KR101465498B1 - Apparatus and method for adaptive routing of hybrid optical networks on chip and hybrid optical networks on chip system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for adaptive routing through routing devices, which are individually connected to each of multiple processing elements (PE), in a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONoC) comprises: a step of receiving a control packet from a first routing device through an electrical link; a step of determining the type of the control packet; a step of determining a second routing device towards a predetermined destination among routing devices adjacent to the first routing device based on a path-setting packet if the control packet is determined to be the path-setting packet by the type determination; a step of checking the usage state of the second routing device and determining whether to roll back the path-setting packet based on the usage state; and a step of rolling back the path-setting packet to the first routing device if the path-setting packet is determined to be rolled back. The rolled-back path-setting packet is transmitted to a third routing device on a detour path, which is re-determined by the first routing device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an adaptive routing apparatus and method for a hybrid optical network on chip and a hybrid optical network-

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adaptive routing apparatus and method for performing routing according to the state of each routing apparatus in a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONOC) environment, and a HONoC system using the same.

Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) with multiple cores has been developed due to the limitations of power efficiency versus performance of single-core processors. In such a multiprocessor system-on-chip, when a conventional bus structure is applied, a problem of a bottleneck may occur and the performance of the entire system may be degraded. As a result, Network-on-Chip (NoC), which applies on-chip network (OCN) concepts to advanced SoC structures with integrated core and IP (Intellectual Property) .

Since NoC is a structural change in terms of topology and protocol, an approach considering an additional interconnection medium is required to meet the limitations of existing semiconductor process / device technology. Accordingly, a hybrid optical network-on-chip (hereinafter, referred to as " hybrid optical < RTI ID = 0.0 > NoC ") & HONoC).

For example, a method has been proposed in which the mesh topology transmits large payload data via the OI, and control packets and routing packets are transmitted through the EI. In the HONoC, when the optical signal is routed through the packet switching method, each router must convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and determine the destination through the routing process. Therefore, the latency is rather higher than that of the EI based NoC The circuit switching network is configured to set the path of the OI through the EI.

On the other hand, due to the importance of optical routing, many studies have been made to optimize routers. However, in the study on existing HONoC routers, by applying simple routing method such as XY routing, when different data are trying to use the same path, data that can not occupy the path is transmitted until other data is transmitted There is a blocking problem to wait. Accordingly, the latency of the routers on the HONoC can not be fairly guaranteed. Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus and a method capable of performing efficient routing according to the structural characteristics of HONoC.

In this regard, Korean Patent Registration No. 714073 (entitled "On-chip Network Automatic Generation Method Without Contention of Communication Resources"), in the SoC design, a traffic graph and a communication schedule for the traffic volume between the modules constituting the on- And automatically generates an optimal on-chip network without contention between communication requests.

However, these existing researches have not been able to reflect the environment of HONoC structure which should use circuit switching through application of optical interconnection (OI), and there is a limitation in path collision control in HONoC structure.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an adaptive routing apparatus and method for efficiently processing a bypass route setting based on a routing state of a routing apparatus in a HONoC environment, and a HONoC system .

It should be understood, however, that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described technical problems, and other technical problems may exist.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a routing apparatus connected to a plurality of processing elements (PEs) in a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONOC) A packet distribution module for receiving a control packet for routing through an electrical link, distributing the control packet according to a predetermined type, and outputting the control packet; And a control unit configured to determine a next routing apparatus adjacent to the predetermined destination in the direction of a predetermined destination when receiving the routing packet among the control packets output from the packet distribution module, a rollback process; And a rollback processing module that rolls back the routing packet to a previous routing device to which the routing packet is input if the rollback process for the routing packet is determined by the routing module, The path setting packet that has been rolled back is transmitted to another routing apparatus on the bypass path that has been redetermined by the previous routing apparatus.

According to another aspect of the present invention, an adaptive routing method through a routing device connected to a plurality of processing elements (PEs) in a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONOC) a) receiving a control packet from a first routing device over an electrical link; (b) determining the type of the control packet; (c) determining a second routing device in a direction toward a predetermined destination among the routing devices adjacent to the first routing device based on the routing packet, when the determination result is the type of the routing device; (d) checking the use state of the second routing apparatus and determining whether to perform a rollback process on the route setting packet according to the use state; And (e) rolling back the routing packet to the first routing device when a rollback process for the routing packet is determined, wherein the rolled back routing packet is a round trip Path to the third routing device on the path.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a hybrid optical network-on-chip system includes a plurality of processing elements (PEs); And a plurality of routing devices matching the PEs, processing circuit switching for transmission of data between the PEs via an optical link, and processing packet switching for routing the PEs through an electrical link, The routing device receives the control packet for route setting through the electrical link and distributes it according to a predetermined type and outputs the control packet. When receiving the routing packet among the control packets, the routing device transmits the control packet to the next routing device adjacent to the predetermined destination And if the next routing device is unavailable, rolls back the routing packet to a previous routing device to which the routing packet is input, wherein the routing packet, which has been rolled back to the previous routing device, If the previous routing device has been redirected to another routing device on the bypass path, It is.

According to any one of the above-mentioned means for solving the problems of the present invention, when setting the path for data transmission / reception on the HONoC, if the path traveling direction is blocked, the path is returned to the routing apparatus before the blocking, . Thus, it is possible to increase the communication speed by providing a suitable detour path for each data communication to use the same path.

 Further, according to any one of the tasks of the present invention, it is possible to provide an optimum route setting even when the route is bypassed by setting the bypass route in the shortest distance route from the origin to the destination.

Further, according to any one of the tasks of the present invention, when a route setting attempt in the same direction occurs at the same time by two or more communications, a differential delay time is applied to a route setting retry of each communication, It is possible to perform stable parallel communication with the communicated communications.

Further, according to any one of the tasks of the present invention, it is possible to quickly release the set route by performing the route disconnection through the electrical network simultaneously with (or in a short time) the data transmission through the optical network after completing the route setting So that the communication efficiency can be improved.

1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a hybrid optical network on chip system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a routing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view for explaining a structure of control packets according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for determining a routing progress direction in an adaptive routing scheme according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a route setting prediction processing procedure for a next routing apparatus in an adaptive routing scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the results of performing adaptive routing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a redundant path search process that may be generated in an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for excluding a redundant path in the adaptive routing scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a view illustrating an example of a route setting simultaneous occurrence state for explaining a route setting delay method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating a delay time to be applied to a route setting retry according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive routing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it includes not only "directly connected" but also "electrically connected" with another part in between . Also, when an element is referred to as "comprising ", it means that it can include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a hybrid optical network on chip system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, a Hybrid Optical NoC (HONOC) system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of processing elements (PE) 100, A plurality of routers 200 matched and connected to the router 200 and an optical link 300 forming an optical path between each router 200 and an electrical link 400 forming an electrical path between the routers 200 .

