KR101471453B1 - Apparatus and method for scheduling electic device considering peak load - Google Patents

Abstract

A scheduling apparatus for determining the operating time of an electric device consuming power in a smart grid system is disclosed. The disclosed scheduling apparatus can determine the operating time of each electric device to reduce the peak load of the smart grid system.

Description

[0001] APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SCHEDULING ELECTIC DEVICE CONSIDERING PEAK LOAD [0002]

The following embodiments are directed to an apparatus and method for scheduling the operation of other electric apparatuses, and more particularly, to a system and method for scheduling the operation of each electric apparatus such that the peak load of the smart grid is reduced in a smart grid environment, To an apparatus and method for scheduling operation of a device.

The Smart Grid is a term used to describe "intelligent power grid." It combines information technology (IT) with existing power grids (power generation → transmission and distribution → sales) to enable electric power suppliers and consumers to exchange information in real time in both directions and optimize energy efficiency. Power grid. With the development of IT technology, bi-directional communication has become possible in the energy sector, and it attracts much attention because it can expand the supply of irregular renewable power such as solar and wind power. The biggest advantage of an intelligent power grid is its energy efficiency. For example, a home washing machine operates at the cheapest electricity billing time, and an electric car is charged at an inexpensive rate for late-night parking even during the day. In addition, consumers can look at electricity usage patterns and electricity rates in real time through a consumer power management device, which helps consumers to voluntarily save energy.

In addition, by using the smart grid, the power generation amount and the power consumption amount can be grasped in real time, and the power supply unit price, which is the usage rate of the unit power per unit time, can be changed with time.

The following embodiments are intended to schedule the operation of the electric apparatus so that the peak load is reduced.

The following embodiments are intended to distribute the operation of each electric device temporally so that the sum of instantaneous electric power required by the electric devices has a low value.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a scheduling apparatus for a smart grid system, comprising: a scheduling unit for determining a temporary operation time interval of an electric appliance supplied with power from the smart grid system; A peak load reduction unit for determining a final operation time interval so as to reduce a peak load of the grid system and a control signal generator for generating a control signal for operating the electric device in the last operation time interval / RTI >

Here, the scheduling unit may determine the temporary operation time interval in the reserved time interval in consideration of the electric power usage fee of the electric device or the electric power usage pattern of the electric device.

The power supply unit price is changed in accordance with time within the reserved time interval, and the power usage charge may be determined in proportion to the power supply unit price.

The peak load reduction unit may update the last operation time period according to the value of the peak load.

Here, the peak load may be an instantaneous maximum value of power used by the electric device and other electric devices supplied with power from the smart grid system.

The peak load reduction unit may determine the final operation period based on the ratio of the electric power consumption of the electric device and the electric devices and the electric power consumption of the electric device.

According to another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method of scheduling a smart grid system, the method comprising: determining a temporary operating time interval of an electric appliance powered by the smart grid system; There is provided a scheduling method comprising the steps of: determining a final operating time interval such that a peak load of the smart grid system is reduced; and generating a control signal to operate the electronic equipment during the last operating time interval.

Here, the determining of the temporary operation time interval may determine the temporary operation time interval of the reserved time interval by considering the electric power usage fee of the electric device or the electric power usage pattern of the electric device.

The power supply unit price is changed in accordance with time within the reserved time interval, and the power usage charge may be determined in proportion to the power supply unit price.

The method may further include updating the last operation time interval according to the value of the peak load.

Here, the peak load may be an instantaneous maximum value of power used by the electric device and other electric devices supplied with power from the smart grid system.

The determining of the final operating time period may determine the final operating period based on a ratio of the electric power consumption of the electric device and the electric devices and the electric power consumption of the electric device.

According to the embodiments described below, the operation of the electric device can be scheduled so that the peak load is reduced.

According to the embodiments described below, the operation of each electric device can be dispersed in time so that the sum of the instantaneous electric powers required by the electric devices has a low value.

