KR101486759B1 - Greenhouse Gas Monitoring System and Method for Construction Industry - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a monitoring system for greenhouse gas of the construction industry and a method thereof. The present invention computes the amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated by inputted materials of a project in a purchasing step, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced while the materials are transmitted to a construction site, and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced while the usage of construction equipment during a construction step. Also, the present invention computes a difference between the prospected amount of emissions and real amount of emissions to calculate the economic value. In this way, at a step of designing, environmental construction ideas can be supported through the computation of prospected amount of emissions, a green construction site can be realized through the computation of the real amount of emissions at a step of construction and a step of operation, and the present invention can be utilized as a supporting tool of the green construction result evaluation through the comparison and evaluation between the prospected amount and the real amount of emissions.

Description

{Greenhouse Gas Monitoring System and Method for Construction Industry}

The present invention relates to a system and method for monitoring a greenhouse gas in a construction industry, and more particularly, to a system and method for monitoring a greenhouse gas in a construction industry, and more particularly, To a system and method for monitoring greenhouse gases in the construction industry.

Rapid economic growth over the past few decades has placed greater emphasis on productivity and efficiency than on the environment. This has resulted in indiscreet consumption of energy and the release of greenhouse gases that destroy the ozone layer of the earth. As a result, the world is now faced with a serious environmental crisis of global warming that threatens the survival of mankind. As a result of the growing recognition that global efforts to global warming are needed, the Kyoto Protocol, which introduced the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and introduced international and binding regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, (Kyoto Protocol) 'was officially in force in 2005, and discussions on the reduction of greenhouse gases are actively being carried out.

Korea is classified as a developing country in the Kyoto Protocol and has no obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, Korea is the ninth largest GHG emission source in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Low Carbon, Green Growth "), the government set up the 2010 Green Growth Basic Law with a target of 30% reduction compared to BAU (Business As Usual) by 2020. The greenhouse gas target management system, And the establishment of a framework for systematic management and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

However, the construction sector is not only focused on the development of technology related to post-treatment technology, but it can not even grasp the environmental impact of the domestic construction industry even though it consumes more than 1/4 of the total fossil fuel.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0077572 (published on July 7, 2011)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases, And to provide a system and method for monitoring the greenhouse gas in the construction industry, which can compare and evaluate the difference and compare the difference between the emission estimate and the actual emission value with the economic value.

Accordingly, the present invention analyzes greenhouse gas emission factors according to a general life cycle of a construction project, determines the analysis range of greenhouse gas monitoring based on ease of collection of basic data such as design books and establishment of emission factors, Establish framework setting and method of estimating emissions by business stage.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a greenhouse gas monitoring system for a construction industry comprising: a calculator for calculating a greenhouse gas emitted by a project input material; An arithmetic unit operable to calculate a difference between an emission prediction value and an actual emission value in the calculation unit; And a conversion unit for converting the difference between the emission forecast value and the actual emission value into an economic value.

Wherein the calculation unit comprises: a first calculation unit for calculating a greenhouse gas emission amount by the input material of the project in the purchase step; A second calculation unit for calculating a greenhouse gas emission amount by transportation from the place of shipment of the material to the site; And a third calculation unit for calculating a greenhouse gas emission amount by use of the construction equipment in the field construction step.

The emission estimate is calculated by selectively using estimated information including a volume calculation sheet, a construction cost calculation sheet, a construction plan, and a unit price calculation sheet. The actual emission value includes usage information including a ready-made statement, a material management book, And it is preferable to calculate them selectively.

Here, the fourth calculator may further include a fourth calculator for estimating greenhouse gas emissions according to schedule, operation, and operation by power, water, and oil used.

Meanwhile, a method for monitoring a greenhouse gas in a construction industry according to the present invention comprises the steps of: calculating a greenhouse gas emission amount by an input material of a project in a purchasing step; Calculating a greenhouse gas emission amount by transporting the material from the shipment site to the site; Calculating a greenhouse gas emission amount by use of the construction equipment in the site construction step; Computing a difference between an emission estimate for each of the emissions and an actual emission; And converting the difference between the emission forecast value and the actual emission value into an economic value.

As described above, according to the system and method for monitoring the greenhouse gas in the construction industry according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a decision support system for environmentally friendly design through calculation of emission estimates at the time of designing a construction business, It is expected to be utilized as a tool to support the evaluation of green construction performance through the implementation of green construction sites and comparison and evaluation between emission estimates and actual emission values.