1, the HONoC system 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is configured as a mesh network topology type HONoC, and the HONoC type according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include various types of network topologies Can be set.

The processing element (PE) 100 is an element that processes data on HONoC. For example, the PE 100 can map a task by a program such as an application, and process data corresponding to the task.

The router 200 establishes a route (i.e., routes) between the PEs 100 on the HONoC for data processing in the PE 100, thereby allowing data to be transmitted and received. At this time, the source router 200 receives the data generated from the PE 100 connected to the source router 200 and transmits the data to the destination router 200, and the destination router 200 transmits the received data (i.e., data transmitted by the source router) To the PE 100 connected thereto.

In particular, in the HONoC system 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, each router 200 performs a predetermined routing procedure to set a route from a source to a destination. At this time, the predetermined routing method performed by each router 200 is a method of determining the next router to set a path according to the current status of other routers on the HONOC (hereinafter referred to as 'adaptive routing').

Specifically, according to the adaptive routing, the routing state of the routers 200 located on the route from the source to the destination is determined in real time. At this time, in the adaptive routing, if there is a router which can not set a route on the route, the route is bypassed to another router which is adjacent to the current location of the router and can set the route.

The adaptive routing operation of the router 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 8 below.

Meanwhile, the router 200 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a hybrid router that performs the operations of both an optical router and an electric router together. The HONoC is connected to the optical network through an optical / electrical connection of the routers 200, A network is formed. At this time, the router 200 controls the optical network through circuit switching and controls the electrical network through packet switching.

Specifically, the optical network consists of an optical router and optical link (e. G., Waveguide) 300 in the router 200. Optical link 300 is an optical interconnect (OI) that optically connects between 'PE 100 and router 200' or between 'router 200 and router 200'. For example, when a path is established between a source router and a destination router, the routers 200 located on the established path respectively transmit data (i.e., payload) through the optical link 300, ) As an optical signal. At this time, the optical router may include a micro-resonator, and may select whether to use the optical link according to on / off of the micro resonator. The optical router then transmits the optical signal (i.e., data) to the destination side through the optical link selected to be used, and the destination optical router receives the optical signal through the optical link selected for use.

The electrical network consists of an electrical link (400) with an electrical router in the router (200). The electrical link 400 is an electrical interconnection (EI) that electrically connects the router 200 and the router 200 to enable communication of electrical signals between the routers 200. For example, an electrical router allows packets (hereinafter, referred to as 'control packets') for establishing a path between a source router and a destination router to communicate in an electrical signal over an electrical link 400. Then, the electric router controls the optical router in the router 200 so that the optical signal (i.e., data) is transmitted and received. At this time, the electrical router communicates with the optical router and can control the micro resonator to transmit / receive the light source (i.e., data) through the optical network. In addition, the electrical router may provide information to other routers about the use of the electrical / optical path within the router 200. [

Hereinafter, a router (hereinafter, referred to as 'routing device') 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG.

First, a process of transmitting and receiving data between PEs 100 through a plurality of routing devices 200 on the HONoC system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

First, when data to be transmitted from the source PE is generated, the source routing apparatus transmits a control packet for routing to the destination routing apparatus via an electrical link.

Then, the routing apparatus located on the route from the source routing apparatus to the destination routing apparatus performs processing according to a predetermined adaptive routing algorithm to determine another routing apparatus to which the control packet is to be transmitted.

Specifically, according to the adaptive routing algorithm, a routing device (hereinafter referred to as a 'current routing device') that receives a routing packet is referred to as another routing device adjacent to the destination routing device in one direction Check the path setting status of When the routing state of the next routing apparatus is available, the routing apparatus delivers the control packet. If the routing apparatus is currently in use, the routing apparatus transmits the routing packet to the routing apparatus (I. E., Rollback) the control packet with a " previous routing device " Then, the routing device, which has received the returned control packet, retransmits the control packet to another routing device adjacent to the one direction in the traveling direction toward the destination routing device, thereby bypassing the route. According to the execution of the routing procedure as described above, a plurality of routing devices among the routing devices on the HONoC sequentially receive the control packets, and a path from the source to the destination is established through the routing devices that successfully received the control packet.

As described above, when the control packet for routing is successfully transmitted to the destination routing apparatus, the destination routing apparatus transmits the response control packet indicating the success of the routing to the source routing apparatus to complete the routing.

The originating routing device that has received the response control packet then transmits the desired data packet (i.e., payload) over the optical link 300 of the path set up to the destination routing device (and hence the destination PE).

Finally, when a data packet is transmitted from the source routing apparatus through the optical link 300, the source routing apparatus transmits the control packet for routing through the electrical link 400 to the destination routing apparatus, Release.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the routing device 200 that performs data transmission / reception processing through the adaptive routing described above will be described in detail.

2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a routing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a view for explaining the structure of each control packet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2, the routing apparatus 200 includes a routing processing unit 210, a data transmission unit 220, a data receiving unit 230, and a path removal processing unit 240.

2, the routing processing unit 210 includes a packet distribution module 211, a path setting processing module 212, a rollback processing module 213, a cancel processing module 214, and a packet transmission processing module 215, .

The packet distribution module 211 receives the control packet from the other routing device 200 via the electrical link 400 and classifies the received control packet according to the type.

For reference, a control packet is a packet transmitted and received between the routing apparatuses 200 for routing, and may include a path setting packet, a rollback packet, a cancel packet, A path ack packet, and a path release packet.

Specifically, the routing packet is a packet for requesting routing to the routing device 200 located on at least one of the plurality of routes from the source routing device to the destination routing device. The rollback packet is a packet that is rolled back to the previous routing apparatus in which the routing packet is transmitted when the routing to the next routing apparatus is blocked on the route to the destination routing apparatus when the routing packet is transmitted . For example, if the transmission of a control packet is blocked, the routing device to which the control packet is to be forwarded is being used by another routing configuration, or the PE (100) of the routing device to which the control packet is to be forwarded is being used have. The cancel packet is a packet whose routing operation for the route is canceled and returned to the source router when the destination router is using the route. The path response packet is a packet transmitted from the destination routing device to the source routing device to indicate that the routing is completed when the routing is successfully completed between the source and destination. In addition, the path release packet is a packet for releasing the path after data is transmitted from the source routing apparatus to the destination routing apparatus to enable another path establishment. At this time, the deassignment packet may include the deassignment time information, and may be transmitted sequentially from the source routing apparatus at the start of the data transmission through the optical link or immediately after the data transmission.

