KR101508255B1 - System and Method for controlling congestion in industrial multihop wireless sensor networks - Google Patents
System and Method for controlling congestion in industrial multihop wireless sensor networks Download PDFInfo
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- KR101508255B1 KR101508255B1 KR20140040025A KR20140040025A KR101508255B1 KR 101508255 B1 KR101508255 B1 KR 101508255B1 KR 20140040025 A KR20140040025 A KR 20140040025A KR 20140040025 A KR20140040025 A KR 20140040025A KR 101508255 B1 KR101508255 B1 KR 101508255B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
- H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to a sensor wireless network, and more particularly, to a sensor wireless network in which sensor nodes transmit data to a sink node and distribute traffic by changing the path according to the quality of the traffic and link to control congestion, To an apparatus and method for congestion control of an industrial wireless sensor network in a hop environment.
A wireless sensor network consists of several sensor nodes and one sink node.
Sensor nodes collect data and transmit them to a sink node. Since the collected data are transmitted to one sink node, congestion often occurs due to convergence type traffic characteristics.
When congestion occurs, problems such as buffer overflow, packet collision, packet loss, and the like are caused, thereby degrading the reliability of the application.
Therefore, in order to solve congestion, researches on data merging method, congested area detection and processing method and the like have been carried out.
The data merge method is a method of merging and collecting data from spatially close nodes when collecting data in a tree form in a wireless sensor network.
This technique is designed in consideration of the fact that nodes with close spatial proximity are likely to collect similar data. The merit of merging data is to reduce traffic, but it is not reliable.
And congestion area detection and processing method is a method to increase the sensing period or to reduce the amount of traffic by discarding packets or to bypass routing to congested area by bypassing and dispersing traffic in order to solve traffic in congested area after detection of congested area Respectively.
However, this method is disadvantageous in that the accuracy and reliability of the sensing information is degraded because the sensing period is increased or the packet is discarded.
Thus, in the prior art, a method of reducing the amount of traffic is selected by merging similar packets, increasing the sensing speed, or discarding packets.
However, this may degrade the reliability and timeliness of the wireless sensor network, and it is necessary to develop a technology that satisfies the reliability and timeliness of the sensing information.
Especially, in wireless sensor networks, there are many techniques to control traffic to control congestion. However, it is required to develop a technology to control traffic considering link quality in actual environment.
The present invention solves the problem of congestion control in a sensor wireless network of the related art. When sensor nodes transmit data to a sink node, the path is changed according to traffic and link quality, The present invention provides a congestion control apparatus and method for an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment that provides reliability and timeliness of data transmission.
The present invention relates to an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment that can be applied to all fields for analyzing collected data such as industrial process monitoring applications or machine state applications requiring reliability and timeliness in an industrial wireless sensor network environment And to provide a congestion control apparatus and method.
In the present invention, traffic is defined by the amount of packets transmitted by a node for a predetermined time, and each node overflows a packet transmitted by the neighboring node to measure traffic of the neighboring node. The present invention provides an apparatus and method for congestion control of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment in which congestion control is performed by defining a channel link quality.
The objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.
In order to achieve the above object, a congestion control apparatus for an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention is characterized in that each sensor node periodically transmits data to a sink node, and a sink node and one or more hop nodes are multi- A traffic measuring unit and a link quality measuring unit for measuring traffic and link quality of upper neighbor nodes at every cycle when data is transmitted, and when a timer interrupt occurs, comparing time count values to transmit sensing messages or initializing traffic and link quality tables And an RF interrupt processor for parsing a received packet when an RF interrupt occurs and performing a metric operation using traffic and link quality to change a routing path or to transmit a forwarding message.
The timer interrupt processing unit includes a time count value comparing unit for comparing a time count value by increasing a time count value by executing a timer interrupt routine when a timer interrupt occurs, And a table initialization unit for initializing traffic and a link quality table when the time count value is equal to the traffic and link quality measurement period.