Figure 1 is a diagram of a construction life cycle.
2 is a flow chart of the cement manufacturing process.
3 is a diagram illustrating a framework of a greenhouse gas monitoring system of the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating a greenhouse gas monitoring process of the present invention.
5 is a configuration diagram of a monitoring system according to the present invention.
6 is a diagram showing the structure of a project summary sheet of the present invention.
7 is a view showing the construction of a greenhouse gas monitoring sheet according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a view showing a configuration of a greenhouse gas monitoring sheet according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a table showing the result of monitoring the greenhouse gas at the purchasing stage.
10 is a table showing the result of monitoring the transporting greenhouse gas.
Fig. 11 is a table showing the result of monitoring the greenhouse gas in the field construction stage.
FIG. 12 is a table showing the monitoring results of the greenhouse gas at the construction stage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a greenhouse gas monitoring system and method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention proposes a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions caused by construction activities for civil engineering facilities (roads, railways, dams, ports, etc.), and a monitoring system and method therefor.

Specifically, the GHG emissions from the inputs of the project, the GHG emissions from the shipment to the site, and the GHG emissions from the use of the construction equipment during the construction phase are used as the emission estimates And the actual emission value. In addition, the difference between the emission estimate and the actual emission value is expressed as the carbon trading price of the greenhouse gas emission trading system, and the greenhouse gas emission amount at the construction stage and the operational stage is calculated by the schedule.

The method of estimating carbon dioxide emissions can be divided into three methods, first, second and third, depending on the utilization data and classification criteria, and whether the country's own greenhouse gas emission coefficient is established. The first method is the most basic and simple method to calculate the GHG emissions using IPCC default values. The second method is a method of estimating GHG emissions using the country-specific GHG emission factor , And the third method is a method of estimating GHG emissions using more detailed data such as country-specific GHG emission factor, model, and plant unit. The accuracy of estimating GHGs becomes increasingly higher as the third method, and the method of generating more than the second method is regarded as a national GHG estimation method. N ₂ O, calculated greenhouse gas emissions by category, such as CH _4, including the CO ₂ is Global Warming Potential (GWP, Global Warming Potential) value corresponding to a typical greenhouse gas CO ₂ by using CO ₂ -e (CO ₂ eq. , CO ₂ -equivalent).

1) Method 1

The first method is a method of estimating the greenhouse gas emissions using the fuel consumption amount and the emission factor used in each emission source. The IPCC Guidelines provide an average GHG emission factor for fuel, and use Equation (1) to calculate the total GHG emissions through equation (2) as the sum of the GHG emissions estimated for each fuel.

--- 식 (1)

--- Equation (1)

--- 식 (2)

--- (2)

Where E _{GHG, fuel} is greenhouse gas emissions with the fuel type, F and C _fuel is assumed as 1 for the amount of combustion fuel, E and F _{GHG, fuel} is CO ₂ greenhouse gas emission factor by the fuel type earth And a warming index, respectively.

2) Method 2

The method for calculating GHG using the second method is calculated by replacing the emission factor of the first method with the emission factor of the country. The country-specific emission factors can be developed, for example, taking into account the carbon content of the fuel used, the carbon oxidation factor, the fuel quality, and, in particular, the emission reduction techniques for non-CO ₂ gases.

In the case of solid fuels, it should be developed taking into account the change of time and the amount of residual carbon in the ash. The country-specific GHG emissions factor may be equal to or different from the default emission factor provided by the IPCC, but it is better applied in accordance with local circumstances, so that GHG emissions can be calculated more precisely than the first method estimate .

3) Third method

The method of estimating GHGs in the first and second methods is calculated using the average emission factor for the fuel combination, while the estimation method for the third method is based on the type of fuel, combustion technology, operating conditions, Technology, method of maintenance, equipment type, etc. (3).

--- 식 (3)

--- (3)

E _{GHG, fuel, technology} is the type of fuel and GHG emissions by technology, F ㆍ C _{fuel, technology} is the amount of fuel burned by type of technology, E ㆍ F _{GHG, fuel,} And emission factors of greenhouse gases by technology, respectively.

In addition, as a method for estimating the GHG emissions of the construction sector, there may be a method of indirectly calculating the GHG emissions using the industry association table.