3 (a) shows a structure of a path setting packet and a path ack packet, and FIG. 3 (b) shows a structure of a rollback packet and a cancel packet . 3 (c) shows the structure of a path release packet.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the packet setting information (Packet type) is stored in the first field P11 and the packet type information is stored in the second field P12 The source information is stored in the third field P13 and the destination information Destination is stored in the third field P13 and the rollback position information of the route setting packet that has been rolled back in the fourth field P14 , &Quot; Y-value ") are stored. At this time, the rollback location information is the location information of the routing apparatus where the route setting packet has started the rollback, and the latest information is stored.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the packet type information is stored in the first field P21 in the rollback packet and the cancel packet, respectively.

3 (c), the packet release type packet is stored in the first field P31 and the path release time information is stored in the second field P32 . 3C, the second field P32 is a TTL (Time To Live) field.

2, the packet distribution module 211 checks the first field P11, P21, P31 of the received control packet to check the type of the control packet, The rollback processing module 213, the cancellation processing module 214, and the packet transmission processing module 215) of the control packet.

Specifically, the packet distribution module 211 transmits the received control packet to the routing processing module 212 when the received control packet is a routing packet. When the received control packet is a path response packet or a path release packet, the packet distribution module 211 transmits the control packet to the packet transmission processing module 215, To the next routing device. If the received control packet is a rollback packet, the packet distribution module 211 transfers the rollback packet to the rollback processing module 213 or the routing processing module 212 according to the direction in which the corresponding rollback packet is input to the current routing device. At this time, if the direction in which the received rollback packet is input to the current routing device matches the preset one direction, the packet distribution module 211 changes the rollback packet to a routing packet and transmits the routing packet to the routing module 212. If the input direction of the received rollback packet is different from the predetermined direction, the packet distribution module 211 transfers the rollback packet to the rollback processing module 213 as it is. The packet distribution module 211 transfers the received control packet to the cancel processing module 214 when the received control packet is a cancel packet.

The path setting processing module 212 receives the path setting packet (hereinafter referred to as a 'rollback path setting packet') that is rolled back from another routing device through the packet distribution module 211, (Hereinafter referred to as a " normal path setting packet ") inputted in the direction of the routing apparatus. For reference, the rollback path setting packet is a packet that has passed through the current routing device in the course of attempting the path setting, and the normal path setting packet is a packet that has not passed through the current routing device.

At this time, the rollback path setting packet input to the path setting processing module 212 is a packet transmitted from the packet distribution module 211 when the current one is input to the current routing device.

Then, the path setting module 212 determines a next routing apparatus to which the routing packet is to be transmitted by performing a predetermined adaptive routing procedure, and then transmits the routing packet to the determined next routing apparatus via the electrical link 400 . If it is determined that the next routing device to be routed is determined to be blocked as a result of performing the adaptive routing procedure, the path setting processing module 212 transmits the routing packet to the rollback processing module 213, To be rolled back.

Meanwhile, the path setting processing module 212 may perform the adaptive routing algorithm to be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8 to transmit the path setting packet to the next routing apparatus or rollback processing to the previous routing apparatus.

In FIGS. 4 to 8, it is shown that HONoC is a mesh network topology, and a control packet path is set by applying an adaptive routing algorithm based on the X-Y routing scheme. In the following description, the position of each routing device on the HONoC is represented by coordinate values of the X axis and the Y axis.

Specifically, in the XY routing scheme, if routing is preferentially performed on the X axis (that is, the 'X axis' shown in FIG. 1) on the HONoC, but the routing to the adjacent routing apparatus in the X axis direction is impossible, (I.e., the 'Y axis' shown in FIG. 1). In this case, in the mesh network topology, each routing device is adjacent to another routing device in the up / down / left / right direction, the routing devices adjacent in the left / right direction are adjacent in the direction of the X axis, Are adjacent to each other in the Y-axis direction.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the X axis direction is preferentially selected in the route setting of the routing device rather than the Y axis direction. However, in another embodiment of the present invention, It is also possible to select the direction of the routing. Also, although HONoC in the form of a mesh network topology has been described in the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to apply adaptive routing by setting preferential routing progress directions in different types of network topologies. That is, various types of network topologies that can be applied to HONoC have different connection types between routing devices. When a connection between routing devices of a network topology is corresponded to a plurality of axes, a routing priority can be set for each axis have.

Meanwhile, the path setting processing module 212 according to an embodiment of the present invention performs a path setting progress direction determination process, a path settable prediction process, and an increase path exclusion process at the time of performing the adaptive routing procedure Can be performed.

Specifically, the 'path setting progress direction determination process' is a process for determining the direction in which the current routing apparatus that received the control packet transmits the path setting packet. The 'path settable prediction processing' is a processing for confirming the path setting state of the next adjacent routing apparatus in the determined direction, and transmitting the actual path setting packet according to the availability of the next direction of travel. In addition, the 'duplicate route exclusion process' is a process of searching for a bypass route except for the routing device that the route setting packet passed through during rollback using the rollback location information stored in the route setting packet.

Referring to FIG. 4, a 'path setting direction determination process' process of the path setting module 212 will be described in detail in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for determining a routing progress direction in an adaptive routing scheme according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.

4, when the path setting processing module 212 receives the path setting packet from the packet distribution module 211 (S410), it determines that the received path setting packet is a rollback packet (i.e., a 'rollback path setting packet' (S420).

For reference, the rollback path setting packet that can be input to the path setting processing module 212 is rolled back in a predetermined direction among a plurality of directions in which the current routing device can receive the control packet. The predetermined one direction is a direction in which the path is preferentially set in the adaptive routing (i.e., the 'X axis' direction in one embodiment of the present invention). For convenience of explanation, it will be referred to as " priority route direction " hereinafter.

For reference, when the rollback packet input from another routing device is rolled back and input in another direction different from the predetermined one direction (i.e., in the direction of 'Y axis' in one embodiment of the present invention), the packet distribution module 211 And delivers the received rollback packet to the rollback processing module 213 immediately. This is because, according to the XY routing method, when the control packet is rolled back from the direction other than the path direction (i.e., the X axis direction) (i.e., the Y axis direction) This means that there is no path to proceed. In this case, the packet distribution module 211 directly forwards the rollback packet rolled back in the Y-axis direction to the rollback processing module 123.

If it is determined in step S420 that the received route setting packet is not a rollback route setting packet but a normal route setting packet, it is determined whether the current routing device is the same as the X axis coordinate value of the destination routing device S430).

At this time, the path setting processing module 212 can check the X-axis coordinate value of the destination routing apparatus from the destination information stored in the third field P13 of the normal path setting packet.

If the X axis coordinate values of the current routing device and the destination routing device are the same, the flow advances to step S440 to compare the Y axis coordinate values of the current routing device and the destination routing device.

On the other hand, if the X-axis coordinate values of the current routing apparatus and the destination routing apparatus are different, a traveling direction on the X-axis to which the routing packet is to be transmitted is determined (S431).

