KR101531584B1 - Method and apparatus to facilitate an early decoding of signals in relay backhaul links - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for facilitating early decoding of relay signals are disclosed. The relay receives the signal in the sub-frame from the network. The first and second reference symbols are detected in the sub-frame such that a first reference symbol is detected after the second reference symbol. Next, the signal is decoded based on the first reference symbol.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE AN EARLY DECODING OF SIGNALS IN RELAY BACKHAUL LINKS FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001]

Cross-references to related applications

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61 / 305,093 entitled " EARLY DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROL CHANNELS OF RELAY BACKHAUL LINKS ", filed February 16, 2010, entitled " EARLY DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROL CHANNELS OF RELAY BACKHAUL LINKS Filed on April 9, 2010, entitled " EARLY DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROL CHANNELS OF RELAY BACKHAUL LINKS, " filed on April 10, 2010, U. S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 322,785. The foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The following description generally relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to methods and apparatus that facilitate early decoding of relay signals.

Wireless communication systems are effectively deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be multi-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multi-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, 3GPP Long Term Evolution , And orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.

Generally, a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple wireless terminals. Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations. The communication link may be configured via a single-input-single-output, multiple-input-single-output, or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system.

A MIMO system uses multiple (N _T ) transmit antennas and multiple (N _R ) receive antennas for data transmission. A MIMO channel formed by N _T transmit antennas and N _R receive antennas may be decomposed into N _S independent channels, which are also referred to as spatial channels, where N _S < min {N _T , N _R }. Each of the N _S independent channels corresponds to a dimension. A MIMO system can provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput and / or greater reliability) when additional dimensions generated by multiple transmit and receive antennas are utilized.

The MIMO system supports time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. In a TDD system, forward and reverse link transmissions exist on the same frequency range, with the result that the principle of reciprocity enables the estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel. This allows the access point to extract the transmit beamforming gain on the forward link when multiple antennas are available at the access point.

With regard to decoding signals at the relay node, it may sometimes be desirable to perform such decoding as soon as possible when receiving a particular sub-frame or a portion of a particular sub-frame. Accordingly, methods and apparatus that facilitate early decoding of the relaying signals are desirable.

The foregoing advantages of early decoding are intended merely to provide insight into some of the problems that conventional systems may face if such aspects are not properly integrated into the system design, and are not intended to be exhaustive . Other problems and / or challenges of conventional systems and corresponding advantages of the various non-limiting embodiments described herein will become more apparent when reviewing the following detailed description.

The following description presents a simplified summary of these embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, nor is it intended to identify key or critical elements of all embodiments, nor to delineate the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to one or more embodiments and corresponding disclosure thereof, various aspects are described in connection with the early decoding of the relaying signals. In an aspect, methods and computer program products that facilitate early processing of relay signals are disclosed. These embodiments include receiving a signal in a sub-frame. In these embodiments, the received signal is associated with a relay. These embodiments further include detecting a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in a sub-frame such that a first reference symbol is detected before a second reference symbol. The decoding of the signal is performed based on the first reference symbol.

In another aspect, an apparatus is disclosed that is configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals. In such an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a processor configured to execute computer executable components stored in a memory. Computer-executable components include a communication component, a reference component, and a decoding component. The communication component is configured to receive the signal in the sub-frame, and the reference component is configured to detect the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol in the sub-frame. In this embodiment, the signal is associated with a relay, and the first reference symbol is detected before the second reference symbol. The decoding component is configured to decode the signal based on the first reference symbol.

In a further aspect another device is disclosed. In this embodiment, the apparatus includes receiving means, detecting means and decoding means. In this embodiment, the receiving means is arranged to receive a signal in a sub-frame, and the detecting means is configured to detect a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in a sub-frame. In this embodiment, the signal is associated with a relay, and the first reference symbol is detected before the second reference symbol. The decoding means is configured to decode the signal based on the first reference symbol.

In yet another aspect, methods and computer program products for early processing of relay signals are disclosed. These embodiments include generating a signal associated with a relay within a sub-frame. Next, the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are provided in the sub-frame such that the first reference symbol is provided before the second reference symbol. These embodiments further comprise transmitting a signal to the relay, wherein the signal is decodable based on a first reference symbol.

An apparatus for the early processing of relay signals is also disclosed. In such an embodiment, the apparatus includes a processor configured to execute computer-executable components stored in memory. Computer-executable components include a generating component, a reference component, and a communication component. The generating component is configured to generate a signal in a sub-frame, and the reference component is configured to provide a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame. In this embodiment, the signal is associated with a relay, and the first reference symbol is provided before the second reference symbol. In addition, the communication component is configured to send a signal to the relay, and the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol.

In a further aspect another device is disclosed. In such an embodiment, the apparatus comprises generating means, providing means and transmitting means. In this embodiment, the generating means is configured to generate a signal in a sub-frame, while the providing means is configured to provide a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in a sub-frame. In this embodiment, the signal is associated with a relay, and the first reference symbol is provided before the second reference symbol. In addition, the transmitting means is configured to transmit a signal to the relay, and the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more embodiments comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more embodiments. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various embodiments may be employed, and the described embodiments are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

1 is an illustration of a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects set forth herein.
2 is an illustration of an exemplary wireless network environment that may be used in connection with the various systems and methods described herein.
FIG. 3 illustrates a sub-frame representing an exemplary pure frequency division multiplexing (FDM) design in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
4 illustrates a sub-frame illustrating an exemplary Hybrid FDM + Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) design in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) pattern according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 6 illustrates a first exemplary interleaving structure that enables early decoding in pure FDM setup, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 7 illustrates a second exemplary interleaving structure that enables early decoding in a pure FDM setup, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 8 illustrates a third exemplary interleaving structure that enables early decoding in pure FDM setup, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
9 illustrates a fourth exemplary interleaving structure that enables early decoding in a pure FDM setup, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
10 illustrates a fifth exemplary interleaving structure that enables early decoding in pure FDM setup, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
Figure 11 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary relay unit that facilitates early decoding of relay signals in accordance with aspects of the present application.
12 is an illustration of an exemplary coupling of electrical components that effect early decoding of the relay signals.
Figure 13 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary method for facilitating early decoding of relay signals in accordance with aspects of the present application.
Figure 14 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary network entity that facilitates early decoding of relay signals in accordance with aspects of the present application.
15 is an illustration of an exemplary coupling of electrical components that effect early decoding of the relaying signals.
Figure 16 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary method of performing early decoding of relay signals in accordance with aspects of the present application.
17 is an illustration of an exemplary communication system implemented in accordance with various aspects including multiple cells.
18 is an illustration of an exemplary base station according to various aspects described herein.
19 is an illustration of an exemplary wireless terminal implemented in accordance with various aspects described herein.

Various embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to like elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment (s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.

The present application relates generally to early decoding techniques for relay backhaul links. Embodiments for facilitating such early decoding at the relay node and from the network are disclosed.

The specific aspects presented here are based on the cell-dedicated reference signal (CRS) based decoding of the Relay Physical Downlink Control Channel (R-PDCCH) backhaul control channel for specific relays (e.g., Type I) -RS) -based decoding. In certain applications, as described herein, a pure frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) design may be desirable compared to a hybrid FDM + time division multiplexing (TDM) solution. For example, there may not be a need to multiplex control and data, which would prevent waste of resources in situations such as uplink heavy traffic where control may need to be sent without data . Also, agreed DM-RS patterns for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may be reused for the R-PDCCH and the relay physical downlink shared channel (R-PDSCH). In a hybrid FDM + TDM design, reusing patterns can lead to performance degradation due to a limited number of reference symbols in the first slot (if early decoding is targeted). The use of CRS instead of DM-RS can be a challenge due to the loss of CRS symbols in the control domain of the donor eNB (DeNB), since the available reference signals for antenna ports 2, It may be absent. In addition, power overhead may be tolerable even when the R-PDCCH is transmitted on a single resource block (RB).

The techniques described herein may be implemented in various systems, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier- frequency division multiple access (SC- , High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. CDMA systems can implement wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, and the like. UTRA includes wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. The TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA systems can implement wireless technologies such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, have. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS using E-UTRA that uses OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink.

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) utilizes single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization. SC-FDMA has similar performance and essentially the same overall complexity as an OFDMA system. The SC-FDMA signal has a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) due to its unique single carrier structure. SC-FDMA can be used, for example, in uplink communications, where low PAPR provides significant advantages for access terminals in terms of transmit power efficiency. Accordingly, SC-FDMA may be implemented as a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) or as an uplink multiple access scheme in this bulletin UTRA.

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) may include High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or Enhanced Uplink (EUL) techniques, and may also include HSPA + technology. HSDPA, HSUPA and HSPA + are each part of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications Release 5, Release 6, and Release 7.