1 is a diagram illustrating a concept of operating a scheduling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
2 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a scheduling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating changes in the power supply unit price according to the exemplary embodiment. FIG.
4 is a diagram illustrating a time slot according to an exemplary embodiment.
5 is a diagram illustrating an operating time interval according to an exemplary embodiment.
6 is a diagram illustrating an operation time interval determined discretely according to an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a decrease in peak load in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a step-by-step description of the scheduling method according to the exemplary embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a diagram illustrating a concept of operating a scheduling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

The smart grid system 110 is a next-generation power network in which power suppliers and consumers exchange information in real time in both directions and optimize energy efficiency. The smart grid system 110 can change the amount of power to be supplied and change the power supply unit price of the supplied power according to the power consumption of the electric devices 120,

According to one aspect, the smart grid system 110 controls the power consumption by setting a high power supply unit price at a time when power consumption is greatly increased, and sets a low power supply unit price at a time when the power consumption decreases, thereby inducing power consumption can do. The smart grid system 110 may previously announce the power supply unit price to be changed according to each time zone.

The electrical apparatuses 120, 130, and 140 shown in FIG. 1 may operate in consideration of the power supply unit cost. That is, when the charging apparatus is installed in the furniture of the user, the charging apparatus can supply electric power to the electric vehicle 121 or the cellular phone 131 using the time zone in which the power supply unit price is lowest.

According to one aspect, the user can reserve a time for the power supply to operate. For example, the user can schedule the power supply to operate between 9:00 pm when the user returns home and 6:00 am when the user goes out. Hereinafter, this is referred to as a reserved time period of the electric apparatus.

1, when the electric apparatuses 120, 130, and 140 are the charging apparatuses, the electric vehicle (or the like) to be charged 121 or the time when the cellular phone 130 can be charged. If the user leaves home at 9:00 am and leaves home at 6:00 am, the reserved time period for the charging devices 120, 130, and 140 installed in the home may be 6:00 AM at 9:00 PM on the way home.

According to another embodiment, the reserved time period may be a time arbitrarily set by the user in consideration of the electricity use charges of the electric devices 120, 130, and 140. For example, the user can arbitrarily set the night time zone in which the electricity supply unit price is inexpensive as the reservation time period.

According to another embodiment, the reserved time period means a time when the operation time can be reserved for the electric device. In this case, the scheduling device 150 can determine the operation time within the reserved time period.

The scheduling device 150 can receive information on the reservation time period of the electric device from the electric device. The scheduling device 150 can determine the operation time of the electric device within the reservation time period. For example, if the reservation time is between 9 pm and 6 am, the scheduling device 150 transmits the charging device 120, 130). ≪ / RTI >

According to one aspect, the scheduling device 150 can directly receive information on the reservation time period of the electric devices 120, 130, and 140 from the user.

According to one aspect, the scheduling apparatus 150 stores an operation time interval of each of the electric apparatuses 120, 130, and 140 to generate an operation pattern, and generates an operation pattern corresponding to the operation pattern of each electric apparatus 120, 130, The operating time interval of the devices 120, 130, and 140 can be determined.

The scheduling apparatus 150 transmits control signals for operating the electric apparatuses 120, 130 and 140 to the electric apparatuses 120, 130 and 140 during the determined operation time period, and the electric apparatuses operate according to the control signals.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each of the electric devices 120, 130, and 140 can operate in a specific time interval. In this case, the power supplied by the smart grid system 110 is the sum of the electric power consumed by each of the electric devices 120, 130, and 140 individually. Therefore, the smart grid system 110 must secure a supply capacity that is greater than the power each of the electric devices 120, 130, 140 individually consumes. The maximum power supplied by the smart grid system 110 is called a peak load. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, when each electric device 120, 130, 140 operates in the same time interval, the peak load of the smart grid system 110 has a very large value.

If different, the scheduling device 150 may distribute the time band in which the electric devices 120, 130, and 140 operate. In this case, the electric device 130 does not operate in the time band in which the electric device 120 operates, and the electric device 120 may not operate in the time band in which the electric device 130 operates. Therefore, the peak load of the smart grid system 110 is not the sum of the power consumed by each of the electric devices 120, 130, and 140, but is a maximum value among the electric powers consumed by the electric devices 120, 130, and 140 .

That is, when the time band in which the electric devices 120, 130, and 140 operate is dispersed, the peak load of the smart grid system 110 decreases. According to one aspect, the scheduling device 150 can reduce the peak load of the smart grid system 110 by distributing the operation time interval of each electric device 120, 130, 140.

2 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a scheduling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

The scheduling apparatus 200 includes a receiving unit 210, a scheduling unit 220, a peak load reducing unit 240, a control signal generating unit 260, a database 240, and a control unit 250.