At this time, if the X-axis coordinate value of the current routing apparatus is smaller than the X-axis coordinate value of the destination routing apparatus, the rightward direction (expressed as 'east' in FIG. 4) To be transmitted. When the X axis coordinate value of the current routing device is larger than the X axis coordinate value of the destination routing device, the leftward direction (expressed as 'west' in FIG. 4) of the X axis direction is determined as the traveling direction.

That is, when the current routing device has a larger value of the X-axis coordinate than the destination routing device, the direction of the current X-axis coordinate of the current routing device is decreased. On the other hand, when the current routing apparatus has a smaller value of the X-axis coordinate than the destination routing apparatus, the traveling direction is determined in a direction in which the X-axis coordinate value of the current routing apparatus becomes larger. By thus setting the routing progress direction only in the direction toward the destination routing device, the routing direction can be determined within the shortest path to the destination without having to search for unnecessary paths. For reference, when a distance between any one router 200 and adjacent router 200 on the HONoC is referred to as a hop, the shortest path is a path having a minimum hop from the source router to the destination router it means.

Then, the path setting state of the current direction of the X-axis on the X-axis determined in the step S431 of the current routing apparatus is checked to determine whether path setting is possible (S432).

For reference, the routing device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of output ports capable of outputting control packets in the up / down / left / right directions, It is possible to determine whether the path can be set by checking the state of the output port corresponding to the determined traveling direction.

As a result of the checking in step S432, if it is determined that the route of the current routing apparatus can be set in the determined direction, it is possible to predict whether or not the next router, (I.e., the 'path settable prediction process') (S480).

For reference, the next routing device is a routing device that is adjacent to the current routing device in the determined direction of progress, and the path settable prediction process for the next routing device determines whether to actually transmit the routing packet according to the routing state of the next routing device .

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S432 that the state of the current routing apparatus is in a state in which it is impossible to set the path to the determined forward direction, the current routing apparatus and the destination routing apparatus Y axis coordinate value.

If it is determined in step S420 that the received route setting packet is a rollback route setting packet, it is determined whether the current routing device is the same as the Y-axis coordinate value of the destination routing device in step S440.

That is, it is possible to prevent unnecessary steps from being performed by omitting the determination of the X-axis (i.e., steps S430, S431, and S432) for the rollback path setting packet based on the rollback packet input in the Y-axis direction.

If it is determined in step S440 that the Y-axis coordinate values of the current routing apparatus and the destination routing apparatus are different from each other, a traveling direction on the Y-axis to be routed is determined (S441).

At this time, when the Y axis coordinate value of the current routing device is smaller than the Y axis coordinate value of the destination routing device, the upward direction of the Y axis (indicated as 'north' direction in FIG. In addition, when the Y axis coordinate value of the current routing apparatus is larger than the Y axis coordinate value of the destination routing apparatus, the downward direction of the Y axis (indicated as 'south' direction in FIG. It is also possible to determine the routing direction within the shortest path to the destination by having the routing direction set only in the direction towards the destination routing device.

Then, the path setting state of the current routing device with respect to the traveling direction on the Y-axis determined in the above step S441 is checked to determine whether path setting is possible (S442).

If it is determined in step S442 that the current routing apparatus is capable of routing in the determined forward direction, step S480 is performed to predict whether routing to the next routing apparatus is possible.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S442 that the current routing apparatus is unable to set the path in the determined direction, the path setting packet is transmitted to the rollback processing module 213 (S451).

If the Y axis coordinate value of the current routing device and the Y axis coordinate value of the destination routing device are equal to each other, it is determined whether the current routing device and the destination routing device have the same address (S440) S450).

If the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the current routing device are the same as the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the destination routing device, it is determined that the addresses of the current routing device and the destination routing device are the same.

If it is determined in step S450 that the address of the current routing apparatus is different from the address of the destination routing apparatus, the step S451 is performed to transmit the routing packet to the rollback processing module 213. [

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S450 that the current routing device is the destination routing device and the current use of the PE 100 matched to the current routing device (S460).

If the state of the PE 100 matched with the current routing apparatus is unavailable as a result of the determination in step S460, the route setting packet is transmitted to the cancel processing module 214 in step S461.

If it is determined in step S460 that the current state of the PE 100 matched with the current routing device is available, the path setting packet is transmitted to the corresponding PE 100 to set the optical path in step S470. .

Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the procedure of the 'path settable prediction processing' of the path setting processing module 212 will be described in detail in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a route setting prediction processing procedure for a next routing apparatus in an adaptive routing scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.

5, the route setting processing module 212 compares the X-axis coordinate of the next routing device with the X-axis coordinate of the destination routing device as the next step of steps S432 and S442 of FIG. 4 And determines whether they are the same (S510).

If it is determined in step S510 that the X-axis coordinate values of the next routing device and the destination routing device are different from each other, the process proceeds from the next routing device to the forward direction on the X-axis (S511).

At this time, when the X-axis coordinate value of the next routing apparatus is smaller than the X-axis coordinate value of the next routing apparatus, the rightward direction (expressed as 'east' in FIG. 5) . When the X axis coordinate value of the next routing apparatus is larger than the X axis coordinate value of the destination routing apparatus, the leftward direction (expressed as 'west' in FIG. 5) of the X axis direction is determined as the next traveling direction.

Then, it is determined whether the routing of the next routing apparatus is possible in the next forward direction determined in step S511 (S512).

As a result of the determination in step S512, if it is possible to set the route to the next traveling direction on the X axis of the next routing apparatus, the route setting packet is transmitted to the next routing apparatus in step S540.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S512 that the next routing apparatus is in a state in which it is impossible to route in the next forward direction (i.e., blocked), the process proceeds to step S520, And the Y-axis coordinate value of the destination routing device. This is because it is impossible to proceed the routing in the X-axis direction of the next routing apparatus, and therefore, it is determined whether or not the routing in the Y-axis direction is possible.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S510 that the X-axis coordinate values of the next routing device and the destination routing device are equal to each other, then the Y-axis coordinate values of the next routing device and the destination routing device are compared )

If it is determined in step S520 that the Y-axis coordinate values of the next routing apparatus and the destination routing apparatus are different from each other, a progress direction on the Y-axis to be routed from the next routing apparatus (S521).

At this time, if the Y-axis coordinate value of the next routing apparatus is smaller than the Y-axis coordinate value of the next routing apparatus, the upper direction (represented by 'north' in FIG. 5) . If the Y axis coordinate value of the next routing device is larger than the Y axis coordinate value of the destination routing device, the downward direction (expressed as 'south' in FIG. 5) of the Y axis direction is determined as the next traveling direction.

Then, it is determined whether the routing of the next routing apparatus is possible in the next traveling direction on the Y-axis determined in step S521 (S522).