The RF interrupt processor includes a packet parser for parsing a received packet by executing an RF interrupt routine when an RF interrupt occurs, and a packet parser for performing a metric operation using traffic and link quality when receiving the path change request message And a routing path changing unit for changing the routing path based on the probability that the traffic increase is in the reference level range according to a result of the metric operation and changing the routing path if it is determined that the congestion occurrence probability is higher than the reference level range, And a forwarding message transmitter for transmitting a forwarding message by changing a source ID and a target ID by distinguishing a forwarding message or a sensing message.
A method for congestion control of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention for achieving another object comprises the steps of generating a timer interrupt and generating an RF interrupt for congestion control in an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi- A timer interrupt routine is executed to increase a time count value; when the time count value is equal to the sensing period, a sensing message is transmitted; The method comprising the steps of: initializing traffic and a link quality table when the traffic and link quality measurement period is the same, parsing a received packet by executing an RF interrupt routine when an RF interrupt occurs, And performing a metric operation using the link quality; Changing the routing path based on probability if the traffic increase is in the reference level range according to the calculation result and changing the routing path if it is determined that the congestion occurrence probability is higher than the reference level range; And transmitting the forwarding message by changing the source ID and the target ID.
The traffic measurement is defined as a quantity of packets transmitted by a node for a predetermined time, and each node measures a traffic of a neighboring node by overcoming a packet transmitted by the neighboring node.
The link quality measurement is defined as the number of sensing messages that the node has overheard for a certain period of time. If the number of sensing messages sent by the neighboring node is constant, And judges that the link quality is not good if it is less than the value.
In addition,
The apparatus and method for congestion control in an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention have the following effects.
First, when sensor nodes transmit data to the sink node, congestion can be controlled by distributing the traffic by changing the route according to the traffic and link quality.
Second, by reducing packet loss due to congestion and poor link quality, it is possible to increase the reliability and timeliness by reducing the collection rate and delay time of data arriving at the sink node.
Third, it can be applied to all fields of system management by analyzing collected data such as industrial process monitoring application and machine state application that require reliability and timeliness in an industrial wireless sensor network environment.
1 is a topology diagram of a tree structure applying a congestion control method of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention
2 is a block diagram of a congestion control apparatus for an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a congestion control method of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a congestion control apparatus and method for an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention will be described in detail.
Features and advantages of an apparatus and method for congestion control of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of each embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a topology diagram of a tree structure to which a congestion control method of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a congestion control apparatus of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi- FIG.
The present invention is a system for controlling congestion by distributing traffic by changing paths according to traffic and link quality when sensor nodes transmit data to a sink node in a multi-hop industrial wireless sensor network environment.
To this end, according to the present invention, the number of sensing messages sent by the neighboring node for a predetermined period of time has a certain value. If it is equal to the value, it is determined that the link quality is good. If the received value is less than the predetermined value, will be.
In addition, when the sensor node selects the node of the next hop, the metric is designed to be higher when the traffic value is lower and the link quality value is higher, and the correction value is applied so that the range of the value is widened for accurate metric measurement .
There are three types of messages used in the present invention.
The first is a sensing message required for sensing data collection applications. Each sensor node periodically generates a sensing message.
The second is the forwarding message needed for multi-hop communication. Each sensor node uses a sensing message received from the lower neighbor nodes to transmit to the sink node.
The third is a route change request message that requests a route change to a lower node when the traffic is over a certain level or there is a risk of congestion.
As shown in FIG. 2, the congestion control apparatus of the industrial wireless sensor network in the multi-hop environment according to the present invention transmits data to the sink node periodically, and each node of the sink node and the one- A
The timer
The RF
The congestion control apparatus of the industrial wireless sensor network of the multi-hop environment according to the present invention operates in the topology of the tree structure as shown in FIG. 1, and each sensor node periodically transmits data to the sink node.
The sink node and the one hop distance or more nodes transmit data to the multi hop. And measures the traffic and link quality of the upper neighbor nodes every cycle.
If the measured traffic exceeds a certain threshold, it sends a route change request message to the lower neighbors.
Only the node that received the route change request message computes the metric and changes the route to the node with the highest metric.
There are two kinds of route change request messages.
