > position. ≪ / RTI >

In the illustrated embodiment, the AIPS further comprises a look-up table 24 or other memory device capable of storing information about the operating parameters of the plurality of remote devices 14. [ The stored information may be used to allow the AIPS 12 to more efficiently power the remote device 14 and to more readily recognize fault conditions. In some applications, the AIPS 12 may be for use with a particular set of remote devices 14. In these applications, lookup table 24 includes a unique resonant frequency (or pattern of frequencies) for each remote device 14, along with a desired set of associated information such as maximum and minimum operating frequencies and current usage. However, the lookup table 24 may contain essentially any information that may be useful to the AIPS 12 when operating the remote device 14. For example, in applications where it is desirable to establish wireless communications with the remote device 14, the lookup table 24 may include information regarding the wireless communication protocol of the remote device 14.

The tank circuit 48 generally includes a primary coil 18 and a capacitor 52. The capacitance of the capacitor 52 may be selected to balance the impedance of the primary coil 18 at the expected operating parameters. The tank circuit 48 may be either a series resonant tank circuit (as shown) or a parallel resonant tank circuit (not shown). The present invention may be incorporated into AIPS as shown in U.S. Patent No. 6,825,620, herein incorporated by reference as mentioned above. As yet another example, the present invention is directed to an apparatus and method as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2004/130916 A1 by Baarman, entitled " Adaptive Inductive Power Supply ", issued Jul. 8, 2004, U.S. Serial No. 10 / 689,499 filed October 20). It is also known from U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/130915 A1 by Baarman, entitled " Adaptive Inductive Power Supply with Communication ", filed July 8, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference, on October 20, 2003 It may be desirable to utilize the present invention in connection with AIPS, which can establish wireless communications with a remote device, such as AIPS, as shown in U.S. Serial No. 10 / 689,148, filed.

Ⅱ. Remote devices

The present invention is for use with a wide variety of remote devices of varying designs and configurations. These various remote devices will require power at varying frequencies and are expected to have different current requirements.

In some applications, the remote device may inherently include a pattern of resonance frequencies or resonance frequencies that are unique. For example, a particular type of remote device may include a resonant frequency at 195 kHz. If none of the other remote devices identified by AIPS contain resonant frequencies at 195 kHz, then 195 kHz can act as an identification frequency for this type of remote device. On the other hand, if the remote device does not include a natural resonant frequency in the set of remote devices that may need to be identified, the presence of a unique pattern of resonant frequencies may be used to identify the remote device. For example, a remote device may have one resonant frequency at 195 kHz and another resonant frequency at 215 kHz. A combination of two resonant frequencies in a single type of remote device may be sufficient to uniquely identify the type of remote device, although other remote devices may have a resonant frequency at 195 kHz or 215 kHz. If the two resonant frequencies are not sufficient to uniquely identify the type of remote devices, much more resonant frequencies can be considered until a unique pattern of identification frequencies is revealed.

For purposes of disclosure, one embodiment of a remote device 14 having a unique identification frequency is shown in FIG. 2, the remote device 14 generally includes a secondary 22 for receiving power from the AIPS 12, a bridge 30 (or other rectifier for converting AC power to DC) A charging circuit 32, a battery 34 and a main circuit 36. [ In operation, the bridge 30 converts the AC power generated in the secondary 22 into the DC power required for operation of the charging circuit 32 in this embodiment. Charging circuits are well known and widely used with a variety of rechargeable electronic devices. If desired, the charging circuit 32 may be configured to perform both charging the battery 34 and / or powering the remote device 14 (if the remote device 14 is powered on) Lt; / RTI > Charging circuits capable of charging and / or powering electronic devices are well known and therefore not described in detail. In some applications, the charging circuit 32 may be part of the main circuit 36. In other applications, the charging circuit 32 will be a separate circuit and can even be controlled by the AIPS 12, if desired. The term "main circuit" is used loosely to refer to the operating circuit for the remote device 14.

Although the illustrated embodiment is described in the context of a battery-powered remote device, the present invention may alternatively be configured to remove the battery 34 and the charging circuit 32 and disconnect the secondary 22 from the main circuit 36 For example, via a suitable power conditioning circuit (e.g., bridge 30), which may include a converter or rectifier, to power the remote device directly.