As a result of the determination in step S522, if it is possible to route the next routing device in the next forwarding direction, the flow advances to step S540 to transmit the routing packet to the next routing device.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S522 that the next routing device can not route the next routing device, the process proceeds to step S531, The processing direction determined in the " determination processing " is the direction on the X-axis.

As a result of the determination in step S520, if the Y-coordinate values of the next routing device and the destination routing device are equal, it is determined whether the addresses of the next routing device and the destination routing device are the same (S530).

That is, if the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate value of the next routing device and the destination routing device are the same, it is determined that the addresses of the next routing device and the destination routing device are the same.

If it is determined in step S530 that the next routing device and the destination routing device have the same address, the flow advances to step S540 to transmit the routing packet to the next routing device.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S530 that the address of the next routing apparatus and the destination routing apparatus are different, it is determined whether or not the rollback process is performed according to whether the current direction from the routing apparatus to the next routing apparatus is the X-axis direction S531).

That is, when the normal path setting packet is received and the proceeding direction on the X-axis is determined in the 'path setting progress direction determination process' described with reference to FIG. 4, the progress direction with respect to the Y-axis is not searched. If it is determined in step 422 that the next routing apparatus adjacent to the X axis is in the next traveling direction on the X axis and the Y axis in step S531, , It is a step for performing a route re-search for the Y-axis of the current routing apparatus.

If it is determined in step S531 that the next routing apparatus is a routing apparatus that is adjacent to the current routing apparatus in the X-axis traveling direction, the process returns to step S440 in FIG. 4, Perform a search.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S531 that the next routing device is a routing device that is adjacent to the current routing device in the Y axis direction, the routing device transmits the routing packet to the rollback processing module 213 (S532).

As described above with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the path setting processing module 212 performs adaptive routing, so that it is possible to set the route according to the state of the next routing apparatus when setting the route from the origin to the destination, You can set the distance path.

For example, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of performing adaptive routing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6, 64 routing apparatuses 200 located on the HONoC and a PE 100 matched to each routing apparatus 200 are shown and position coordinates (X, Y) are represented on each PE 100 .

6 shows that the position coordinates of the departure location are (1, 0) and the location coordinates of the destination are (4, 5), and the position coordinates (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 2), (4, 3) 3) is shown (indicated as 'path 2' in FIG. 6). That is, there is a routing device already in use between the source and destination.

As a result of performing the adaptive routing according to an embodiment of the present invention, the position coordinates (1, 0), (2, 0), (2, 1), (Shown as 'path 3' in FIG. 6) via (2, 2), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4) Can be set.

Specifically, according to the adaptive routing according to the embodiment of the present invention, by XY routing, routing from the source routing apparatus (i.e., the position coordinate (1, 0)) to the X- A routing packet is transmitted on the X-axis up to the device (i.e., position coordinates (4, 0)). However, since the routing apparatus having the position coordinate (4, 0) is in the state where the next routing apparatus (i.e., the position coordinate (4, 1) Causes the rollback packet to be rolled back to the previous routing device via which the routing packet passed. Accordingly, the rollback packet is rolled back to the routing apparatus (i.e., the position coordinate (2, 0)) in a state in which the forward direction search on the Y axis is possible (i.e., the adjacent routing apparatus on the Y axis is usable). Then, the routing apparatus having the position coordinate (2, 0) bypasses the path on the Y axis and transmits the routing packet to the adjacent routing apparatus on the Y axis (i.e., the position coordinates (2, 1) , 'path 3').

In contrast, when only XY routing is applied without rollback processing, as shown in FIG. 6, the routing packets transmitted from the source routing apparatus (i.e., the position coordinates (1, 0)) are sequentially transmitted to the routing apparatuses on the X axis The path setting packet is advanced to the routing device (i.e., the position coordinates (6, 0)) at a position where the X-axis coordinate value of the destination routing device passes the Y-axis, path 4 '). That is, compared to the adaptive routing scheme according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the path is set in the shortest path, it can be seen that the distances of the routes detected in other routing schemes are very inefficient.

6, in order to prevent an unnecessary repetitive re-search for a path that has already passed, the path setting processing module 212 sets the rollback position information stored in the rollback path setting packet (i.e., ) To perform the 'duplicate route exclusion processing' procedure. In one embodiment of the present invention, the Y-axis coordinate value (i.e., 'Y-value') of the routing apparatus that started the rollback in the fourth field P14 of the routing packet is stored.

For example, FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a redundant path search process that may occur in an embodiment of the present invention.

7 shows that a path (path 1) already in use exists on the route from the source routing apparatus P710 to the destination routing apparatus P720. At this time, the routing packet is routed on the X-axis from the source routing apparatus P710 to the first routing apparatus P730 having the same X-axis coordinate as the X-axis coordinate of the destination routing apparatus P720. Routing packets are then routed on the Y-axis from the first routing device P730 towards the destination routing device P720. 7, the routing configuration packet that has been routed from the first routing device P730 is transmitted by the third to fifth routing devices P750 to P770 located on the already used path (path 1) 2 < / RTI > routing device P740. Thus, the second routing device P740 rolls back the rollback packet to the previous routing device P780 in the direction of the originating routing device P710.

Particularly, after the route setting packet is transmitted from the source routing apparatus P710 to the second routing apparatus P740 via the first route (indicated by '1' in FIG. 7), the second to fourth routes , A rollback process may be generated in which the routing device, which has already passed through on the Y axis, is searched again in the forward direction, as shown in (2) to (4).

In order to prevent such unnecessary duplicate route search, the route setting processing module 212 according to an embodiment of the present invention performs a route setting process in the following manner as shown in FIG. 8 And performs an " overlapping route exclusion process " as in the above.

8 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for excluding a redundant path in the adaptive routing scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4, the 'X-axis position comparison processing step' (S430) and the 'Y-axis position comparison processing step' (S440) of FIG. 4 are performed in the same manner as in FIG. In FIG. 8, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4 are used for the same steps as those in FIG.

If it is determined in step S420 of FIG. 4 that the currently input route setting packet is a rollback route setting packet, the process proceeds to step S440 in FIG. 4 to perform a Y-axis position comparison process for the current routing device (S440).

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S420 of FIG. 4 that the currently input route setting packet is not a rollback route setting packet (i.e., a normal route setting packet), the Y- It is determined whether the value is larger than the Y-axis coordinate value of the routing device and the routing device (e.g., the second routing device P740 in FIG. 7) in which the rollback has been started (S421).

At this time, the path setting processing module 212 checks the rollback position information (i.e., 'Y-value') stored in the fourth field P14 of the normal path setting packet to determine the rollback position of the routing device Y axis coordinate value can be extracted.