Figure 1 is a diagram of a construction life cycle.

Referring to FIG. 1, the life cycle of a construction project is divided into a planning / design phase, a construction phase, an operation phase, and a dismantling / recycling phase. The type of inputs and activities will emit greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the GHG emissions from the whole life cycle of a construction project in a lump, and it is difficult to calculate the GHG emissions according to the life cycle of the construction project, .

Accordingly, the present invention analyzes greenhouse gas emission factors according to the life cycle of the construction business in order to establish a monitoring analysis range of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the scope of GHG monitoring analysis will be set based on the ease of collection of data necessary for data construction such as design books for estimating GHG emissions and the establishment of GHG emission factors.

(1) greenhouse gas emission factor in planning / design stage, (2) greenhouse gas emission factor in construction phase, (3) greenhouse gas emission factor in operation phase, (4) Includes greenhouse gas emission factors at the recycling stage.

(1) GHG emission factor in planning / design stage

The planning and design stage is to review the necessity of the construction project and to prepare the design book including the specification and the cost calculation statement so that the construction can be done from the establishment of the business objective. Greenhouse gases are generated by the activities of manpower.

As shown in [Table 1], factors of greenhouse gas emissions during the planning and design stage can be classified into the emission factors generated by the office activities for actual design and the factors emitted by the support activities necessary for the design process.

First of all, it is considered that the energy consumption by the office activities is the most important factor in the office space such as electricity, water supply, and oil. Emissions from support activities can be classified into transportation means to be used for external activities such as field trips and business consultation, private cars for leaving and leaving the project, and public transportation.

However, due to the nature of the design office, where a large number of people simultaneously work on multiple projects in a limited space, it may not be possible to grasp the amount of energy consumed to perform the project alone. In the case of support activities, it may also be practically impossible to construct data for estimating GHG emissions by checking the commutation type of the project participants and transportation means for external activities that can be changed according to circumstances. Therefore, GHG emissions estimation at the planning and design stage can be excluded from the analysis area.

(2) GHG emission factors during the construction phase

The construction phase is the stage where the facilities are actually completed using the construction materials and construction equipment based on the design book completed in the previous design stage. In detail, it can be divided into a purchasing stage for procuring necessary construction materials, a transportation stage for transporting necessary materials and equipment to a construction site, and a field construction stage for completing a facility using construction equipment.

1) Purchase stage

The purchasing stage is the procurement of the construction material to be put into the facility in the construction stage after the design is made. As shown in FIG. 2, the construction material is discharged from the collection of raw materials through the processing steps such as crushing, processing, and chemical processing, thereby discharging greenhouse gases.

In other words, many of the materials used to construct the facilities are not made directly from nature, but are made by collecting and processing various materials from nature. At the moment when the construction material is put into the construction site, Is to include the environmental load at the production stage of such construction materials. Therefore, in the present invention, the purchasing step is regarded as a stage in which the construction material required for the project is produced, and the construction materials such as the main materials and general materials to be put into the business are regarded as greenhouse gas emission factors at the purchasing stage.

2) Transportation stage

The transport phase is the stage of transporting the construction materials to be transferred to the project from the shipyard to the construction site or material store. The GHG emission factors to be considered in the transportation stage can be classified into material transportation, equipment transportation and manpower transportation as shown in [Table 2].

In case of material transportation, it is possible to collect basic data such as quantity of material and distance of transportation through procurement and management plan of construction materials. However, the transportation of equipment and manpower can vary greatly depending on site conditions and conditions, making it difficult to collect collective data. Therefore, in the present invention, the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions due to transportation of equipment and manpower can be excluded from the scope of analysis. In addition, the transportation of materials is divided into land transportation, air transportation, and marine transportation.

3) Field construction stage

The field construction stage is a stage to complete the facilities by using the equipment that is put into the construction site through the purchasing stage and transportation stage. As shown in [Table 3], construction activities that emit greenhouse gases by the use of construction equipment are considered to be the most influential factors. In addition, greenhouse gases are emitted by management activities such as power consumption, waterworks, city gas consumption, commuting workforce, and use of business vehicles.

First, the construction equipment used at the construction site is selected according to the type of work and the distance of transportation. In addition, the size of the selected equipment will be decided based on the size of the construction and all the specifications, and the construction equipment used according to the type of work is shown in [Table 4].