According to one aspect, the electrical devices 280, 290 may be devices that can reserve operating time. For example, each of the electric devices 280 and 290 is a charging device for the electric vehicle 281 or the electric device 291, and may be a device capable of reserving and changing the operation time.

According to one aspect, the unit price of the power supplied by the smart grid 270 system may change over time.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating changes in the power supply unit price according to the exemplary embodiment. FIG.

The horizontal axis of the graph represents the change of time, and the vertical axis represents the power supply unit price.

Referring to FIG. 3, the power supply unit price has a low value at dawn, and can be high from about 8:00 am to 11:00 am. Also, it has a maximum value at about 4 pm, and can be gradually lowered thereafter.

In the case where the power supply unit price is changed as shown in FIG. 3, the scheduling unit 220 can determine the temporary operation time interval of each electric appliance so that the electric power usage fee for each electric appliance has a low value. The peak load reduction unit 240 may determine a final operating period of each electric appliance so that the peak load of the smart grid system 270 decreases based on the temporary operation time interval.

Hereinafter, in the present specification, the unit time during which the power supply unit price is changed or the scheduling unit 220 determines the temporary operation time interval of each electric appliance, or the peak load reduction unit 240 determines the final operation time interval of each electric appliance The unit time to be determined is called a time slot.

In FIG. 3, the embodiment in which the power supply unit price is changed in units of one hour is shown, but the time unit in which the power supply unit price is changed may be a smaller unit (for example, in units of one minute). In this case, the unit of time slot is one minute. According to another embodiment, the power supply unit price can be changed in real time.

4 is a diagram illustrating a time slot according to an exemplary embodiment.

In FIG. 4, a day is divided into 1440 time slots, and serial numbers from 0 (410) to 1439 (420) are assigned to each time slot.

(430)의 시간 슬롯 인덱스가 '8'이고, i번째 전기 기기의 동작 시간 구간의 종료 시점

(440)의 시간 슬롯 인덱스가 '15'인 경우에, i번째 전기 기기의 동작 시간 구간의 길이

는 하기 수학식과 같이 결정될 수 있다.
Here, the starting time point of the operation time interval of the i < th >

The time slot index of the first electric device 430 is '8'

When the time slot index of the first electric device 440 is '15', the length of the operation time interval of the i-th electric device

Can be determined according to the following equation.

[Equation 1]

는 '7'로 계산될 수 있다. 만약, 동작 시간 구간이 다음날까지 넘어가는 경우(

인 경우)에는 i번째 전기 기기의 동작 시간의 길이

는 하기 수학식 2와 같이 결정될 수 있다.
According to Equation (1), the length of the operation time of the i < th >

Can be calculated as " 7 ". If the operating time interval falls to the next day

), The length of the operation time of the i-th electric device

Can be determined according to the following equation (2).

&Quot; (2) "

The receiving unit 210 receives the information on the reservation time period of each of the electric devices 280 and 290 from the electric devices 280 and 290. Here, the reserved time period is a time period during which the electric devices 280 and 290 can operate, and can be set by the user or can be set by the electric devices 280 and 290 themselves. For example, with respect to the charging device 280 that supplies electric power to the electric vehicle 281, a time interval from 9:00 pm when the user goes home to home to 6:00 am when the user goes to work is set as a reserved time period . In this case, the information on the reserved time period may be 9:00 PM, which is the start time of the reserved time period, and 6:00 AM, which is the end time of the reserved time period.

The scheduling unit 220 calculates a temporary operation time interval of each electric device 280 and 290 in the reserved time interval in consideration of the electric power usage fee of the electric devices 280 and 270 and the electric power usage patterns of the electric devices 280 and 290 . For example, the scheduling unit 220 can determine a time interval from 1:00 am to 5:00 am among the reserved time interval 9:00 am to 6:00 am as a temporary operation time interval of the electric devices 280 and 290 have. Alternatively, the scheduling unit 220 may determine a time period from 1:00 am to 5:00 am as a temporary operation time period for the electric device 280, and a time period from 11:00 pm to 2:00 am for the electric device 290 The interval can be determined as the temporary operation time interval.

5 is a diagram illustrating an operating time interval according to an exemplary embodiment.

In FIG. 5, a day is divided into 1440 time slots, and serial numbers from 0 (510) to 1439 (511) are assigned to each time slot.