In another embodiment, the remote device may include one or more identification capacitors that provide resonance at desired identification frequencies. Although available with all remote devices, this embodiment is most useful for remote devices that do not have a unique identification frequency or an identification pattern of natural frequencies. FIG. 3A shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary remote device 14 'having an identification capacitor 38'. As shown in FIG. 3A, the identification capacitors 38 'are connected in parallel across the secondary 22'. The identification capacitor 38 'has a capacitance that is selected to establish resonance at the identification frequency. In this embodiment, the charging circuit 32'and / or the main circuit 36'may mask the identification capacitor 38'to allow the AIPS 12 to recognize the presence of the identification capacitor 38 ' It is possible to make it difficult or impossible. Thus, in the present embodiment, the remote device 14 'is connected to the charging circuit 32' for a period of time sufficient for the identification capacitor 38 'to establish resonance and its resonance to be returned to the AIPS 12 via the reflected impedance. And / or a load enable delay circuit 54 'that prevents the main circuit 36' from receiving power. The load enable delay circuit 54 'may comprise a simple timed switching circuit that connects the bridge 30' to the charging circuit 32 'only after a sufficient period of time has elapsed. This embodiment is particularly suitable for integrating the present invention into remote devices that already include a charging circuit. Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment that is intended primarily for use in integrating the present invention into remote devices that do not yet include a charging circuit or that include a charging circuit with a microprocessor having an enable input. In this embodiment, the load enable delay 54 " 'is connected to the "enable" input of the microprocessor of the charging circuit 32' ''. In this embodiment, the load enable delay 54 " 'continues until the amount of time that is sufficient for the AIPS 12 to recognize whether the identification capacitor 38 "' has established resonance, 0.0 > 32 " '. ≪ / RTI > Although described in connection with two specific embodiments, the load enable delay circuit may prevent the charging circuit and / or the main circuit from masking the identification capacitor long enough for the AIPS 12 to recognize whether resonance has been established Which may be essentially any circuit.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the remote device 14 'includes only one identification capacitor 38'. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3B, the remote device 14 " 'comprises three identification capacitors 38a''-c' '' connected in parallel to the load, each providing resonance at a different frequency. . In a similar manner, if desired, additional identification capacitors may be provided to establish much more additional resonant frequencies. For example, Figure 5 is a table showing resonant frequencies that may be provided using different combinations of the four capacitors. The first four columns labeled C1-C4 list the capacitance (in microfarads) of the four different capacitors. In this example, the capacitors are 8.2, 6.8, 3.3, and 2.2 microfarad capacitors. The capacitors used in this table are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The second four columns labeled C1-C4 identify the capacitors included in that particular combination using a "1" representing the presence of a capacitor and a "0" representing the absence of a capacitor. The column labeled "Capacitance " provides the combined capacitance of the capacitors in that particular combination. The column labeled "Frequency" provides the resonant frequency of the capacitor combination when the inductance is 0.000000309 as specified in the final column. For example, row 4 includes a " 1 "in the C1 and C2 columns, indicating that a 8.2 microfarad capacitor and a 6.8 microfarad capacitor are combined to provide a combined capacitance of 3.7173 microfarads, Frequency. Identification capacitors, as well as the resonance frequency generated by the combined capacitance of the two capacitors, will establish resonance at the individual capacitances of each capacitor in the combination. Thus, following the low 4 example, the combined capacitors will have a resonant frequency at approximately 100 kHz (resonance frequency of 8.2 microfarad capacitors) and approximately 109.9 kHz (resonance frequency of 6.8 microfarad capacitors). As can be seen, the combination of 8.2 and 6.8 microfarad capacitors provides an identification frequency pattern with resonance at approximately 100 kHz, 109.9 kHz, and 148.5 kHz.

The specific remote devices described above are exemplary only and the present invention is suitable for use with essentially any remote device capable of inducting and receiving power within the limits of AIPS with an identification frequency.

Ⅲ. action

The general operation of the system 10 is described with respect to FIG. In this embodiment, the system 10 is configured to recognize one of a plurality of remote devices. Each remote device includes a unique single resonant frequency among the remote devices. Thus, the AIPS 12 can uniquely identify the remote device by cycling through each of the potential identification frequencies until there is a remote device establishing resonance at one of the potential identification frequencies.

In the illustrated embodiment, the AIPS 12 is provided with data defining a plurality of potential identification frequencies. For example, a list or table of potential identification frequencies may be stored in the on-board memory on the microcontroller 40. The identification process begins by setting the identification frequency to the first frequency of the list (reference numeral 100). The AIPS 12 then applies power to the tank circuit 48 at the identification frequency (reference numeral 102). The AIPS 12 continues to power the tank circuit 48 during a period of delay (reference numeral 104). The delay period is selected so that the remote device 14 establishes resonance and provides sufficient time for the tank circuit 48 to generate sufficient reflected impedance. The delay period may be a fixed time period that remains constant throughout the identification process. The delay period may vary from application to application, but is approximately 6 microseconds in the illustrated embodiment. In some applications, sufficient delay may be inherent in the system and therefore may not require the implementation of a separate deliberate delay step. If the remote device 14 includes a resonant frequency at the identified frequency then the remote device 14 will draw current and this increase in current draw will be returned to the tank circuit 48 by the reflected impedance Will be reflected. After the delay is complete (reference numeral 104), the microprocessor 40 acquires an input from the current sensor 16 (reference numeral 106). As mentioned above, the output of the current sensor 16 may be conditioned using a conditioning circuit 28. The microprocessor 40 evaluates the input from the current sensor 16 to determine whether the remote device 14 has a resonant frequency at the current identification frequency. In this embodiment, the microprocessor 40 will conclude that a resonant frequency exists if the current sensor reading is greater than the threshold. Typically, the threshold for a particular application will be a value that is greater than the noise floor of the application + additional deadband. The amount of deadband may vary depending on the application.