High-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) optimizes data transmission from the network to the user equipment (UE). As used herein, a transmission from a network to a user equipment (UE) may be referred to as "downlink" (DL). The transmission methods may allow data rates of several Mbits / s. High-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) can increase the capacity of mobile radio networks. High speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) can optimize data transmission from the terminal to the network. As used herein, transmissions from the terminal to the network may be referred to as "uplink" (UL). Uplink data transmission methods may allow data rates of several Mbit / s. HSPA + provides further improvements in both uplink and downlink specific to Release 7 of the 3GPP specification. High-speed packet access (HSPA) methods enable high-speed interactions between downlinks and uplinks in data services that typically transmit large amounts of data, such as voice over IP (VoIP), retrospective meetings and mobile office applications .

High-speed data transmission protocols such as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) may be used on the uplink and downlink. Such protocols, such as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), cause the receiver to automatically request retransmission of packets that may have been received in error.

Various embodiments are described herein in connection with an access terminal. An access terminal may also be referred to as a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, a user device, have. An access terminal may be connected to a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) telephone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, It may be another processing device. In addition, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a base station. A base station may be utilized to communicate with the access terminal (s) and may also be referred to as an access point, a Node B, an eNodeB, an access point base station, or some other terminology.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a wireless communication system 100 in accordance with various embodiments presented herein is illustrated. The system 100 includes a base station 102 that may include multiple antenna groups. For example, one antenna group may include antennas 104 and 106, another antenna group may include antennas 108 and 110, another antenna group may include antennas 112 and 114 ). Although two antennas are illustrated for each antenna group, more or fewer antennas may be utilized for each antenna group. Base station 102 may comprise a plurality of components (e.g., processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.) associated with signal transmission and reception, And a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, each of which may include a receiver chain.

Base station 102 may communicate with one or more access terminals such as access terminal 116 and access terminal 122 while base station 102 may communicate with substantially any number of access terminals 116, It is to be appreciated that it can communicate with access terminals. Access terminals 116 and 122 may be, for example, cellular phones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems (GPS) Or any other suitable device for communicating via wireless communication system 100. [ As shown, an access terminal 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to an access terminal 116 over a forward link 118, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 120 < / RTI > The access terminal 122 also communicates with the antennas 104 and 106 where the antennas 104 and 106 transmit information to the access terminal 122 over the forward link 124 and the reverse link 126, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 122 < / RTI > Forward link 118 may utilize a frequency band that is different from the frequency band used by reverse link 120 and forward link 124 may utilize a frequency band that is different from that used by reverse link 120. In a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, for example, forward link 118 may utilize a different frequency band than that used by reverse link 120, It is possible to use a frequency band different from the frequency band used by < / RTI > Also, in a time division duplex (TDD) system, the forward link 118 and the reverse link 120 may utilize a common frequency band, and the forward link 124 and the reverse link 126 may utilize a common frequency band.

The antennas of each group and / or the area in which they are designed to communicate may be referred to as the sector of the base station 102. For example, the antenna groups may be designed to communicate with the access terminals in the sectors of the areas covered by the base station 102. In communications over the forward links 118 and 124, the transmit antennas of the base station 102 transmit beamforming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the forward links 118 and 124 to the access terminals 116 and 122 Can be utilized. Also, while base station 102 utilizes beamforming to transmit to access terminals 116 and 122 that are spread randomly through the associated coverage, access terminals in neighboring cells may transmit to all its access terminals via a single antenna Can be placed under less interference than the transmitting base station.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication system 200. In FIG. The wireless communication system 200 depicts one base station 210 and one access terminal 250 for simplicity. However, the system 200 may include more than one base station and / or two or more access terminals, and the additional base stations and / or access terminals may include an exemplary base station 210 and an access terminal 250, And may be substantially similar to, or different from. It should also be appreciated that base station 210 and / or access terminal 250 may use the methods and / or systems described herein to facilitate wireless communication between them.

At base station 210, traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 214. According to one example, each data stream may be transmitted via a separate antenna. The TX data processor 214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data stream based on the particular coding scheme selected for the traffic data stream to provide coded data.

The coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with the pilot data using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. Additionally or alternatively, the pilot symbols may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM), time division multiplexed (TDM), or code division multiplexed (CDM). The pilot data is a known data pattern that is typically processed in a known manner and may be used at the access terminal 250 to estimate the channel response. (E.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), and so on) for the data stream to provide modulation symbols. M-QAM), etc.) may be modulated (i. E., Symbol mapped) for the multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined by instructions that are performed or provided by the processor 230.

Modulation symbols for the data streams may be provided to the TX MIMO processor 220 and the TX MIMO processor 220 may further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). The TX MIMO processor 220 then provides the N _T modulation symbol streams to the N _T transmitters (TMTR) 222a through 222t. In various embodiments, the TX MIMO processor 220 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antennas, and the symbols are transmitted from the antennas.

Each transmitter 222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e. G., Amplifies) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. , Filtering, and up conversion). In addition, N _T modulated signals from transmitters 222a through 222t are transmitted from N _T antennas 224a through 224t, respectively.

At the access terminal 250, the transmitted modulated signals are received by N _R antennas 252a through 252r and the received signals from each antenna 252 are transmitted to individual receivers (RCVR) 254a through 254r / RTI > Each receiver 254 is configured to condition (e. G., Filter, amplify, and downconvert) an individual signal, digitize the conditioned signal to provide samples and provide a corresponding ≪ / RTI >

RX data processor 260 N _T of order "detected (detected)" to provide a symbol stream based on a particular receiver processing technique receives the N _R received symbols streams from N _R receivers 254 and handle can do. RX data processor 260 demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover traffic data for the data stream. The processing by the RX data processor 260 is complementary to the processing performed by the TX MIMO processor 220 and the TX data processor 214 at the base station 210.

Processor 270 may periodically determine which available technology to utilize as described above. In addition, the processor 270 may formulate a reverse link message having a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

The reverse link message may include various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. The reverse link message is processed by a TX data processor 238 that also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 236, modulated by a modulator 280, and transmitted by transmitters 254a through 254r, And may be transmitted back to the base station 210. < RTI ID = 0.0 >

At base station 210, modulated signals from access terminal 250 are received by antennas 224 and transmitted by receivers 222 to extract the reverse link messages transmitted by access terminal 250 Conditioned, demodulated by demodulator 240, and processed by RX data processor 242. In addition, the processor 230 may process the extracted message to determine what precoding matrix to use to determine the beamforming weights.

Processors 230 and 270 may direct (e.g., control, coordinate, manage, etc.) operations at base station 210 and access terminal 250, respectively. The individual receivers 230, 270 may be associated with a memory 232, 272 that stores program codes and data. Processors 230 and 270 may also perform calculations to derive frequency and impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink, respectively.

CRS  Base stand DM - RS  Based R- PDCCH  decoding

It should be appreciated that half-duplex relays may not be able to receive from their DeNB and concurrently transmit to their associated UEs (e.g., mobile stations 116 and 122 of FIG. 1). In order to solve these problems in an LTE-compatible format, one can expect that the relay will configure its own backhaul sub-frames as MBSFN (Multi-Media Broadcast over a Single Frequency Network) sub-frames. However, as a result of the need to construct an MBSFN sub-frame, relays may require up to one OFDM symbol to switch between backhaul and access link operation. Depending on the number of control symbols transmitted and the number of CRS ports configured, the relay may transmit a first OFDM symbol (if one or two CRS ports and one control symbol are configured) or a first two OFDM symbols (four CRS Ports or two control symbols are configured) may not be able to be received. Furthermore, since the relay may not be able to read the DeNB's Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) value, the maximum supported value (i.e., three OFDM symbols for cases exceeding 3 MHz) It will need to be assumed. Consequently, according to certain aspects, the R-PDCCH placement may be located to start in the fourth OFDM symbol.

Previous attempts have focused on two competing approaches to R-PDCCH deployment. That is, the hybrid FDM + TDM design illustrated in FIG. 4 as well as the pure FDM approach illustrated in FIG. The discussion presented here compares these methods based on the CRS or DM-RS-based decoding performance of both methods.

CRS - Based R- PDCCH  decoding

As a result of the above-described relaying operation, CRS-based decoding of R-PDCCH faces several challenges. First, the CRS may not be available every time a backhaul transmission occurs on sub-frames that are configured as MBSFN by the DeNB. To continue to enable CRS-based decoding in such a scenario, it may be necessary to transmit the CRS at least through resource blocks (RBs) carrying the R-PDCCH. Even so, there are some advantages typically associated with CRS, such as using its own wideband attribute for improved channel estimation performance, may not continue.

In addition, due to the timing of the above-described backhaul transmissions, the relay may not be able to use CRS symbols in the control region of the DeNB, which inevitably leads to undesirable decoding performance, especially at medium to high speeds. Also, for antenna ports 2 and 3, the remaining CRS resource elements RE can be placed on a single OFDM symbol, preventing the relay from interpolating multiple symbols in time. Also, the number of CRS REs per RB available for the relay backhaul may be {6, 6, 2, 2} for each antenna port {0, 1, 2, 3}.