If it is determined in step S421 that the Y-axis coordinate value of the current routing device is larger than the Y-axis coordinate value of the destination routing device and the routing device that started the rollback, the process proceeds to step S440 of FIG. 4, And performs a Y-axis position comparison processing step S440 for the apparatus.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S421 that the Y-axis coordinate value of the current routing apparatus is smaller than at least one of the Y-axis coordinate values of the destination routing apparatus and the routing apparatus in which the rollback is started, Axis coordinate value of the destination routing apparatus and the routing apparatus in which the rollback is started (S422).

If it is determined in step S422 that the Y-axis coordinate value of the current routing device is smaller than the Y-axis coordinate value of the destination routing device and the routing device in which the rollback has been started, the process proceeds to step S440 of FIG. And performs a Y-axis position comparison processing step S440 for the apparatus.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S422 that the Y-axis coordinate value of the current routing apparatus is greater than at least one of the Y-axis coordinate values of the destination routing apparatus and the routing apparatus in which the rollback has been started, And performs an X-axis position comparison processing step S430 for the current routing apparatus.

That is, when the routing device for which the rollback of the route setting packet is started is closer to the destination routing device on the Y axis than the current routing device at the time of searching for the bypass route to the route setting packet, the step S440 of FIG. Search for the path of travel on the map. Otherwise, the step S430 of FIG. 4 is performed to search for a path on the X axis for the path setting packet.

2, the rollback processing module 213 receives the rollback packet from the packet distribution module 211 or receives the routing packet to be rolled back from the routing processing module 212. [

The rollback processing module 213 transfers the rollback packet received from the packet distribution module 211 to the previous routing device as it is. For reference, a previous routing device to which a rollback packet is transmitted also refers to an adjacent routing device that is closer to the originating routing device than the current routing device among the routing devices passed through the routing packet transmitted from the originating routing device.

Further, the rollback processing module 213 changes the path setting packet to be rolled back received from the path setting processing module 212 to a rollback packet, and rolls back the rollback packet to the previous routing device to which the corresponding path setting packet was inputted.

The cancel processing module 214 receives the path setting packet to be canceled from the path setting processing module 212.

At this time, if the next routing device determined by the path setting processing module 212 is the destination routing device and the state of the PE 100 matched with the destination routing device is unavailable, To the originating routing device via the routing devices on the route set up to the last.

For reference, the source routing apparatus that received the cancel packet or the rollback packet retransmits the routing packet after a predetermined delay time elapses for stable route resetting. The operation of the data transfer unit 220 will be described in detail below.

The packet transmission processing module 215 receives a path response packet or a path release packet from another routing apparatus through the following data reception unit 230. [

Specifically, when receiving the route response packet, the packet transmission processing module 215 extracts the address of the source routing device by checking the second field P12 of the route response packet, and when the current routing device is the source routing device, And the case where the response is a routing device via.

When the current routing device is the source routing device, the packet transmission processing module 215 delivers the corresponding route response packet to the data transmission module 220. If the current routing device is the routing device via which the response is transmitted, To the adjacent routing device in the direction of the originating routing device.

Upon receiving the route release packet, the packet transmission processing module 215 extracts the route release time information stored in the second field P32 of the route release packet and transfers the extracted route release time information to the route removal processing unit 240. [ The packet transmission processing module 215 transfers the path release including the path release time information reduced by the predetermined value by the path removal processing section 240 to the next routing apparatus.

At this time, the packet transmission processing module 215 updates and stores a value obtained by reducing the original path release time information stored in the received path release packet based on the delay time, in the second field P32 of the path release packet, And transmits the corresponding path release packet.

2, the data transfer unit 220 includes a path setting delay module 221, a data transfer module 222, and a path release setting module 223.

The path setting delay module 221 retries the path setting after waiting for a predetermined delay time when the current routing device receives the cancel packet or the rollback packet as the source routing device.

For example, FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a route setting simultaneous occurrence state for explaining a route setting delay method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The path from the position coordinates 3 and 3 to the position coordinates 7 and 3 in the state where data is being transferred from the position coordinates 5 and 3 to the position coordinates 6 and 5 on the HONoC as shown in FIG. (Hereinafter, referred to as a 'first path setting attempt') and a path setting attempt (hereinafter referred to as a 'second path setting attempt') from the position coordinates 1 and 3 to the position coordinates 5 and 3 Can occur at the same time.

In this case, since the coordinates (5, 3) of the destination are already in use in the route according to the second route setting attempt, data communication can not actually occur. Nevertheless, if both route setting attempts occur at the same time, it is impossible to set the route by the first route setting attempt, which may cause a problem in parallel transmission.

Accordingly, each routing device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention sets a different delay time from the other routing device 200 based on the location of the routing device 200 on the HONoC, After this time, you can try to set the path.

Specifically, the path setting delay module 221 receives a cancel packet from the cancellation processing module 214, or receives a rollback packet from the rollback processing module 214 when the current routing device is the source routing device, And calculates the delay time for the retry.

At this time, the delay time for the route setting retry can be calculated using the following equation (1).

&Quot; (1) "

In Equation (1), S _aps is an average cycle required for switching the plurality of ports from which the electrical router of the routing device 200 outputs control packets, and X _max and Y _max are the respective axes of the network topology (i.e., X / Y axis) (i.e., the total number of the arranged routing apparatuses by axis). And, X _bound and Y _bound mean the difference between the position of the routing apparatus most distant from the current routing apparatus in the direction in which the packet is to be transmitted and the position of the current routing apparatus.

10 is a view for explaining a method of calculating a delay time to be applied to a route setting retry according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 10A, the values of X _bound and Y _bound are shown for directions in which the route is set. In FIG. 10B, directions in which HONoC directions are indicated are indicated.

As a result, another routing apparatus attempting routing in the same direction as the current routing apparatus (for example, the 'E' direction in FIG. 10) is located on the left side of the current routing apparatus ), The value of the delay time (C _delay ) according to Equation (1) is smaller than the value of the delay time (C _delay ) when the other routing apparatus is located on the right side of the current routing apparatus on the X axis .

By doing so, the routing apparatus attempting to set the route in the backward direction in the same direction retries the route setting prior to the routing apparatus on the front side, thereby enabling efficient parallel transmission on the HONoC.

2, when the path response packet is received through the packet transmission processing module 215, the data transmission module 222 determines that the path setup with the destination routing device has been completed successfully, Controls the optical link 300 to transmit the desired data.

For reference, when the data transmission module 222 controls the PE 100 to transmit data after receiving the path response packet, the current routing device is the source routing device.

On the other hand, when the data transmission of the PE 100 is completed through the optical path, the path set to the destination is transmitted to the routing devices 200 on the established path to release the set path. If the PE 100 transmits the path release packet after completing the data transmission, the path is occupied while the path is released even though the optical path to the path is not actually used.

Accordingly, the path release setting module 223 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is configured such that when the matching connected PE 100 starts transmission of the desired data to the predetermined path via the optical link 300, ) To the same path. At this time, the path release setting module 223 can transmit the path release packet at the same time as or after the start of transmission of the object data.