If the microprocessor 40 determines that the remote device 14 does not include a resonant frequency at the current identification frequency, the controller 20 prepares to apply the next identification frequency to the tank circuit 48. More specifically, the microprocessor 40 enters a delay for a relatively short period of time (114). The delay period is selected so that the remote device 14 is stabilized and provides sufficient time for the remote device 14 to consume sufficient energy. The delay period may be a fixed time period that remains constant throughout the identification process. The settle delay period may vary from application to application, but is approximately 5 microseconds in the illustrated embodiment. In some applications, a sufficient delay may be unique to the system and therefore may not require the implementation of a separate, planned stability delay step. After the delay, the microprocessor 40 sets the identification frequency as the next frequency in the list of potential identification frequencies. The process then repeats starting at step 102 applying power to the tank circuit 48 at the new identification frequency.

If the microprocessor 40 determines that the remote device 14 includes the resonant frequency at the current identification frequency, the microprocessor 40 will retrieve the operating parameters from the look-up table 24 (reference numeral 110) And terminate the remote device identification process. The microprocessor 40 may then operate the remote device 14 using the operating parameters retrieved from the look-up table 24 (reference numeral 112). The lookup table 24 may include an expected operating frequency and may begin operation by applying power to the tank circuit 48 at the recalled operating frequency. The microprocessor 40 also uses the maximum and minimum current draw values obtained from the look-up table to determine the presence of a fault condition. For example, if the actual current draw sensed by the current sensor during operation exceeds the maximum current draw or is below the minimum current draw, the microprocessor 40 will conclude that a fault condition exists. The microprocessor 40 may be programmed to take remedial action in the event of a fault condition being generated. For example, the microprocessor 40 may be programmed to shut down the system if a fault condition occurs. Alternatively, the microprocessor 40 restarts the identification process to determine if a different remote device 14 is located near the primary coil 18.

In the embodiment described above, the microprocessor 40 cycles through the list of potential identification frequencies in an effort to identify the remote device. As an alternative to cycling through the list, the AIPS 12 can be programmed to simply cycle through a range of frequencies using the specified step value. For example, increment from 100kHz to 300kHz by stepping to 5kHz.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a mechanism for establishing standards for using frequency identification for remote devices. In this embodiment, unique identification frequencies may be specified for each remote device type and other identifying characteristics. For example, the standards may specify different identification frequencies for each device type (e.g., cell phone, personal digital assistant, and digital music player) and / or each manufacturer (e.g., company name). In applications where a unique identification frequency is assigned to each manufacturer, the manufacturer may be allowed to add additional identification frequencies to specify model numbers and product types.

In an alternative method for establishing standards, the identification frequencies may be established by the class of the remote device rather than the specific model type. For example, all devices operating within a given set of operating parameters may be assigned the same identification frequency (or identification frequency pattern). This alternative method is particularly suitable for use in applications where a plurality of different types of remote devices can operate under the operating parameters presented in a single record of the lookup table.

According to another embodiment, each device that can be inductively powered or charged by an inductive power supply has at least one common resonant frequency and at least one natural frequency. For example, referring to the above embodiments and figures, each device that can be charged by the AIPS 12 has an 8.2 microfarad capacitor and provides the device with a primary identification resonance frequency of 100 kHz. The AIPS 12 repeatedly transmits pulses at approximately 100 kHz. If a device with a resonance frequency of 100 kHz is placed in a field generated by the AIPS 12, the AIPS proceeds to a sweep of additional frequencies to identify the type of device 14. According to one embodiment, each individual battery-type charging circuit has a second eigenfrequency frequency or a second differential frequency. For example, each lithium-ion battery is further comprised of a capacitor or other circuit providing a second resonant frequency at 109.4 kHz, and each nickel-cadmium battery has a capacitor or other circuit providing a secondary resonant frequency at 148.5 kHz Respectively. According to another embodiment, each battery may further comprise a capacitor or other circuit providing a third order resonance frequency that is used to identify an individual manufacturer or supplier of the battery. For example, each inductively charged lithium ion battery manufactured or sold by Bender X has a primary identification resonance frequency of 100 kHz, a secondary identification resonance frequency of 109.4 kHz, and a tertiary identification resonance frequency of 130 kHz One or more capacitors or other circuitry that provides the same. Each Li-ion battery manufactured or sold by Vendor Y has one or more capacitors or other circuits that provide a primary identification resonance frequency of 100 kHz, a secondary resonance frequency of 109.4 kHz, and a tertiary identification resonance frequency of 140 kHz. Respectively. According to another embodiment, additional identification resonant frequencies may be added to distinguish, for example, other types of inductively charged lithium ion batteries sold by vendor X or vendor Y. [ Such identification may enable AIPS to adjust charging or power control according to the requirements of the various load types described above as well as the specific requirements of the individual manufacturers or suppliers of these load types. It is clear that such identification strategies and protocols can be used not only to identify inductive loads powered by a rechargeable battery, but also to identify those loads that are directly inductively powered.