If the send path change request message is received because the risk of congestion is high, the metric computed for the next hop unconditionally changes to the highest node and the path is changed. When the path change request message is received, And changes the metric that computes the node of the next hop to the node having the highest probability.
The reason for changing the probabilistic path is that if all the nodes change to the node having the highest metric at the same time, the probability of congestion due to concentration of traffic to the node increases.
The present invention uses traffic and link quality as a metric when a sensor node selects a next hop node.
If the node with the next hop is selected as the next hop node, there is a high probability that the traffic will be concentrated and the packet will be lost.
Also, if a node with bad link quality is selected, the probability of retransmission and packet loss is high. Therefore, when selecting the next hop node, it is necessary to select a node with good link quality and low traffic.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a congestion control method of an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention.
First, in order to control the congestion of the industrial wireless sensor network in the multi-hop environment, when a timer interrupt occurs (S301), a timer interrupt routine is executed (S302) The count value is increased (S303)
Next, the time count value is compared (S304). If the time count value is equal to the sensing period, a sensing message is transmitted (S305)
If the time count value is equal to the traffic and link quality measurement period, the traffic and link quality table are initialized (S306)
If an RF interrupt occurs (S311), the RF interrupt routine is executed (S312) and the received packet is parsed (S313)
When the path change request message is received, the metric operation is performed using the traffic and the link quality (S314)
The method field is checked according to the result of the metric operation (S315). If the traffic increase is within the reference level range, the routing path is changed based on probability (S316)
If it is determined that the congestion occurrence probability is higher than the reference level range, the routing path is immediately changed (S317)
If the sensing message is received, the corresponding node field of the link quality table is incremented by one (S318), and the corresponding node field of the traffic table is incremented by one (S319)
If the forwarding message is received, the corresponding node field of the traffic table is incremented by 1. (S319)
Then, the source ID and the target ID are changed and the forwarding message is transmitted (S220)
In the congestion control apparatus and method of the industrial wireless sensor network in the multi-hop environment according to the present invention, traffic and link quality are measured as follows.
First, traffic is defined as the amount of packets transmitted by a node for a certain period of time.
Each node can overlay the packet transmitted by the neighboring node and measure the traffic of the neighboring node.
The link quality is defined as the number of sensing messages that the node overhears for a certain period of time. The number of sensing messages sent by the neighbor nodes for a certain period of time has a constant value.
If the value is equal to the value, the link quality is good, and if the value is less than the value, the link quality is not good.
An apparatus and method for congestion control in an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi-hop environment according to the present invention is designed such that when a sensor node selects a next hop node, the metric becomes higher as the traffic value is lower and the link quality value is higher.
And apply a correction value to widen the range of values for accurate metric measurements.
In order to apply the present invention, a node having an MCU with a timer function and a RF transceiver is required.
Generally, the MCU used in the sensor node has a built-in timer function or an RF transceiver, so that the congestion control apparatus and method of the industrial wireless sensor network in the multi-hop environment according to the present invention can be easily applied.
For multi-hop communication, each node must have a unique ID and be able to identify the node's ID.
Therefore, the congestion control apparatus of the industrial wireless sensor network in the multi-hop environment according to the present invention includes a periodic data collection and transmission function, a data transfer function of the lower node, and a configuration for periodic traffic and link quality measurement.
Periodic data collection and transmission functions can be implemented using timers and RF transceivers. The data is periodically collected using a timer and data is transmitted using an RF transceiver.
The data transfer function of the lower node is implemented by using an RF transceiver. When data of the lower node is received through the RF transceiver, the lower node copies data received from the RF interrupt routine, converts the address of the transmission ID to its own ID address, To transmit the data.
Periodic traffic and link quality measurement functions can be implemented using timers and RF transceivers.
First, the number of overhearing messages and the number of overhearing messages per node ID are stored as variables and initialized.
Each time the message is received, each variable is incremented by one. The number of overhead messages in the timer interrupt routine is set to the link quality as the number of traffic and overhead sensing messages.
The sensing period, the calculation period of the traffic and the link quality can be flexibly applied according to the characteristics of the application to be applied.
As described above, it will be understood that the present invention is implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention.