(520)과 예약 시간 구간의 종료 시점

(530)으로 정의된다. 스케쥴링부(220)는 예약 시간 구간(520~530) 내에서, 전기 기기의 임시 동작 시간 구간(540~550)을 결정할 수 있다.
the reserved time period of the i-th electric device is the starting point of the reserved time interval of the i-th electric device

(520) and the end time of the reserved time interval

(530). The scheduling unit 220 can determine the temporary operation time intervals 540 to 550 of the electric device within the reserved time intervals 520 to 530. [

According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 can discretely determine the temporary operation time for each electric device 280, 290.

6 is a diagram illustrating an operation time interval determined discretely according to an exemplary embodiment.

In FIG. 6, a day is divided into 1440 time slots, and serial numbers from 0 (610) to 1439 (620) are assigned to each time slot.

(630)으로부터 예약 시간 구간의 종료 시점

(640)를 이용하여 정의될 수 있다.The reserved time interval for the i < th > electric device is the starting time point of the reserved time interval

(630) to the end of the reserved time interval

(640). ≪ / RTI >

According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 can determine the temporary operation time intervals (651 to 652, 661 to 662, 671 to 672) discretely within the reserved time intervals (630 to 640).

For example, the scheduling unit 220 may determine a temporary operation time period from 11:00 pm to 2:00 am in the reserved time period from 9:00 pm to 6:00 am, and 4:00 am to 5:00 am in the reserved time period.

According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 can determine a temporary operation time interval for each electric appliance considering the length of operation time required for each electric appliance to complete the required operation. For example, if the time required for the charging device 260 to charge the electric vehicle 261 is 4 hours, the length of the temporary operating time of the charging device 260 can be defined as 4 hours. In this case, the scheduler 220 can determine the operation time interval of the charging device 260 so that the temporary operation time interval starts before 2:00 am, which is four hours before the end of the reserved time interval. Also, the scheduling unit 220 may determine the start time of the temporary operation time interval during the time interval defined by Equation (3).

&Quot; (3) "

는 i번째 전기 기기의 임시 동작 시간 구간의 시작 시점이고,

는 i번째 전기 기기의 예약 시간 구간의 시작 시점이고,

는 i번째 전기 기기의 예약 시간 구간의 종료 시점이고,

는 i번째 전기 기기의 임시 동작 시간의 길이이다.
here,

Is the start time of the temporary operating time period of the i < th > electric device,

Is the start time of the reserved time period of the i < th > electric device,

Is the ending point of the reserved time period of the i < th > electric device,

Is the length of the temporary operating time of the ith electrical device.

According to one aspect, the electric power usage charge of the electric devices 260 and 270 may be determined by a product of a power supply unit price, which is a charge of a unit electric power per unit time, and a electric power consumption amount of each of the electric devices 260 and 270. Here, the power supply unit price can be changed according to time within the reserved time interval. Thus, the power usage fee can be determined in proportion to the power supply unit price.

According to one aspect, the power supply unit price may be determined and announced on the previous day, in which case the receiver unit 210 may receive the power supply unit price and store it in the database 240. The scheduling unit 220 may calculate the power usage fee by loading the power supply unit price stored in the database 240. [

For example, the scheduling unit 220 may divide the reserved time period into a plurality of time slots, and calculate a power usage rate for each time slot considering the power supply unit price when each time slot is included in the temporary operation time interval have.

According to one aspect, the electric power usage charge of the i-th electric device can be calculated according to the following equation (4).

&Quot; (4) "

는 i번째 전기 기기의 시간당 소비 전력이고,

는 시간에 따라 변경되는 전력 공급 단가이다.
here, Is the electric power usage charge of the i < th > electric device,

Is the power consumption per hour of the i-th electric device,

Is a power supply unit price that changes with time.

According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 may be configured such that the sum of the electric power usage charges used by the electric devices 260 and 270 is minimized, or the reserve of each of the electric devices 260 and 270 is minimized The operation time interval can be determined.

For example, the scheduling unit 220 may determine the preliminary operation time interval of each electric device so that each element is more or less satisfied with consideration of various factors.

Therefore, when the user desires to minimize the difference from the previous usage pattern, the user can determine the time period in which the power supply unit price is somewhat higher as the preliminary operation time period.

를 하기 수학식 5와 같이 계산할 수 있다.
According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 determines a preliminary operation time interval in which a power usage charge is minimized within a reserved time interval,

Can be calculated as shown in Equation (5).