The standards described above depend on the assignment of the range of identification frequencies. The spacing between identification frequencies may vary from application to application depending on the resolution of AIPS sensing the presence of resonance during the identification process. For example, AIPS with sufficient resolution to correctly recognize a frequency difference of 5 kHz can utilize a separation of 5 kHz between identification frequencies (e.g., 250 kHz and 255 kHz). Lower resolution AIPS may require greater separation between identification frequencies (e.g., 250 kHz and 260 kHz).

The foregoing is a description of the present embodiments of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and broader aspects of the invention as defined in the appended claims, which are to be construed in accordance with the principles of the patent law, including the principles of equivalents. For example, any reference to a single claim form element using articles "a", "an", "the", or "said" should not be construed as limiting the element to a single entity.

Embodiments of the invention in which proprietary rights or rights are claimed are defined as follows.

Claims (92)

CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A method for controlling an inductive power supply for powering at least one remote device, Comprising: a secondary coil configured to receive operational radio power; and at least one remote device having a device circuit comprising at least one of a bridge, a charging circuit, a battery and a main circuit, Wherein at least one of the plurality of identification frequencies is associated with each of the at least one remote device and each of the at least one remote device is resonant at or near at least one of the plurality of identification frequencies, Have frequency; Selecting one of the plurality of identification frequencies; Applying an inductive field to the at least one remote device at the identification frequency; Determining, based on a power characteristic at the inductive power supply, whether the at least one remote device has the resonant frequency at substantially the identified identification frequency to identify the at least one remote device, Represents a reflected impedance of the at least one remote device; And Operating the inductive power supply to supply the operating wireless power to the identified at least one remote device in accordance with an operational parameter based on a result of the determining step, wherein the operating parameter is applied to the identified at least one remote device Response - Wherein the step of controlling the inductive power supply comprises: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device circuit comprises a battery, and wherein the operating wireless power is used to charge the battery. delete The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one remote device includes at least one identification capacitor connected to the secondary coil to provide at least one resonant identification frequency corresponding to at least one of the plurality of identification frequencies Circuit, Wherein the operating parameter comprises an operating frequency different from the at least one resonant identifying frequency provided by the circuit comprising at least one identifying capacitor. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the resonant frequency of the determining step is a natural resonant frequency of the at least one remote device that is at least partially defined by the receiving circuit of the remote device, Method of controlling an inductive power supply. The method of claim 1, further comprising: retrieving the operating parameters for the at least one remote device from a memory associated with the inductive power supply when the at least one remote device has the resonant frequency at substantially the authorized identification frequency Further comprising the step of: 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising storing in the memory at least one operating parameter for the at least one remote device associated with the identification frequency prior to searching for the operating parameter. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the applying step and the determining step are repeated until the at least one remote device is determined to have the resonant frequency at substantially the authorized identification frequency, A method of controlling a feeder. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the storing step is further defined as storing at least one operating parameter for each of the at least one remote device in a memory. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: actively configuring each of the at least one remote device to include a plurality of resonant frequencies, wherein the identification frequency associated with each of the at least one remote device includes a plurality Wherein each of the at least one remote device can be uniquely identified by the plurality of resonant frequencies. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising actively configuring each of the at least one remote device to include the resonant frequency at a desired natural frequency, wherein the identification frequency comprises the resonant frequency, Wherein each of the remote devices can be uniquely identified by its corresponding identification frequency. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein actively configuring each of the at least one remote device includes integrating a capacitor into each of the at least one remote device to provide a resonant frequency corresponding to a capacitor value, Control method. A method for operating an inductive power supply for powering at least one of a plurality of remote devices, Providing at least one of the plurality of remote devices having a device circuit comprising at least one of a secondary coil, a bridge, a charging circuit, a battery and a main circuit configured to receive operational radio power, Used to operate the device circuit; Storing a plurality of identification signatures and at least one inductive power supply operating parameter associated with each identification signature in a memory associated with the inductive power supply, wherein each of the plurality of identification signatures corresponds to at least one of the plurality of remote devices; Applying inductive power to at least one of the plurality of remote devices at one or more frequencies to determine an identity signature of at least one of the plurality of remote devices contained within the derived field, Based on a power characteristic at the feeder, the characteristic representing a reflected impedance of the at least one remote device; Comparing the determined signature with the stored identification signatures to determine the identity of at least one of the plurality of remote devices; Retrieving operational parameters for the inductive power supply from the memory upon the determination of the at least one entity of the plurality of remote devices, wherein the operational parameters are selected as a function of at least one of the plurality of remote devices; And Operating the inductive power supply to provide the operating wireless power to the identified one of the plurality of remote devices in accordance with the retrieved operating parameters / RTI > 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the device circuit comprises a battery, and wherein the operating wireless power is used to charge the battery. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: determining an intrinsic resonant frequency profile of at least one of the plurality of remote devices to determine an identity signature for at least one of the plurality of remote devices. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein providing at least one of the plurality of remote devices comprises integrating an identification capacitor into at least one of the plurality of remote devices. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein providing at least one of the plurality of remote devices comprises integrating a plurality of identification capacitors into at least one of the plurality of remote devices. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of identification signatures comprises one or more resonant frequencies. 19. The method of claim 18, Applying a power pulse at one or more frequencies associated with the stored signature; And Sensing a current in the tank circuit of the inductive power supply to determine whether at least one of the plurality of remote devices has a resonant frequency at one or more applied frequencies / RTI > 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: providing a first identification capacitor to each of at least one of the plurality of remote devices to provide a unique identification signature to each of at least one of the plurality of remote devices Way. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising providing a second identification capacitor to each of at least one of the plurality of remote devices to provide a common identification signature to each of at least one of the plurality of remote devices Way. A method for securely controlling an inductive power supply for supplying operational radio power to at least one of a plurality of remote devices, Determining a common identification signature for a plurality of remote devices powered by the inductive power supply, the common identification signature comprising one or more resonant frequencies; Providing at least one of a secondary coil configured to receive the operational radio power and the plurality of remote devices having a device circuit comprising at least one of a bridge, a charging circuit, a battery and a main circuit, Is used to operate the device circuit, each of the plurality of remote devices having a common identification signature; Applying an inductive field to at least one of the plurality of remote devices at one or more resonant frequencies of the common identification signature; Determining whether at least one of the plurality of remote devices has a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature, the resonant frequency profile being based on a power characteristic at the inductive power supply, A reflected impedance of one remote device; And Operating the inductive power supply according to an operating parameter to supply the operating wireless power to at least one of the plurality of remote devices when at least one of the plurality of remote devices has a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature step Wherein the step of controlling the inductive power supply comprises: 23. The method of claim 22, Prior to determining a common identity signature for the plurality of remote devices, Providing a unique identification signature to each of at least one of the plurality of remote devices powered by the inductive power supply; After providing the unique identification signature to each of at least one of the plurality of remote devices, Storing a plurality of unique identification signatures and associated operating parameters in a memory associated with the inductive power supply; Once at least one of the plurality of remote devices is determined to have a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature, at least one resonant frequency corresponding to one or more of the unique identification Device to at least one of the devices; Determining whether at least one of the plurality of remote devices has a resonant frequency profile corresponding to one of the unique identification signatures; If at least one of the plurality of remote devices determines that it corresponds to one of the unique identification signatures, retrieving an associated operational parameter from the memory; And Operating said inductive power supply according to said retrieved operating parameter to supply said operating wireless power to said remote device following said retrieving step ≪ / RTI > 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the device circuit comprises a battery, and wherein the operating wireless power is used to charge the battery. An inductive power supply for powering at least one remote device, A derived field generating circuit; A frequency control circuit electrically connected to the induced field generating circuit and operable to operate the induced field generating circuit at a plurality of different frequencies; A reflected impedance sense circuit for sensing a power characteristic at the inductive power supply, the characteristic representing a reflected impedance of the at least one remote device; An identification circuit for determining an identity signature of the at least one remote device as a function of the output of the reflected impedance sense circuit; A memory for storing a plurality of identification signatures for different remote devices and a plurality of operation parameters respectively corresponding to one or more of the plurality of identification signatures; And A power supply control circuit for supplying operational wireless power to the at least one remote device in accordance with operating parameters selected as a function of the identification signature of the remote device; And an inductive power supply. 26. The inductive power supply of claim 25, wherein the derived field generating circuit comprises a tank circuit having a primary coil. 27. The inductive power supply of claim 26, wherein the frequency control circuit comprises an oscillator and a driver. 28. The inductive power supply of claim 27, wherein the reflected impedance sense circuit comprises a current sense converter coupled to the tank circuit. 