An additional problem may occur when attempting to use CRS-based decoding for a hybrid FDM + TMD setup while targeting early decoding (i.e., starting the R-PDCCH decoding process at the end of the first slot). In this case, much less CRS symbols may be available for antenna ports 0 and 1, while no symbol for antenna ports 2 and 3 may be available. Based on this observation, if CRS-based decoding is not deferred until the second OFDM symbol of the second slot (i.e., the location of the first CRS symbol in the second slot for antenna ports 2 and 3) It seems incompatible with early decoding for hybrid FDM + TDM setups. However, in such a scenario, any potential gain of early decoding may be weakened.

DM - RS  Based R- PDCCH  decoding

According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, for DM-RS based decoding of R-PDCCH, the agreed DM-RS patterns can be easily used by relays, which is the specification and implementation of such decoding impact. In addition, using DM-RS for R-PDCCH decoding may provide additional advantages in supporting beamforming.

In FIG. 5, an exemplary DM-RS pattern 500 is shown for a normal and extended cyclic prefix (CP) case, where first reference symbols 510 and second reference symbols 512 are provided. Based on the previous relay timing discussion, the relay may use at least 11 symbols after the control domain of the DeNB of three OFDM symbols. As a result, the DM-RS pattern 500 may be used for decoding without requiring any modifications. To this end, it should be noted that FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary DM-RS pattern for a normal CP case for two antenna ports. Similar patterns may be used for the four antenna ports and the extended CP case.

DM - RS - Based Decoding Performance

Link-level performance results for DM-RS based decoding in conjunction with both the pure FDM design as well as the hybrid FDM + TDM design are now discussed. The performance evaluation compares the two setups based on the following assumptions.

In the pure FDM case, the transmission structure is illustrated in FIG. 3, where the R-PDCCH is typically interleaved over a limited number of RBs in the 3-4 range. Next, decoding may be performed based on the DM-RS pattern illustrated in FIG.

In the case of the hybrid FDM + TDM illustrated in FIG. 4, the R-PDCCH is interleaved across a large number of RBs, but in each case only the REs in the first slot can be used to carry the R- And the remaining REs may be used for R-PDSCH transmission. When the hybrid FDM + TDM targets the early decoding of the R-PDCCH, only the DM-RS symbols transmitted in the first slot for decoding can be used (accordingly, the DM-RS symbols in the second slot are used for R- Can be dedicated). In order to provide a fair comparison, interleaving across a large number of RBs can be considered to be compared to pure FDM with respect to having similar control region sizes for both schemes.

It has been observed that pure FDM interleaved across three RBs outperforms hybrid FDM + TDM interleaved across six RBs (in fact, even pure FDM interleaved across only two RBs, Even if it is a hybrid. In particular, in the case of one control channel element (CCE), if a frame error rate of 10% is targeted, the gain corresponds to 0.8 dB. For a 1% FER target, the gain corresponds to 0.7 dB.

Based on at least these results, in some cases, the additional interference diversity achieved by the hybrid FDM + TDM compensates for the degradation of decoding performance resulting from using only the DM-RS symbols of the first slot It may be judged that it may not be sufficient to do so. In addition to this observation, pure FDM can also benefit from dedicating DM-RS symbols to R-PDCCH or R-PDSCH decoding. In contrast, for Hybrid FDM + TDM schemes, the poorer performance for R-PDSCH is that DM-RS symbols in the first slot need to support R-PDCCH transmission and thus can not support beamforming tailored by a particular relay I can meet because of the fact. Clearly, this will impair the R-PDSCH decoding performance, and further degradation may exist.

pure FDM Multiplexing  Early decoding for

Potential early decoding gains of the hybrid FDM + TDM multiplexing architecture can be perceived as a disadvantage of pure FDM design. Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to facilitating early decoding in pure FDM designs by appropriately modifying interleaving and decoding structures.

An exemplary embodiment of this concept is illustrated in Fig. 6, where the R-PDCCH for a particular relay node "A " can be transmitted over the central resources. In this example, the multiplexing structure of the pure FDM of the R-PDSCH and PDSCH can remain unchanged even if the latter channels are not shown in Fig. 6 for simplicity. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the R-PDCCH intended for relay "A" is a small region that is not interleaved across the entire sub-frame and comprises approximately half of OFDM symbols Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > remain < / RTI > The interleaved R-PDCCH block for relay "A " may then be repeated to fill up all available resources of the sub-frame.

The previous structure allows relay node RN to perform early decoding by attempting to decode its R-PDCCH based only on the first interleaved block. If the decoding is successful, the relay can terminate the decoding process because it knows that subsequent to a particular RB is a repetition of the first interleaved block. However, if the decoding is not successful, the relay may participate in the second decoding attempt and leverage additional energy included in the second interleaved block.

The concepts described above can be further improved to improve resource and bandwidth utilization. In particular, if RN "A" can achieve early decoding at most of the time based on the first interleaved block, resource utilization may also be further reduced by using a second interleaved block for other relay R-PDCCHs Can be improved. For example, the setup shown in FIG. 7 may be considered, wherein the first interleaved block may comprise an interleaved R-PDCCH of three intermediary "A", "B" and "C". Relay " A "may target early decoding, while relays " B" and "C" may not target early decoding (both eNodeBs and relays use these top- ). As illustrated in FIG. 7, the interleaving structure of both time domain-interleaved blocks may be similar, thus enabling continuous decoding attempts with respect to the case discussed above. However, because only relay "A " can attempt early decoding, the resources of the second half RB of RB are only partially" wasted "because they may depend on them anyway, .

The concept illustrated in Fig. 7 can also be applied without imposing stringent slot boundaries. Particularly, as shown in FIG. 8, R-PDCCHs for relay "A" may be mostly located in the first half, while R-PDCCHs for relay "B" and "C" It is possible to bias the resource element group (REG) mapping in a manner that can be located. Again, this may cause the DeNB to prefer certain relays by having certain relays decode faster than average relays on average.

A further embodiment of this concept is illustrated in Fig. 9, wherein the interleaved blocks may not have the same structure, i.e. the R-PDCCH of relay "A " may only be interleaved in the first block, B "can only be interleaved over the second slot (thus there is no possibility for early decoding). It should be noted that this scenario may be of interest from a practical point of view if relay "A " operates at relatively high rates and possesses good channel conditions compared to relay" B ". In this case, it may be valuable to support early decoding for relay "A " rather than relay" B ". It should be noted that there may be a search space for the R-PDCCH such that each relay obtains at least one R-PDCCH in the first slot. This can be done, for example, by ensuring a common search space in the first time slot.

Another alternative illustrated in FIG. 10 may prioritize the transmission of downlink (DL) grants as compared to uplink (UL) grants. As illustrated in FIG. 10, DL grants can only be transmitted in the first time slot (where possible, occupying some additional resources in the second time slot if necessary), while UL grants use the remaining resources And thus can be transmitted mostly in the second time slot. An advantage of such a configuration is that UL grants typically require a short processing time and thus some early decoding gains can be achieved using this technique.

It should be noted that the interleaved blocks shown in FIGS. 6-10 may not necessarily coincide with the slot boundaries of the RB. Rather, by increasing the length of the first block there is a tradeoff between sacrificing the early decoding gain and keeping the probability that the relay successfully decodes successfully based on the first interleaved block most of the time There may be a need.

Exemplary operations that may be performed in the DeNB to generate an interpolation control structure sent over control channels to enable early decoding are now provided. These operations may begin with the creation of a control structure that includes R-PDCCH blocks with reference signals dedicated to multiple relay nodes. It should be noted here that R-PDCCH blocks may occupy multiple frequency resources and at least two time slots, and each R-PDCCH block may occupy a portion of a time slot. Next, the DeNB may transmit control structures to a plurality of relay nodes using frequency resources and time slots.

Exemplary operations are now provided that can facilitate early decoding of control channels of relay backhaul links at the relay node. For example, these operations may begin with a relay node receiving control structures transmitted over time slots and frequency resources, including R-PDCCH blocks with reference signals dedicated to multiple relay nodes . In this embodiment, R-PDCCH blocks may occupy at least two slots and frequency resources of time slots, and each R-PDCCH block may occupy a portion of a time slot. Next, the relay node can decode at least one of the R-PDCCH blocks.

Another potential way to support early decoding is to perform REQ mapping in a frequency-first (instead of time-first) format. According to the interleaving structure performed by the eNB, some relays may obtain substantial advantages from early decoding. Alternatively, in a combination of time-first encoding or time-first interleaving and frequency-first interleaving, the relay may use only modulation symbols in the first slot for decoding only. The donor eNB may increase the power of the R-PDCCH or enable early decoding by the relay using a higher CCE R-PDCCH. Alternatively, it may also be possible to use different pre-coding vectors for different slots or to apply different power boosts for the DM-RS.

It should also be noted that while the interleaving structure described in this paragraph may appear similar to a hybrid FDM + TDM setup, the design is unique on R-PDCCHs of different relays in contrast to both R-PDCCH and R-PDSCH You can do it. Control and multiplexing of data are continuously avoided in pure FDM setups, and consequently the benefits of pure FDM described above can continue to be applied.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for intelligently selecting an R-PDCCH resource / power / aggregation level in an eNB, which may help enable such early decoding. In addition to selecting the resource, power and aggregation level for the purpose of enabling early decoding, it is possible to use power boosting for R-PDCCH data tones for different slots, rather than DM-RS, But not limited to, using different pre-coding vectors.