At this time, the path cancellation setting module 223 calculates the path cancellation time using the following equation (2), and transmits the cancellation packet including the calculated path cancellation time information to the other routing device through the electrical link 400 do.

&Quot; (2) "

In Equation (2), the path release time _Ctx is a clock cycle for transferring data through the optical path. And, P _size is the size of a transmission packet (packet size), and, f _elec is the frequency (frequency) is set based on the electric link (400), B _optical bandwidth (bandwidth) predetermined for the optical link 300 to be.

At this time, the path release setting module 223 stores the value of the path release time in the second field P32 (i.e., TTL field) of the path release packet and transmits the value. This route release packet is transmitted to the packet transmission processing module 215 for each routing device passing through.

On the other hand, as the amount of data to be transmitted increases, the path clearing time ( _Ctx ) increases, and accordingly, the bit used for indicating the path clearing time in the TTL filed in the path releasing packet may increase. This may increase the amount of usage (e.g., 'bus size') for the electrical link 400, thus limiting the number of bits in the TTL field.

To this end, the path release setting module 223 defines the maximum value that the TTL field can have as C _max , as shown in Equation (3) below. If C _tx is greater than C _max , the rebate for C _tx in the module 223) when the C _tx be a C _max transmits a path release packet.

&Quot; (3) "

In Equation (3), C _max is a total clock cycle for the path release packet to travel on the electrical path, and S _aps represents a plurality of directional packet output ports at the electrical router of each routing device 200 This is the cycle required for switching.

Accordingly, when C _tx is smaller than C _max , the path release setting module 223 transmits a path release packet including a C _tx value to the TTL field at the start of data transmission by the data transmission module 221. On the other hand, the path release setting module 223 gradually decreases C _tx after the start of data transmission of the data transfer module 221 when C _tx is larger than C _max , and when the reduced C _tx becomes equal to C _max Transmits a path release packet including the C _max value in the TTL field.

The data receiving unit 230 receives the data transmitted from the source PE 100 through the set optical path and transmits the received data to the PE 100 that is matched with the received data. At this time, if the current routing apparatus is the destination routing apparatus, the data receiving unit 240 delivers the received data to the matching PE 100.

The path release processing unit 240 receives the path release time information from the packet transfer processing module 215 and automatically releases the path setting state of the current routing apparatus when the waiting time according to the path release time information elapses.

At this time, the path removal processing unit 240 stores the TTL field value at the time when the corresponding path release packet arrives, and decreases the stored TTL field value every clock.

Further, the path release processing unit 240 reduces the path release time to be included in the path release packet to be transmitted to the next routing apparatus by a predetermined value, and transfers the path release time to the packet transfer processing module 215. Thus, the closer to the destination routing device, the smaller the TTL field value stored in the routing device. As such, the TTL field values stored in each routing device are different from each other. As a result, the routing devices on the path become '0' at the same time, and at the same time, the optical path is released.

If the path release time stored in the path release packet is '0' without being transmitted to the destination routing apparatus, the routing apparatus that has received the path release packet releases the path immediately after receiving the path release packet.

Hereinafter, an adaptive routing method through the routing apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

11 is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive routing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 11, the control packet is received from another routing apparatus through the electrical link 400 (S110).

Then, the type of the received control packet is determined (S120).

If it is determined as a result of the type determination, the next routing device adjacent to the destination is determined based on the routing packet (S130).

Determining a rollback process for the routing packet if the next routing device is unavailable, and forwarding the routing packet to the next routing device if the next routing device is available.

Then, the use state of the next routing apparatus is checked, and it is determined whether a rollback process is performed on the routing packet (S140).

At this time, the next routing device is determined on the shortest path of any of the plurality of shortest path from the predetermined start point to the destination.

If the direction in which the control packet is received from the previous routing apparatus is the predetermined path setting direction (i.e., the 'X axis' direction in the embodiment of the present invention) , The routing apparatus that is adjacent in the other direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction) except for the path advance direction is determined as the next routing apparatus.

When the next routing device is determined on the bypass path not passed through the path setting packet that has been rolled back, the routing device that has started the rollback process than the current routing device, based on the rollback location information and the destination location information stored in the routing packet, Is close to the destination. Then, when the routing apparatus in which the rollback processing is started is closer to the destination than the current routing apparatus, the routing apparatus adjacent to the other axial direction except for the route setting advance direction is determined as the next routing apparatus.

Then, if the rollback process for the route setting packet is determined, the route setting packet is rolled back to the previous routing device to which the route setting packet is inputted (S150).

For reference, the path setting packet rolled back in step S150 is transmitted to another routing apparatus on the bypass path redetermined in the previous routing apparatus.

On the other hand, when receiving the routing packet from another routing device, it compares the location of the current routing device with the predetermined destination based on the routing packet. If it is determined that the current routing device is the destination, Check the status. Thereafter, when the PE 100 is in an unusable state, a cancel packet canceling path setting for the routing packet can be transmitted over an electrical link to a predetermined origin.

When a cancel packet is received from another routing apparatus, a delay time is calculated in accordance with a predetermined delay time calculation condition, and after the calculated delay time elapses, a route setting packet Can be retransmitted.

In addition, when the path setting is completed between the pre-set start point and the destination through the above step, the PE at the start point starts to transmit data through the optical link, and the routing device at the start point completes the path disconnection And transmits a path release packet including time information to a destination. At this time, the path cancellation time according to the path cancellation time information decreases as it approaches the destination.

When the path release packet is transmitted to the destination, the path release time is calculated based on the size of the data, the bandwidth of the optical link, and the frequency of the electrical link, and the calculated path- If the calculated path unblocking time is equal to the maximum value of the path unblocking time, if the calculated path unblocking time is greater than the maximum value of the path unblocking time, And can transmit a path release packet to the destination.