26. The inductive power supply of claim 25, wherein the power supply control circuitry manages the supply of operating wireless power to the at least one remote device for charging a battery contained in the at least one remote device. 26. The inductive power supply of claim 25, wherein the frequency control circuit is capable of controlling the operating frequency of the derived field generating circuit as a function of the output of the reflected impedance sense circuit. As a combination of an inductive power supply and a remote device, A device circuit comprising at least one of a bridge, a charging circuit, a battery and a main circuit, a secondary coil configured to receive operational radio power, and a remote device having an identification signature, the identification signature comprising one or more resonant frequencies The operating wireless power used to operate the device circuit; And Inductive power supply / RTI > Wherein the inductive power supply comprises: driver; A tank circuit having a primary coil; A sensor in the tank circuit configured to sense a power characteristic of the tank circuit indicative of a reflected impedance of the remote device; An identification circuit for determining the identity signature of the remote device as a function of an output of the sensor; A memory for storing at least one identification signature and at least one operational parameter associated with the identification signature; And A control circuit for controlling operation of the inductive power supply to supply the operating wireless power to the remote device in accordance with an operating parameter selected as a function of the identification signature of the remote device ≪ / RTI > 32. The combination of claim 31, wherein the remote device comprises an identification capacitor. 32. The combination of claim 31, wherein the identification signature comprises a unique resonant frequency of the remote device. 32. The combination of claim 31, wherein the device circuit comprises a battery, and the operating wireless power is used to charge the battery. An inductive power supply for providing operational wireless power to a remote device, A derived field generating circuit; A frequency control circuit electrically connected to the derived field generating circuit, the frequency control circuit being capable of operating the derived field generating circuit at an operating frequency; A reflected impedance sense circuit for sensing a power characteristic at the inductive power supply, the characteristic representing a reflected impedance of the remote device; An identification circuit for determining an identity signature of the remote device as a function of the sensed characteristics of the reflected impedance sense circuitry, the identity signature comprising one or more resonant frequencies; A memory for storing a common identification signature of a plurality of known remote devices, the common identification signature comprising one or more resonant frequencies; And A power supply control circuit for supplying operational wireless power to the remote device when the remote device has an identification signature corresponding to the common identification signature; And an inductive power supply. 36. The inductive power supply of claim 35, wherein the derived field generating circuit comprises a tank circuit having a primary coil. 37. The inductive power supply of claim 36, wherein the frequency control circuit comprises an oscillator and a driver. 38. The inductive power supply of claim 37, wherein the reflected impedance sense circuit comprises a current sense converter coupled to the tank circuit. 36. The inductive power supply of claim 35, wherein the frequency control circuit is capable of controlling an operating frequency of the derived field generating circuit as a function of an output of the reflected impedance sense circuit. 36. The inductive power supply of claim 35, wherein the power supply control circuitry manages the supply of the operating wireless power to the remote device for charging a battery contained in the remote device. 36. The inductive power supply of claim 35, wherein the power supply control circuit manages the supply of the operating wireless power to directly power the remote device. 36. The inductive power supply of claim 35, wherein the inductive power supply is capable of providing operational wireless power to a plurality of remote devices, and wherein the identification circuit is capable of determining a plurality of identification signatures of each of the plurality of remote devices. 36. The inductive power supply of claim 35, wherein the remote device includes an identification capacitor that provides the remote device with an identification signature corresponding to the common identification signature. CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A method for controlling an inductive power supply that supplies operational radio power to a remote device, Determining a common identification signature for a plurality of known remote devices capable of being powered by the inductive power supply, the common identification signature comprising one or more resonant frequencies; Providing a remote device having a secondary coil configured to receive the operational wireless power and a device circuit having at least one of a bridge, a charging circuit, a battery, and a main circuit, Used to make -; Applying an induced field to the remote device at one or more resonant frequencies of the common identification signature; The method comprising the steps of: determining whether the remote device has a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature, the resonant frequency profile being based on a power characteristic at the inductive power supply, the characteristic including a reflected impedance of the remote device -; And Operating the inductive power supply to supply operational remote wireless power to the remote device if the remote device has a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature Wherein the step of controlling the inductive power supply comprises: 45. The method of claim 44, wherein providing comprises providing an identification capacitor to the remote device to provide the remote device with a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature. 