In addition, the previous techniques for enabling early decoding for the R-PDCCH may also extend to the R-PDSCH to facilitate early decoding of the data by the relay, which may be useful for relays serving at higher rates Especially useful. For example, iterative mapping or frequency domain-first mapping of two "soft" slots may be used to enable such rate matching for the R-PDSCH.

R- PHICH  Placement of blocks

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, R-PHICH (Relay Physical Hybrid ARQ (Autoregress Request) indicator channel) blocks may be transmitted with R-PDCCH blocks. Next, the relay node can receive and decode one or more of the R-PHICH blocks together with the reception and decoding of the R-PDCCH blocks. The R-PHICH transmission may be accommodated on a subset of resource blocks (RBs) pre-dedicated to the R-PDCCH. Certain aspects of the present disclosure may support different transmission configurations for R-PHICH deployments in time. In the following, different options for R-PHICH deployment will be discussed based on the R-PDCCH configuration illustrated in FIG. 10, but some of the key concepts may also be applicable to other configurations.

According to the LTE Release-8 specifications, the PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel) may include 12 resource elements (REs) in the case of a normal CP configuration. These REs may be transmitted in a set of three groups of four REs in each group and may be interleaved across the system bandwidth. In a relay environment, the R-PHICH may include the same number of resource elements transmitted over a subset of RBs dedicated to R-PDCCH.

In the time domain, R-PHICH resources may be mapped only to portions of a sub-frame carrying DL or UL grants (e.g. DL and UL grants as illustrated in FIG. 10), respectively. The transmission of the R-PHICH in the UL part may be a desirable option considering that the R-PHICH can carry the uplink-related information. However, it may also be possible to utilize both the DL and UL portions of the sub-frame for R-PHICH transmission without having separate R-PHICH groups that cross the border between the DL and UL portions of the sub-frame. In another R-PHICH configuration, such an overlap may be tolerated, but note that this configuration may need to be carefully designed because the DL and UL portions of the sub-frame may be subject to different interleaving procedures. Should be.

According to certain aspects, the UE-RS pattern for normal sub-frames may be adapted as a DM-RS pattern for R-PDCCH and the R-PDCCH may have a fourth OFDM symbol Lt; / RTI > is proposed here. The pure FDM and hybrid FDM + TDM concepts were compared based on link-level simulations showing that pure FDM outperforms the hybrid scheme even when limited to interleaving over a limited number of RBs. Based on these findings, according to certain aspects, a pure FDM design can be adapted for R-PDCCH. In addition, as discussed above, potential approaches to support early decoding within a pure FDM design can also be exploited.

Referring now to FIG. 11, a block diagram of an exemplary relay unit that facilitates early decoding of relay signals in accordance with one embodiment is provided. As shown, the relay unit 1100 may include a processor component 1110, a memory component 1120, a communication component 1130, a reference component 1140, and a decoding component 1150.

In an aspect, the processor component 1110 is configured to execute computer-readable instructions related to performing any one of a plurality of functions. The processor component 1110 may be configured to analyze information to be communicated from the relay unit 1100 and / or to utilize it by the memory component 1120, the communication component 1130, the reference component 1140, and / or the decoding component 1150 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > and / or < / RTI > multiple processors. Additionally or alternatively, the processor component 1110 may be configured to control one or more components of the relay unit 1100.

In another aspect, the memory component 1120 is coupled to the processor component 1110 and is configured to store computer-readable instructions that are executed by the processor component 1110. The memory component 1120 may also be configured to store any of a number of different types of data generated by any of the communication component 1130, the reference component 1140, and / or the decoding component 1150 . The memory component 1120 may be configured with a number of different configurations, including random access memory, battery-backed memory, hard disk, magnetic tape, and the like. Various features may also be implemented on the memory component 1120, such as compression and automatic backup (e.g., the use of a redundant array of independent drives configuration).

In another aspect, the relay unit 1100 includes a communication component 1130 coupled to the processor component 1110 and configured to interface with the relay entity 1100 with external entities. For example, the communication component 1130 May be configured to receive a signal in a subframe, and the received signal is associated with a relay unit 1100. It is contemplated herein that the sub-frames containing the received signal may be designed according to any of a number of architectures. For example, a sub-frame may be a hybrid sub-frame that includes both frequency division multiplexing and time division multiplexing. However, in yet another embodiment, the sub-frame is a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame.

In an aspect, it should be noted that the received signal may be included in the relay physical downlink control channel (R-PDCCH). In this embodiment, the received signal may be included in a plurality of signals, each corresponding to different relays, and the R-PDCCH includes a plurality of signals. In another aspect, the received signal may be included in a relay physical downlink shared channel. In this particular embodiment, the received signal may be included in a plurality of signals, each corresponding to different relays, and the R-PDCCH includes a plurality of signals.

As illustrated, the relay unit 1100 may further include a reference component 1140. Within this embodiment, the reference component 1140 is configured to detect a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in a sub-frame. Here, it should be noted that the first reference symbol is detected before the second reference symbol. It should further be noted that although any of the various types of reference signals may be detected, particular embodiments in which the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are associated with the demodulation reference signal are contemplated.

In an aspect, the relay unit 1100 further includes a decoding component 1150. In this embodiment, the decoding component 1150 is configured to decode the received relaying signal based on the first reference symbol. In a particular embodiment, the decoding component 1150 is further configured to identify a unique parameter associated with the received signal, wherein the unique parameter is at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregation level. In another embodiment, the decoding component 1150 is configured to distinguish different pre-coding vectors associated with different slots in a sub-frame. In another embodiment, the decoding component 1150 is configured to identify a power boost applied to data tones associated with the received signal, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are excluded from the power boost.

It is contemplated that the relay unit 1100 may sometimes fail to decode the received signal using the first reference symbol. To this end, an embodiment is provided wherein the signal associated with the relay unit 110 is included in a first portion of the resource block, wherein the signal is subsequently repeated in the second portion of the received resource block after the first portion. In such an embodiment, the decoding component 1150 can be configured to attempt to decode the signal through a first portion of the resource block, and the decoding component 1150 can be configured to decode the signal if the signal is not successfully decoded through the first portion To perform subsequent decoding of the signal via a second portion of the resource block.

It is further contemplated that a relaying signal associated with relaying unit 1100 may be included in the plurality of signals. For example, a plurality of signals, each corresponding to a plurality of relays, may be included in a single resource block. In an aspect, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a plurality of signals may be included in a first portion of a resource block, and a plurality of signals are repeated in a second portion of a resource block received after the first portion. 8, a signal associated with a particular relay may be biased towards a first portion of the resource block, and the remaining of the plurality of signals may be directed toward a second portion received after the first portion Biased. In another aspect, as illustrated in FIG. 9, a signal associated with a particular relay may be included in a first portion of a resource block, and a different signal associated with a different relay may be included in a second portion received after the first portion have.

Embodiments related to communicating uplink and downlink approvals are also disclosed. For example, in an aspect, the received relaying signal includes a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants. In this embodiment, the set of downlink grants is included in the first portion of the resource block, while the set of uplink grants is included in the second portion of the resource block received after the first portion.

In a further aspect, it is contemplated that the communication component 1130 may be configured to receive a non-control channel through resource blocks dedicated to control channels. For example, in a particular embodiment, the communication component 1130 is configured to receive a relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel in a resource block dedicated to an R-PDCCH. In this embodiment, the decoding component 1150 is configured to map resources associated with the relay physical hybrid autoreflection request indicator channel only to a portion of the sub-frame that includes at least one of a set of downlink grants or a set of uplink grants .

Referring to FIG. 12, a system 1200 that facilitates early decoding of relayed signals in accordance with one embodiment is illustrated. For example, instructions for implementing system 1200 and / or system 1200 may reside within a relay node (e.g., relay unit 1100) or a computer-readable storage medium. As shown, the system 1200 includes functional blocks that may represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1200 includes a logical grouping of electrical components 1202 that can operate together. As illustrated, logical grouping 1202 may include an electrical component 1210 for receiving signals associated with a relay within a sub-frame. Logic grouping 1202 may also include an electrical component 1212 for detecting first and second reference symbols in a sub-frame. In addition, logical grouping 1202 may include an electrical component 1214 for decoding a signal based on a first reference symbol. In addition, the system 1200 can include a memory 1220 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with the electrical components 1210, 1212, or 1214, and the electrical components 1210, 1212, Any component of memory 1220 may be present in memory 1220 or external to memory 1220.

Referring now to FIG. 13, a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for facilitating early decoding of relay signals is provided. As illustrated, process 1300 includes a series of operations that may be performed by various components of a relay node (e.g., relay unit 1100) in accordance with an aspect of the present application. Process 1300 may be implemented using at least one processor executing computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium to implement a sequence of operations. In another embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is contemplated that includes code for causing at least one computer to implement the operations of process 1300. [

In an aspect, process 1300 begins by establishing communication with the network at operation 1310. Next, in operation 1320, a relaying signal is received from the network, and then in reference 1330 reference symbols are detected in the signal. Here, it should be noted that, for example, any of a plurality of reference signals including demodulation reference signals may be received. Thus, once the reference symbols have been detected, the process 1300 proceeds to identify a particular reference symbol pattern at operation 1340. For example, in one aspect, as illustrated, the pattern illustrated in FIG. 5 may be identified, and at least a first and a second set of reference symbols are received.