It is therefore to be understood that the specified embodiments are to be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense and that the scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description and that all such differences falling within the scope of equivalents thereof are intended to be embraced therein It should be interpreted.
20.
40. Timer interrupt
Claims (7)
A time count comparing unit for comparing the time count value by increasing a time count value by executing a timer interrupt routine when a timer interrupt occurs, a sensing message transmitting unit for transmitting a sensing message when the time count value is equal to the sensing period, A timer interruption processing unit including a table initialization unit for initializing traffic and link quality tables when the time count value is equal to the traffic and link quality measurement period;
And an RF interrupt processor for parsing the received packet and performing a metric operation using the traffic and the link quality to change a routing path or to transmit a forwarding message when an RF interrupt occurs, Congestion control device in sensor network.
A packet parser for parsing the received packet by executing an RF interrupt routine when an RF interrupt occurs,
A metric operation unit for performing a metric operation using traffic and link quality when a route change request message is received;
A routing path changing unit for changing the routing path based on probability when the traffic increase is in the reference level range according to a result of the metric operation and changing the routing path when it is determined that the congestion occurrence probability is higher than the reference level range;
And a forwarding message transmitter for transmitting a forwarding message by changing a source ID and a target ID by distinguishing a forwarding message or a sensing message when the forwarding message or the sensing message is received.
A step of distinguishing between occurrence of a timer interrupt and occurrence of an RF interrupt;
When a timer interrupt occurs, executing a timer interrupt routine to increase a time count value;
Transmitting a sensing message when the time count value is equal to the sensing period, and initializing the traffic and link quality table when the time count value is equal to the traffic and link quality measurement period;
When an RF interrupt occurs, executing an RF interrupt routine and parsing the received packet;
Performing a metric operation using the traffic and the link quality when the path change request message is received;
Changing the routing path based on the probability if the traffic increase is in the reference level range according to the result of the metric operation and changing the routing path if it is determined that the congestion occurrence probability is higher than the reference level range;
And forwarding a forwarding message by changing a source ID and a target ID by distinguishing a case where a forwarding message or a sensing message is received, and transmitting the forwarding message.
Wherein the traffic is defined as the amount of packets transmitted by the node for a predetermined period of time, and each node overflows a packet transmitted by the neighboring node to measure the traffic of the neighboring node. Control method.
Metric j , i Is the metric of j measured by node i , LinkQuality j, a i is a link quality of a node j node i to sense message of the over coherent node j, Traffic j, i is characterized in that the number of packets sent in a coherent node i over to the node j traffic node j A congestion control method for an industrial wireless sensor network in a multi - hop environment.
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| KR20140040025A KR101508255B1 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2014-04-03 | System and Method for controlling congestion in industrial multihop wireless sensor networks |
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| KR101670809B1 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2016-10-31 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Method For Selecting Parent Node Considering Load Balancing In a Wireless Communication System with Multi-Hop Structure |
| KR20180013573A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-07 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Method for Avoiding Network Congestion by Centralized Network Controller |
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| US11082329B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2021-08-03 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Lossless data delivery at route changes in wireless radio networks |
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| KR20060018882A (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2006-03-02 | 메시네트웍스, 인코포레이티드 | A method to provide a measure of link reliability to a routing protocol in an ad hoc wireless network |
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| KR101212122B1 (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-12-13 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | Routing Method using Broadcasting message of Sink node in Wireless Sensor Networks |
| KR101200496B1 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-11-12 | 목포대학교산학협력단 | Method for Path Selection in Multihop Cooperative Communication Systems |
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| KR20060018882A (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2006-03-02 | 메시네트웍스, 인코포레이티드 | A method to provide a measure of link reliability to a routing protocol in an ad hoc wireless network |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101670809B1 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2016-10-31 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Method For Selecting Parent Node Considering Load Balancing In a Wireless Communication System with Multi-Hop Structure |
| KR20180013573A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-07 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Method for Avoiding Network Congestion by Centralized Network Controller |
| KR102576897B1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2023-09-11 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Centralized Network Controller and Method for Avoiding Congestion by Same |
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