&Quot; (5) "

는 i번째 전기 기기가 시간 슬롯 t를 예비 동작 시간 구간의 최초 시간 슬롯으로 하여 동작하는 경우, 동작이 완료될 때까지 발생하는 전력 사용 요금이다.

는 i번째 전기 기기가 시간 슬롯 h에 동작하는 경우 소모하는 전력이고,

는 시간 슬롯 h에서의 전력 공급 단가이다.
Here,

Is a power usage fee that occurs until the operation is completed when the i < th > electric device operates with the time slot t as the first time slot of the preliminary operation time interval.

Is the power consumed when the i < th > electric device operates in the time slot h,

Is the power supply unit price in time slot h.

를 만족하는 모든 시간 슬롯에 대하여 전력 사용 요금

를 계산할 수 있다. According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220

≪ / RTI > for all < RTI ID = 0.0 >

Can be calculated.

The scheduling unit 220 may calculate a maximum value among the power usage fees calculated by using each time slot as the first time slot of the preliminary operation time interval. Also, the scheduler 220 may normalize the power usage fees calculated by using each time slot as the first time slot of the preliminary operation time interval to a maximum value among the calculated power usage fees. For example, the scheduling unit 220 may normalize power usage charges according to Equation (6).

&Quot; (6) "

는 i번째 전기 기기가 시간 슬롯 t를 예비 동작 시간 구간의 최초 시간 슬롯으로 하여 동작하는 경우, 동작이 완료될 때까지 발생하는 전력 사용 요금

를 그 최대값으로 정규화한 값으로서, '0'에서 '1'사이의 값으로 정해진다.
Here, the normalized power usage fee

When the i < th > electric machine operates with the time slot t as the first time slot of the preliminary operation time interval, the electric power usage fee

Is normalized to its maximum value, and is set to a value between '0' and '1'.

According to one aspect, the electric power usage history of each electric device is recorded using AMI (Advance Metering ID). For example, this history may include which electric device used the electric power or operated in which time slot of a certain day. According to one aspect, the history can be defined as: " (7) "

&Quot; (7) "

Here, d represents the date when each electric device operated, t represents an index of a time slot in which each electric device operated, and i represents an identifier of each electric device.

The receiving unit 210 receives the power usage history of each electric device recorded using the AMI, and the database 230 can store the recorded history. According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 can determine a preliminary operation time interval of each electric device in consideration of a power usage history of each electric device. Since the power usage history of each electric device corresponds to the power usage pattern, the scheduler 220 can determine the preliminary operation time interval of each electric device considering the power usage pattern of each electric device.

는 하기 수학식 8과 같이 계산될 수 있다.
Here, the previous usage pattern of each electric device

Can be calculated as shown in Equation (8).

&Quot; (8) "

Here, the scheduling unit 220 determines the preliminary operation time interval using the sum of the power usage histories for a predetermined period instead of the simple power usage history to increase the reliability of the power usage history for each time slot of the i-th electric device . The scheduling unit 220 may calculate the sum of power usage histories for each time slot of the i < th >

&Quot; (9) "

Here, n is a period in which the previous usage period is considered in units of a date. According to one aspect, n may be determined as an optimal value through simulation or actual operation, and may be determined as 1 day, 2 days, or 7 days, and so on.

Also, the scheduling unit 220 may normalize the sum of the power usage histories for each time slot of the i < th >

&Quot; (10) "

및 정규화된 전력 사용 이력

를 고려하여 전기 기기의 예비 동작 시간 구간을 결정할 수 있다.According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 may use the normalized power usage fee

And normalized power usage history

The preliminary operation time interval of the electric device can be determined.

을 계산할 수 있다.
According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 calculates a Lagrangian multiplier value for each time slot of the i < th >

Can be calculated.

&Quot; (11) "

,

는 가중치로서 임의의 상수이다. 또한, 정규화된 전력 사용 요금

는 하기 수학식 12의 구간에서 정의된다.
here,

,

Is an arbitrary constant as a weight. In addition, normalized power usage charges

Is defined in the interval of the following equation (12).