GHG emissions from the use of construction equipment are calculated by using the volume and unit price calculation sheet prepared at the design stage, the equipment input plan prepared at the construction stage, and the prepared statement, and the quantity of the input equipment is determined and constructed and provided by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs It can be estimated through the utilization of greenhouse gas emission factor of construction equipment. However, the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions by the operation of the field office and the commuting vehicles of the input workers and the business vehicles can be excluded from the analysis because data construction may not be possible as in the planning / design stage.

(3) GHG emission factors at the operational stage

The operation phase is the stage where the facilities are used and maintained for maintenance until the facilities are completed and dismantled. This stage may vary depending on the type and form of the facility, but it can be divided into greenhouse gas emissions by facilities operation and greenhouse gas emission by facility use as shown in [Table 5]. First, the emission of greenhouse gases by facility operation can be regarded as the emission factor of the energy such as electric power, oil, water, gas, etc. input to use the facility itself and the input amount generated during maintenance for maintenance of the facility . For example, in the case of roads, the use of electric power for the use of facilities such as street lights, tunnel lights, traffic lights, etc., and the energy use of power, oil, and gas at the management office, periodic repackaging, do. In addition, greenhouse gas emissions by facility use are those where greenhouse gases are emitted by users who use facilities. For example, greenhouse gas emissions due to traffic volume in the case of roads and greenhouse gas emissions from trains in the case of railways .

The emission factors in accordance with the operation of the facilities are due to the use of energy such as electric power, oil, gas, water, etc., and there is a load statement created at the design stage, and a usage statement (charge bill) Of the total greenhouse gas emissions. However, greenhouse gas emissions by facility maintenance and greenhouse gas emissions by use of facilities may be excluded from the scope of data construction.

In addition, greenhouse gas emissions from the use of facilities generating the greatest amount of greenhouse gases during the life cycle of facilities can be excluded from the scope of the present invention due to limitations of data construction for various civil engineering facilities. However, since the present invention for estimating the greenhouse gas emission by road or railroad transportation is steadily being carried out, the emission of greenhouse gas by the use of the facility should be included in the future.

(4) GHG emission factors at dismantling and recycling stage

The dismantling and recycling stage is the dismantling of the building and the disposal or recycling of the materials. As shown in Table 6, greenhouse gas emission factors in the dismantling phase are inputs of materials and equipment to be used for dismantling the facilities. The most important factors to consider in the recycling stage are the amount of materials to be disposed of and the amount of materials to be recycled It is a quantity.

However, it is practically impossible to digitize the amount of disposal and recycled materials for dismantled facilities. It is also difficult to accurately determine the amount of GHG emissions because it is virtually impossible to grasp whether recycled construction materials are put into other construction projects and are not reused and put into other industrial fields. Therefore, the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions at the dismantling and recycling stage is not included.

Table 7 summarizes the greenhouse gas emission factors by construction phase analyzed so far. As described above, the range of greenhouse gas analysis will be set based on the ease of collection of data necessary for data construction, such as design books for estimating greenhouse gas emissions, and the establishment of greenhouse gas emission factors.

A framework for the construction of the monitoring system of the present invention will be described. In addition, we propose a greenhouse gas emission calculation process through the method of estimating the GHG emissions of each GHG emission factor by construction phase.

3 is a diagram illustrating a framework of a greenhouse gas monitoring system of the present invention.

The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) or other GHG emission calculation program for measuring the existing GHG emissions is limited by the limitation of the usability due to the complex structure of the manufacturing industry, the limitation of data collection for data construction, Respectively.

Accordingly, the system for monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases to be developed in the present invention is intended to overcome these limitations. For this purpose, it is desirable to build a system based on Microsoft Excel worksheet so that it can be used easily, data is constructed, formula is used, the updated GHG emission factor can be managed and modified easily, and it can be easily used by ordinary users. Therefore, user convenience can be improved by simplifying data construction, minimizing input data for estimating greenhouse gas emissions, and simplifying greenhouse gas emission calculation formula, using data that can be easily collected during the project. And it can improve accuracy by using country-specific GHG emission factors.

In addition, the greenhouse gas monitoring system of the present invention supports eco-friendly design decision making through estimation of emission estimates at the time of designing a construction project. In addition, it will be able to utilize it for the implementation of the green construction site and the tool for the evaluation of the green construction performance by comparing and evaluating the actual emission value from the actual construction and operation time.