It is contemplated that early decoding may not be required and / or required for some relay nodes. Thus, at operation 1350, process 1300 determines if an early decoding algorithm should be applied. If early decoding is desired, the process 1300 proceeds to operation 1360 where the first set of reference symbols is selected to facilitate subsequent decoding in operation 1370. [ Otherwise, if early decoding is not required, the process 1300 proceeds to operation 1355 where the latter set of reference symbols is selected to facilitate decoding performed at operation 1370. [

Referring now to Figure 14, a block diagram illustrates an exemplary network entity (eNodeB, for example) that facilitates early decoding of relay signals in accordance with various aspects. As illustrated, the network entity 1400 may include a processor component 1410, a memory component 1420, a generating component 1430, a reference component 1440, and a communication component 1450.

Similar to the processor component 1110 of the relay unit 1100, the processor component 1410 is configured to execute computer-readable instructions related to performing any one of a plurality of functions. The processor component 1410 may be configured to analyze information to be communicated from the network entity 1400 and / or to utilize the information to be communicated by the memory component 1420, the generating component 1430, the reference component 1440, and / or the communication component 1450 Or may be a single processor or multiple processors dedicated to generating information. Additionally or alternatively, the processor component 910 may be configured to control one or more components of the network entity 1400.

In another aspect, the memory component 1420 is coupled to the processor component 1410 and is configured to store computer-readable instructions that are executed by the processor component 1410. The memory component 1420 may also store any of a number of different types of data, including data generated by the generating component 1430, the reference component 1440, and / or any of the communication component 1450 Or < / RTI > It should be noted here that the memory component 1420 is similar to the memory component 1120 of the relay unit 1100. Thus, it should be appreciated that any of the above-mentioned features / configurations of memory component 1120 are also applicable to memory component 1420. [

As illustrated, the network entity 1400 may also include a generating component 1430. Within this embodiment, generating component 1430 may be configured to generate relaying signals within a particular sub-frame. It is contemplated that the sub-frames containing the generated signal may be designed according to any of the multiple architectures. For example, in the first embodiment, the sub-frame may be a hybrid sub-frame including both frequency division multiplexing and time division multiplexing, and in other embodiments the sub-frame may be a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame . In a further embodiment, generating component 1430 is configured to associate the generated signal with a unique parameter, wherein the unique parameter is at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregate level. In yet another embodiment, generating component 1430 is configured to utilize different pre-coding vectors associated with different slots in a sub-frame.

The network entity 1400 may also include a reference component 1440. In this embodiment, the reference component 1440 is configured to provide a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in a sub-frame. Here, it should be noted that the first reference symbol is provided before the second reference symbol. It should be further noted that although the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are associated with the demodulation reference signal, although specific reference signals of various types may be provided, particular embodiments are contemplated.

In another aspect, network entity 1400 includes a communications component 1450, which is coupled to processor component 1410 and is configured to interface with network entities 1400 with external entities. For example, the communication component 1450 can be configured to send the generated signals to appropriate relays and these signals are decodable based on the first reference symbols. In a particular embodiment, communication component 1450 is configured to apply a power boost to data tones associated with the generated signal. In this embodiment, the communication component 1450 may be further configured to exclude the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol from the power boost.

In a further aspect, it is contemplated that communication component 1450 may be configured to communicate relay signals over control channels and / or non-control channels. For example, the communication component 1450 may be configured to include the generated relaying signals on the R-PDCCH. In this embodiment, the generated signal may be included in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, and the R-PDCCH includes a plurality of signals. In another aspect, communication component 1450 may be configured to include the generated relaying signals on a relay physical downlink shared channel. In this particular embodiment, the generated signal may be included in a plurality of signals, each corresponding to different relays, and the R-PDCCH includes a plurality of signals.

It is contemplated that, as previously mentioned in connection with relay unit 1100, relay nodes will sometimes fail to decode the relay signals to the first reference symbol. To this end, an embodiment is provided in which the generating component 1430 is configured to include the generated signal in a first portion of a resource block, wherein the generating component 1430 includes a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > portion. In such an embodiment, the relay nodes may attempt to perform early decoding through the first portion of the resource block, and subsequent attempts to decode the relay signal may require that the second portion of the resource block Lt; / RTI >

It is further contemplated that the relaying signals may be included in a plurality of signals. For example, a plurality of signals, each corresponding to a plurality of relays, may be included in a single resource block. In an aspect, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the generating component 1430 may be configured to include a plurality of signals in a first portion of a resource block, and the generating component 1430 may be configured to include a plurality of And to repeat the plurality of signals in a second portion of the resource block. In another aspect, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the generating component 1430 may be configured to bias a signal toward a first portion of a resource block, wherein the remaining signal of the plurality of signals includes a first portion Lt; / RTI > to the second portion of the resource block that is being transmitted to. In another aspect, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the generating component 1430 may be configured to include a signal in a first portion of a resource block, wherein a different signal associated with a different relay is transmitted after the first portion And is included in the second part of the resource block.

It should further be noted that the network entity 1400 may also facilitate communicating uplink and downlink approvals. For example, in an aspect, generating component 1430 is configured to generate relay signals including a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants. In this embodiment, the generating component 1430 may be configured to include a set of downlink grants in a first portion of the resource block, and the set of uplink grants may be configured to include a second .

In a further aspect, it is contemplated that relay nodes may be configured to receive non-control channels through resource blocks dedicated to control channels. To this end, in a specific embodiment, the generating component 1430 is configured to include a relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel in a resource block dedicated to the R-PDCCH. In this embodiment, the generating component 1430 is configured to map resources associated with the relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel only to a portion of the sub-frame that includes at least one of a set of uplink grants or a set of downlink grants .

Referring next to Fig. 15, a system 1500 that facilitates early decoding of relay signals in accordance with one embodiment is illustrated. The instructions for executing system 1500 and / or system 1500 may reside, for example, in a network entity (e.g., base station 1400) or in a computer-readable storage medium, A processor, a software, or a combination thereof (e.g., firmware). The system 1500 also includes a logical grouping 1502 of electrical components that can operate in conjunction with a logical grouping 1202 of the system 1200. As illustrated, logical grouping 1502 can include an electrical component 1510 for generating signals associated with relays within a sub-frame. The logical grouping 1502 may also include an electrical component 1512 for providing a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in a sub-frame. In addition, logical grouping 1502 can include an electrical component 1514 for transmitting signals to the relay so that the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol. In addition, the system 1500 can include a memory 1520 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with the electrical components 1510, 1512, or 1514, and the electrical components 1510, 1512, Any component of the memory 1520 may reside in or outside the memory 1520. [

Referring now to FIG. 16, a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for facilitating early decoding of relay signals is provided. As illustrated, process 1600 includes a series of operations that may be performed by various components of a network (e.g., network entity 1400) in accordance with an aspect of the present application. Process 1600 may be implemented using at least one processor for executing computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium to implement a series of operations. In another embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is contemplated comprising code for causing at least one computer to implement operations of the process 1600. [

In an aspect, process 1600 begins by establishing communication with a plurality of relay nodes at operation 1610. [ Next, operation 1620 identifies which of a number of relay nodes is required for early decoding, and then operation 1630 selects an appropriate early decoding algorithm. To this end, it should be noted that any of various early decoding algorithms may be implemented including but not limited to various early decoding algorithms disclosed herein.

Once an appropriate early decoding algorithm has been selected, process 1600 continues with operation 1640 where the relaying signals are generated according to the selected early decoding algorithm. At operation 1650, reference symbols are provided later in the generated signals, which may include exploiting any of the various reference signals. For example, as previously mentioned, demodulation reference signals may be used. Once the reference symbols have been included in the relay signals, the process 1600 terminates by sending the relay signals to the appropriate relay nodes in operation 1660. [

 Exemplary communication system

Referring now to FIG. 17, there is provided an exemplary communication system 1700 implemented in accordance with various aspects, including multiple cells, cell I 1702, cell M 1704. Here, it should be noted that neighboring cells 1702 and 1704 slightly overlap as indicated by cell border region 1768, causing signal interference between signals transmitted by base stations in neighboring cells. Each cell 1702, 1704 of system 1700 includes three sectors. Cells with non-redistributed (N = 1) cells, cells with two sectors (N = 2) and cells with more than three sectors (N> 3) with multiple sectors are also possible according to various aspects Do. Cell 1702 includes a first sector, i.e., sector I 1710, a second sector, i.e., sector II 1712, and a third sector, sector III 1714. Each sector 1710, 1712, and 1714 has two sector boundary areas, and each boundary area is shared between two adjacent sectors.