45. The method of claim 44, Prior to determining a common identity signature for the plurality of remote devices, Providing a unique identification signature to a remote device powered by the inductive power supply; After providing the unique identification signature to the remote device powered by the inductive power supply, Storing the unique identification signature and associated operating parameters in a memory associated with the inductive power supply; Once the remote device is determined to have a resonant frequency profile corresponding to the common identification signature, applying an induced field to the remote device at one or more resonant frequencies corresponding to at least one of the unique identification signatures; Determining whether the remote device has a resonant frequency profile corresponding to one of the unique identification signatures; If the remote device determines that it corresponds to one of the unique identification signatures, retrieving the associated operational parameter from the memory; And Operating said inductive power supply according to said retrieved operating parameter to supply said operating wireless power to said remote device following said retrieving step ≪ / RTI > CLAIMS 1. A method for operating an inductive power supply that powers a remote device, Providing a remote device having a secondary coil configured to receive operational wireless power and a device circuit having at least one of a bridge, a charging circuit, a battery, and a main circuit, Used for -; Storing at least one known identification signature in a memory associated with the inductive power supply; Applying inductive power to the remote device at one or more frequencies to determine an identification signature of the remote device contained within the derived field, the identification signature being based on a power characteristic at the inductive power supply, A reflected impedance of the remote device; Comparing the determined identity signature to at least one stored known identity signature to determine whether the determined identity signature corresponds to one or more of the at least one stored identity signature; And Operating the inductive power supply to supply the operating wireless power to the remote device based on a determination that the determined identity signature corresponds to one or more of the at least one stored identification signature / RTI > 48. The method of claim 47 further comprising providing an identification capacitor to the remote device to provide the remote device with an identification signature corresponding to at least one of the at least one stored identification signature. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising: retrieving operational parameters for the inductive power supply from the memory based on a determination that the determined identification signature corresponds to one or more of the at least one stored identification signature, Wherein the at least one operating frequency comprises an operating frequency that is different from one or more frequencies of the power application phase. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the remote device is further configured to receive at least one resonant identifying frequency associated with at least one of the one or more frequencies applied in the step of applying the inductive power, Wherein the at least one resonant identifying frequency comprises an operating frequency other than the at least one resonant identifying frequency provided by the circuit including at least one identifying capacitor. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the determined identity signature comprises an intrinsic resonance frequency of the remote device that is at least partially defined by the receiving circuit of the remote device, and wherein the receiving circuit includes an inductive power supply How it works. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein each of the at least one known identification signature comprises one or more resonant frequencies. 53. The method of claim 52, Applying a pulse of power at one or more resonant frequencies associated with the known identification signature; And Sensing current in the tank circuit of the inductive power supply to determine whether the remote device has a resonant frequency at one or more of the authorized frequencies / RTI > An inductive power supply for providing operational wireless power to a remote device, driver; A primary circuit having a primary coil; A sensor in the primary circuit configured to sense a power characteristic of the primary circuit indicative of a reflected impedance of the remote device; An identification circuit for determining an identity signature of the remote device as a function of an output of the sensor; A memory for storing at least one known identification signature; And The control device controlling the operation of the inductive power supply to supply the operating wireless power to the remote device when the remote device has an identification signature corresponding to at least one known identification signature And an inductive power supply. 55. The inductive power supply of claim 54, wherein the memory stores at least one operational parameter associated with the known identification signature. 55. The inductive power supply of claim 54, wherein the control circuit controls operation of the inductive power supply to supply operational wireless power to the remote device in accordance with operating parameters selected as a function of the identification signature of the remote device. 55. The inductive power supply of claim 54, wherein the remote device comprises a battery, wherein the operating wireless power is used to charge the battery. 55. The inductive power supply of claim 54, wherein the identification signature comprises a unique resonant frequency of the remote device. 55. The inductive power supply of claim 54, wherein the remote device comprises an identification capacitor. 55. The inductive power supply of claim 54, wherein the remote device comprises a plurality of identification capacitors. 13. A remote device for receiving wireless power from an inductive power supply, A secondary coil circuit having a secondary coil for receiving operating wireless power from the inductive power supply for the remote device; A resonant frequency signature including an impedance element selected to provide the remote device with a predetermined resonant frequency signature identifying at least one of the remote device, the type of the remote device, the class of the remote device, and the manufacturer of the remote device Circuit; And Wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises a load enable delay circuit that establishes resonance and delays the power for a time sufficient for the resonance to be conveyed to the inductive power supply through the reflected impedance, Wherein the resonant frequency signature allows the remote device to be identified. 62. The remote device of claim 61, wherein the predetermined resonant frequency signature comprises one or more predetermined frequencies that form the predetermined resonant frequency signature. 62. The remote device of claim 61 including a charging circuit for charging the battery in the remote device with the operating wireless power. 62. The remote device of claim 61, comprising a power conditioning circuit for direct powering the remote device with the operating wireless power. 