Referring to FIG. 3, the GHG monitoring system of the present invention can estimate the GHG emissions generated at the purchasing stage, the transportation stage, the site construction stage, and the operational stage by analyzing the design, Lt; / RTI >

Estimation of GHG emissions is based on data on the input of the above materials, the type and distance of the transportation equipment of materials, the number of equipment used, energy consumption, etc., National GHG emission factors provided in the 'Guidelines' and 'National LCI Database Information Network'. In addition, the formula for estimating GHG emissions is based on the IPCC Guideline based on the analysis standard.

Basic data for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions are basically divided into pre-construction basic data necessary for estimation of emission estimates and basic data after construction necessary to calculate actual discharge values And can be presented as [Table 8].

Estimation of the emission estimates can be made by predicting and estimating the amount of greenhouse gas emissions to be generated in the construction phase after the start of construction in the design process before the commencement of the construction, using design books such as a volume calculation sheet and a unit price calculation sheet. In addition, the actual emission value can be calculated by calculating the greenhouse gas emission amount based on the amount actually input at the time of the construction stage after the start of the construction, and can use documents such as the prepared statement, the material management book, and the equipment use plan written in the construction step.

Here, we will explain how to estimate greenhouse gas emissions by construction project.

First, we explain the criteria for calculating greenhouse gas emissions.

The greenhouse gases considered in the calculation of GHG emissions are CO ₂ (carbon dioxide), CH ₄ (methane), N ₂ O (nitrous oxide), HFCs (hydrogen fluoride carbon), PFCs HFCs, PFCs, and SF ₆ , which are considered in the case of outgassing of the six greenhouse gases, SF ₆ (sulfur hexafluoride), can be excluded from the calculation.

In addition, the CH _4, N ₂ O emissions when calculating Non-CO ₂ greenhouse gas by applying a global warming potential (GWP, Global Warming Potential) and calculates a CO ₂ -e. At this time, Non-CO ₂ global warming potential that is applied to greenhouse gases for each of greenhouse gases to the other, each GHG degree to contribute to global warming by a factor representing the harmful amount of Non-CO ₂ greenhouse gas compared to CO ₂ by the CO It specifies the degree of contribution of the star. This is calculated by applying the values given in the Convention on Climate Change. The global warming index of the greenhouse gases under consideration is shown in [Table 9].

The step-by-step method for estimating greenhouse gas emissions includes the steps of 1) calculating the greenhouse gas emissions at the purchasing stage, 2) calculating the greenhouse gas emissions at the transportation stage, 3) calculating the greenhouse gas emissions at the site construction stage, And a calculation step.

1) Estimate greenhouse gas emissions at the purchasing stage

At the purchasing stage, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by the input material is calculated and the total amount of emissions is calculated through three steps. First, the GHG emissions per material used for each type of work are calculated as the product of the GHG emission factor of each material and the disposal amount as shown in Eq. (4). Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by type of work as shown in Equation (5), and calculate total greenhouse gas emissions at the purchasing stage as the sum of greenhouse gas emissions by type of work, as shown in Equation (6).

- Step 1: Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by material

--- 식 (4)

--- (4)

Where E _Mi is the amount of greenhouse gas emissions per material, I _Mi is the amount of input per material, and EF _Mi is the greenhouse gas emission factor per material.

- Step 2: Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by type of work

--- 식 (5)

- (5)

Where E _WCj is greenhouse gas emissions by type of work and E _Mi is greenhouse gas emissions by material.

- Step 3: Estimate total GHG emissions at the purchasing stage

--- 식 (6)

- (6)

Where E _PP is the total greenhouse gas emissions at the purchasing stage and E _WCj is the greenhouse gas emissions by type of operation. The unit of input material is kg, m, m ² , m ³ and so on. In addition, the system is building greenhouse gas emission factors for a total of 37 materials.

2) Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions at transportation stage

In the transportation phase, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by transportation equipment used for transportation of materials is calculated and the total amount of emissions is calculated through three steps as in the purchasing stage. First, the GHG emissions by transportation equipment are calculated by multiplying the transportation distance by the quantity of material and the GHG emission factor of each transportation equipment as shown in Eq. (7). Calculate the GHG emissions by type of work as shown in Eq. (8), and calculate the total GHG emissions at the transport stage as shown in Eq. (9) as the sum of greenhouse gas emissions by type of work.