The sector boundary regions provide the possibility of signal interference between signals transmitted by base stations in adjacent sectors. Line 1716 represents the sector boundary region between sector I 1710 and sector II 1712 and line 1718 represents the sector boundary region between sector II 1712 and sector III 1714, 1720 represents a sector boundary region between sector III 1714 and sector I 1710. [ Similarly, cell M 1704 represents a first sector, i.e., sector I 1722, a second sector, i.e., sector II 1724, and a third sector, i.e., sector III 1726. Line 1728 represents the sector boundary region between sector I 1722 and sector II 1724 and line 1730 represents the sector boundary region between sector II 1724 and sector III 1726, 1732 represents a sector boundary region between sector III 1726 and sector I 1722. [ Cell I 1702 includes a base station (BS), base station I 1706, and a plurality of end nodes (EN) in each sector 1710, 1712, and 1714. Sector I 1710 includes EN (1) 1736 and EN (X) 1738 that are respectively coupled to BS 1706 via wireless links 1740 and 1742 and sector II 1712 includes Includes EN (1 ') 1744 and EN (X') 1746, each coupled to BS 1706 via wireless links 1748 and 1750, and sector III 1714 includes wireless links 1752 and EN (X " ') 1754, respectively, coupled to the BS 1706 via the base stations (BSs) 1756 and 1758. Similarly, cell M 1704 includes base station M 1708 and multiple end nodes (ENs) in each sector 1722, 1724, and 1726. Sector I 1722 includes EN (1) 1736 'and EN (X) 1738', respectively, coupled to BS M 1708 via wireless links 1740 'and 1742' II 1724 includes EN (1 ') 1744' and EN (X ') 1746', respectively, coupled to BS M 1708 via wireless links 1748 ', 1750' Sector III 1726 includes EN (1 '') 1752 'and EN (X' ') 1754' that are respectively coupled to BS 1708 via wireless links 1756 ', 1758' do.

System 1700 also includes a network node 1760 that is coupled to BS I 1706 and BS M 1708 via network links 1762 and 1764, respectively. Network node 1760 is coupled to other network nodes, such as other base stations, AAA server nodes, intermediate nodes, routers, etc., and the Internet via network link 1766. The network links 1762, 1764, 1766 may be, for example, fiber optic cables. Each end node, e.g., EN 1 1736, may be a wireless terminal including a transmitter as well as a receiver. Wireless terminals, e.g., EN (1) 1736, may move through system 1700 and communicate over wireless links with the base station of the cell where the EN is currently located. The wireless terminals WT, e. G., EN (1) 1736 may communicate with peers in system 1700 or outside system 1700 via a base station, e. G. BS 1706 and / or network node 1760, Nodes, e.g., other WTs. WTs, e.g., EN (1) 1736, may be mobile communication devices such as cell phones, personal digital assistants with wireless modems, and the like. The individual base stations allocate tones and use different methods for strip-symbol periods than the method used to determine the tone hopping in the remaining symbol periods, e.g., non-strip-symbol periods, . The wireless terminals may transmit information received from the base station to determine the tones that they can use to receive data and information in particular strip-symbol periods, e.g., base station slope ID, sector ID information, Use the assignment method. The tone subset allocation sequence is configured according to various aspects to spread inter-sector and inter-cell interference across individual tones. It should be appreciated that although the present system is primarily described within the context of a cellular mode, multiple modes are available and can be used in accordance with aspects described herein.

Exemplary base stations

FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary base station 1800 in accordance with various aspects. Base station 1800 implements tone subset allocation sequences, wherein different tone subset allocation sequences are generated for cells of different different sector types. Base station 1800 may be used as any of base stations 1706 and 1708 of system 1700 of FIG. The base station 1800 includes a receiver 1802, a transmitter 1804, a processor 1806, e.g., a CPU, an input / output interface 1808 and a memory 1810, And the various elements 1802, 1804, 1806, 1808, 1810 can exchange data and information via the bus 1809. [

Sectorized antenna 1803 coupled to receiver 1802 is used to receive data and other signals, e.g., channel reports, from wireless terminals transmissions from each sector in a cell of a base station. do. The sectorized antenna 1805 coupled to the transmitter 1804 is coupled to the wireless terminals 1900 (see FIG. 9) in each sector of the cell of the base station to receive data and other signals, such as control signals, Signals, beacon signals, and the like. In various aspects, base station 1800 includes multiple receivers 1802 and multiple transmitters 1804, e.g., individual receivers 1802 for each sector and separate transmitters 1804 for each sector ) Can be used. The processor 1806 may be, for example, a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). Processor 1806 controls the operation of base station 1800 under the direction of one or more routines 1818 stored in memory 1810 and implements the methods. I / O interface 1808 provides connections to other network nodes that couple BS 1800 to other networks and to the Internet, such as other base stations, access routers, AAA server nodes, and the like. Memory 1810 includes routines 1818 and data / information 1820.

Data / information 1820 includes tone subset allocation sequence information 1838 including data 1836, downlink strip-symbol time information 1840 and downlink tone information 1842, WT data / information 1844, which includes multiple sets of WT 1 information 1846 and WT N information 1860. Each set of WT information, e.g., WT 1 information 1846, includes data 1848, terminal ID 1850, sector ID 1852, uplink channel information 1854, downlink channel information 1856, Mode information 1858. < / RTI >

Routines 1818 include communication routines 1822 and base station control routines 1824. Base station control routines 1824 include a scheduler module 1826 and a signaling routine 1828 that signaling routine 1828 includes tone subset allocation routine 1830 during strip-symbol periods, during the remainder of the symbol periods Other downlink tone assignment hopping routines 1832 and, and beacon routines 1834 during non-strip-symbol periods, for example.

The data 1836 includes data to be transmitted to be transmitted to the encoder 1814 of the transmitter 1804 for encoding prior to transmission to the WTs and reception from the WTs that have been processed via the decoder 1812 of the receiver 1802 after reception Lt; / RTI > The downlink strip-symbol time information 1840 includes frame synchronization structure information such as superslot, beaconslot, and ultraslot structure information, and information on whether the given symbol period is a strip-symbol period, if so, the index of the strip- And information specifying whether the strip-symbol is a resetting point for truncating the tone subset allocation sequence used by the base station. Downlink tone information 1842 includes information including a carrier frequency assigned to base station 1800, the frequency and number of tones, and a set of tone subsets to be assigned to strip-symbol periods, and slope, Type and other cell and sector specific values.

Data 1848 may include data received by WT 1 1900 from the peer node, data WT 1 1900 desiring to be transmitted to the peer node, and downlink channel quality report feedback information. Terminal ID 1850 is the base station 1800 allocation ID that identifies WT 1 1900. The sector ID 1852 includes information identifying the sector in which WT 1 1900 is operating. The sector ID 1852 may be used, for example, to determine the sector type. Uplink channel information 1854 may be used by the scheduler (e. G., For WT 1 1900) to use uplink traffic channel segments for data, requests, power control, dedicated uplink control channels for timing control, 1826 < / RTI > Each uplink channel assigned to WT 1 1900 includes one or more logical tones, each logical tone following an uplink hopping sequence. Downlink channel information 1856 identifies the channel segments that were allocated by scheduler 1826 to carry data and / or information to WT 1 1900, e.g., downlink traffic channel segments for user data Information. Each downlink channel assigned to WT 1 1900 includes one or more logical tones, each tone following a downlink hopping sequence. Mode information 1858 includes information identifying the operating state of WT 1 1900, e.g., sleep, hold, on.

Communication routines 1822 control base station 1800 to perform various communication operations and implement various communication protocols. Base station control routines 1824 control base station 1800 to perform basic base station functional tasks, such as signal generation and reception, scheduling, Is used to implement the steps of the method of some aspects, including transmitting signals to the terminals.

The signaling routine 1828 controls the operation of a transmitter 1804 having a receiver 182 and an encoder 1814 with a decoder 1812. The signaling routine 1828 is responsible for controlling the generation of the transmitted data 1836 and control information. The tone subset allocation routine 1830 uses the data / information 1820 that includes the downlink strip-symbol time information 1840 and the sector ID 1852 and uses the method in a manner that will be used in the strip- Tone subset. The downlink tone subset allocation sequences will be different for each sector type of the cell and different for neighbor cells. WTs 1900 receive signals in strip-symbol periods in accordance with the downlink tone subset allocation sequences, and base station 1800 uses the same downlink tone subset allocation sequences to generate transmission signals. Other downlink tone allocation hopping routines 1832 use downlink tone information 1842 and downlink channel information 1856 information during symbol periods other than strip-symbol periods to provide downlink tone hopping sequences . The downlink data tone hopping sequences are synchronized across the sectors of the cell. The beacon routine 1834 controls the transmission of a relatively high power signal concentrated on a beacon signal, e. G., One or a small number of tones, which may be used for synchronization purposes, e. G. May be used to synchronize the frame timing structure and thus the tone subset allocation sequence.