&Quot; (12) "

중에서, 최소값을 가지는

의 t를 예비 동작 시간 구간의 시작 시점

로 결정할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 스케쥴링부(220)는 하기 수학식 13에 따라서 동작 시간 구간의 시작 시점을 결정할 수 있다.
According to one aspect, the scheduling unit 220 may calculate the Lagrangian multiplier value < RTI ID = 0.0 >

Among them,

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > t < / RTI >

. For example, the scheduling unit 220 may determine the start time of the operation time interval according to Equation (13).

&Quot; (13) "

The peak load reduction unit 240 determines the final operation time interval so that the peak load of the smart grid system 270 is reduced based on the temporary operation time interval determined by the scheduling unit 220. [ Here, the peak load is defined as the instantaneous maximum value of the power consumed by the electric devices 280 and 290 supplied from the smart grid system 270. Therefore, when each electric device 280, 290 operates for the same time period, the peak load has a very large value as a sum of electric power consumed by each electric device 280, 290. On the other hand, when each of the electric devices 280 and 290 operates for different time intervals, the peak load is a relatively small value, which is the maximum value among the powers consumed by the electric devices 280 and 290.

If the value of the peak load is very large, then the capacity of the smart grid system 270 should be greater than the peak load. Accordingly, if the peak load value can be kept small by dispersing the time period during which the electric devices 280 and 290 operate, the electric power is supplied to the electric devices 280 and 290 with a relatively small capacity of the smart grid system 270 Can be supplied.

According to one aspect, the peak load reduction unit 240 can determine the final operation period so that the operation time interval of each of the electric devices 280 and 290 is different. According to one aspect, the peak load reduction unit 240 calculates the peak load reduction unit 240 based on the ratio of the electric power consumption of all the electric devices 280 and 290 supplied from the smart grid system 270 to the electric power consumption of the specific electric equipment 280 It is possible to determine the final operation period of the electric device 280.

According to one aspect, the peak load reduction unit may calculate the peak load variable according to the following equation (14).

&Quot; (14) "

는 i번째 전기 기기의 인덱스가 t인 시간 슬롯에 대한 피크 로드 변수이고,

는 i번째 전기 기기의 인덱스가 t인 시간 슬롯에서의 전력 사용량이다. 또한,

는 임시 동작 시간 구간에 기반하여 결정된, 인덱스가 t인 시간 슬롯에서 스마트 그리드 시스템이 공급하는 전력의 총합이다.

는 임시 동작 시간 구간의 시작 시점이고,

는 임시 동작 시간 구간의 종료 시점이다.
here,

Is a peak load variable for a time slot with an index of the ith electrical device being t,

Is the power consumption in the time slot with index t of the i < th > Also,

Is the sum of the power supplied by the Smart Grid system in the time slot with index t, which is determined based on the temporary operating time interval.

Is the start time of the temporary operation time interval,

Is the ending time of the temporary operation time interval.

The peak load variable defined in Equation (14) can be applied to all electrical appliances 280 powered by the smart grid system 270 when a particular electrical appliance operates with a time slot with index t as the start time of the operating time interval , 290) and the electric power consumption used by the specific electric device (280). If the operation time interval of the electric devices 280 and 290 is ideally dispersed, the electric device 290 does not operate during the time period during which the electric device 280 operates. Thus, the value of the peak load variable may be close to one.

을 하기 수학식 15와 같이 계산할 수 있다.
According to one aspect, the peak load reduction unit 240 calculates the Lagrangian multiplier value

Can be calculated as shown in the following equation (15).

&Quot; (15) "

,

,

는 가중치로서 임의의 상수이다.here,

,

,

Is an arbitrary constant as a weight.

는 하기 수학식 16의 구간에서 정의된다.
Also, the Lagrangian multiplier value

Is defined in the interval of the following equation (16).

&Quot; (16) "

here,

중에서, 최소값을 가지는

의 t를 최종 동작 시간 구간의 시작 시점

로 결정할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 피크 로드 감소부(220)는 하기 수학식 17에 따라서 동작 시간 구간의 시작 시점을 결정할 수 있다.
According to one aspect, the peak load reduction unit 240 calculates the Lagrangian multiplier value < RTI ID = 0.0 >

Among them,

T < / RTI > of < RTI ID = 0.0 >

. For example, the peak load reduction unit 220 may determine the start time of the operation time interval according to Equation (17).

&Quot; (17) "

Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a decrease in peak load in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

The peak load of the Smart Grid system is greater than 90 kW when the electrical machine has operated during the temporary operating time interval.