- Step 1: Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by transport equipment

--- 식 (7)

--- (7)

E where _Vi is the greenhouse gas emissions per transport equipment, D _i is a transport distance, M _i is loading of the transport material in the material, EF _Vi is a greenhouse gas emission factors specific transport equipment.

- Step 2: Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by type of work

--- 식 (8)

--- (8)

Where E _WCj is the greenhouse gas emissions by work type and E _Vi is the greenhouse gas emissions by transport equipment.

- Step 3: Estimate total GHG emissions at transportation stage

--- 식 (9)

--- (9)

Where E _TP is the total GHG emissions at the transport stage and E _WCj is the GHG emissions by type of operation.

3) Estimation of GHG emissions at site construction stage

In the field construction stage, the greenhouse gas emission amount by the construction equipment is calculated. In the present invention, calculation methods for monitoring by work type and calculation methods for monitoring by schedule are separately presented.

The calculation method for monitoring by type of work is to calculate the total amount of emissions through three steps as in the purchasing phase and transportation phase. First, GHG emissions by each equipment are calculated by multiplying the number of equipment input and the working time as shown in Equation (10). Calculate the greenhouse gas emissions by type of work as shown in Equation (11) using the sum of greenhouse gas emissions by input type of each type of work, and calculate the total greenhouse gas emissions of the construction stage as shown in Equation (12).

- Step 1: Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by construction equipment

--- 식 (10)

--- (10)

Where E _Ei is the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by construction equipment, I _Ei is the number of inputs per equipment, OT _Ei is the operating time of the equipment, and EF _Ei is the greenhouse gas emission factor by construction equipment, respectively.

- Step 2: Estimate greenhouse gas emissions by type of work

--- 식 (11)

(11)

Where E _WCj is the greenhouse gas emissions by construction type and E _Ei is the greenhouse gas emissions by construction equipment.

- Step 3: Estimate total GHG emissions at site construction stage

--- 식 (12)

--- (12)

Where E _CP is the total GHG emissions at the site construction stage and E _WCj is the greenhouse gas emissions by type of work.

The calculation method for the schedule-specific monitoring is to calculate the daily emissions through two steps. First, the daily GHG emissions by equipment are calculated by using the formula (10) and the total daily GHG emissions of the input equipment are calculated as shown in Eq. (13) .

--- 식 (13)

--- (13)

Where E _D is the greenhouse gas emissions by construction schedule and E _Ei is the greenhouse gas emissions by construction equipment.

4) Method of calculating greenhouse gas emissions at the operational stage

The GHG emissions at the operational stage are calculated for monitoring by schedule, and the GHG emissions by electric power, water supply, and oil are calculated. First, the estimation of GHG emissions by using electricity and water is calculated by multiplying each energy consumption by each carbon emission factor, as shown in Eqs. (14) and (15).

--- 식 (14)

- (14)

Where E _EP is the greenhouse gas emission of purchased electricity, EP is the purchased electricity, and EF _EP is the greenhouse gas emission factor of the purchased electricity.

--- 식 (15)

--- (15)

Where E _WW is the total greenhouse gas emissions of the water supply, WW is the water usage and EF _WW is the greenhouse gas emission factor for the water supply, respectively.

Unlike the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by using the above power and water, the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions by oil use is calculated by multiplying the basic fuel consumption and the greenhouse gas emission factor of fuel by the net calorific value and oxidation rate, same.

--- 식 (16)

--- (16)

Where E _oil is the total greenhouse gas emissions of the oil , Oil is the amount of oil used, and EF _oil is the greenhouse gas emission factor of the oil. GHG emissions by energy calculated above are calculated on a monthly basis based on the monthly consumption of each energy.

4 is a diagram illustrating a greenhouse gas monitoring process of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, the greenhouse gas monitoring process according to the present invention largely monitors greenhouse gas emissions generated by dividing into business processes and schedule.

First, by project stage monitoring, greenhouse gas generated at the purchasing stage, transportation stage, and site construction stage is classified as design input and actual input amount, and emission estimates and actual emission values for each type are calculated. Input data for GHG monitoring at the purchasing stage requires the name of the material, the specification of the material, the amount of input, and the stage of transportation requires data on the type of transport equipment, specifications, and the number of inputs. In addition, the input data of the field construction stage is used as the input data of the type, specification, and input number of the construction equipment.