An exemplary wireless terminal

19 illustrates an exemplary wireless terminal (end node) 1900 that may be used as any of the wireless terminals (end nodes) of the system 1700 shown in FIG. 17, e.g., EN (1) . The wireless terminal 1900 implements tone subset allocation sequences. The wireless terminal 1900 includes a receiver 1902 including a decoder 1912, a transmitter 1904 including an encoder 1914, a processor 1906, and a memory 1908, And various elements 1902, 1904, 1906, 1908 through bus 1910 can exchange data and information. An antenna 1903 used to receive signals from a base station (and / or a heterogeneous wireless terminal) is coupled to a receiver 1902. An antenna 1905, which is used, for example, to transmit signals to a base station (and / or a heterogeneous wireless terminal) is coupled to a transmitter 1904.

A processor 1906, e.g., a CPU, controls the operation of the wireless terminal 1900, implements methods using the data / information 1922 of the memory 1908 and by executing the routines 1920.

Data / information 1922 includes user data 1934, user information 1936, and tone subset allocation sequence information 1950. User data 1934 includes data intended for the peer node to be routed to encoder 1914 for encoding prior to transmission to base station by transmitter 1904 and data intended for the peer node to be processed by decoder 1912 of receiver 1902. [ , And data received from the base station. User information 1936 includes uplink channel information 1938, downlink channel information 1940, terminal ID information 1942, base station ID information 1944, sector ID information 1946 and mode information 1948 do. Uplink channel information 1938 includes information identifying the uplink channel segments assigned by the base station to wireless terminal 1900 for use in transmitting to the base station. The uplink channels may include uplink traffic channels, dedicated uplink control channels, e.g., request channels, power control channels, and timing control channels. Each uplink channel includes one or more logical tones, each logical tone following an uplink tone hopping sequence. The uplink hopping sequences are different for each sector type of the cell and for each adjacent cell. The downlink channel information 1940 includes information identifying the downlink channel segments assigned to the WT 1900 by the base station for use by the base station to transmit data / information to the WT 1900. The downlink channels may include downlink traffic channels and assignment channels, each downlink channel comprising one or more logical tones, each logical tone being synchronized between each sector of the cell. .

User information 1936 also includes terminal ID information 1942 that is a base station-assignment identifier, base station ID information 1944 that identifies the particular base station that established the WT with the WT and a particular sector of the cell where WT 1900 is currently located And sector ID information 1946 identifying the sector ID. Base station ID 1944 provides the cell slope value, sector ID information 1946 provides the sector index type, and the cell slope value and sector index type can be used to derive the tone hopping sequences. Mode information 1948, also contained in user information 1936, identifies whether WT 1900 is in slot mode, in hold mode, or in on mode.

The tone subset allocation sequence information 1950 includes downlink strip-symbol time information 1952 and downlink tone information 1954. [ The downlink strip-symbol time information 1952 includes frame synchronization structure information such as superslot, beaconslot and ultraslot structure information, and information indicating whether a given symbol period is a strip-symbol period and if so, an index of a strip- And information specifying whether the strip-symbol is a resetting point for truncating the tone subset allocation sequence used by the base station. Downlink tone information 1954 includes information including a carrier frequency assigned to the base station, the frequency and number of tones, and a set of tone subsets to be assigned to strip-symbol periods, and information such as slope, slope index and sector type Other cell and sector specific values.

Routines 1920 include communication routines 1924 and wireless terminal control routines 1926. Communication routines 1924 control the various communication protocols used by WT 1900. The wireless terminal control routines 1926 control basic wireless terminal 1900 functions including control of receiver 1902 and transmitter 1904. [ The wireless terminal control routines 1926 include a signaling routine 1928. The signaling routine 1928 includes tone subset allocation routine 1930 during strip-symbol periods, and other downlink tone allocation hopping routines 1932 during the remaining periods of symbol periods, e.g., non-strip- do. Tone subset allocation routine 1930 generates downlink tone subset allocation sequences in accordance with some aspects and outputs downlink channel information 1940, base station ID information 1944, Information 1922 including, for example, the slope index and sector type, and downlink tone information 1954. The user data / Other downlink tone allocation hopping routines 1930 use downlink tone information 1954 and downlink channel information 1940 information during symbol periods other than strip-symbol periods to provide downlink tone hopping sequences < RTI ID = 0.0 > . The tone subset allocation routine 1930 is executed when the wireless terminal 1900 receives one or more strip-symbol signals from the base station 1800 and when the wireless terminal 1900 is in any tone Symbol signals from the base station 1800 via the base station 1800. [ The uplink tone allocation hopping routine 1930 uses the tone subset allocation function with the information received from the base station to determine the tones that the base station should transmit.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted via one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and any communication media including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. The storage medium may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. For example, such a computer-readable medium may carry the desired program code in the form of RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, but is not limited to, any other medium that can be used to carry or store and be accessed by a computer. Further, any connection means is suitably referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source over wireless technologies such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or infrared, radio, and microwave, Wireless technologies such as cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of the medium. The disks and discs used herein include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy discs, and Blu-ray discs, Discs reproduce data optically through a laser. The preceding combinations should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

When embodiments are implemented as program code or code segments, the code segments may be stored as part of a process, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class or instructions, a data structure or program statements It should be appreciated that any combination may be indicated. A code segment may be coupled with other code segments or hardware circuitry by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, Additionally, in some aspects, steps and / or operations of a method or algorithm may be performed on a machine readable medium and / or computer readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product, One or any combination or set of < / RTI >

In a software implementation, the techniques presented herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, and when implemented external to the processor, the memory unit may be communicatively coupled to the processor through various means known in the art.

In a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.

What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe all conceivable combinations of components or methods to describe the embodiments described, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the described embodiments are intended to embrace all such variations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Also, to the extent that the term "include" is used in the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" when used in the claims as a transitional word Quot; in a manner similar to what is interpreted as "an ").

As used herein, the terms " infer "or" inference "generally refer to a system, environment, and / or methodology from a set of observations as captured through events and / Quot; refers to a process of determining or inferring a user's states. The inference may be used, for example, to identify a particular context or action, or may generate a probability distribution over states. The inference can be probabilistic, that is, it can calculate the probability distribution for states of interest based on consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques used to construct high-level events from a set of events and / or data. Such inference may comprise configuring new events or actions from a set of observed events and / or stored event data, determining whether events are correlated in near time proximity, and determining whether events and data are correlated to one or more events and data Sources. ≪ / RTI >

Also, the terms "component," "module," "system," and the like used in the present application are intended to encompass a computer-related entity such as a combination of hardware, firmware, software and hardware, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and a computing device may be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and / or thread of execution, one component may be localized on one computer, and / or distributed between two or more computers. Further, such components may execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored therein. The components may be, for example, signals with one or more data packets (e.g., in a local system, in a distributed system and / or interacting with other components over a network (e.g., the Internet) And / or remote processes in accordance with data from one component (e.g., data from one component).

Claims (90)