However, when the operating time interval of the electric device is re-determined such that the peak load of the smart grid system is reduced, the peak load of the smart grid system stays at a little over 70kw when the electric device operates during the last operating time interval.

Thus, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2-6, the peak load of the smart grid system 270 is greatly reduced, and each smart grid system 270 using a smaller capacity, As shown in FIG.

According to one aspect, the controller 250 may calculate the peak load value of the smart grid system 270 based on the determined last operating time period. The control unit 250 may compare the calculated peak load value with a threshold value. If the calculated peak load value is larger than the threshold value, the control unit 250 may control the peak load reduction unit 240 to re-determine (update) the last operation time period.

The peak load reduction unit 240 may further reduce the peak load of the smart grid system 270 by recalculating (updating) the last operation time interval according to the control of the control unit.

The control signal generator 260 generates control signals for operating the electric devices 280 and 290 during the operation time interval and transmits the generated control signals to the electric devices 280 and 290. Each of the electric devices 280 and 290 performs an operation in accordance with the transmitted control signal.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a step-by-step description of the scheduling method according to the exemplary embodiment.

In step 810, the scheduling apparatus receives information on the reservation time period. Here, the reserved time period may mean a meaningful time period during which the electric device operates, and the reserved time period may be a time arbitrarily set by the user in consideration of the electricity use charge of the electric device. Alternatively, the reserved time period may mean a time for which an operation time can be reserved for the electric device.

According to one aspect, the scheduling device may receive information on a reservation time period of the electric device from the electric device, and may receive information on a reservation time period of the specific electric device from the user.

In step 820, the scheduling device may divide the reserved time period into a plurality of time slots. According to one side, the length of the time slot may be '1' minutes.

In step 830, the scheduling apparatus calculates a power usage fee for each time slot assuming that each time slot included in the reserved time interval is the first time slot of the temporary operation time interval. According to one aspect, the power usage fee may be determined in proportion to the power supply unit price, and the power supply unit price may be changed according to time within the reservation time period.

In step 830, the scheduling device normalizes the calculated power usage fee for each time slot to a maximum of the calculated power usage fees for each time slot. Also, the scheduling device receives and stores the power usage history of each electric device recorded using the AMI.

In step 830, the scheduling device normalizes the power usage history for each electrical device's time slot. According to one aspect of the present invention, the scheduling apparatus calculates a sum of power usage histories for a predetermined period of time instead of a simple power usage history to increase the reliability of the power usage history for each time slot, Usage history can be normalized.

In step 830, the scheduling device may determine a temporary operating time interval of each electrical device. According to one aspect, the scheduling device may determine a temporary operating time interval of the electric device by considering the calculated power usage fee and the power usage history / power usage pattern for each time slot. According to one aspect, the scheduling device may determine a temporary operating time interval based on the normalized electricity usage charge, or may determine a temporary operating time interval based on the normalized electricity usage history.

According to one aspect, the scheduling device can discretely determine the operating time for each electric device.

In step 840, the scheduling device determines the last operating time interval of each electrical appliance to reduce the peak load of the Smart Grid system based on the temporary operating time interval. Here, the peak load is the instantaneous maximum value of the amount of power used by all the electric appliances powered by the smart grid system. According to one aspect of the present invention, the scheduling device can determine a final operation time interval of each electric device so that the operation time intervals of the respective electric devices are different from each other.

In this case, the scheduling device may determine a final operating time period of the specific electric device based on the ratio of the electric power consumption amount of all the electric devices supplied from the smart grid system to the electric power consumption amount used by the specific electric device.

In step 850, the scheduling device may calculate the peak load value of the smart grid system 270 based on the last operating time interval. The scheduling device can compare the calculated peak load value with a threshold value. If the calculated peak load value is greater than the threshold value, the scheduling device may re-determine (update) the last operating time interval in step 840. [

In step 840, the scheduling device may further reduce the peak load of the smart grid system by recalculating (updating) the last operating time interval.

In step 860, the scheduling device generates a control signal to operate each electrical device during the operating time interval. Each electric device performs an operation in accordance with the transmitted control signal.

The method according to an embodiment may be implemented in the form of a program command that can be executed through various computer means and recorded in a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like, alone or in combination. The program instructions to be recorded on the medium may be those specially designed and configured for the embodiments or may be available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magnetic media such as floppy disks; Magneto-optical media, and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include machine language code such as those produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. For example, it is to be understood that the techniques described may be performed in a different order than the described methods, and / or that components of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, Lt; / RTI > or equivalents, even if it is replaced or replaced.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims are also within the scope of the following claims.