One embodiment of the present invention may also be embodied in the form of a recording medium including instructions executable by a computer, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. In addition, the computer-readable medium may include both computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Communication media typically includes any information delivery media, including computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave, or other transport mechanism.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

10: Hybrid optical network on-chip system
100: processing element
200: routing device
300: Optical path
400: electrical path

Claims (20)

1. A routing apparatus connected to a plurality of processing elements (PEs) in a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONoC)
A packet distribution module for receiving a control packet for routing through an electrical link, distributing the control packet according to a predetermined type, and outputting the control packet;
And a control unit configured to determine a next routing apparatus adjacent to the predetermined destination in the direction of a predetermined destination when receiving the routing packet among the control packets output from the packet distribution module, a rollback process;
A rollback processing module that rolls back the routing packet to a previous routing device to which the routing packet is input if the rollback process for the routing packet is determined by the routing module; And
If the current routing device is determined to be the destination through comparison of the location of the current routing device and the current location of the routing device, checking the use state of the connected PE, if the PE is unavailable, And a cancel processing module for transmitting a cancel packet canceling the setting through the electric link,
Wherein the routing packet rolled back to the previous routing device is sent to another routing device on the bypass path redirected by the previous routing device. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the path setting processing module comprises:
Determining a rollback process for the routing packet if the next routing device is unavailable,
And sends the routing packet to the next routing device if the next routing device is available. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the path setting processing module comprises:
And determines the next routing device on any shortest path among a plurality of shortest path from a predetermined origin to the destination. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the path setting processing module comprises:
Determining a one-axis direction of a plurality of axis directions for receiving the control packet as a preferential path setting progress direction relative to other axis directions,
And when the routing configuration packet is rolled back from the preferential path setting progress direction, determines the routing apparatus adjacent to the other axial direction excluding the preferential path setting progress direction as the next routing apparatus. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the path setting processing module comprises:
When searching for a bypass path not passed by the routing packet rolled back from another routing apparatus,
It is determined whether or not the routing apparatus in which the rollback process is started is closer to the destination than the current routing apparatus, based on the location information and the destination location information of the routing apparatus in which the rollback processing for the routing packet stored in the routing packet is started ,
And determines, as the next routing device, the other routing device in the other axial direction other than the preferential routing setting direction, when the routing device in which the rollback process is started is closer to the destination than the current routing device. delete The method according to claim 1,
When receiving the cancel packet among the control packets output from the packet distribution module, calculates a delay time according to a predetermined delay time calculation condition,
Further comprising: a routing delay module for retransmitting the routing packet over the electrical link after the delay time has elapsed. The method according to claim 1,
When the transmission of data through the optical link is started from the PE connected to the current routing device after the routing with the destination is completed, a path release packet including the path release time information through the electric link is transmitted to the destination To another routing device located in the routing module,
Wherein the path release time according to the path release time information is reduced as it approaches the destination. 9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the path release setting module comprises:
Calculating the path-off time based on the size of the data, the bandwidth of the optical link, and the frequency of the electrical link,
If the computed path cancellation time is greater than the maximum value of the predetermined path cancellation time, if the computed path cancellation time is gradually decreased after the start of the data transmission and equal to the maximum value of the path cancellation time, And transmits the unacknowledg packet including a maximum value of time. The method according to claim 1,
Upon receipt of a routing packet among the control packets output from the packet distribution module,
A path release processing unit that stores path release time information included in the path release packet at a time point when the path release packet is received and decreases the path release time information according to a lapse of time, Further comprising an adaptive routing device. 1. An adaptive routing method through a routing device connected to a plurality of processing elements (PEs) in a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONoC)
(a) receiving a control packet from a first routing device over an electrical link;
(b) determining the type of the control packet;
(c) determining a second routing device in a direction toward a predetermined destination among the routing devices adjacent to the first routing device based on the routing packet, when the determination result is the type of the routing device;
(d) checking the use state of the second routing apparatus and determining whether to perform a rollback process on the route setting packet according to the use state; And
(e) rolling back the routing packet to the first routing device if rollback processing for the routing packet is determined,
The rolled back routing packet is transmitted to the third routing device on the bypass route redirected from the first routing device,
After the step (b)
Comparing the location of the current routing device with a predetermined destination based on the routing packet if the type of the routing packet is determined to be a routing packet;
If it is determined that the current routing apparatus is the destination as a result of the comparison, checking the use state of the connected PE; And
And sending a cancel packet canceling the routing of the routing packet to the predetermined origin via the electrical link if the PE is unavailable. 12. The method of claim 11,
The step (d)
Determining a rollback process for the routing packet if the second routing device is unavailable,
And if the second routing device is available, sending the routing packet to the second routing device. 12. The method of claim 11,
The step (c)
And determining the second routing device on any shortest path among a plurality of shortest path from a predetermined origin to the destination. 12. The method of claim 11,
The step (c)
If the control packet is the path setting packet that has been rolled back,
Determines a routing apparatus that is adjacent in a direction other than the priority route traveling direction to be the second routing apparatus if the direction in which the rolled back routing packet is received is a predetermined priority route setting progress direction,
Wherein the priority route setting advance direction is a unidirectional direction in which the route setting direction is set preferentially in relation to the other axis directions among a plurality of axis directions in which the control packet is received. 15. The method of claim 14,
The step (c)
When the second routing apparatus is determined on the bypass path not passed by the routing packet rolled back from another routing apparatus,
It is determined whether or not the routing apparatus in which the rollback process is started is closer to the destination than the current routing apparatus, based on the location information and the destination location information of the routing apparatus in which the rollback processing for the routing packet stored in the routing packet is started ,
If the routing device in which the rollback process is started is closer to the destination than the current routing device, determines the other routing device in the other axial direction excluding the preferential path setting proceeding direction to be the second routing device. delete 12. The method of claim 11,
After the step (b)
Calculating a delay time according to a predetermined delay time calculation condition when the type is a cancel packet; And
And retransmitting a path setting packet that has been previously un-routed through the electrical link after the calculated delay time has elapsed. 12. The method of claim 11,
After the step (e)
When the path setting between the predetermined start point and the destination is completed, starting the transmission of the data over the optical link by the PE at the start point; And
And transmitting a routing packet including routing time information to the destination via the electrical link on the path where the routing device of the origin is completed,
Wherein the path release time according to the path release time information is reduced as it approaches the destination. 19. The method of claim 18,
Wherein the step of transmitting the deassignment packet to the destination comprises:
Calculating the path-off time based on the size of the data, the bandwidth of the optical link, and the frequency of the electrical link;
Gradually decreasing the calculated path release time after transmission of the data starts if the calculated path release time is greater than a maximum value of the predetermined path release time; And
And transmitting the deassignment packet including the maximum value of the deassociation time to the destination when the deassigned deassociation time becomes equal to the maximum value of the deassignment time. In a hybrid optical network-on-chip system,
A plurality of processing elements (PE); And
A plurality of routing devices that are matched by the PE and process circuit switching for transmission of data between the PEs through an optical link and process packet switching for routing between the PEs through an electrical link,
The routing apparatus includes:
A control packet for routing through the electrical link and distributing the control packet according to a predetermined type and outputting the control packet; and upon receiving a routing packet among the control packets, determining a next routing device adjacent to the predetermined destination, If the next routing device is unavailable, rolls back the routing packet to the previous routing device to which the routing packet is input,
If the current routing apparatus is determined to be the destination through comparison of the location of the current routing apparatus, the use state of the connected PE is checked and if the PE is unavailable, Transmitting a cancel packet canceling the setting through the electric link,
Wherein the routing packet rolled back to the previous routing device is transmitted to another routing device on the bypass path redirected by the previous routing device.

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