A method for facilitating early processing of relay signals,
Receiving a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal being associated with a relay;
Detecting a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being detected before the second reference symbol; And
And decoding the signal based on the first reference symbol. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are associated with a demodulation reference signal. delete delete 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is included in a relay physical downlink control channel. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the signal is contained in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, and wherein the relay physical downlink control channel comprises the plurality of signals, a method of facilitating early processing of relay signals . 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is included in a relay physical downlink shared channel. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the signal is comprised in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays and the relay physical downlink shared channel comprises the plurality of signals, . 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is included in a first portion of a resource block, the signal being repeated in a second portion of a resource block received after the first portion to facilitate early processing of the relay signals . 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of decoding includes attempting to decode the signal through a first portion of the resource block, wherein the decoding is performed by the signal being successfully decoded If not, performing subsequent decoding of the signal through a second portion of the resource block. ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 19 > 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of signals, each corresponding to a plurality of relays, are included in a resource block, and wherein the signal is included in the plurality of signals. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of signals are included in a first portion of the resource block, the plurality of signals being repeated in a second portion of the resource block received after the first portion, / RTI > 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the signal is biased towards a first portion of the resource block and the remaining signal of the plurality of signals is biased towards a second portion of the resource block received after the first portion. A method for facilitating early processing of relay signals. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the signal is included in a first portion of the resource block, and a different signal associated with a different relay is included in a second portion of the resource block received after the first portion, / RTI > 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said decoding further comprises identifying an intrinsic parameter associated with the signal, wherein the intrinsic parameter is at least one of a power level, a resource level or an aggregation level, / RTI > 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the decoding further comprises differentiating different pre-coding vectors each associated with different slots in the sub-frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the decoding step further comprises identifying a power boost applied to data tones associated with the signal, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol Wherein the power boost is excluded from the power boost. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel is received in resource blocks dedicated to a relay physical downlink control channel. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the decoding is performed only for a portion of a sub-frame that includes at least one of a set of uplink grants or a set of downlink grants, The method further comprising the steps of: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants, wherein the set of downlink grants is included in a first portion of a resource block, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1 < / RTI > portion of the received resource block. An apparatus configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals,
A processor configured to execute computer executable components stored in memory,
The computer-
A communication component configured to receive a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal associated with a relay;
A reference component configured to detect a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being detected before the second reference symbol; And
And a decoding component configured to decode the signal based on the first reference symbol. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are associated with a demodulation reference signal. delete delete 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the signal is included in a relay physical downlink control channel. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the signal is comprised in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, and wherein the relay physical downlink control channel comprises the plurality of signals, configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals Device. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the signal is included in a relay physical downlink shared channel. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the signal is comprised in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, the relay physical downlink shared channel comprising the plurality of signals, configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals Device. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the signal is contained in a first portion of a resource block, the signal being repeated in a second portion of a resource block received after the first portion, configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals Device. 32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the decoding component is configured to attempt to decode the signal through a first portion of the resource block, wherein the decoding component decodes the signal if the signal is not successfully decoded through the first portion And configured to perform subsequent decoding of the signal through a second portion of the resource block. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein a plurality of signals, each corresponding to a plurality of relays, are included in a resource block, and wherein the signal is included in the plurality of signals. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of signals are included in a first portion of the resource block, the plurality of signals being repeated in a second portion of the resource block received after the first portion, An apparatus configured to facilitate processing. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the signal is biased towards a first portion of the resource block, and the remaining signal of the plurality of signals is biased towards a second portion of the resource block received after the first portion. And configured to facilitate early processing of the relay signals. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the signal is contained in a first portion of the resource block, and a different signal associated with a different relay is included in a second portion of the resource block received after the first portion, An apparatus configured to facilitate processing. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the decoding component is configured to identify a unique parameter associated with the signal, wherein the inherent parameter facilitates early processing of the relayed signals, which is at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregation level Lt; / RTI > 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the decoding component is configured to distinguish different pre-coding vectors each associated with different slots in the sub-frame. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the decoding component is configured to identify a power boost applied to data tones associated with the signal, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are excluded from the power boost, An apparatus configured to facilitate processing. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the communication component is configured to receive a relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel in resource blocks dedicated to a relay physical downlink control channel. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the decoding component is configured to map resources associated with the relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel only to a portion of a sub-frame comprising at least one of a set of uplink grants or a set of downlink grants And configured to facilitate early processing of the relay signals. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the signal comprises a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants, the set of downlink grants being included in a first portion of a resource block, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1 < / RTI > portion of the received resource block. A computer-readable storage medium that facilitates early processing of relay signals,
The computer-readable storage medium may cause at least one computer to:
Receiving a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal being associated with a relay;
Detecting a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being detected before the second reference symbol; And
And code to cause the signal to be decoded based on the first reference symbol. delete 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the signal comprises a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants, the set of downlink grants being included in a first portion of a resource block, And wherein the second portion of the resource block received after the first portion is included in the second portion of the resource block received after the first portion. An apparatus configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals,
Means for receiving a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal associated with a relay;
Means for detecting a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being detected before the second reference symbol; And
And means for decoding the signal based on the first reference symbol. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the means for decoding is configured to identify a unique parameter associated with the signal, the unique parameter being at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregate level to facilitate early processing of the relayed signals The device to be configured. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the means for decoding is configured to facilitate early processing of the relay signals, the means being adapted to distinguish different pre-coding vectors each associated with different slots in the sub-frame. A method for facilitating early processing of relay signals,
Generating a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal being associated with a relay;
Providing a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being provided before the second reference symbol; And
And transmitting the signal to the relay, wherein the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are associated with a demodulation reference signal. delete delete 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the transmitting comprises including the signal in a relay physical downlink control channel. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the signal is comprised in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, the relay physical downlink control channel comprising the plurality of signals, a method for facilitating early processing of relay signals . 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the transmitting comprises including the signal on a relay physical downlink shared channel. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the signal is contained in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, and wherein the relay physical downlink shared channel comprises the plurality of signals, a method of facilitating early processing of relay signals . 48. The method of claim 47, wherein generating comprises including the signal in a first portion of a resource block, wherein the generating includes generating a signal in a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion, The method further comprising repeating the steps of: 48. The method of claim 47, wherein generating comprises including a plurality of signals, each corresponding to a plurality of relays, in a resource block, wherein the signal is included in the plurality of signals, Lt; / RTI > 58. The method of claim 56, wherein generating comprises including the plurality of signals in a first portion of the resource block, wherein the generating includes generating a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion, ≪ / RTI > further comprising repeating the plurality of signals in a portion of the received signal. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein generating comprises biasing the signal towards a first portion of the resource block, wherein the remaining signal of the plurality of signals comprises a portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion And biased toward the second part. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein generating comprises including the signal in a first portion of the resource block, wherein a different signal associated with a different relay is included in a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion The method comprising the steps of: 48. The method of claim 47, wherein generating comprises associating the signal with a unique parameter, the unique parameter being at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregate level, Way. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein generating comprises utilizing different pre-coding vectors each associated with different slots in the sub-frame. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the transmitting step comprises applying a power boost to data tones associated with the signal, wherein the transmitting step excludes the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol from the power boost Said method further comprising the steps of: 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the generating comprises including a relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel in resource blocks dedicated to a relay physical downlink control channel, Way. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein generating comprises mapping only the portion of the sub-frame that includes at least one of a set of uplink grants or a set of downlink grants to resources associated with the relay physical < The method comprising the steps of: 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the signal comprises a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants, wherein generating includes including a set of downlink grants in a first portion of the resource block, Wherein the set of uplink grants is included in a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion. An apparatus configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals,
A processor configured to execute computer executable components stored in memory,
The computer-
A generating component configured to generate a signal within a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal associated with a relay;
A reference component configured to provide a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being provided before the second reference symbol; And
And a communication component configured to transmit the signal to the relay, wherein the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol. 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol are associated with a demodulation reference signal. delete delete 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the communications component is configured to include a signal in a relay physical downlink control channel. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the signal is comprised in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, the relay physical downlink control channel comprising the plurality of signals, configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals Device. 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the communication component is configured to include a signal in a relay physical downlink shared channel. 73. The method of claim 72, wherein the signal is comprised in a plurality of signals each corresponding to different relays, and wherein the relay physical downlink shared channel comprises the plurality of signals, configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals Device. 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the generating component is configured to include the signal in a first portion of a resource block, the generating component repeating the signal in a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion And configured to facilitate early processing of the relay signals. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the generating component is configured to include a plurality of signals, each corresponding to a plurality of relays, in a resource block, wherein the signals are included in the plurality of signals to facilitate early processing of relay signals Lt; / RTI > 76. The method of claim 75 wherein the generating component is configured to include the plurality of signals in a first portion of the resource block, And configured to facilitate the early processing of the relay signals, wherein the relay signal is further configured to repeat a plurality of signals. 77. The method of claim 75 wherein the generating component is configured to bias the signal toward a first portion of the resource block and the remaining signal of the plurality of signals is directed toward a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion And configured to facilitate early processing of the relayed signals. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the generating component is configured to include the signal in a first portion of the resource block, wherein a different signal associated with a different relay is included in a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion And configured to facilitate early processing of the relaying signals. 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the generating component is configured to associate the signal with a unique parameter, the unique parameter being at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregate level, . 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the generating component is configured to utilize different pre-coding vectors each associated with different slots in the sub-frame. 70. The system of claim 66, wherein the communication component is configured to apply a power boost to data tones associated with the signal, the communication component further configured to exclude the first reference symbol and the second reference symbol from the power boost And configured to facilitate early processing of the relay signals. 67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the generating component is configured to include a relay physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel in resource blocks dedicated to a relay physical downlink control channel, . 83. The system of claim 82, wherein the generating component is configured to map resources associated with the relay physical hybrid autoreflection request indicator channel only to a portion of a sub-frame that includes at least one of a set of uplink grants or a set of downlink grants And to facilitate early processing of the relay signals. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the signal comprises a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants, wherein the generating component is configured to include a set of downlink grants in a first portion of the resource block, Wherein the set of acknowledgments is included in a second portion of the resource block transmitted after the first portion. A computer readable storage medium that facilitates early processing of relay signals,
The computer-readable storage medium may cause at least one computer to:
Generating a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal being associated with a relay;
Providing a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being provided before the second reference symbol; And
Code for causing the relay to transmit the signal, wherein the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol. delete 87. The method of claim 85, wherein the signal comprises a set of uplink grants and a set of downlink grants, the set of downlink grants being included in a first portion of a resource block, And the second portion of the resource block received after the first portion. An apparatus configured to facilitate early processing of relay signals,
Means for generating a signal in a pure frequency division multiplexing sub-frame, the signal being associated with a relay;
Means for providing a first reference symbol and a second reference symbol in the sub-frame, the first reference symbol being provided before the second reference symbol; And
And means for transmitting the signal to the relay, wherein the signal is decodable based on the first reference symbol. 90. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein the means for generating is configured to associate the signal with a unique parameter, the unique parameter being at least one of a power level, a resource level, or an aggregate level to facilitate early processing of the relayed signals The device to be configured. 90. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein the means for generating is configured to facilitate early processing of the relay signals, wherein the means for generating is configured to utilize different pre-coding vectors each associated with different slots in the sub-frame.

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