110: Smart Grid
120, 130, 140: Electric devices
121: Electric vehicles
131: Mobile phone
150: Scheduling device

Claims (13)

1. A scheduling apparatus for a smart grid system,
A scheduling unit for determining a temporary operating time interval of an electric appliance supplied with power from the smart grid system within a reserved time interval of the electric appliance;
A peak load reduction unit for determining a final operation time interval such that a peak load of the Smart Grid system is reduced based on the determined temporary operation time interval; And
A control signal generating unit for generating a control signal for operating the electric device during the last operation time period,
Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the scheduling unit divides a time interval in which the electric device is operable into a plurality of time slots and calculates a power use charge in consideration of a power supply unit price when each time slot is an initial time slot of an operation time in which the electric device operates Normalizing the power usage fees calculated for each time slot to a maximum value among the calculated power usage fees, assuming that each time slot is the first time slot of the operating time,
Calculates a sum of power usage histories for each time slot, normalizes the sums of the calculated power usage histories to a maximum value among sums of the calculated power usage histories,
Determining a time slot that minimizes the value of the following equation (1) as the temporary operation time interval based on the normalized power usage fee and the normalized power usage history,
Wherein the peak load reduction unit determines a final operation time interval of the electric device based on a ratio of electric power consumption of all the electric devices supplied with electric power from the smart grid system and electric power consumption of the electric equipment.


[Equation 1]

here,

,

Is an arbitrary constant as a weight.

Is a normalized power usage history in the t < th > time slot of the electric device,

Is the normalized power usage charge at the t < th > time slot of the electrical device.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the scheduling unit determines the temporary operation time interval in the reserved time interval in consideration of a power usage fee of the electric device or a power usage pattern of the electric device.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the power supply unit price is changed over time in the reservation time period, and the power usage fee is determined in proportion to the power supply unit price.
The method according to claim 1,
And the peak load decreasing unit updates the last operation time period according to the value of the peak load.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the peak load is an instantaneous maximum value of power used by the electric device and other electric devices powered by the smart grid system.
6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the peak load reduction unit determines the final operation period based on a ratio of a power consumption amount of the electric device and the other electric devices to a power consumption amount of the electric device.
A method for scheduling a smart grid system,
Determining a temporary operating time interval of an electric appliance supplied with power from the smart grid system within a reserved time interval of the electric appliance;
Determining a final operating time interval such that a peak load of the smart grid system is reduced based on the determined temporary operating time interval; And
Generating a control signal for operating the electric device during the last operating time period
Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the determining of the temporary operating time interval comprises dividing a time interval in which the electric device is operable into a plurality of time slots, and if the time slot is the first time slot of the operating time of the electric device, And normalizing power usage charges calculated for each time slot to a maximum value among the calculated power usage fees, assuming that each time slot is the first time slot of the operation time,
Calculates a sum of power usage histories for each time slot, normalizes the sums of the calculated power usage histories to a maximum value among sums of the calculated power usage histories,
Determining a time slot for minimizing a value of the following equation (2) as the temporary operation time interval based on the normalized power usage fee and the normalized power usage history,
Wherein the step of determining the final operating time interval includes a scheduling method of determining a final operating time interval of the electric device based on a ratio of electric power consumption of all the electric devices supplied with electric power from the smart grid system and electric power consumption of the electric appliance .

&Quot; (2) "

here,

,

Is an arbitrary constant as a weight.

Is a normalized power usage history in the t < th > time slot of the electric device,

Is the normalized power usage charge at the t < th > time slot of the electrical device.
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the determining of the temporary operation time interval includes determining a temporary operation time interval of the reserved time interval by considering a power usage fee of the electric device or a power usage pattern of the electric device.
9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the power supply unit price is changed over time in the reservation time period, and the power usage fee is determined in proportion to the power supply unit price.
8. The method of claim 7,
Updating the last operating time interval according to the value of the peak load
The scheduling method further comprising:
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the peak load is an instantaneous maximum value of power used by the electric device and other electric devices powered by the smart grid system.
12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein the determining the final operating time interval comprises determining a final operating interval based on a ratio of a power consumption of the electric device and the electric power consumption of the electric device.
A computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12.

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