As shown in FIG. 6, the purchasing step, the transportation step, and the field construction step are performed by the calculation unit 1 (the input material of the project performed at the purchasing step) for calculating the greenhouse gas discharged by the input material of the project , A second calculation section (12) by transporting the material to the site from the place of delivery of the material, and a third calculation section (13) by use of the construction equipment in the field construction stage) (2) for calculating the difference between the emission estimation value of the greenhouse gas emission amount and the actual emission value, and a conversion unit (3) for converting the difference between the emission estimation value and the actual emission value into an economic value, .

It is assumed that the purchasing stage and the transportation stage are regarded as the preparatory process of the site construction stage, which is carried out on a schedule basis, and the GHG emissions of the construction stage based on the starting time point are calculated on a daily basis, GHG emissions are calculated on a monthly basis.

The monitoring system of the present invention has the following features: 1) a project summary sheet; 2) three sheets for monitoring by business stage; 3) two sheets for monitoring by schedule; and four sheets (not shown) It consists of 10 sheets.

1) Project overview sheet

The project summary sheet is a sheet for inputting the information of the project to be analyzed. The basic data of the project basic information and the analysis of the greenhouse gas emission are inputted. As for inputting the basic information of the project, enter the project name, project type, construction scale, construction period, construction amount, and site location as shown in FIG. Of these, the input data of the construction period is linked with the monitoring sheet for each schedule, and the period for monitoring the construction phase is set automatically, and it can be monitored during the construction period of maximum 5 years. In addition, the period after the completion date entered is automatically set up to monitor the GHG emissions for up to 40 years for the schedule monitoring of the operation phase.

The input of the project basic setting is to input the data of the equipment operation time, the utilization rate, the carbon transaction price and the exchange rate, and each data is associated with the sheet for calculating the greenhouse gas emission amount. The equipment operation hours (hr / day) and the operating rate (%) are calculated in consideration of greenhouse gas emissions in connection with the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions by equipment use at the site construction stage. Inputs of carbon trading price (EUA) To determine the price of carbon. Carbon trading prices can be found by linking to Blue Next, the world's largest carbon trading partner, Europe. However, if Korea's carbon trading center, which will be established after 2015, is established, Korea's carbon trading price can be utilized.

2) Project monitoring sheet

The monitoring sheet for each stage of the project is divided into a purchasing stage, a transportation stage, and a site stage stage sheet. In order to input the data for monitoring step by step, firstly, the scope of GHG estimation is designated by the name of the project and the name of the plant. Addition and deletion of analysis type and material, transportation equipment and construction equipment are performed at the upper right Or to add and delete materials or the like.

The next step is to enter the analysis phase, material name or bill of shipment, construction equipment name and specification, and the material or transport equipment, construction equipment unit and GHG emission factor will be automatically assigned. This allows the input of the design input to be calculated and the actual input to be automatically calculated.

Also, in order to show the difference between the emission estimate and the actual emission value as economic value, the carbon price entered in the project summary sheet is applied and the calculation is automatically performed in monetary unit, and an example thereof is shown in FIG.

3) Monitoring sheet by schedule

The monitoring sheet for each schedule is divided into a construction stage and an operation stage sheet. First, the monitoring of the schedule of the construction phase is set up so that it is input from the construction start date in conjunction with the construction period entered in the project summary sheet.

Input data is input 73 kinds of construction equipments to the corresponding date. When the number is input, the amount of work discharge due to the use of the equipment is automatically calculated and displayed in a bar form as shown in FIG. In addition, according to the schedule of the construction work, the greenhouse gas emission amount of the date and cumulative emission amount during the construction period are automatically calculated and displayed in a line on the graph.

In addition, it is desirable to monitor the monthly GHG emissions by considering the data collection characteristics of the factors analyzed at the operational stage, which is the same as the monitoring configuration of each schedule at the construction stage.

[Example]

In the present embodiment, a case evaluation is conducted on the road projects being actually performed to verify the applicability to the greenhouse gas monitoring system, and the results are analyzed.

The verification of this system is a representative civil engineering facility and the road project and the pavement construction, in which the order quantity is increasing according to the recent rapid increase in traffic demand and the social and economic conditions, were targeted. Also, among the major types of target business, the most important type of pavement in the general road construction was selected as the representative type. Quantity data was calculated and applied based on quantity calculation sheet and unit cost calculation sheet of the design book. However, the actual quantity data for the actual discharge value calculation was analyzed by setting the quantity of water and the number of working days on the basis of the quantity calculated based on the design book. In addition, materials that are very small in amount of inputs compared to construction and materials for which greenhouse gas emission coefficient is not established are excluded from the analysis.