62. The remote device of claim 61, wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises an identification capacitor connected in parallel to the secondary coil. 62. The remote device of claim 61 wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises a plurality of identification capacitors connected in parallel to the secondary coil and each providing resonance at different frequencies. delete 62. The remote device of claim 61, wherein the predetermined resonant frequency signature comprises a predetermined resonant frequency that is different from a natural resonant frequency of the remote device in the absence of the resonant frequency signature circuit. CLAIMS 1. A method of manufacturing a remote device for receiving wireless power from an inductive power supply, Providing a secondary coil circuit comprising a secondary coil for receiving operational radio power from the inductive power supply for the remote device; Electrically coupling a resonant frequency signature circuit comprising an impedance element to the secondary coil circuit, the resonant frequency circuit comprising: a controller configured to control the resonant frequency of the remote device, the type of remote device, the class of the remote device, A predetermined resonant frequency signature identifying at least one of the at least one resonant frequency signature; And The resonant frequency signature circuit establishing resonance and delaying power for a time sufficient for the resonance to be conveyed to the inductive power supply through the reflected impedance, Wherein the resonant frequency signature allows the remote device to be identified. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the resonant frequency signature comprises at least one resonant frequency forming the resonant frequency signature. 70. The method of claim 69, comprising electrically connecting a charging circuit to the secondary coil to charge the battery in the remote device with the operating wireless power. 70. The method of claim 69, comprising electrically connecting a power conditioning circuit for direct powering the remote device with the operating wireless power. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein electrically coupling the resonant frequency signature to the secondary coil comprises electrically connecting the identification capacitor in parallel with the secondary coil. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein electrically coupling the resonant frequency signature to the secondary coil comprises electrically connecting a plurality of identification capacitors, each providing resonance at a different frequency, to the secondary coil / RTI > 13. A remote device for receiving wireless power from an inductive power supply, A secondary coil for receiving operating radio power at an operating frequency from the inductive power supply; A resonant frequency signature circuit that provides at least one predetermined resonant frequency that forms a resonant frequency signature that identifies at least one of the remote device, the type of the remote device, the class of the remote device, and the manufacturer of the remote device, At least one of said at least one predetermined resonant frequencies forming a frequency signature being different from said operating frequency; And Wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises a load enable delay circuit that establishes resonance and delays the power for a time sufficient for the resonance to be conveyed to the inductive power supply through the reflected impedance, Wherein the resonant frequency signature allows the remote device to be identified. 77. The remote device of claim 75 including a charging circuit for charging the battery in the remote device with the operating wireless power. 77. The remote device of claim 75 including a power conditioning circuit for direct powering the main circuit of the remote device with the operating wireless power. 76. The remote device of claim 75, wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises an identification capacitor connected in parallel to the secondary coil. 76. The remote device of claim 75, wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises a plurality of identification capacitors connected in parallel to the secondary coil and each providing resonance at different frequencies. delete 76. The remote device of claim 75, wherein the resonant frequency signature comprises at least one common resonant frequency and at least one natural resonant frequency. delete 13. A remote device for receiving wireless power from an inductive power supply, A secondary coil for receiving wireless power at an operating frequency and receiving wireless power at a predetermined identification frequency, wherein the wireless power received at the operating frequency is used as operational wireless power, Power is used for identification; A resonant frequency signature circuit for identifying at least one of the remote device, the type of the remote device, the class of the remote device, and the manufacturer of the remote device, the resonant frequency signature comprising a resonant frequency at the predetermined identification frequency -; And Wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises a load enable delay circuit that establishes resonance and delays the power for a time sufficient for the resonance to be conveyed to the inductive power supply through the reflected impedance, Wherein in response to the remote device receiving wireless power at the predetermined identification frequency, resonance is established at the predetermined identification frequency and carried through the reflected impedance. 83. The remote device of claim 83 including a charging circuit for charging the battery in the remote device with the operating wireless power. 83. The remote device of claim 83 including a power conditioning circuit for direct powering the main circuit of the remote device with the operating wireless power. 83. The remote device of claim 83, wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises an identification capacitor connected in parallel to the secondary coil. 83. The remote device of claim 83, wherein the resonant frequency signature circuit comprises a plurality of identification capacitors connected in parallel to the secondary coil and each providing resonance at different frequencies. delete 83. The remote device of claim 83, wherein the resonant frequency signature comprises at least one predetermined common resonant frequency and at least one predetermined natural resonant frequency. delete delete 83. The remote device of claim 83, wherein the predetermined identification frequency is different from the resonant frequency of the remote device in the absence of the resonant frequency signature circuit.

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