Monitoring the GHG emissions of the target business will monitor the GHG emissions from the purchasing stage, transportation stage, and site construction stage by each type of work, and analyze the GHG emissions from the construction stage to the operational stage We monitor by schedule.

For this purpose, the project basic information such as the project name, type, and the size of the project required by this monitoring system is applied based on the design specification of the project subject to the verification. The construction period is for the convenience of analysis except for the ground stability and curing period 1 month (30 days). Also, for the emission analysis, the operation time is assumed to be 8 hours and the equipment operation rate is assumed to be 70%. The price of carbon trading in the fourth quarter of 2012 is set at 8 euros / ton, which is the average value from October 1 to November 15, The average exchange rate is set at 1,400 won. The contents of the basic information are shown in [Table 10].

This monitoring system is divided into the purchasing stage, the transportation stage, and the site construction stage, and monitors the emission estimates and the actual emissions according to the estimated input amount and the actual input amount at each stage. For this purpose, the projected input quantity of the project subject to verification is calculated by applying the input quantity based on the design book. The actual amount of input is arbitrarily set based on the estimated input amount for convenience of analysis. Table 11 shows the types of input materials and equipment for each stage of the project.

Monitoring by schedule monitors GHG emissions from construction and operation phases on a daily or monthly basis according to actual inputs. The equipment input amount for each day of the construction phase is set to the number of input per day in accordance with the construction period of one month set in the basic information input.

Business step-by-step monitoring of greenhouse gases resulting greenhouse gas emission estimates were calculated by 378.41tCO _2, is calculated as the actual value 341.09tCO ₂ emissions of greenhouse gases was confirmed that the reduction of approximately 37.32tCO ₂ in the actual construction phase contrast design history. In addition, the economic value was estimated to be about 418,033 won.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention.

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Claims (5)

A calculating unit for calculating greenhouse gases emitted by the input materials of the project including the planning / designing step, the construction step, the operating step, and the disassembling / recycling step;
An arithmetic unit operable to calculate a difference between an emission prediction value and an actual emission value in the calculation unit; And
And a conversion unit for representing the difference between the emission estimate and the actual emission value as a carbon trading price of the greenhouse gas emission trading system,

In the planning / designing stage, greenhouse gases generated by power, waterworks, and oil used by construction project participants are calculated,

In the construction step, the greenhouse gas generated in the purchasing step for procuring the necessary construction material, the transportation step for transporting the necessary materials and equipment to the construction site, and the site construction step for completing the facility using the construction equipment,
In the purchasing step, the greenhouse gas generated at the stage of inputting the construction material made by processing the material obtained in nature into the construction site is calculated,
In the transportation step, the greenhouse gas generated in the transportation of the material to be put into the business, the transportation of the equipment, and the transportation of the manpower is calculated,
In the field construction stage, the amount of input equipment is calculated by using the quantity / unit price calculation sheet prepared at the planning / designing stage, the equipment input plan prepared at the construction stage, and the prepared statement, and the greenhouse gas emission factor To calculate greenhouse gas by using construction equipment,

In the operation phase, energy is generated from the energy, which includes the electric power, oil, water, and gas, which are used to use the facility itself, until the facility is completed and then disassembled. Calculate greenhouse gases,

In the dismantling / recycling step, the greenhouse gas generated in the step of dismantling the facilities and discarding or recycling the materials is calculated,

The emission amount of each greenhouse gas is calculated by converting it into CO ₂ -e (CO ₂ -equivalent, CO ₂ -equivalent) corresponding to CO ₂ using Global Warming Potential (GWP)
The non-CO ₂ greenhouse gas containing CH ₄ and N ₂ O is calculated as the CO ₂ -e by applying the global warming index,

The greenhouse gas monitoring system of the construction industry is estimated by the following formula.

--- (expression)
Here, E _{GHG, fuel and technology} are the fuel type and the greenhouse gas emission by the combustion technology, F ㆍ C _{fuel, technology} is the fuel amount burned by the combustion technology, E ㆍ F _GHG, And greenhouse gas emission factors by delete delete delete delete

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